CN1398385B - 识别装置、与识别装置通信的终端和验证照相图象的方法 - Google Patents
识别装置、与识别装置通信的终端和验证照相图象的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
识别装置(1)上照相图象(3)的验证方法,识别装置(1)设置有:人的照相图象(3)和微处理器(8),所述微处理器(8)包括:a)处理器(7),b)连接于处理器(7)、并且包含验证数据的存储器(9),和c)连接于所述处理器(7)、用来与外部设备通信的接口装置(5),其中所述照相图象(3)包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与所述的验证数据一起允许对所述照相图象(3)进行验证。所述的方法包括如下步骤:a’)扫描照相图象(3)并且产生图象数据,b’)按照预定的图象分析程序分析这些图象数据,以便产生所述隐藏信息,c’)按照所述验证数据和所述隐藏信息,执行所述照相图象(3)的至少一部分验证。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及带识别装置的照片,比如用来识别人们的护照,和(信用)卡,之后,授权他们进行预定的动作,比如进入大厦,登机(船),执行帐目自动借记交易等等
背景技术
本发明涉及带有持证人照片的识别(ID)证件的使用,例如驾驶执照,具有信用卡尺寸的塑料卡片,或者护照。在通常使用这种识别证件时,操作人员比较证件上的照片和持证人的脸部,以便按照由证件上附加信息确定的凭证来评价持证人所寻求的权利。例如,按照持证人的国籍,护照许可持证人进入某个国家。
这种证件遇到的问题是,它们经常被假凭证或者假相片仿造。
这种问题常见的解决方案是,使用物理篡改检测方法,比如用密封箔密封照片和证件,经常与特殊的检查工具如偏振光相结合以便探测篡改的方法。但是,使用这种检查工具常需要熟练的操作人员。
参考EP-B1-0,539,439的段落[0002],另一个针对篡改粘贴在ID证件上的照片的可能解决方案是:使用提供有处理器和存储器的微处理器的智能卡。卡片芯片的存储器存储卡片上照片的数字拷贝。终端读取芯片卡存储器中的内容并且为操作人员将存储的图像显示在监视器上。然后,操作人员比较显示在监视器上的图象和实际持卡人的脸部。这种方案可以排除要将照片粘贴在卡上的要求。但是,在其它的原因中,这种方案需要昂贵的显示设备使得它尤其不适合能够提供智能卡应用潜力巨大的行业中,例如公共交通系统,其中,智能卡可有效提高性能较差的传统的折扣票。
ID系统中遇到的另一个问题是保护使用ID证件的个人的隐私。尤其在这样的ID证件作为电子可读智能卡形式来实现的情况下,可能需要保护,以免识别个人的数据和使用智能卡的他或者她的数据在不可控的和/或未经允许的情况下被收集。
为保护持卡人的隐私,类似于盲签名的加密技术可以用于从智能卡中读取ID和凭证数据的过程。但是,使用存储在卡片存储器中的照片,以及由终端读出它以便为操作人员显示在监视器上,这在原理上不可能实现这种加密隐私保护。在这种情况下,终端不仅能够收集独一无二地和强有力地确定关于个人的数据,比如他们的照片,而且这些数据的本质可能会引入另外威胁,例如,可能会通过数字图象处理技术来危及个人。
在US-A-5,748,763,的58列24行到62列45行中描述了一种用来提高信用卡和借记卡安全性的方法和装置。公开的装置有接收持卡人的数字图象的计算机。在分析数字图象之后,计算机产生通常与该数字图象正交的纯白图象(snowy image)并且将这个纯白图象(snowy image)加于该数字图象以得到修正的、独一无二的图象。预计的效果是“纹理化”原始数字图象。纯白图象(snowy image)本身对于观看图象的个人不需要是不可见的。但是,持卡人的照片不会由于纯白图象(snowy image)而模糊。修正的、独一无二的图象印制在卡片上。而且,独一无二的信息也存储在中央计算网络中。
在隐写的实施例中,纯白图象(snowy image)是隐藏在卡片上人的相片中的图象。关于隐写术更详细的信息可以在美国专利5,613,004和本文引用的参考资料中发现。为了本发明,隐写术可以被认为涉及模糊不同于清晰看到的信息的任何方法。信息存储在另一种媒介中。它用作为另一种可选择的加密方法。例如,电子数据表格或者图形文件可以包含不知道的人不可见的文本消息。甚至信息可以清晰看到,但不知道隐藏信息的人们也不会识别出隐写的隐藏信息的存在。
在上面提及的US-A-5,748,763中,当持卡人想要使用他的卡片进行预定的交易时,例如,从他自己的帐户上为产品自动付款时,扫描器扫描卡片。扫描器连接于中央计算网络。通过保密通信协议,扫描器扫描的卡片上的图象传输到中央网络。中央网络接收传输的数据并且验证卡片上图象的有效性。
可以通过请求持卡人在扫描过程中输入个人身份证号码(PIN)来为已有系统提供附加安全性。而且,可以通过在扫描过程中由第三方核查试图用卡片进行交易的人是否是卡片上的人来提供附加安全性。
US-A-5,748,763公开的系统和方法的缺点是仅当中央网络已经存储了所有加入的卡片专用图像时它才工作。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种不需要中央网络的带识别装置的照片。
因此,本发明提供一种识别装置,所述的装置设置有:
人的照相图象,和
微处理器,
所述的微处理器包括:
处理器,
连接于处理器并且包括验证数据的存储器,和
连接于处理器用来与外部设备进行通信的接口装置;
其中,照相图象包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与验证数据一起允许对照相图象进行验证。
因此,本发明提供一种带有微处理器的识别装置,所述识别装置包括需要验证识别装置上照相图象的验证数据。换句话说,验证照相图象的密钥在识别装置本身中而不是在中央网络中。
这种识别装置可能类似智能卡,比如护照或者塑料识别卡。
在本发明的实施例中,安置有处理器以便执行验证的至少一部分。为达到这种结果,处理器执行最好存储在微处理器的存储器中的程序。
存储在微处理器的存储器中的验证数据可以是识别装置上照相图象的一部分。但是,它也可以是与照相图象相关的数据。例如,它可以与照相图象的灰度等级、密度分布、或者图象的熵相关。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种终端,它与根据本发明的识别装置进行通信,以便允许执行要求的验证过程。
因此本发明的第一个实施例设置有用来与识别装置进行通信的终端,识别装置设置有:
人的照相图象,和
微处理器,
所述的微处理器包括:
处理器,
连接于处理器、并且包括验证数据的存储器,和
连接于处理器、用来与外部设备进行通信的接口装置;
其中照相图象包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与验证数据一起允许对照相图象进行验证。
所述的终端包括:
扫描照相图象并产生图象数据的图象扫描器,
允许与识别装置的处理器进行通信的终端接口,和
准备的图象处理器,它
接收图象数据,
按照预定的图象分析程序分析这些图象数据以便导出隐藏的信息,
从存储器中接收验证数据,和
按照验证数据和隐藏信息执行照相图象的验证的至少一部分。
在第一个实施例中,照相图象的验证由终端中图象处理器部分地或者完全地执行。
需要执行所述验证的步骤在实际中将被存入终端存储器。在本发明的一个实施例中,这些步骤的执行方式取决于从识别装置的存储器中接收的验证数据。这就能够预测由终端执行的实际验证步骤,从而提高了安全性。
但是,也可以在另一个实施例中提高安全性,在所述的实施例中识别装置的处理器本身执行照相图象验证的至少一部分。因此,本发明还提供终端的第二个实施例。第二个实施例的终端能与识别装置进行通信,所述识别装置设置有:
人的照相图象和
微处理器,
所述的微处理器包括:
处理器,
连接于处理器、并且包括验证数据的存储器,和
连接于处理器、用来与外部设备进行通信的接口装置,
其中照相图象包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与验证数据一起允许对照相图象进行验证。
处理器能执行照相图象的验证的至少一部分,
所述的终端包括:
扫描照相图象并产生图象数据的图象扫描器,
允许与识别装置的处理器进行通信的终端接口,和
准备的图象处理器,它
接收图象数据,
按照预定的图象分析程序分析这些图象数据,以便导出隐藏的信息,和
向处理器传输至少部分的隐藏信息,以便允许处理器执行照相图象的验证的至少一部分。
而且,本发明涉及识别装置上照相图象的验证方法,所述的识别装置包括:
人的照相图象和
微处理器,
所述的微处理器包括:
处理器,
连接于处理器、并且包括验证数据的存储器,和
连接于处理器、用来与外部设备进行通信的接口装置;
其中照相图象包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与验证数据一起允许对照相图象进行验证。
所述的方法包括以下步骤:
扫描照相图象并且产生图象数据,
按照预定的图象分析程序分析这些图象数据,以便导出隐藏的信息,和
按照隐藏信息和验证数据执行照相图象的验证。
最后,本发明涉及包括计算机程序的数据载体并且涉及这种方法的计算机程序。
在下文,将参考附图对本发明进行描述,所述的附图要用来示意本发明却又不限定其范围。
附图描述
图1是显示智能卡和终端的根据本发明的系统的示意图。
图2以示意的方式示出了智能卡的微处理器的功能性单元。
图3示意性地示出了信息如何被隐藏在照相图象中。
图4示出了根据本发明的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了有持卡人的照相图象3的智能卡。智能卡1有看起来由金属垫片制成的接口5。但是,接口5可以有其他的形式,例如允许与外部设备进行无连接通信的、隐藏在智能卡1中的天线。
如图2所示,接口5连接于卡片处理器7,卡片处理器7连接于卡片存储器9。
现返回到图1,智能卡1最好有一个或者多个定向标志2,它在扫描照相图象3期间帮助扫描器,如同下文将说明的那样。
可以看到图1示出了一种智能卡1,但是本发明同样可以用于具有持证人的照相图象和要与外部设备进行通信的处理器的其它类型证件。
智能卡1可以插入终端11上的开口14或者从其中抽出。终端11有图象扫描器13和连接器15。
图象扫描器13这样设置:既可以在智能卡1插入开口14期间又可以在智能卡1全部插入开口14之后扫描照相图象3。
当智能卡1整个插入开口14中时,连接器15将与智能卡1的接口5连接。当然,当接口5设计成另一种形式,比如天线时,连接器15将被另外一种用来与接口5进行通信的接口所代替。
图象扫描器13连接于处理器17,而处理器17连接于连接器15,连接器15连接于存储器19。
图1还示出了一些允许操作人员向处理器输入数据的输入装置,诸如鼠标21,和键盘23。与处理器17连接的监视器25允许处理器向操作人员显示必要的信息。当然,除了监视器25之外可以提供任何一种显示装置。
在示于图1终端的另一可供选择实施例中,处理器17作为处理单元设置在扫描器13中。然后,图象扫描器13通过以参考数字16表示的直接链接直接连接于连接器15(或者其它的接口)
图3示意性地示出照相图象3提供有附加信息4。附加信息4加于照相图象3以使其对于人眼是不可见的。而且,附加信息4的尺寸要足够小,以致如果人们不知道附加信息在何处时,它们也不会被自动扫描器可见地检测出。附加信息4通过使用本领域技术人员熟知的隐写技术加于照相图象3。
在图3中,可以看到附加信息4以一定的比例尺放大显示以使其可见,但是在实际中它对于人眼是不可见的。而且,在优选实施例中,信息4单独的圆点分布在整个图象3上以使得更难于发现它们。
附加信息4可以与照相图象3的内容根本没有任何关系。但是,照相图象3在未被印制在智能卡1上之前,可以以这种方式进行预处理:在照相图象3内容的基础上计算附加信息,以使得隐藏在照相图象3中的程度尽可能好。根据本发明,卡片存储器9包括验证数据。这种验证数据的内容与隐藏信息4一起允许对照相图象3进行验证。
按照其最简单的方式,验证数据与隐藏信息4之间有一对一的关系。但是,隐藏信息4可以以隐写处理的形式出现在照相图象3中,例如,可以为其提供隐写签名,以致隐藏信息的有效性仅仅由知道隐写签名密钥的装置来核查。然后,这个密钥存入卡片存储器9。
隐藏信息4能够通过照相照片3的数字化形式来被认可,即使它不完全或者被损坏。隐藏信息可以具有数字水印的形式。
可以按照使用卡片存储器9中隐藏信息4和验证数据的任何一种计算形式来核查隐藏信息的有效性。
如图4所示,为了顾及到验证,持卡人必须向终端11的开口14中插入他或者她的智能卡1。在插入期间或者在插入之后,图象扫描器13扫描照相图象3,同时接口5和15可以相互通信。方向标志2可以帮助图象扫描器13检测在何处搜索隐藏信息4。在步骤30,图象扫描器13处理照相图象3,并且产生发送到处理器17的图象数据。
按照预定程序,处理器数字处理接收的图象数据,以及存储在卡片存储器9中的验证数据。在步骤32,根据最好存储在存储器19中的预定程序,处理器17从照相图象3分离出隐藏信息4,并且在步骤34使用隐藏信息4实现照相图象3的验证。
从智能卡1接收的验证数据可以用任何一种本领域技术人员熟知的隐写装置来保护。另外,数据可以有数字签名。
由处理器17执行的验证处理可以按照从智能卡1接收的验证数据以这样的一种方式来进行:对不同的验证数据执行不同的验证过程。这更增强了安全性。
在可供选择的另一个实施例中,设置有卡片处理器7,而非终端11中的处理器17,以便执行验证过程。最后,它通过终端11接收隐藏信息4。
但是,由于卡片处理器7和其存储器9的能力有限,在实际中,较为可取的是,终端11的处理器17和卡片处理器7都执行验证过程的一部分。例如,卡片处理器7可以执行验证过程的最后验证步骤。
在又一个实施例中,卡片存储器9包含凭证数据,例如,用来指示允许持卡人进行的预定动作,即进入大厦或者某个区域、借记帐目等等。在这种情况下,卡片存储器7最好设置为:仅当其自身的验证过程已经成功执行时,能够将这些凭证数据发射到处理器17。因此,通过接收凭证数据,处理器就被通知由处理器7执行的验证步骤没有发现任何问题。当它没有接收到凭证数据时,处理器7知道验证过程失败。
为进一步增强安全性,存储在卡片存储器9中的验证数据可以与照相图象3自身的一个或者多个特定的或者是一般的特点相关,例如和灰度、密度分布或者图象熵相关。这些参数可以由扫描器13得到,并且它们被发射到处理器17。这些参数由处理器17在验证过程中使用。但是,为了进一步增强安全性,这些参数可以通过处理器17到达在执行其自身的验证步骤期间使用这些参数中的一个或者多个参数的卡片存储器7。
代替图象扫描器13获得这些参数的一个或者多个值,这些参数也可以数字存入照相图象3。在这些参数的数字化数值加于照相图象之前,它们被编码。
在上述的实施例中,示出的终端11包括存储器19。如同本领域的技术人员所清楚的那样,存储器19可以包括任何一种存储器,例如,RAM,ROM,EPROM,EEPROM,等等,或者它们的任何组合。为达到本发明的目的,存储器19不必在物理上位于终端11中。
而且,示出的处理器17是一块。但是,如果有较好的,处理器的实现形式可以是:多个子处理器之间相互通信致力于执行预定的任务。较可取的是,处理器17(或者子处理器)以带有合适的软件的计算机的形式来实现。但是,如果需要,它们可以由专用数字电路的形式来实现。
根据本发明的方法最好由合适的软件来实现。这种软件可以由诸如CDROM之类的数据载体来分发,或者通过因特网或者其它的数据通信媒介来分发。
Claims (11)
1.一种识别装置(1),设置有:
人的照相图象(3)和
微处理器(8),
所述的微处理器(8)包括:
处理器(7),
连接于处理器(7)、并且包含验证数据的存储器(9),
连接于所述处理器(7)、用来与外部设备进行通信的接口装置(5),
其中所述照相图象(3)包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与所述的验证数据一起允许对所述照相图象(3)进行验证,所述处理器(7)被安排成执行至少一部分的所述验证,其特征在于,所述存储器(9)包括凭证数据,所述微处理器(8)被安排成仅当所述处理器(7)已经成功地执行所述至少一部分的所述验证时,传送所述的凭证数据至所述外部设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的识别装置(1),其特征在于所述识别装置(1)是以下项目组中的一个:护照和塑料识别卡。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的识别装置(1),其特征在于所述隐藏信息有加密签名。
4.根据权利要求1所述的识别装置(1),其特征在于所述验证数据至少部分地与照相图象(3)的特征相关。
5.根据权利要求1所述的识别装置(1),其特征在于所述隐藏信息与照相图象(3)的特征相关。
6.根据权利要求4或5中所述的识别装置(1),其特征在于所述特征是下面特征集合中的至少一个:灰级,密度分布,和图象熵。
7.一种与识别装置(1)进行通信的终端(11),所述识别装置(1)设置有:
人的照相图象(3)和
微处理器(8),
所述微处理器(8)包括:
处理器(7),
连接于处理器(7)、并且包括验证数据的存储器(9),
连接于所述处理器(7)、用来与终端(11)通信的接口装置(5),
其中所述照相图象(3)包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与所述验证数据一起允许对所述照相图象(3)进行验证,所述处理器(7)被安排成执行至少一部分的所述照相图象(3)的所述验证,并且所述存储器(9)包括凭证数据,
所述终端包括:
扫描照相图象(3)并且产生图象数据的图象扫描器(13),
允许与所述识别装置(1)的所述处理器(7)通信的终端接口(15),和
图象处理器(17),被安排成:
接收所述图象数据,
按照预定的图象分析程序分析这些图象数据,以得到所述隐藏信息,
从所述存储器(9)接收所述验证数据,以及
基于所述验证数据和所述隐藏信息执行至少一部分所述照相图象(3)的所述验证,
此外,图象处理器(17)还被安排成:
从所述处理器(7)接收所述凭证数据,以及
如果已收到所述凭证数据,则确定所述处理器(7)执行的认证已经成功。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种终端,其特征在于所述验证包括存储在终端存储器(19)中的一组预定步骤,执行所述步骤的方式取决于从所述识别装置(1)的所述存储器(9)接收的所述验证数据。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的一种终端,其特征在于所述终端具有用于接收所述识别装置(1)的开口(14),所述图象扫描器(13)和所述终端接口(15)都位于所述开口(14)中。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的一种终端,其特征在于所述图象处理器(17)集成在所述图象扫描器(13)中。
11.一种验证识别装置(1)上照相图象(3)的方法,所述识别装置(1)设置有:
人的照相图象(3)和
微处理器(8),
所述的微处理器(8)包括:
处理器(7),
连接于处理器(7)、并且包括验证数据的存储器(9),
连接于所述处理器(7),用来与外部设备进行通信的接口装置(5),
其中所述照相图象(3)包括隐写的隐藏信息,其内容与所述的验证数据一起允许对所述照相图象(3)进行验证,所述存储器(9)包括凭证数据,
所述方法包括以下步骤:
扫描照相图象(3)并且产生图象数据,
按照预定的图象分析程序分析这些图象数据,以获得所述隐藏信息,以及
基于所述验证数据和所述隐藏信息执行所述照相图象(3)的所述验证,所述验证至少部分地由所述处理器(7)执行,
仅当所述处理器已成功执行了所述至少一部分的所述验证时,所述微处理器(8)向所述外部设备传送所述凭证数据。
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PCT/NL1999/000749 WO2001043080A1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 1999-12-07 | Secure photo carrying identification device, as well as means and method for authenticating such an identification device |
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- 1999-12-07 BR BR9917573-8A patent/BR9917573A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-07 DE DE69932643T patent/DE69932643T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-07 WO PCT/NL1999/000749 patent/WO2001043080A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-07 IL IL15005099A patent/IL150050A0/xx unknown
- 1999-12-07 AU AU15867/00A patent/AU777437B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-12-07 US US10/148,830 patent/US6883716B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-07 CN CN998170879A patent/CN1398385B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-07 CA CA002393642A patent/CA2393642A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-07 EP EP99958516A patent/EP1236181B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106233331A (zh) * | 2014-02-24 | 2016-12-14 | 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 | 使用辅助图像对主图像进行解码 |
CN106233331B (zh) * | 2014-02-24 | 2019-11-29 | 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 | 使用辅助图像对主图像进行解码的介质、计算设备和方法 |
Also Published As
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JP4824240B2 (ja) | 2011-11-30 |
IL150050A0 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
EP1236181A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
KR20020081218A (ko) | 2002-10-26 |
AU1586700A (en) | 2001-06-18 |
CA2393642A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
AU777437B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
WO2001043080A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
KR100699236B1 (ko) | 2007-03-27 |
US20050077351A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
US7273169B2 (en) | 2007-09-25 |
JP2003516572A (ja) | 2003-05-13 |
CN1398385A (zh) | 2003-02-19 |
EP1236181B1 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
DE69932643T2 (de) | 2007-04-05 |
US6883716B1 (en) | 2005-04-26 |
DE69932643D1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
BR9917573A (pt) | 2002-08-06 |
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