CN1370696A - 用于混合电动车辆的动力组合设备 - Google Patents

用于混合电动车辆的动力组合设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1370696A
CN1370696A CN02104668A CN02104668A CN1370696A CN 1370696 A CN1370696 A CN 1370696A CN 02104668 A CN02104668 A CN 02104668A CN 02104668 A CN02104668 A CN 02104668A CN 1370696 A CN1370696 A CN 1370696A
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Prior art keywords
propulsion source
gear
rotation
output shaft
variable
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CN02104668A
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CN1289327C (zh
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T·J·利利
G·I·金曼
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BAE Systems Controls Inc
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BAE Systems Controls Inc
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/952—Housing details

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Abstract

一种用于混合电动车辆的动力组合设备,其包括行星齿轮组,该行星齿轮组则包括一个中心齿轮、一个与输出轴相连接的环形齿轮、多个行星齿轮以及可转动地支承多个行星齿轮的支架组件,该多个行星齿轮及中心齿轮和环形齿轮是以轴颈支承的。一个扭矩传递结构分别联接于中心齿轮和可变动力源的轴,以便使该中心齿轮产生转动,并且根据可变动力源的轴的转动而影响到该中心齿轮的转动,进而影响到环形齿轮和输出轴的转动。行星齿轮结构的支架组件可以选择性地连接至恒定动力源,以便选择性地影响到行星齿轮的支架组件以及环形齿轮的转动,进而影响到输出轴的转动。

Description

用于混合电动车辆的动力组合设备
技术领域和背景技术
混合电动车辆(HEV)将传统车辆的内燃发动机与电动车辆的电池和电动马达组合到一起。这比传统车辆提高了燃油经济性。这种组合以电动车辆显著的能量部分和环保优点，为传统车辆提供了用户期待的扩展使用范围和快速重新加油的特点。与传统车辆相比，混合电动车辆的实际优点包括燃油经济性的提高和较低的排放性。混合电动车辆特有的灵活性也使它们应用于从个人旅行直到商业运输的广泛应用范围。
平行混合电动车辆需要提供恒定动力和可变动力两条动力路径。也就是说，平行混合电动车辆的动力来自(例如内燃发动机的)机械动力源以及电动动力源。这使得混合电动车辆能够使用较小的发动机作为其机械动力源。较小的发动机尺寸和系统的运行特性甚至提供了更高的性能或改善的燃油经济性及较低的排放量。然而，在混合电动车辆的设计中，制造出一种能够利用机械部件的高效率和电动部件的多用性两方面优点的驱动装置，始终是一巨大的挑战。
过去已经提出了各种类型的平行混合系统以应用于例如汽车的多种应用场合。例如，行星齿轮组应用在自动传动装置中已有多年。然而，大部分的自动传动装置都使用复式行星齿轮组，比如Simpson组或Ravigneaux组。典型的汽车自动传动装置只使用单一的动力源。因此就需要提供一种驱动系统，它能够在其大部分的工作时间内都在最有效的动力传动点状态下运行，同时能够提供产生出车辆加速所需的扭矩的装置，而无需使用多齿轮速比的传动装置。还需要提供这样一种驱动系统，它使该系统的各个动力源(机械的或电动的)能够单独地或者相互结合地工作，以将动力传递到输出装置。
发明内容
一种能够接受来自可变动力源和恒定动力源的输入以此驱动输出轴的车辆传动系统包括一个行星齿轮组，该行星齿轮组包括中心齿轮、与输出轴相连的环形齿轮、多个行星齿轮以及可转动地支承该多个行星齿轮的支架组件，该多个行星齿轮及中心齿轮和环形齿轮是以轴颈支承的。一个扭矩传递结构分别联接至中心齿轮和可变动力源的轴，以便根据可变动力源的轴的转动而影响中心齿轮的转动，进而影响到环形齿轮和与其相连的输出轴的转动。行星齿轮结构的支架组件通过离合及制动机构能够选择性地连接于恒定动力源，以便选择性地影响到行星齿轮的支架组件和环形齿轮的转动，进而影响到输出轴的转动。
一种车辆传动系统，它具有可被连续驱动或以变速驱动的驱动轴，并且能够工作在机械的第一模式、电动的第二模式和组合的第三模式，该传动装置包括一个组合式行星齿轮结构，该行星齿轮结构具有多个元件并且能够可操作地联接至可变动力源的转动轴、恒定动力源的转动轴以及输出驱动轴。一个离合及制动机构在第一和第三模式下操作，用以将恒定动力源连接于组合式行星齿轮结构的一个元件，以便在该组合式行星齿轮结构中建立起驱动路径，以此根据恒定动力源的轴的转动方向而影响到该输出轴的转动，而在第二模式下则将组合式行星齿轮结构中的该元件止动，从而使该输出驱动轴的转动免受恒定动力源的影响。一个扭矩传递结构联接于组合式行星齿轮结构的另一个元件并且响应于可变动力源，以便在第二和第三工作模式下根据可变动力源的轴的转动方向而影响到输出轴的转动，而在第一工作模式下则产生出足够的扭矩以防止该另一个元件转动，从而使输出驱动轴的转动免受可变动力源的影响。可变动力源被驱动到同步速度以使该传动装置能够切换工作模式。
附图说明
通过结合附图阅读下面的详细说明书，本发明的各项优点将变得更加清楚，附图所示仅用作举例，其中：
图1是按照本发明实施例的动力组合设备的示意图；
图2是按照本发明实施例的动力组合设备的更详细的截面图，其中采用了两个可变动力源；
图3A是应用在平行混合电动卡车结构中的动力组合设备的顶视示意图；
图3B是图3A的齿轮箱组件的输入侧的更详细的示意图；
图3C是图3A的汇集式传动箱装置的输出侧的更详细的示意图；
图4的曲线图表示了在根据本发明一方面的不同工作模式下，行星齿轮系统中的各个部件的转速；
图5是配备了按照本发明替换实施例的动力组合设备的、排成一线的平行混合电动车辆的传动装置的示意性截面图；
图6是配备了按照本发明第二替换实施例的动力组合设备的、排成一线的平行混合电动车辆的传动装置的示意性截面图；
图7是配备了按照本发明第三替换实施例的动力组合设备的、排成一线的平行混合电动车辆的传动装置的示意性截面图；
图8是配备了按照本发明第四替换实施例的动力组合设备的、排成一线的平行混合电动车辆的传动装置的示意性截面图；
图9是配备了按照本发明第五替换实施例的动力组合设备的、排成一线的平行混合电动车辆的传动装置的示意性截面图；
具体实施方式
如下所述，本发明的汇集式传动系统利用行星齿轮组将来自多个输入件的动力组合并传递至单一的输出件。该齿轮组被封装在一个壳体中，而壳体则接纳着出自一个或几个可变动力源的输出轴和一个恒定动力源的输出轴。该系统的输出件采用轴的形式，它可用来驱动各种负载。整个装置通过安装承座支承在壳体上。
现在参照附图，其中相同的数字代表相同的零件。尤其在图1中，表示了按照本发明实施例的组合动力的汇集式传动系统100的示意图。如图1所示，系统100包括行星齿轮组，后者包括中心齿轮41，直接与输出轴43s连接的环形齿轮43，多个星齿轮42a、42b和42c，以及可转动地支承该多个行星齿轮42a-42c的支架组件30c，该多个行星齿轮及中心齿轮41和环形齿轮43是以轴颈支承的。扭矩传递结构包括小齿轮10p和大齿轮40。大齿轮40分别与中心齿轮和小齿轮10p可操作地联接，而小齿轮10p则接纳着可变动力源10的轴10s，该可变动力源例如可反向的电动马达，以便根据可变动力供给轴的转动而影响中心齿轮的转动。进而又影响到环形齿轮43以及与之相联接的输出轴43s的转动。行星齿轮结构的支架组件30c可操作地连接至与中心齿轮41同轴转动的支架轴30s。支架组件30c通过离合器33以可选择的方式连接至例如内燃机的恒定动力源20的轴20s，以便选择性地影响行星齿轮支架组件以及环形齿轮的转动，进而影响到输出驱动轴43s的转动。
从上面的描述可以看出，图1的传动装置最好采用一个或几个可反向的电动马达作为其可变动力源10。马达直接连接在齿轮箱壳体上，并且通过与单一大齿轮40相啮合的小齿轮10p进行驱动。大齿轮40直接固连至行星齿轮组的中心齿轮41并与之啮合。恒定动力源20最好采用内燃机的形式，它以匀速转行，具有有限的扭矩反馈。恒定动力源20通过离合器33连接于支架。
上述系统的运行过程如下。为了在汇集式传动系统100的输出件43s上产生动力，必须从恒定动力源20，或从可变动力源10，或从两者同时提供动力输入。如图1所示，恒定动力源20将其动力通过其轴20s传递至包括传统的离合元件33和制动元件32的离合器33，再传递至行星齿轮组的支架30c。可以是流体控制的离合器的该离合器以及制动器是用在动力传动装置中的传统的控制装置。在图1中，恒定动力源20的轴20s的转动R2造成支架轴30s的转动R3。这一转动R3由支架轴30s传递至支架30c，产生转动R8，这一转动R8再结合中心齿轮41的转动R5产生出转动R7。于是通过与输出轴43s直接相连的环形齿轮43将动力输出。在优选实施例中，这些部件(即支架和环形齿轮)之间的扭矩降低比率大约是1.3比1。
可变动力源10将其动力通过其轴10s传递至小齿轮10p，再传递至直接与中心齿轮41相连的大齿轮40。在图1中，可变动力源10的轴的特定转动R1造成大齿轮40的转动R4，这一转动R4直接传递至中心齿轮41。这一转动引起行星齿轮42a-42c沿方向R6转动，于是产生环形齿轮43的转动R7，在优选实施例中，这导致了大约5∶1的减速比和扭矩的增加。输入的动力然后通过行星齿轮42a-42c传递至直接与输出件相连的环形齿轮43，中心齿轮与环形齿轮之间的速比最好是大约3比1。
本发明的这个系统能够以三种不同的方式运行。首先是以可变动力源提供全部的输出动力。当离合器33脱开以及制动器32与离合/制动机构相接合时，根据行星齿轮组42a-42c的齿轮速比以及由可变动力源所施加的相应扭矩，通过提供一定数量的反作用扭矩，就有可能使轴30s和支架30c停止转动。动力于是由大齿轮40传至中心齿轮41，然后从中心齿轮41通过行星齿轮传递至环形齿轮43，后者直接连接于输出驱动轴43s。
第二种方式是利用恒定动力源20向驱动轴43s提供动力输出。当可变动力源10在该装置上产生足够扭矩以使中心齿轮41停止转动时，恒定动力源20的传动路径是独立的，动力通过离合器33传递至支架30c。支架30c与中心齿轮41相配合将动力通过行星齿轮42a-42c传递至环形齿轮43，再传递至输出驱动轴43s。在这种方式中，离合器接合而制动器脱开，以便建立起驱动路线，将动力从恒定动力源20经过组合式行星齿轮组传递至输出驱动轴43s。
工作的第三种方式是将来自恒定动力源20和可变动力源10两者的动力结合到一起。在这种方式中，离合器33接合而制动器32则与离合/制动机构脱开。动力于是从上述两种方式中的每个部件上传来，直至到达行星齿轮组，行星齿轮组再依照指定的比率分取扭矩。在不同方式下行星齿轮组的各部件的转速表示在图4中。
根据本发明的装置的另一个有益特点是当传动装置改变运行方式时，可变动力源10可转为同步速度。这样就可以选择运行方式的转变点，使得大部分的动力由定速动力源或机械动力源20来提供。功率较小的可变速动力源提供较小比例的动力，但它仍然起作用，以便在需要较大功率时，例如以高速爬坡时提供帮助。这使得该装置能够运行在其最有效的动力传动点，在大部分时间内该装置都运行在这一最有效的动力传动点，并且提供产生车辆加速所需的扭矩的装置，无需采用多齿轮速比的传动装置。
在一特定实施例中，当车辆加速到一预定速度时，例如50英里/小时，使支架30c保持固定的制动器被释放。这使得支架部件旋转到与发动机输出轴相应的速度。这一过程通过将电动马达转为同步速度以便与固定动力源相同步来实现。例如，在一特定实施例中，上述过程通过将电动马达从规定的速度/转动(例如15000转/分)转变为第二速度/转动(例如-1300转/分)，以便限制离合器的打滑。当马达到达同步转速时，支架处于发动机运行转速。环形齿轮通过末级驱动连接至输出驱动轴和车轴，这样车辆的动量被用来驱动环形齿轮，因而有助于达到同步速度。一旦牵引马达处于同步转速，就可将离合器锁定，以提供发动机与后轴之间的直接驱动。支架、环形齿轮和马达通过行星齿轮组相互连接，因而知道该装置的两个部件的运动就可以确定出第三部件的运动。
正如能够理解的那样，在从可变动力源向机械动力源转移的过程中，发生了三种主要情况。首先，恒定动力源和行星齿轮组之间的离合/制动机构中的制动器脱开。然后，可变动力源被驱动到同步速度，以便转移之前和之后的动力值尽可能地接近于一致。最后，恒定动力源的速度尽可能与行星齿轮组的支架同步，以便当前述的离合/制动机构中的离合器接合时限制该离合器的打滑。
只要动力源是匹配的从而使输出速度同步，该汇集式传动系统就可以采用一个或多个与大齿轮40相连的可变动力源10。图2表示了这种设置。如图2所示，两个速度同步的牵引电动马达10a和10b通过小齿轮10pa和10pb分别连接至大齿轮40，以便为汇集式传动系统100提供可变动力源。与传统的齿轮箱24相联接的内燃机20除了通过驱动轴43s向车辆的末端驱动提供直接的或平行的动力路径之外，还用来通过发电机22为电动马达10a、10b提供动力。齿轮箱壳体由适当的例如金属的材料来制造，使它足够坚固，以便支承诸内部部件，它还具有安装承座，使得能够以已知的方式将齿轮箱壳体连接到一个静止物体上。装纳着该汇集式传动系统的齿轮箱壳体最好通过螺栓直接与发动机相连。
在进入停止和行驶的过程中，采用本发明的平行的混合电动车辆首先在例如大约33％的工作时间内运行在“仅靠电力”的工作模式下。用发电机向一个或多个马达提供动力。还可以使用与电动马达相联接的电池或电池组(未示出)，以便在加速时吸收动力。在减速时，通常以热量形式消耗在制动器中的能量可以被返送和贮存在电池中，因而提供了额外的燃油经济性、较短的发动机工作周期，以及提高了效率。此外，在传统的传动装置中，例如典型的8速传动装置中，需要有8个不同的齿轮速比。然而，仅仅高端的两个齿轮速比通常用于公路行驶。其余的齿轮速比都用在进入停止和行驶的过程中来使加速/减速。在本发明中，在切换到电力和机械动力的平行组合状态，以及最终完全渐变到机械动力之前，可以使用电动马达将车辆加速到公路速度(例如50英里/小时左右)。
图3A表示了用在例如干线运输卡车的平行混合电动车辆中的图2所示实施例的方框图。如图3A所示，例如柴油机的内燃机20通过齿轮箱24和轴20s可操作地联接至离合器33，齿轮箱24还将内燃机20联接至发电机22。齿轮箱以传统的方式工作，它具有用于内燃机输出的输入件，以及通过齿轮减速机构为发电机22和离合器33上游的轴20s提供输出。作为可变动力源的可反向的电动马达10a、10b可操作地联接至汇集式传动系统100的输入件54和56(见图3B)。该装置包括通过支架轴30s联接于离合器33以用于从恒定动力源接受动力的输入件52(见图3B)。该汇集式传动系统100的输出件58(见图3C)适于容纳与末端驱动器55相连的输出驱动轴43s。末端驱动器55再通过差速器99可操作地连接于车轮轴72，以驱动车轮13。在一个优选的实施例中，由电动马达10a、10b代表的可变动力源10分别是250马力(HP)的可反向的马达。恒定动力源最好是460马力的柴油机。
图5-图9表示了本发明的动力组合设备的替换实施例的示意图。这些实施例结构都采用了同轴线的轴，以便使整个装置有排成一线的封壳，其优点在于，这些实施例结构提供了能够配装到现有传统的车辆传动系统所占空间中的成套设备，因而使制造商易于将该混合驱动装置整体装入现有的车辆中。图5所示的实施例使用了可变动力源10，它适合于提供产生行星齿轮箱的所需输出所要求的扭矩和速度特性。图6-9所示实施例采用的与可变动力源结合的减速方案以适合特定的应用场合。这些附图中的每个所示出的混合电动动力系都表示为发电机、马达和汇集式传动系统。
图5所示的实施例表示了了排成一线的结构，其中合适的马达的转子轴11刚性地安装于汇集式传动系统或组合齿轮箱100的中心齿轮41。单个的中空转子马达10直接通过中心齿轮41用来使支架轴30s从中穿过而无需采用小齿轮和大齿轮。发电机22包括转子23和定子25。发电机的转子23刚性地安装于发动机上的扭力阻尼器(未示出)的输出轴20s。离合器30用于将支架驱动轴30s接合或脱开，而制动器32则用于将支架30c固定于传动装置的外壁。
图6、7和8提供了另外的实施例，以便使非最佳尺寸的马达适合于特定的混合电动车辆所要求的车辆马力。图6所示的实施例类似于图5实施例，但采用了另外的行星减速组件60，它包括固定于壳体外壁的环形齿轮61、以轴颈支承于支架64的一些行星齿轮62a-62c、以及联接于马达10的转子轴11的中心齿轮63。马达转子11通过中心齿轮63驱动行星减速组件60，该行星减速组件的支架64驱动汇集式传动系统100的中心齿轮41。
图7所示的替换实施例类似于图6所示的前一个实施例，它采用了带有止动的支架64的行星减速齿轮组60，以产生适合于组合齿轮箱100的输入速度。
图8和图9所示的实施例采用了作为增速器的行星齿轮箱97。这以两种方式实现，通过将环形齿轮61止动和由马达转子11驱动支架64，就有可能采用低速运行的马达来驱动中心齿轮63，进而驱动汇集式传动系统的中心齿轮41。这种方式表示在图8中。如图9所示，若将支架64止动和由马达转子11驱动环形齿轮61，也可以实现用较慢的马达来驱动组合齿轮箱。不同实施例并不影响各工作模式，而且如前所述，能够以更传统的方式将其安装到车辆中。
尽管前面通过具有一定程度特殊性的优选实施例对本发明作了描述和图示，但应当理解，所公开的优选实施例只是用作举例，在所附权利要求书所确定的本发明的精神和范围内，对结构细节和诸元件的布置和组合可以有各种变化，无论具备专利新颖性的那些特征是否已在所公开的本发明申请中被提及，由所附权利要求适当表述的内容旨在涵盖本专利的范围。

Claims (21)

1.一种适于接受来自可变动力源和恒定动力源的输入，以此驱动一输出轴的车辆传动系统，其包括：
一组合式行星齿轮结构，该行星齿轮结构具有多个元件并且可操作地联接至所述可变动力源的转动轴、所述恒定动力源的转动轴以及所述输出轴；
一扭矩传递结构，其连接于所述组合式行星齿轮结构的一元件并且响应于所述可变动力源，以便根据所述可变动力源的所述轴的转动影响所述输出轴的转动；以及
一离合器，其用于选择性地将恒定动力源连接于组合式行星齿轮结构的另一个元件，以便在所述恒定动力源和所述组合式行星齿轮结构之间建立起一驱动路径，以此根据恒定动力源的轴的转动影响该输出轴的转动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述组合式行星齿轮结构的所述多个元件包括一中心齿轮、一环形齿轮、多个行星齿轮，以及一可转动地支承该多个行星齿轮的支架组件，该多个行星齿轮及所述中心齿轮和环形齿轮是以轴颈支承的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述环形齿轮直接联接于所述输出轴。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，与所述扭矩传递结构相联接的所述元件是所述中心齿轮。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述组合式行星齿轮结构的所述另一个元件是所述支架。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述扭矩传递结构包括一与一小齿轮相连接的大齿轮。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述可变动力源包括至少一个电动马达。
8.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个电动马达是一可反向的马达。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述恒定动力源包括一以一恒定速度运行的内燃发动机。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的系统，其还包括一制动器，用于选择性地将所述行星齿轮结构的所述另一个元件止动，和与其相连接的所述恒定动力源，用以防止所述输出轴的运转受到所述恒定动力源的所述轴的转动的影响。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统工作在一第一模式，使得所述输出轴由所述机械动力源驱动，工作在一第二模式，使得所述输出轴由所述可变动力源驱动，以及工作在一第三模式，使得所述输出轴由所述可变动力源和恒定动力源的组合驱动。
12.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，将所述可变动力源驱动到一基本同步的速度，以使所述传动装置能够切换工作模式。
13.一种车辆传动系统，其包括：
一行星齿轮组，其包括一中心齿轮、一与一输出轴相连的环形齿轮、多个行星齿轮，以及一可转动地支承该多个行星齿轮的支架组件，该多个行星齿轮及所述中心齿轮和环形齿轮是以轴颈支承的；和
一扭矩传递结构，其联接于所述中心齿轮和所述可变动力源的该轴，以便使所述中心齿轮产生转动并且根据所述可变动力源的轴的转动影响所述中心齿轮的转动，进而影响到所述环形齿轮和所述输出轴的转动；
其中，所述行星齿轮结构的支架组件可以选择性地与所述恒定动力源相连，以便选择性地影响到所述行星齿轮的所述支架组件以及所述环形齿轮的转动，进而影响到所述输出轴的转动。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，所述扭矩传递结构包括一与一大齿轮相连接的小齿轮。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述大齿轮直接连接于所述中心齿轮。
16.根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的系统，其还包括一离合器，用于选择性地将所述行星齿轮结构的支架组件连接于所述恒定动力源。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统，其还包括一制动器，用于选择性地将所述支架组件止动，和与其相连接的所述恒定动力源，以防止所述输出轴的运转受到所述恒定动力源的所述轴的转动的影响。
18.一种车辆传动系统，其具有一可被连续驱动或以变速驱动的驱动轴，并且能够工作在机械的第一模式、电动的第二模式或组合的第三工作模式，该传动系统包括：
一组合式行星齿轮结构，其具有多个元件并且可操作地联接至一可变动力源的转动轴、一恒定动力源的转动轴以及所述输出驱动轴；
一离合及制动机构，其可在所述第一和第三模式下工作，以将所述恒定动力源与所述组合式行星齿轮结构的一元件相连接，以便在所述组合式行星齿轮结构与所述恒定动力源之间建立起一驱动路径，以此根据恒定动力源的轴的一转动方向影响所述输出轴的转动，而在所述第二模式下将所述组合式行星齿轮结构的所述元件止动，以防止所述输出轴的转动受到恒定动力源的影响；以及
一扭矩传递结构，其联接于所述组合式行星齿轮结构的另一个元件并且响应于所述可变动力源，以便在所述第二和第三工作模式下根据所述可变动力源的所述轴的转动方向而影响到所述输出轴的转动，而在所述第一工作模式下产生足够的扭矩，以防止所述另一个元件转动，从而防止所述输出驱动轴的转动受到可变动力源的影响。
19.根据权利要求18所述的系统，其特征在于，将所述可变动力源驱动到一基本同步的速度，以使所述传动装置能够切换工作模式。
20.根据权利要求18或19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮结构包括一中心齿轮、一与所述输出轴相连的环形齿轮、多个行星齿轮，以及一可转动地支承该多个行星齿轮的支架组件，该多个行星齿轮及所述中心齿轮和环形齿轮是以轴颈支承的。
21.根据权利要求20所述的系统，其中所述扭矩传递结构包括一与一大齿轮相连接的小齿轮，以及其中所述可变动力源包括一个或多个可反向的速度同步的电动马达，并且所述电动马达通过所述小齿轮和大齿轮，以及经过所述中心齿轮连接至所述组合式行星齿轮结构。
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