CN1379792A - 聚酯、聚醚嵌段共聚物 - Google Patents
聚酯、聚醚嵌段共聚物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1379792A CN1379792A CN00814236A CN00814236A CN1379792A CN 1379792 A CN1379792 A CN 1379792A CN 00814236 A CN00814236 A CN 00814236A CN 00814236 A CN00814236 A CN 00814236A CN 1379792 A CN1379792 A CN 1379792A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyester
- block copolymer
- polyether block
- polyesterols
- radical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 halogen ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCO SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YPJKMVATUPSWOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrooxidanyl Chemical compound [O][N+]([O-])=O YPJKMVATUPSWOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 57
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005815 base catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 2,3-bis[[(z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical group CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSONLRWFEVQLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)oxirane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)CC1CO1 RSONLRWFEVQLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LXVAZSIZYQIZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nonyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1CO1 LXVAZSIZYQIZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
可通过将烯化氧催化加成到含氢官能团的引发剂物质上制备聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中聚酯醇用作含氢官能团的引发剂物质和多金属氰化物化合物用作催化剂。
Description
本发明涉及含羟基的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物、其制备和特别是在制备聚氨酯中的应用。
聚氨酯被大量生产。通常是通过使多异氰酸酯与对异氰酸酯基团呈活性的含有至少两个氢原子的化合物(特别是聚醚醇和/或聚酯醇)反应来制备聚氨酯。对于各种应用来说,将醚基和酯基二者聚合到聚氨酯中是有利的。然而,由于聚醚醇和聚酯醇相互不相容,因此在聚氨酯的配方中不可能容易地将这两种化合物在一起使用。克服这一不利的一种可能的方式是使用在同一分子中具有这两个基团的多元醇。EP-A-671 424公开了通过使聚醚醇与多官能团的羧酸反应,制备含有醚基和酯基的多元醇的方法。然而,该方法的不利在于甚至在制备过程中,粘度大大地升高以及所形成的产品的粘度高和分子量高。
目前,通用的通过碱催化或酸催化的烯化氧的加成制备聚醚醇的方法仅仅可在采用对所使用的碱(通常是氢氧化钾)或路易斯酸稳定的引发剂物质下进行。通用的引发剂物质是,例如甘油、糖和二元醇。由于聚酯醇类的酯键对所使用的碱和酸不稳定,它们不能用作引发剂物质。
在聚酯醇上碱催化或酸催化的烯化氧加成会导致聚酯醇链的解离和导致聚酯多元醇恰好皂化回其起始的成分,亦即在随后的烯化氧的加成中不可能得到所需的嵌段结构。以该方式形成的聚酯-聚醚多元醇的解离产物难以再生且不具有确定的嵌段结构。
本发明的目的是提供其中在同一分子中具有醚基和酯基二者的多元醇,可通过简单的方法制备所述多元醇,且没有聚醚醇与多官能团羧酸的反应产物的缺陷。
我们已发现通过在使用聚酯醇作为引发剂物质的烯化氧的聚合中使用多金属的氰化物(通常称为DMC催化剂)可达到该目的。在这些条件下不发生聚酯醇中酯基的解离。
本发明从而提供了聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中通过将烯化氧催化加成到H-官能的引发剂物质上可制备该聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中使用聚酯醇作为氢官能团的引发剂物质和多金属的氰化物化合物用作催化剂。以该方式得到的产物优选含有羟基。
本发明另外提供了制备聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的方法和提供了其在通过与多异氰酸酯反应制备聚氨酯中的应用。
令人惊奇地,通过使用多金属氰化物催化剂,将烯化氧加成到聚酯醇上可成功地制备本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,而没有发生聚酯醇的再解离和其它副反应。本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的分子量分布窄,且不饱和组分的含量低。
可通过用于此目的的常用方法制备用作制备聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物用的起始材料的聚酯醇。
通常可通过至少双官能团的羧酸与至少双官能团的醇的缩聚制备用作制备本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物用的起始材料的聚酯醇。也可通过酯族、环脂族、芳脂族和/或芳族羧酸的衍生物与脂族、环脂族、芳脂族和/或芳族醇的缩聚或加聚反应制备聚酯醇。
作为羧酸衍生物,优选使用具有至少两个羧酸基团的化合物,如马来酸、富马酸、丙二酸、己二酸、戊二酸、琥珀酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、1,3,5-苯三酸和/或其酸酐和/或其酰氯。
作为醇,优选使用具有至少两个羟基的化合物,如丁二醇、新戊二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、甘油、乙二醇和其高级同系物(如二乙二醇和三乙二醇)、丙二醇和其高级同系物(如二丙二醇和三丙二醇)。
同样可使羟基羧酸和/或其衍生物(如内酯)与其自身和/或与上述羧酸衍生物和/或醇反应。可涉及的实例是羟基乙酸、乳酸、羟基丙酸、羟基丁酸和羟基戊酸。
特别优选用作引发剂物质的聚酯醇是基于己二酸和/或邻苯二甲酸酐和单乙二醇、二乙二醇和/或三乙二醇、单丙二醇和/或二丙二醇和/或三丙二醇的那些。
除了所涉及的酸之外,同样可使用脂肪酸的衍生物,特别是二聚脂肪酸的衍生物(例如UNICHEMA销售的名称为Pripol)、基于蓖麻油和多羟基脂肪酸的衍生物(如来自Harburger Fettchemie的多羟基脂肪酸PHF110)。α,β-不饱和羧酸,特别是羟基官能化的α,β-不饱和羧酸也是合适的。
除了直接反应外,酯化反应或酯交换反应的改进方法也是已知的。
视所需,在合成中也可少量使用单官能团的醇或羧酸。
另外,视所需,羧酸和醇可带有另外的官能团(如烷基、芳基、氨基、磺酸酯、硫、磷酸酯或丙烯酸酯基团)。
优选醇与游离羧酸的反应来制备聚酯醇。通常在大气压或低于大气压之下,在140-250℃下进行缩聚反应。视所需,优选使用酸、路易斯酸和金属盐,特别是含钛和/或含锡的酯化催化剂(例如钛酸正丁酯、辛酸亚锡(II)或二月桂酸锡)催化反应。优选蒸馏掉反应中的水,直到反应混合物的酸值<10mg KOH/g,特别优选<3mg KOH/g和尤其是<1mg KOH/g。由于多余的酸基与烯化氧反应,所以原则上也可使用具有较高酸值数的聚酯醇。在另一实施方案中,为了防止由于氧化产物引起的产品变色,可在惰性气体(如氮气或氩气)下进行反应。取决于预期的聚酯多元醇的应用,它们的羟值为0.5-500mg KOH/g,优选10-400mg KOH/g,和尤其是30-300mg KOH/g。
制备聚酯醇和其在制备聚氨酯,尤其是聚氨酯泡沫体中的应用的综述见,例如Dr.G.Oertel(Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich)编辑的Kunststoff-Handbuch,VII卷“聚氨酯(polyurethane)”,第3版1993年。
若本发明的聚酯醇-聚醚嵌段共聚物待用于制备柔性聚氨酯泡沫体,则特别优选使用在25℃下粘度在1000-40000mPa*s范围内的聚酯醇,尤其使用基于丙二醇和/或乙二醇和/或其高级同系物的聚酯醇来制备它们。
通过使用多金属氰化物催化剂,将烯化氧加成到聚酯醇上进行本发明聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的制备。
作为烯化氧,可使用,例如环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷(氧化丙烯)、1,2-甲基-1,2-环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、2,3-环氧丁烷(氧化丁烯)、3-甲基-1,2-环氧丁烷、1,2-环氧戊烷、3-甲基-1,2-环氧戊烷、1,2-环氧己烷、1,2-环氧庚烷、1,2-环氧辛烷、1,2-环氧壬烷、1,2-环氧癸烷、1,2-环氧十一烷、1,2-环氧十二烷、氧化苯乙烯、1,2-环氧环戊烷、1,2-环氧环己烷、(2,3-环氧丙基)苯、乙烯基环氧乙烷、3-苯氧基-1,2-环氧丙烷、2,3-环氧丙基甲醚、2,3-环氧丙基乙醚、2,3-环氧丙基异丙基醚、2,3-环氧基-1-丙醇、硬脂酸3,4-环氧丁基酯、醋酸4,5-环氧戊基酯、甲基丙烯酸2,3-环氧丙基酯、丙烯酸2,3-环氧丙基酯、丁酸缩水甘油酯、缩水甘油酸甲酯、2,3-环氧丁酸乙酯、4-(三甲代甲硅烷基)丁烷1,2-环氧化物、4-(三乙代甲硅烷基)丁烷1,2-环氧化物、3-(全氟代甲基)环氧丙烷、3-(全氟代乙基)环氧丙烷、3-(全氟代丁基)环氧丙烷、4-(2,3-环氧丙基)吗啉、1-(环氧乙烷-2-基甲基)2-吡咯烷酮,也可使用任何这些的混合物。
优选使用环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷及其混合物。
可分别按嵌段的形式,和当使用不止两种不同的烯化氧时,可以以任何混合比作为混合的嵌段加入烯化氧。另外,在合成过程中,可间断或连续地改变烯化氧的混合比。
所使用的多金属氰化物催化剂通常是分子式(I)中之一,
M1 a[M2(CN)b(A)c]d·fM1gXn·h(H2O)·eL (I)
其中
M1是选自Zn2+,Fe2+,Co3+,Ni2+,Mn2+,Co2+,Sn2+,Pb2+,Mo4+,Mo6+,Al3+,V4+,V5+,Sr2+,W4+,W6+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Cd2+的金属离子,
M2是选自Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Co3+,Mn2+,Mn3+,V4+,V5+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Rh3+,Ru2+,Ir3+的金属离子,
和M1和M2相同或不同,
A是选自卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根的阴离子,
X是选自卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根的阴离子,
L是选自醇、醛、酮、醚、聚醚、酯、脲、酰胺、腈和硫醚的与水混溶的配体,
选择a,b,c,d,g和n,从而使化合物呈电中性,和
e是配体的配位数,
f是大于或等于0的分数或整数,
h是大于或等于0的分数或整数,
通过常用的方法,通过使水溶性金属盐的含水溶液与六氰金属化合物,尤其是盐或酸混合,和在溶液混合期间或之后向其中加入水溶性配体,从而制备这些化合物。
为了制备本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,首先将聚酯醇与催化剂混合,接着将烯化氧或烯化氧的混合物计量入聚酯醇/催化剂混合物中。为了改进在相对高粘度的聚酯中烯化氧的混溶性,从而改进烷氧化,可视需要向反应混合物中加入溶剂如甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、丙酮、2-甲基戊酮、环己酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲基甲酰胺。
优选在1-20bar,尤其是2-10bar的压力下,和在60-150℃,尤其是80-130℃的温度下进行聚酯醇与烯化氧的反应。还优选在保护气体氛围下,尤其是在氮气和/或氩气氛围下进行制备。在烯化氧的滴加完成之后,为了达到烯化氧的完全转化,通常接下来进行后反应步骤。然后完成聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的制备。
可通过本领域技术人员公知的各种方法(例如蒸馏、通过薄膜蒸发器的后处理或用氮气和/或蒸汽汽提)除去次要组分如未反应的单体和挥发性化合物。
视需要,可通过本领域技术人员公知的各种方法(例如离心或过滤)从反应混合物中除去悬浮的材料和固体。
对于本发明的聚酯-聚醚共聚物的某些应用来说,还可在最终产品中保留催化剂。
优选使用聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物用于制备聚氨酯,尤其是刚性聚氨酯泡沫体、柔性聚氨酯泡沫体和热塑性聚氨酯。使用本身已知的方法通过使多元醇与多异氰酸酯反应制备聚氨酯。视聚氨酯所需的性能而定,可或单独使用本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物或将其与对异氰酸根呈活性的含有至少两个氢原子的其它化合物一起使用。对异氰酸根呈活性的含有至少两个氢原子的化合物,在与异氰酸酯的反应中可与聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物一起反应,该化合物包括聚醚醇、聚酯醇和,视所需分子量在62-1000g/mol范围内的双官能团或多官能团醇和胺,即增链剂和交联剂。另外,可使用催化剂、发泡剂和通用的助剂和/或添加剂。
在例如Dr.G.Oertel(Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich)编辑的Kunststoff-Handbuch,VII卷“聚氨酯(polyurethane)”,第3版1993年中公开了用于制备聚氨酯的这些化合物和方法。
令人惊奇地发现,本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物增强了聚酯醇与聚醚醇的相容性。聚酯醇和聚醚醇的混合物通常分离成不同相,因此在工业上极少加工这种混合物。分层导致泡沫体不均匀,例如在相界面处形成条纹和产生龟裂。这种泡沫体是不可应用的。令人惊奇地,若另外使用至少一种聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物作为相增容剂,则聚酯醇和聚醚醇的混合物是稳定的,不发生相分离。这种混合物是均匀的,可毫无问题地加工成聚氨酯。特别在制备柔性聚氨酯泡沫体中,使用这种混合物得到非常均匀和微细泡孔的泡沫体。
另外,使用本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物所制备的泡沫体可通常容易地进行火焰层合。
另外,也可在聚氨酯化学之外使用本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物。可能的应用领域是作为树脂(如环氧树脂和聚酯树脂)中的交联剂组分、作为表面活性剂或在聚合物混合物中作为相增容剂。也可将本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物用作热塑性聚合物。此处优选使用其中分子中没有自由官能团的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物。
而且,可通过与另外的化合物,例如通过与表氯醇和α,β-不饱和化合物(如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸)反应,将本发明的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物功能化。
可用本领域技术人员公知的各种方法交联用α,β-不饱和化合物[干燥的]功能化的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物。
实施例-制备聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物
实施例1:制备聚酯醇A
在搅拌的实验室反应器中,将216g单丙二醇(2.84mol)与377g己二酸(2.58mol)混合,并加热到130℃直到反应混合物完全液化。在进一步加热反应混合物到200℃的同时,在大气压下通过蒸馏除去93ml反应产生的水。接着加入10ppm作为催化剂的钛酸正丁酯。在酸值小于2mg KOH/g时终止反应。所形成的透明的聚酯醇A具有以下性能:
羟值=55.3mg KOH/g
酸值=1.83mg KOH/g
粘度=1060mPa.s(75℃下)
水含量=0.039%
实施例2:制备聚酯醇B
在搅拌的实验室反应器中,将798g二乙二醇(7.53mol)与897g己二酸(6.14mol)混合,并加热到130℃直到反应混合物完全液化。在进一步加热反应混合物到200℃的同时,在大气压下通过蒸馏除去197ml反应产生的水。接着加入10ppm作为催化剂的钛酸正丁酯。在酸值小于2mg KOH/g时终止反应。所形成的透明的聚酯醇B具有以下性能:
羟值=227mg KOH/g
酸值=0.35mg KOH/g
粘度=60mPa.s(75℃下)
水含量=0.024%
实施例3:制备DMC催化剂
将479.3g醋酸锌含水溶液(13.38g醋酸锌二水合物和2.2gPluronic PE 6200(BASF Aktiengesellschaft)溶于150g水)加热到50℃。接着在搅拌的同时(螺杆搅拌器,搅拌器的输入功率:1W/l),经20分钟计量入六氰钴酸的含水溶液(钴含量:9g/l,1.5%重量基于六氰钴酸溶液的Pluronic PE 6200)。滴加完六氰钴酸之后,在50℃下再搅拌混合物5分钟,随后经1小时降温到40℃。
通过压滤器从液体中分离沉淀的固体并用水洗涤。
随后将湿的滤饼分散在充足的水中,得到5%(重量)强度的多金属氰化物悬浮液。
实施例4:制备聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物
在250ml搅拌高压釜中,将2.0g实施例3中所描述的DMC催化剂在110℃下分散在130g聚酯醇A中。接着在3mbar下将该悬浮液抽真空2小时。随后借助10bar氮气压力使反应混合物呈惰性。在0.5bar氮气和130℃温度的高压釜压力下,接着使用10bar的氮气进气压力,经5分钟加入70g环氧丙烷。2小时后,在5mbar的减压和100℃的温度下使反应混合物排气,随后通过过滤完成制备。所得到的产品具有以下性能:
羟值=35.9mg KOH/g
酸值=0.1mg KOH/g
粘度=750mPa.s(75℃下)
Mw=3100g/mol
实施例5:制备聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物
在250ml搅拌高压釜中,将1.0g实施例3中所描述的DMC催化剂在110℃下分散在130g聚酯醇B中。接着在3mbar下将该悬浮液抽真空2小时。随后借助10bar氮气压力使反应混合物呈惰性。接着在130℃下加入70g环氧丙烷。3小时后,在4mbar的减压和90℃的温度下使反应混合物排气。所得到的产品具有以下性能:
羟值=148.1mg KOH/g
酸值=0.2mg KOH/g
粘度=40mPa.s(75℃下)
Mw=756g/mol
实施例6:制备柔性聚氨酯板状(slabstock)泡沫体
借助搅拌器直接混合400g Lupranol 2080(来自BASF、羟值为48mg KOH/g的聚醚醇)和400gLupraphen 8190(一种来自BASF、羟值为61mg KOH/g的聚酯醇)和200g实施例4中所描述的聚醚醇。所得到的略微混浊的分散液甚至在50多天之后没有显示相分离。
借助搅拌器将1000g该多元醇混合物与38g水,10gTegostab BF 2370(来自Goldschmidt AG的硅氧烷稳定剂),0.12g Lupragen N201,0.4g LupragenN206(来自BASF Aktiengesellschaft的胺催化剂)和2.0gKosmos 29(来自Goldschmidt AG的锡催化剂)。接着在搅拌的同时加入来自BASFAktiengesellschaft的甲苯2,4-/2,6-二异氰酸酯混合物,并将反应混合物倾入敞口箱模具内(400×400×400mm),反应混合物在该敞口箱模具内发泡制备聚氨酯泡沫体。得到细微泡孔、均匀且开孔的泡沫体。
Claims (16)
1.一种可通过将烯化氧催化加成到含氢官能团的引发剂物质上而制备的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中聚酯醇用作含氢官能团的引发剂物质和多金属氰化物化合物用作催化剂。
2.权利要求1的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中通过使多官能团醇与多官能团羧酸反应制备聚酯醇。
3.权利要求1的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中聚酯醇的分子量Mw在250-200000范围内。
4.权要求1的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中所使用的多金属氰化物催化剂具有以下的分子式(I)
M1 a[M2(CN)b(A)c]d·fM1gXn·h(H2O)·eL (I)
其中
M1是选自Zn2+,Fe2+,Co3+,Ni2+,Mn2+,Co2+,Sn2+,Pb2+,Mo4+,Mo6+,Al3+,V4+,V5+,Sr2+,W4+,W6+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Cd2+的金属离子,
M2是选自Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Co3+,Mn2+,Mn3+,V4+,V5+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Rh3+,Ru2+,Ir3+的金属离子,
和M1和M2相同或不同,
A是选自卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根的阴离子,
X是选自卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰离子、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根的阴离子,
L是选自醇、醛、酮、醚、聚醚、酯、脲、酰胺、腈和硫醚的与水混溶的配体,
选择a,b,c,d,g和n,从而使化合物呈电中性,和
e是配体的配位数,
f是大于或等于0的分数或整数,
h是大于或等于0的分数或整数。
5.权利要求1的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中所使用的烯化氧是环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或至少两种所述烯化氧的任何混合物。
6.权利要求1的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中分子中醚基与酯基之比在0.01-100范围内。
7.权利要求1的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物,其中分子量Mw在300-300000范围内。
8.一种制备聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的方法,其中包括在多金属氰化物催化剂存在下,将至少一种烯化氧加成到聚酯醇上。
9.权利要求1-7任何一项的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的应用,用作制备聚氨酯的多元醇组分。
10.权利要求1-7任何一项的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的应用,在聚氨酯体系中用作聚醚醇与聚酯醇之间的增容剂。
11.权利要求1-7任何一项的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的应用,在树脂如环氧树脂和聚酯树脂中用作交联剂组分。
12.权利要求1-7任何一项的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物作为表面活性剂的应用。
13.权利要求1-7任何一项的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的应用,在共混聚合物中用作相增容剂。
14.通过使多异氰酸酯与对异氰酸酯基团呈活性的含有至少两个氢原子的化合物反应制备聚氨酯的方法,其中权利要求1-7任何一项的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物用作对异氰酸酯基团呈活性的含有至少两个氢原子的化合物。
15.制备聚氨酯用的一种储存稳定的多元醇组分,包括至少一种聚醚醇和至少一种聚酯醇和作为增容剂的至少一种权利要求1-7任何一项的聚酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物。
16.一种可按照权利要求14制备的聚氨酯。
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-
1999
- 1999-10-12 DE DE19949091A patent/DE19949091A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2000
- 2000-10-02 JP JP2001530399A patent/JP2003511532A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-02 HU HU0203076A patent/HUP0203076A3/hu unknown
- 2000-10-02 CN CNB00814236XA patent/CN1300212C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-02 US US10/110,297 patent/US6753402B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-02 KR KR1020027004633A patent/KR100677797B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-02 BR BR0014700-1A patent/BR0014700A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-02 AT AT00964264T patent/ATE242284T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-02 WO PCT/EP2000/009628 patent/WO2001027185A2/de active Search and Examination
- 2000-10-02 PL PL00355494A patent/PL355494A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-02 CA CA002387152A patent/CA2387152A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-02 CZ CZ20021307A patent/CZ20021307A3/cs unknown
- 2000-10-02 RU RU2002112478/04A patent/RU2277545C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-02 AU AU75244/00A patent/AU7524400A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-02 EP EP00964264A patent/EP1228117B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-02 ES ES00964264T patent/ES2200939T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-02 DE DE50002490T patent/DE50002490D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN100355805C (zh) * | 2003-06-03 | 2007-12-19 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 使用dmc催化生产聚醚醇的方法 |
CN1871302B (zh) * | 2003-10-29 | 2010-05-26 | 汉高两合股份公司 | 包括混合烷氧基单元强度改进的聚合物 |
CN1847284A (zh) * | 2005-03-19 | 2006-10-18 | 拜尔材料科学股份公司 | 聚(醚-酯)多元醇及其制备方法 |
CN101243119B (zh) * | 2005-08-17 | 2011-06-22 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 聚酯醚多(一)元醇的制造方法 |
CN101506305B (zh) * | 2006-08-23 | 2011-12-28 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 水性组合物 |
CN101492542B (zh) * | 2008-01-25 | 2012-07-04 | 东丽纤维研究所(中国)有限公司 | 一种从聚酯预聚物和聚醚预聚物制备嵌段聚酯聚醚共聚物的方法 |
CN103998488A (zh) * | 2011-12-18 | 2014-08-20 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于制备混合聚酯-聚醚多元醇的方法 |
CN103642024A (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-03-19 | 江苏盈天化学有限公司 | 一种对苯二甲酸类聚酯聚醚多元醇的制备方法 |
CN103642024B (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏盈天化学有限公司 | 一种对苯二甲酸类聚酯聚醚多元醇的制备方法 |
CN103709393A (zh) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-04-09 | 江苏盈天化学有限公司 | 一种利用回收醇和eo制备亲水性聚醚多元醇的方法 |
CN108654512A (zh) * | 2017-04-01 | 2018-10-16 | 联泓(江苏)新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种低泡非离子表面活性剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN110003440A (zh) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-12 | 东莞市腾崴塑胶制品有限公司 | 一种聚酯醚海绵及制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6753402B1 (en) | 2004-06-22 |
KR20020040854A (ko) | 2002-05-30 |
AR025991A1 (es) | 2002-12-26 |
ES2200939T3 (es) | 2004-03-16 |
CA2387152A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
ATE242284T1 (de) | 2003-06-15 |
CZ20021307A3 (cs) | 2002-11-13 |
RU2277545C2 (ru) | 2006-06-10 |
PL355494A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
WO2001027185A2 (de) | 2001-04-19 |
BR0014700A (pt) | 2002-06-18 |
EP1228117B1 (de) | 2003-06-04 |
CN1300212C (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
AU7524400A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
HUP0203076A2 (hu) | 2002-12-28 |
MY120635A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
KR100677797B1 (ko) | 2007-02-05 |
DE50002490D1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
WO2001027185A3 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
EP1228117A2 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
HUP0203076A3 (en) | 2004-06-28 |
DE19949091A1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
JP2003511532A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
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