CN1382094A - 气动输送 - Google Patents

气动输送 Download PDF

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CN1382094A
CN1382094A CN00811683A CN00811683A CN1382094A CN 1382094 A CN1382094 A CN 1382094A CN 00811683 A CN00811683 A CN 00811683A CN 00811683 A CN00811683 A CN 00811683A CN 1382094 A CN1382094 A CN 1382094A
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B·斯诺顿
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Abstract

描述了输送非自由流动的糊浆状物的方法,此方法包括将该糊浆状物装入容器内并给该容器施加压缩气体以促致此物料从容器中流出。还描述了用以沿管道输送稠重糊浆形式物料的设备。

Description

气动输送
本发明涉及物料的气动输送，特别涉及到通常难以移动和处理的稠重糊浆形式物料的输送。
本发明所涉的这类物料的例子见于石油勘探工业中。在钻探油井时，钻井作业中产生的钻屑将被带到钻井平台上。对于大部分的钻井作业，要将一类特殊的油作为润滑剂向下压送到钻头上。向上到钻井平台上的这种被油污染的物料直到最近都曾卸排到海中。出于环境的原因，这样的处置方式已不再允许，这类物料现在已运送到岸进行处理。
在钻井装置上，被油污染的钻屑经过筛分，分出高比例的油重新用于钻井装置。仍被部分油污染的钻屑则以很稠的重糊浆形式运到岸上。通常，这类物料被放到约10吨容量的专用吊货箱内，再由起重机从钻塔装载到供料船上。这在恶劣天气下是困难而危险的作业，且费力大和花费高。
我们现在意外地发现了一种运送稠重糊浆状物料例如钻屑的新颖方法，而这类物料在过去据认为不能由此种方法运送的。
因此，本发明根据的是这样一项意外发现，即能够从相对大的容器中通过气动输送来运送稠重糊浆形式的物料。而在此之前则认为气动输送系统只适用于输送相对自由流动的物料或输送小批量的湿粘物料。
这样，依据本发明就提供了一种输送非自由流动的糊浆状物料的方法，此方法包括将这种糊浆状物料装入可运送的容器中，然后对此容器施加压缩气体以使该物料从此容器中流出。
这种非自由流动的糊浆可以是稠的和/或重的糊浆状物料或粘土类的物料例如钻井装置的钻屑。
因此该可运送的容器优选为兼具存储与气动输送的容器。
该压缩气体优选为压缩空气，这是由于其相对价廉，当然在特定情形下也可使用惰性气体，如压缩的氮气。
此容器设有入口与出口，以使容器能通过入口进行加料。出口则最好与通向物料最终欲达的目的地的管道连接。
在优选实施例中，本发明的方法还包括有将至少已部分充填有该物料的容器从其充填站运送到排出站的步骤。在排出站，将压缩空气加到容器内部以使物料从容器中送出而到达其目的地。
这种容器优选地包括锥形的料斗部，此料斗部至少在排料期间形成容器的下部部段。在另一优选实施例中，此下部的锥形料斗部成为此容器的出口端。
由于本发明方法中所处理物料的性质，有可能使容器中的物料不能完全流出。这是由于在排料期间所发生的这种流动是称之为芯料流或漏斗状流的形式的流动。当这类流动发生时，正好在出口上方的物料便通过出口例如出口阀落下，从而在出口的直上方形成下落的物料芯。但是对于粘性的物料，在此料芯周围的物料不会移动，随着此芯料的下落，物料的顶面上便出现凹陷，而此凹陷周围的物料便落到此料芯内。在粘稠物料的情形中，芯料周围的物料就有可能在容器内。
业已发现，即使对于与本发明有关的这类物料，通过改变此容器下部的锥形部分的锥角也能改变物料流出容器时流动的性质。如果将此包含的锥角改变到低于某个值或低于临界值，则此种流动便从芯料流改变到所谓的质量流。在质量流的情形中，此物料以团块形式均匀地落向出口而使所有物料移动。因此，结合设计成能实现质量流的容器和在物料的表面上方施加压缩气体，就能将容器内的物料推送过出口而完全排空此容器。
周知此临界的锥角将随所输送的物料而变化，这是本技术领域的普通技术人员所充分明白的。
本方法中用于此容器内的压力也可根据物料的性质而改变。但我们发现，适用的压力为4～8bar。
在本发明的一种实施例中，所述钻屑装入第一个相对较小的能够加压的容器中，该物料在压力下从此容器内经管道送至另外的一或多个也能加压的容器中。这些所述另外的容器可以运送到进行排放物料的位置处，或可使所述另外的容器保持于其原始位置而将物料排送到本身可以运至目的地的又一些另外的容器中。
本发明还提供了用来输送稠重糊浆形式的物料的设备，此设备包括能被压缩气体加压的容器，该容器具有物料入口、物料出口和与该物料出口连接的管道，此设备还具有用来将物料经该入口装入该容器内的装置以及将压缩气体供应给该容器促使物料经该出口并沿该管道流出的供气装置。
常规所知的压力容器预期能经受的最大压力为2bar。而在优选实施形式中，本发明的设备包括可由加压气体加压到4～8bar的容器。
附图说明
图1是本发明的第一方法的作业的正视图；
图2是图1的平面图；
图3是本发明的第二方法的作业的正视图；
图4是图3的平面图；
图5是图1所示的方法的作业的继续部分的正视图；
图6是图3所示的方法的作业的继续部分的正视图；
图7详细示出了可用于本发明方法中的标准ISO(国际标准化组织)箱尺寸的容器；
图8示出了两个具有ISO箱尺寸的容器的组件；
图9示出了具有可用于本发明方法中的容器的石油钻井供应船；
图10示出了具有用于本发明方法中的容器的石油钻井供应船的另一实施形式。
具体实施方式
下面只是以举例方式并参考附图来说明本发明的实施例。
参看附图1，近海石油钻井装置1在其平台3上的压力容器5中装载有钻井过程产生的筛分过的钻屑。该压力容器5包括在上部的物料入口和下部的物料出口以及用于将压缩空气供应到容器内的装置。此物料入口包括有类似GB-A-1 539 079中所述的阀门组件，此整个容器类似于ClydeMaterials Handling Limited(Clyde)所制造和出售的容器。
作业中，包括此压力容器5在内的气动输送系统执行一个由压力容器装料和排料的周期。在此周期开始，物料入口阀(在Clyde系统中，此阀包括一部分球形的封闭件)是关闭的。打开通风阀以使容器压力与环境空气的均衡。开启入口阀，钻屑/油混合物被送入此加压的容器内。打开通风阀以从容器中放出被排出的空气。当此压力容器充满时，关闭入口阀。并且关闭通风阀，此时的容器被密封。再打开空气入口阀，此物料即以半固体的条状沿管道7输送。
如图1所示，管道7从加压的容器5下方的位置延伸到箱组件9上方的高位置处。组件9包括三个ISO(国际标准化组织)箱尺寸的位于支承框架13内的容器11(在其他实施例中，此箱组件可以包括异于三个的多个容器11)。管道7延伸到箱组件9之上，同时具有向下延伸的通入各个箱11的入口内的支管。
各个箱11具有在下部的锥形料斗部15，在此料斗部15最低点处设有阀入口17，借助此阀入口17可使箱11内的物料经管道19排送到一软管接头管21。
装备有另外的箱组件25的供应船23可以驶近石油钻井装置1。上述管道19在软管接头管21处连接一挠性软管27。挠性软管27在其另一端则连接一位于船23上的注入管29。注入管29从船23的后面通向箱组件25上方的位置，来自管29的支管则向下延伸到形成箱组件25一部分的各个箱31的入口。
如图2所示，还可以有另外的压力容器如容器33用于将钻屑/油混合物供应给箱组件9。
参看附图3与4，其中所示布置大致与上述参考图1与2所示的布置类似。但在此是将钻屑/油混合物从位于石油钻井平台3上的箱组件9中送出。有一箱组件41位于船23上，其中的各个箱排列成以其纵轴水平地延伸而不是如图1实施例那样垂直地延伸。供料管29再次延伸到箱组件41上方的位置，并具有支管43向下延伸到位于此箱一侧的各个箱的入口内。
从图4可以更清楚地看到，事实上有两套箱组件41，每套组件设有一可与挠性软管27连接的供料管29。
参看附图5，其中示明了上述参考图1与2所述本发明方法的第一阶段。在对船23上的箱25加料之后，此船便移向到岸进行卸料过程。从各个箱25的出口17延伸出排料管51。此管27可以连接一软管53，该软管53从位于船23上的连接点55延伸到位于陆地上的另一连接点57。从连接点57延伸出一通向大型箱61上方高位处的管59。管59连接到箱61上部的入口63。箱61的形状与箱25大致相似，并具有在下部的锥形部65。当有需要时，可将装入箱61内的物料经下部出口67排出。
将钻屑/油混合物从箱25送到大型箱61的过程涉及的气动输送方法类似于上述关于从压力容器5将物料输送到箱11的输送方法。
参看附图6，其中示明了上述参考图3与4所述方法的另一阶段。供应船23在其箱31中已装有物料后从石油钻井装置1移到岸。停泊妥后，由起重机71将箱31从船23上提运到运输车辆73上。
参看附图7，其中所示的ISO箱尺寸的输送容器31位于支承框架81内，并按其纵轴线水平布置(图7a与7b)或其纵轴线垂直布置(图7c)的方式放置。容器31具有部分球形的上端83、圆柱形主体段85和下部锥形段87。在锥形段87的最下端，此容器设有排出阀89。
参看附图8，其中所示的箱组件91包括都位于支承框架95上的各个箱93。注入管97经阀99伸入各个箱内，在此如果合适支管101也可伸入，箱的入口位于箱的上端83。伸入各个箱93上端内的还有带有阀105的压缩空气管线103。可以将任意多个箱按此方式与一公用的物料注入管和一公用的物料排卸管相连。
带有管107并与其相连接的排出阀89处于每个箱93的下端，如果适合，管107可通过支管109与排出阀89连接。为了排空通过管97充填的容器，将阀99关闭，打开阀89，压缩空气经空气管线103供应给容器。在此压缩空气的压力下将钻屑/油混合物从箱93中强制送出并进入管107。由于箱93的锥形段或料斗段的锥角小于某一值，从箱93中流出的物料流动即属于称为质量流的类型，该流动导致所在的物料均匀地从箱中排出。
参看附图9，其中正视图(图9a)和平面图(图9b)均示明一供应船，此供应船装配有延伸通过此船甲板的大型输送容器111。这种布置形式可以支撑上千吨的钻屑/油混合物，而此混合物通过气压从容器送至岸基的存储箱中。该输送容器111所具的锥角使得发生质量流，同时该容器以类似于图8中的组件的方式工作。
参看附图10，其中以正视图(图10a)与平面图(图10b)示明供应船的另一实施例。此时的船是用于输送装配到20英尺ISO箱框架的外壳内的箱113。
采用ISO箱形容器能使供应船在基本不变的形式下使用。本发明的涉及采用ISO箱形容器的方法可以依不同的方式操作。
在本发明的一种实施例中，由钻探设备起重机将多个ISO箱形容器提升到钻井装置之上。这些容器竖立地设在装备有排出管道的支承框架上，这些存储容器按直线排列组装，各个容器可以存储约20吨的钻屑/油。采用加压的容器5(参看图1)将钻屑/油从筛网或离心机传送到ISO输送容器中，然后用这些容器将其存储的物料按结合图1所述的方式传送到供应船上。
本方法的优点是于钻机上可有缓冲储存，从而得以在供应船没出现时进行钻探。此外，要是与只用标准的气动输送系统(例如Clyde系统)可能做到的相比，则从钻机运送出的输送速率会高得多。
应用ISO箱形容器的另一实施例涉及将这类容器用到供应船上。可将三十或四十个这类容器竖立放置并一起连接形成稳定的结构，可于其中运送400或500吨的钻屑，如图10所示。当这些容器回到港口时，可将箱形容器内的物料由气动力输送到岸上。或者可用起动机将这些容器提升，转至水平取向并装载到标准的ISO箱用运输车辆上。适当时，也可将箱式容器按通行的摞箱方式堆叠到码头区。当这些容器被加工厂接收时，它们是竖立放置并用作输送容器将钻屑/油运至其目的地。
在本发明的又一实施例中。钻屑/油混合物是大量地存储于半潜式石油钻井装置或钻井平台的支柱中。这些支柱的直径通常为15m。位于这些支柱之内并按前述相同的原理工作的加压的容器将存储这种钻屑/油混合物，然后其用作气动输送容器将此种物料传送到供应船上。
对于某些种类的钻屑，必需或需要在压力容器内设置低摩擦的内衬。如上所述这种内衬可以结合质量流的锥角使用，以帮助从压力容器的内表面上将钻屑排出。

Claims (22)

1.一种输送非自由流动的糊浆状物的方法，其包括将该糊浆状物装入容器内并且将压缩气体施加到该容器中以促使该物料流出该容器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述压缩气体是压缩空气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器设有入口与出口，使得通过该入口装填该容器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器具有锥形出口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述出口与通向物料的最终欲达的目的地的管道连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述糊浆状物是由油井碎屑产生出的糊浆。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括下述步骤：
(i)从充填站将非自由流动的糊浆物至少部分地充填到容器内；
(ii)将该容器运送到排料站；和
(iii)在该排料站，将压缩气体施加到该容器内将该物料从该容器中输送至其目的地。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器包括锥形料斗部，该锥形料斗部至少在排出所述物料期间形成该容器的下部。
9.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述下部的锥形料斗部是该容器的出口端。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述锥角小于为实现质量流所需的临界值。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，将压缩气体施加到所述糊浆状物的表面。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器适合于装配在ISO箱框架内。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述钻屑装载到第一相对较小的容器内，该容器可以被加压，以使所述物料在压力下从该容器中经管道送至一或多个另外的也可被加压的容器内，上述另外的容器可运送到进行该物料排放的位置。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述钻屑装载到第一相对较小的容器内，该容器可以被加压，以便所述物料在压力下从该容器中经管道送至一或多个另外的保持在其原始位置的容器内，而该物料再从这些另外的容器中排送到本身可以运至目的地的又一些另外的容器中。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器是以水平位置运送。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述容器是从上述水平位置转过至少90°，以确保在排料时该容器的中心线为垂直的。
17.一种用于输送稠重糊浆形式物料的设备，该设备包括能被液压流体加压的容器，上述容器具有物料入口、物料出口和连接上述物料出口的管道；还包括用来将物料通过上述入口装入上述容器的装置以及用来将压缩气体供给到所述容器以促使物料从该容器中通过上述出口并沿上述管道流出的气体供应装置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的设备，其特征在于，所述容器具有作为存储装置或料斗的合适尺寸与形状。
19.一种用于根据权利要求18中所述设备的容器，其特征在于，该容器适合于经受4～8bar的压力。
20.根据权利要求19所述的容器，其特征在于，该容器装入ISO箱框架内。
21.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的方法或设备中的按照 19所述的一个或多个容器的使用。
22.一种大体上如参照附图所描述的方法或设备。
CNB008116830A 1999-06-16 2000-06-14 气动输送非自由流动的糊浆状物的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1201986C (zh)

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CN102216556A (zh) * 2007-10-24 2011-10-12 M-I有限公司 运输罐的船安装框架
CN102216556B (zh) * 2007-10-24 2015-10-14 M-I有限公司 运输罐的船安装框架

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