CN106103164B - 具体用于混合车辆的具有可变速度传动装置的动力系 - Google Patents

具体用于混合车辆的具有可变速度传动装置的动力系 Download PDF

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CN106103164B
CN106103164B CN201480068725.2A CN201480068725A CN106103164B CN 106103164 B CN106103164 B CN 106103164B CN 201480068725 A CN201480068725 A CN 201480068725A CN 106103164 B CN106103164 B CN 106103164B
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gear
dynamical system
gears
engine
clutch
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CN106103164A (zh
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S·范托利
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/427—One-way clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2400/70—Gearings
    • B60Y2400/73—Planetary gearings
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H2037/047—Combinations of toothed gearings only comprising one or more orbital gear sets coaxial with a first shaft and having more than one drive connection to a second shaft parallel to the first shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
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    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • Y10S903/911—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears with two or more gear sets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/912—Drive line clutch
    • Y10S903/913—One way

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合机动车辆动力系，包括驱动/接受机器(20)；热机(10)；变速装置(14)，包括带有太阳齿轮(34)和环齿轮(44)的发动机行星齿轮系(24)，各通过控制操作的离合器(26、28)连接至发动机轴(12)并通过单向离合器(30、32)和行星齿轮架(48)连接至动力系的固定部分(42)；另一机器行星齿轮系(58)，包括太阳齿轮(56)、环齿轮(66)和连接至用于传动至驱动车轴(16)的动力装置(79)的行星齿轮架(60)；以及转动传递路径，用于所述发动机轴与所述传动装置之间的联结。传动路径(90、124)包括发动机轴(12)与行星齿轮系(24、58)之一的至少一个元件(48、56、60、66)之间受控的联结(80、94、134)。

Description

具体用于混合车辆的具有可变速度传动装置的动力系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具体用于混合车辆的具有可变速度传动装置的动力系。
如已知的，混合车辆包括动力传动系，该动力系单独地或结合地使用具有可变速度传动装置的内燃热机和/或诸如连接至诸如一个或更多电池之类的电源的旋转电动机器之类的驱动/接收机器作为牵引/推进驱动装置。
通过减少至大气的排放物的排放和通过减少燃料消耗，该组合显著地提供了优化该车辆性能的优点。
因此，如在城市区域，当车辆由高转矩在宽速度范围内被驱动且限制废气和噪音的产生时，优选地使用电动机器驱动该车辆。
在另一方面，当该车辆用于需要高驱动力和宽运转范围时，用热机驱动该车辆。
背景技术
如从本申请人提交的法国专利申请2,955,165号中已知的，这样的电机车辆动力系包括具有连接至可变速度传动装置的轴的热机，该可变速度传动装置包括周转齿轮系，该周转齿轮系具有通过受控的离合器连接至热机轴和通过单向自动离合器连接至固定零件的中心齿轮和冠部，以及通过传动路径将速度变化传递至车辆的驱动车轴的行星齿轮架。
为了增加当车辆由电动机器驱动时的速度变化容量，申请人将前述文件的可变速度传动装置和另一个如本申请人提交的法国专利申请2,962,697号中描述的、将发动机周转齿轮系连接至用于至该车辆的驱动轴的传动的传动路径的周转齿轮系结合。
因此，在前述申请中描述的速度传递装置允许通过热机获得车辆的三个前进速度比和该车辆的前进或倒退挡的两个速度比。
为了持续地改进，申请人通过使其能够用于由热机以附加速度比驱动的车辆，进一步改进了该可变速度传动装置。
由于该速度比，当具有较高的轮转矩时，热机在更佳的运转点上使用。
发明内容
本发明因而涉及一种用于混合类型机动车辆的动力系，包括驱动/接受机器、热机、变速装置、另一机器周转齿轮系和转动传递路径，变速装置包括带有太阳齿轮和冠部的发动机周转齿轮系，该太阳齿轮和冠部各自通过受控的离合器连接至发动机轴并通过单向离合器和行星齿轮架连接至动力系的固定部分，机器周转齿轮系包括太阳齿轮、冠部和连接至用于至驱动车轴的传动装置的行星齿轮架，转动传递路径用于所述发动机轴与所述传动装置之间的联结，其特点在于，传动路径包括发动机轴与周转齿轮系其中之一的至少一个元件之间受控的联结。
元件可为机器周转齿轮系的太阳齿轮或行星齿轮架或冠部。
元件可为发动机周转齿轮系的行星齿轮架。
受控的联结可包括受控的离合器。
受控的联结可包括卡爪。
受控的联结可包括单向自动离合器。
受控的联结可包括自由轮。
传递路径可包括通过单向自动离合器相互连接的两个半轴。
半轴中的一个可连接至发动机轴，且另一半轴可连接至受控的离合器。
半轴中的一个可连接至发动机轴，且另一半轴可连接至周转齿轮系其中之一的元件。
另一半轴可连接至发动机周转齿轮系的行星齿轮架。
传递路径可包括齿轮，其通过单向自动离合器连接至发动机轴，并与连接至机器周转齿轮系的冠部的齿轮连接。
附图说明
通过阅读此后通过非限制性示例并参考附图的方式进行的描述，本发明其它的特征和优点将会变得清晰，在附图中：
图1是示出根据本发明的使用可变速度传动装置的动力系的示意图，
图2示意地示出了图1所示动力系的变型，
图3示出了图2所示动力系的变型，以及
图4示出了图2所示动力系的变型。
具体实施方式
在图1中，动力系包括热机10和可变速度装置14，该热机10特别地为内燃机并带有来自此处该发动机的曲轴的发动机轴12，可变速度装置14用于至驱动车轴16的传动，从而允许驱动车辆的驱动轮18。
发动机轴12还实现了接纳轴的功能，但为了简化说明起见，将该轴称作发动机轴，以能够将其与传动装置的其它轴相区别。
动力系还包括诸如带有转子22的电机20之类的驱动/接纳机器，可通过连接至诸如电池(未示出)之类的电源用作用于驱动车辆的电机，或用作发电机，且更具体地用作用于为这些电池充电的交流发电机。
变速装置14包括带有两个受控的此处呈摩擦离合器的形式的离合器26、28的、被称作热机周转齿轮系的主周转齿轮系24，以及两个诸如自由轮30和32之类的单向自动离合器。
更精确地，发动机周转齿轮系24包括由被称作太阳齿轮轴的中空轴36固定承载的太阳齿轮34，中空轴36套在发动机轴12上，且相对于发动机轴12在旋转上自由但在平移上固定。该中空轴的自由端38置于轴承40上，轴承40由动力系的固定元件42通过被称作太阳齿轮自由轮的自由轮32承载，这样允许太阳齿轮仅向一个方向旋转。
该齿轮系还包括冠部齿轮44，冠部齿轮44与太阳齿轮同心布置，且固定连接至被称作冠部轴的中空轴46，中空轴46围绕太阳齿轮中空轴36，且相对于太阳齿轮中空轴36在旋转上自由但在平移上固定。该冠部在外部通过被称作冠部自由轮的单向离合器30连接至车辆动力系的固定元件42，这样允许冠部仅向一个方向旋转。
当然，两个自由轮30和32布置成太阳齿轮34和冠部44可仅向相同方向旋转，且优选地为与发动机轴12相同的方向。
最后，该发动机周转齿轮系包括行星齿轮架48，行星齿轮架48有利地带有三个呈外齿轮形式的行星齿轮50，相互间以相同的角度间隔(此处为120°)布置且与冠部和太阳齿轮啮合。
太阳齿轮34、冠部44和行星齿轮50因此布置在同一平面内，此处为图1的垂直平面。
这些行星齿轮各由水平销52承载，且在旋转上自由，但在平移上固定。这些行星齿轮销连接至被称作行星齿轮架轴的管状轴54，管状轴54围绕太阳齿轮轴36且在其上自由旋转。
太阳齿轮轴和冠部轴的自由端各承载受控的离合器26和28，优选地为各由杆控制所控制的摩擦离合器。
因此，被称作太阳齿轮离合器的离合器26允许太阳齿轮34与发动机轴12联接，且被称作冠部离合器的离合器28的目的为允许冠部44与该发动机轴联接。
如图1中更为可见的，行星齿轮架轴54固定地承载在说明书的其余部分被称作机器周转齿轮系的附加周转齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56。
机器周转齿轮系58与发动机周转齿轮系24在发动机轴12上同轴布置，机器周转齿轮系58包括行星齿轮架60，行星齿轮架60有利地带有三个由行星齿轮销64承载的、呈外齿轮形式的行星齿轮62，相互间以相同的角度间隔(此处为120°)布置且与太阳齿轮56啮合。这些行星齿轮还通过与冠部齿轮66啮合而配合，冠部齿轮66与由电动机器20的转子22所固定地承载的齿轮68啮合。
当然，与热机周转齿轮系24相似，太阳齿轮56、行星齿轮62和冠部66布置在同一平面内，此处为图1的垂直平面。
行星齿轮销64由板72承载，板72包括管状轴承74，管状轴承74围绕行星齿轮架的管状轴54，在旋转上自由，但在平移上固定。该管状轴承还固定地承载齿轮76，齿轮76与联结至车轴16的齿轮78配合。
两个齿轮76和78的该组装因而在机器周转齿轮58与车轴16之间形成了传动装置79。
机器周转齿轮系的行星齿轮架轴54还承载在控制装置82的动作下在该轴上在旋转上固定但在平移上自由的受控的双作用离合器80。
通过示例的方式，该离合器为卡爪，该卡爪可与设于动力系的固定元件42补充联接表面84(位置1)配合，或与另一个布置在行星齿轮架60的管状轴承74的端部的补充联接表面86(位置2)配合。该卡爪还固定地承载齿轮88，其目的在以下的说明书中详细描述。
该卡爪因而形成了发动机轴12与机器周转齿轮系58中的至少一个元件之间的受控联结，此处的元件为行星齿轮架60和/或太阳齿轮56。
如以下所解释的，该动力系还包括用于发动机轴12与传动装置79之间的联结的转动传递路径90，从而允许车辆由热机以附加第四速度比驱动。
该转动传递路径包括基本平行于发动机轴12的转动传递轴92。该轴有利地由通过此处呈自由轮形式的单向离合器94的相互连接的两个部分92a和92b(或半轴)组成。每个半轴92a、92b分别由来自动力系的固定部分42的轴承96、98承载。其中一个半轴的端部承载保持架100，自由轮布置在保持架100内，且另一个半轴的自由端抵靠该自由轮的直径内侧。
这使得两个半轴仅向一个旋转方向同时旋转。
半轴92a在其指向发动机10的端部承载固定齿轮102，固定齿轮102与由卡爪80承载的齿轮88配合。另一个半轴92b在其与保持架100相对的端部承载固定齿轮104，固定齿轮104与由轴12承载的固定齿轮106啮合。
因此，传动路径90包括发动机轴12的齿轮106、与自由轮94和齿轮104和102关联的两个半轴92a和92b、卡爪的齿轮88和卡爪80。
该路径因而包括发动机轴12与承载由卡爪80控制的齿轮76的行星齿轮架的管状轴承之间的联结。
现根据所用的牵引/推进模式描述通过动力系的车辆驱动的各种配置。
为了简化起见，仅提及带有通过热机或通过电机的牵引/推进的配置，其它配置已在前述本申请人的专利申请中阐述。
当车辆由电机20驱动时，离合器26和28两者都不工作。
在卡爪80与固定元件42的联接表面84配合的位置1，齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56和齿轮系24的行星齿轮架48在旋转上不动。
电机20一被激励，其转子22就被驱动旋转。该转动传递至周转齿轮系58的冠部66，接着至行星齿轮62和行星齿轮架60，并最终通过传动装置79至车轴16。
在卡爪80与轴承74的联接表面86配合的位置2，齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56和齿轮系24的行星齿轮架48连接至齿轮系58的行星齿轮架60。冠部66的旋转因而传递至包含行星齿轮架60和太阳齿轮56的组件。该组件的旋转再传递至齿轮76，齿轮76与车轴齿轮78配合，通过此来驱动车辆的轮。
现描述其它配置来说明车辆根据不同的速度比通过热机10的牵引/推进。
在这些配置中，卡爪80或位于用于速度比1至3的中立位置，或位于用于速度比4的位置2。对于速度比1，离合器26和28两者都不工作，且对于速度比2至4，这些离合器或两者都在工作位置，或一个或另一个在工作位置。
对于速度比1，离合器26和28在不工作位置且卡爪在位置2。
发动机10的轴12的转动通过由齿轮106和104构成的啮合机构传递至半轴92b。该半轴的该转动接着通过自由轮94传至另一半轴92a，该自由轮工作以驱动该另一半轴在相同的方向上旋转。该半轴的转动通过齿轮102传递至卡爪80的齿轮88并传递至中空轴54。
齿轮88的旋转接着传递至承载齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56的行星齿轮架的轴，接着通过以相同速度旋转的表面86传递至该齿轮系的行星齿轮架60。
如上所述，该配置涉及相同的从行星齿轮架至传动装置79和车轴16的传动路径。
当卡爪在位置2时，齿轮88的旋转传递至承载齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56的行星齿轮架的轴，接着至该齿轮系的行星齿轮架60，行星齿轮架60接着以相同速度旋转。
类似地，如上所述，该配置涉及相同的从行星齿轮架/太阳齿轮组件至传动装置79和车轴16的传动路径。
对于速度比2的离合器26的工作位置和离合器28的不工作位置，热机10的轴12的旋转驱动太阳齿轮34旋转。太阳齿轮的旋转进而驱动带有其行星齿轮架轴54的行星齿轮架48的旋转。行星齿轮架轴通过轴54驱动另一周转齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56的旋转。该太阳齿轮接着驱动该齿轮系58的行星齿轮架60。行星齿轮架接着通过传动装置79的轮76和78驱动车轴16，此时卡爪80位于位置2。
对于离合器28的工作位置和离合器26的不工作位置(速度比3)，热机10的轴12的旋转驱动冠部44旋转，该旋转驱动行星齿轮架48的旋转。行星齿轮架的该旋转接着通过轴54传递至机器周转齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56。太阳齿轮接着驱动该齿轮系58的行星齿轮架60，并如上所述将转动传递至车轴。
在速度比4的离合器26和28两者都在工作位置的配置中，热机10的轴12的旋转驱动冠部44、太阳齿轮34的旋转，并由此驱动发动机周转齿轮系24的行星齿轮架48的旋转。行星齿轮架的该旋转接着通过轴54传递至另一周转齿轮系58的太阳齿轮56。该太阳齿轮进而通过卡爪80和表面86驱动该齿轮系58的行星齿轮架60。行星齿轮架接着通过传动装置79的轮76和78驱动车轴16，此时卡爪80位于位置2。
同时，行星齿轮架轴54的旋转通过卡爪的齿轮88与半轴92a的齿轮102的啮合传递至半轴92a，但由于自由轮94的存在，该旋转不再传递至半轴92b。
速度比1因此由离合器26和28的不工作获得，速度比2通过离合器26的工作获得，速度比3通过离合器28的工作获得，且速度比4由离合器26和28的同时工作获得。
如申请人的专利申请2,962,697号中已经描述的，图2中的变型在两个周转齿轮系24和58的平行布置方面与图1不同，且在与机器周转齿轮系58的元件的其中之一(此处为冠部66)的受控的联结方面与图1不同。
该动力系包括与图1中的相似的发动机周转齿轮系24和布置在另一轴上的机器周转齿轮系58。
周转齿轮系58布置在固定轴110上，基本平行于发动机轴12，且由动力系的固定元件42承载。
该机器周转齿轮系包括太阳齿轮56、有利地带有三个行星齿轮62的行星齿轮架60和冠部齿轮66。
行星齿轮架包括管状轴承74，围绕轴110在旋转上自由但在平移上固定。该管状轴承还固定地承载齿轮76，齿轮76与联结至车轴16的齿轮78配合。
当然，与热机周转齿轮系24相似，太阳齿轮56、行星齿轮62和冠部64布置在同一平面内，此处为图1的垂直平面。
两个齿轮76和78的该组装因而在机器周转齿轮58与车轴16之间形成了传动装置79。
由冠部轴112承载的冠部66还包括受控的双作用离合器114，双作用离合器114为卡爪类型，由该冠部在旋转上固定承载，且在冠部上可轴向平移。
该卡爪由控制装置116操作，控制装置116允许获得两个啮合位置(1、2)和一个中立位置(N)。该卡爪意在与由动力系的固定元件42承载的固定联接表面118或与另一个由行星齿轮架60承载的联接表面120配合。
因而，在控制装置116的动作下，卡爪可获得冠部66与固定元件42(位置1)的联接、与行星齿轮架60(位置2)的联接或在中立位置(位置N)而不与两个联接表面中的任何联接。
太阳齿轮56由太阳齿轮轴118承载，太阳齿轮轴118包括固定齿轮124，固定齿轮124与由电机20的转子22承载的齿轮68啮合。
如图2中更为可见的，两个齿轮系之间的旋转联结由两个齿轮126和128的配合提供。这些轮的其中之一126由发动机周转齿轮系24的行星齿轮架48承载，且另一个轮128由机器周转齿轮系58的冠部66的轴112承载。
传动路径130包括在旋转上自由但在平移上固定的齿轮132、由冠部轴112承载的齿轮136和承载卡爪114的冠部66，齿轮132由发动机轴12通过此处为自由轮的单向自动离合器134承载，这为该轮提供了受控的联结。
该变型的对于用于车辆通过热机10的牵引/推进的速度比2至4的操作与前述类似，卡爪114在中立位置或位置2，且根据不同的速度比，离合器26和28或两者都在工作位置，或一个或另一个在工作位置。
在这些速度比中，由于并不使自由轮134可操作，发动机轴12的旋转不再传递至齿轮132，齿轮134的转速高于轴112的转速。转速通过齿轮126、128、136和132的齿数获得。
对于速度比1，两个离合器不工作且卡爪114在位置N或2。
发动机轴12一旦达到足够的转速，自由轮就通过驱动齿轮132旋转而工作。该旋转接着传递至齿轮130，接着至冠部66。
当卡爪114在中立位置N时，冠部66的旋转传递至该齿轮系的行星齿轮架60并通过行星齿轮62传递至太阳齿轮56。
该行星齿轮架60的旋转接着传递至传动装置79，传动装置79接着通过轮76和78驱动车轴16。
当卡爪在位置2时，冠部66和行星齿轮架60锁固在一起，且它们接着以相同速度旋转。
该行星齿轮架/冠部组件的旋转允许通过带有轮76和78的传动装置79驱动车轴16旋转。
图3的变型与图2在包括受控的联结的传递路径的配置方面不同。
如图2，图3中的两个齿轮系24和58之间的旋转联结由两个齿轮126和128的配合提供。这些轮之一126由发动机周转齿轮系24的行星齿轮架48承载，且另一轮128由机器周转齿轮系58的冠部66的轴112承载。
传动路径130包括由发动机轴12通过自由轮134承载的齿轮132，这提供了轴和该轮之间的受控的联结。
该传递路径与图2中的区别在于齿轮132与由基本平行于发动机轴12的中间轴142承载的齿轮140啮合。该轴在元件42的固定轴承144上在平移上固定但在旋转上自由，该轴还承载另一齿轮146，齿轮146与由齿轮系24的行星齿轮架48承载的齿轮148啮合。
因此，传动路径包括齿轮132、提供了发动机轴12与该轮之间的受控的联结的自由轮134、由中间轴142承载的齿轮140和146、由行星齿轮架48承载的轮148、同样由行星齿轮架48承载的齿轮126、由冠部轴112承载的轮128和承载卡爪114的冠部66。
该变型的用于车辆通过热机10或通过电机20的牵引/推进的操作与之前关于图2的描述类似。
图4中的变型接受了图1中的部分配置和图2中的部分配置。
因而，与图2中类似，动力系包括布置在发动机轴12上的发动机周转齿轮系24和布置在另一轴110上的机器周转齿轮系58，以及在机器周转齿轮系58与车轴16之间的由齿轮76和78组成的传动装置79。
此外，作为图3中的变型，两个齿轮系之间的旋转联结由两个齿轮126和128的配合提供。
该动力系还包括用于发动机轴12与传动装置79之间的联结的转动传递路径150，从而允许车辆由按照附加速度比(速度比1)的热机驱动。
该转动传递路径与图1中的相近，包括基本平行于发动机轴12的转动传递轴92。该轴有利地包含通过自由轮94相互连接的两个部分92a和92b(或半轴)。每个半轴92a、92b分别由来自动力系的固定部分42的固定轴承96、98承载。一个半轴的端部承载保持架100，自由轮94布置在保持架100内，且另一个半轴的自由端抵靠该自由轮的直径内侧。
自由轮94因而允许获得两个半轴之间的受控的联结。
半轴92a在其指向发动机10的端部承载固定齿轮102，固定齿轮102与由发动机周转齿轮系24的行星齿轮架48承载的齿轮148配合。另一半轴92b在其与保持架100相对的端部承载固定齿轮104，固定齿轮104与由轴12承载的固定齿轮106配合。
因此，传动路径150包括发动机轴12的齿轮106、与自由轮94关联从而允许获得受控的联结的两个半轴92a和92b、齿轮104和102、由行星齿轮架48承载的轮148、同样由行星齿轮架48承载的齿轮126、由冠部轴112承载的轮128和承载卡爪114的冠部66。
该变型的用于车辆通过热机10或通过电机20的牵引/推进的操作与之前与图2有关的描述类似，其具体特征为自由轮94实现了图2所示的受控的联结的功能。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于混合类型机动车辆的动力系，包括驱动/接受机器(20)、热机(10)、变速装置(14)、机器周转齿轮系(58)和转动传递路径，所述变速装置包括带有太阳齿轮(34)和冠部(44)的发动机周转齿轮系(24)，各通过受控的离合器(26、28)连接至发动机轴(12)并通过单向离合器(30、32)和行星齿轮架(48)连接至动力系的固定部分(42)，所述机器周转齿轮系包括太阳齿轮(56)、冠部(66)和连接至用于至驱动车轴(16)的传动装置(79)的行星齿轮架(60)，所述转动传递路径用于所述发动机轴与所述传动装置之间的联结，其特征在于，转动传递路径(90、124)包括发动机轴(12)与机器周转齿轮系(58)的太阳齿轮(56)之间受控的联结(80)，所述转动传递路径(124)包括齿轮(132)，其通过单向自动离合器(134)连接至发动机轴(12)，并与连接至机器周转齿轮系(58)的冠部(66)的齿轮(136)连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述受控的联结包括受控的离合器(80)。
3.如权利要求2所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述受控的联结包括卡爪(80)。
4.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述受控的联结包括单向自动离合器(94、134)。
5.如权利要求4所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述受控的联结包括自由轮(94、134)。
6.如前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述转动传递路径(90)包括通过单向自动离合器(94)相互连接两个半轴(92a、92b)。
7.如权利要求6所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述半轴中的一个(92b)连接至发动机轴(12)，且另一个所述半轴(92a)连接至受控的离合器(80)。
8.如权利要求6所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述半轴中的一个(92b)连接至发动机轴(12)，且另一个所述半轴(92a)连接至发动机周转齿轮系(24)和机器周转齿轮系(58)其中之一的元件(48)。
9.如权利要求8所述的动力系，其特征在于，另一个所述半轴(92a)连接至发动机周转齿轮系(24)的行星齿轮架(48)。
10.如权利要求1至5和7至9中的任意一项所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述转动传递路径(124)包括齿轮(132)，其通过单向自动离合器(134)连接至发动机轴(12)，并与连接至机器周转齿轮系(58)的行星齿轮架(48)的齿轮(140)连接。
11.如权利要求6所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述转动传递路径(124)包括齿轮(132)，其通过单向自动离合器(134)连接至发动机轴(12)，并与连接至机器周转齿轮系(58)的行星齿轮架(48)的齿轮(140)连接。
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