CN106132746B - 机动车辆牵引单元和机动车辆 - Google Patents

机动车辆牵引单元和机动车辆 Download PDF

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CN106132746B
CN106132746B CN201480072868.0A CN201480072868A CN106132746B CN 106132746 B CN106132746 B CN 106132746B CN 201480072868 A CN201480072868 A CN 201480072868A CN 106132746 B CN106132746 B CN 106132746B
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dynamical system
synchronizer
axis
gear
engine
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CN106132746A (zh
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S·范托利
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2069—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using two freewheel mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2079—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches
    • F16H2200/2084—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches two freewheel mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车辆的推进单元，包括内燃机(10)、变速装置(14)和驱动车轴(16)，内燃机带有轴(12)，变速装置具有带有太阳齿轮(34)和环齿轮(48)的发动机周转齿轮系(24)，太阳齿轮和环齿轮分别通过受控的联接件(26、28)连接至内燃机(10)的轴(12)，且通过单向自动联接件(30、32)连接至车辆的固定部分(48)。联接件(26、28)包括由控制装置(96、98)控制的同步器(68、70)。

Description

机动车辆牵引单元和机动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一用于驱动机动车辆的动力系。
本发明更具体地涉及用于混合类型车辆的动力系。
如已知的，该类型车辆包括动力系，该动力系单独地或结合地使用具有变速装置的、总地为内燃类型的热机和诸如连接至诸如一个或更多电蓄能器或电池之类的电源的旋转电机之类的驱动/接收机器作为牵引/推进驱动装置。
通过减少至大气的排放物的排放和通过减少燃料消耗，该组合提供了优化该车辆性能的优点。
因此，如在城市区域，当车辆由高转矩在宽速度范围内被驱动且限制废气和噪音的产生时，优选地使用电动机器驱动该车辆。
在另一方面，当该车辆用于需要高驱动力和宽运转范围时，用热机驱动该车辆。
背景技术
如从本申请人提交的法国专利申请2,955,165号中已知的，机动车辆动力系包括具有连接至可变速度传动装置的轴的热机，该可变速度传动装置包括发动机周转齿轮系，该周转齿轮系具有通过受控的离合器连接至热机轴和通过单向离合器连接至固定零件的中心齿轮和冠部，以及通过传动路径将速度变化传递至发动机的驱动车轴的行星齿轮架，该传动路径包括包含在行星齿轮轴与车轴之间的元件，从而允许提供该轴与车轴之间的运动学连接。
为了增加当车辆由电动机器驱动时的速度变化容量，申请人将前述文件的变速装置和另一个如本申请人提交的法国专利申请2,962,697号中描述的、将发动机周转齿轮系连接至用于至该车辆的驱动车轴的传动的传动路径的周转齿轮系结合。
为了连续地改进，本申请人通过进一步简化该动力系的可变速度传动装置将其进一步优化。
发明内容
本发明因而涉及一种用于机动车辆的动力系，包括热机、变速装置和驱动车轴，热机带有轴，变速装置具有带有太阳齿轮和冠部的发动机周转齿轮系，太阳齿轮和冠部分别通过受控的离合器连接至热机的轴，且通过单向自动离合器连接至车辆的固定部分，其特点在于，受控的离合器包括由控制装置操作的同步器。
控制装置可包括单个控制件，控制件平移地连接两个同步器。
单个控制件可包括连接棒，连接棒作用于两个同步器的控制构件上。
同步器之一可为双作用同步器。
双作用同步器可包括固定毂、带有两个轮齿接触面的滑动套管和两个同步环。
轴可承载适于与双作用同步器配合的锥形摩擦表面和圆柱形轮齿接触面。
本发明还应用于用于混合类型车辆的动力系，所述动力系还包括驱动/接收机器，所述动力系还可包括另一周转齿轮系，另一周转齿轮系将发动机周转齿轮系连接至驱动车轴。
优选地，驱动/接收机器可通过其转子连接至车轴。
本发明还涉及一种使用动力系的传动装置来获得速度比的方法，为了根据传动比次序来获得不同速度比，所述方法可包含同时移动同步器。
方法可包含通过使轴从发动机周转齿轮系脱离来获得零速度比。
方法可包含通过双作用同步器的手段来获得零速度比。
附图说明
通过阅读此后通过非限制性示例并参考附图的方式进行的描述，本发明其它的特征和优点将会变得清晰，在附图中：
图1是示出根据本发明的的动力系应用于混合车辆的示意图，
图2示意地示出了图1所示动力系的变型，
图3－4示出了图2所示变型的不同状态，
图5为了图1所示动力系的另一变型，以及
图6－8示出了图5所示变型的不同状态。
具体实施方式
在图1中，动力系包括热机10、可变速度装置14和驱动车轴16，该热机10特别地为内燃机并带有来自此处该发动机的曲轴的发动机轴12，从而允许优选地通过差速桥接件20的手段来驱动车辆的驱动轮18。
发动机轴12还实现了接纳轴的功能，但为了简化说明起见，在此后的说明书中，将该轴称作发动机轴，以能够将其与传动装置的其它轴相区别。
在将该动力系用于混合车辆的情况下，驱动/接收机器22与该动力系相关联。
在此后的示例中，该驱动/接收机器为电机，用作驱动车轮的电动机或用作尤其用于为电池充电而产生电流源的接收机器。
当然，可使用任何其他类型的驱动/接收机器，诸如液压的或气动的机器。
变速装置14包括在说明书的余下部分被称作发动机周转齿轮系的周转齿轮系24，带有两个受控的离合器26、28以及两个此处为自由轮30和32的单向自动离合器。
发动机周转齿轮系24包括带有外齿条36并由凸缘38承载的太阳齿轮34。该凸缘固定地安装在被称作太阳齿轮轴的中空轴40上，中空轴40围绕发动机轴12，且相对于该发动机轴在旋转上自由但在平移上固定。在其自由端42附近，该轴置于轴承44上，轴承44由动力系的固定部分46通过被称作太阳齿轮自由轮的自由轮30承载。
该齿轮系还包括带有内齿圈50的冠部48和连接至被称作冠部轴的中空轴54的壳体52，冠部48与太阳齿轮同心布置，中空轴54围绕发动机轴12且保持相对于发动机轴在旋转上自由但在平移上固定。通过布置在距冠部的自由端56一定距离处的、被称作冠部自由轮的自由轮32，该冠部经由其轴54连接至动力系的固定部分46。
当然，两个自由轮30和32布置成冠部48和太阳齿轮34可仅向相同方向旋转，且优选地为与发动机轴12相同的方向。
最后，该发动机周转齿轮系包括行星齿轮架58，行星齿轮架58有利地带有三个呈外齿轮形式的行星齿轮60，相互间以相同的角度间隔(此处为120°)布置且与冠部和太阳齿轮啮合。
冠部的齿圈50、太阳齿轮的齿条36和行星齿轮60因此布置在同一平面内，此处为图1的垂直平面。
这些行星齿轮各由水平销62承载，且在旋转上自由，但在平移上固定。这些行星齿轮销由垂直壁64承载，垂直壁64连接至被称作行星齿轮架轴的管状轴66，管状轴66围绕太阳齿轮轴40且在其上自由旋转。
太阳齿轮轴和冠部轴的自由端各通过呈同步器68和70形式的离合器连接至发动机轴。
中空轴的各端因而承载锥形摩擦表面72、74和圆柱形轮齿接触面76、78。
如广为所知的，同步器68、70各包括制有外齿和内齿的固定毂80、82，固定毂80、82承载带有内齿85、87的滑动套管84、86和优选地为摩擦环的锥形同步环88、90。
固定毂80、82通过其齿旋转地且平移地固定至轴12，而同步环由该毂同心地承载，且相对于轴12在旋转上自由但在平移上固定。滑动套管84、86通过其内齿85、87与毂的外齿的配合而旋转地与毂连接，且能够在该毂上滑动。
因而，为了将中空轴的两端中的一个与另一个连接或将中空轴的两端与轴12连接，首先需要将轴的速度与端的速度同步。
滑动套管因此以诸如呈由杆96、98致动的叉92、94的形式的控制构件之类的任何已知手段被驱动在轴向上向端部位移。该位移导致锥形摩擦环88、90与由中空轴的端部承载的锥形摩擦表面72、74配合，这接着允许中空轴的速度与毂的速度同步。
一旦中空轴40、54的速度达到毂的速度且由此达到发动机轴的速度，滑动套管就继续轴向位移，使得其内齿85、87与中空轴端的圆柱形轮齿接触面76、78配合。一旦实现该配合，就提供了旋转连接，并且中空轴与发动机轴之间不可能有滑动。
使用同步器而不是摩擦离合器提供了许多优势。
尤其，同步器需要较少空间且更易于设置，同时允许获得显著的损耗和加速方面的益处。
此外，其成本小于离合器且具有较小阻力。
如图1中更明显的，传动装置包括在说明书的其余部分被称作机器周转齿轮系的另一附加周转齿轮系100，附加周转齿轮系100布置在基本平行于发动机轴12的轴102上且由来自动力系的固定部分46的轴承104支承。
为了提供两个齿轮系之间的旋转连接，两个连接齿条106、108相互配合。
连接齿条之一106由发动机周转齿轮系24的行星齿轮架58承载，且通过啮合与由机器周转齿轮系100的冠部110承载的另一连接齿条108来配合。
该冠部还包括由紧固至围绕102的管状轴承116的凸缘114承载的内驱动齿条112。
该驱动齿条与行星齿轮架118配合，行星齿轮架118有利地包括三个呈外齿轮形式的行星齿轮120，行星齿轮120由行星齿轮销122承载，行星齿轮120相互间以相同的角度间隔(此处为120°)布置且与冠部110的驱动齿条112的齿啮合。行星齿轮销122由壳体124承载，壳体124紧固至围绕轴102的管状轴承126。
这些行星齿轮还通过与旋转地紧固至轴102的太阳齿轮128啮合而配合，太阳齿轮128包括外齿条130并由凸缘132承载。
当然，对于热机周转齿轮系24，冠部110的齿条112、太阳齿轮的齿条130和行星齿轮120布置在同一平面内，此处为图1的垂直平面。
行星齿轮架的凸缘124还包括外齿条138，外齿条138与联结至驱动车轴16的另一齿轮140配合，从而形成了机器周转齿轮系100与车轴16之间的传动路径。
轴102固定地承载另一齿轮142，齿轮142在此借助凹口带或链，与电机22的转子144配合。
机器周转齿轮系100还承载受控的离合器146，从而允许冠部110或与固定的齿轮142连接，或与动力系的固定部分46连接。
有利地，该离合器包括被称作机器同步器的同步器148，同步器148具有两个联接位置和一个中立位置。该同步器在旋转上固定地由冠部110的管状轴承116承载，且意在控制装置150的效果下，或与固定齿轮142配合，或与动力系的固定部分46配合。
现根据所用的牵引/推进模式的示例的方式描述动力系的各种配置。
对于通过热机10来牵引/推进车辆，机器同步器148位于不工作位置(中立位置)或位于与小齿轮142联接的位置，且同步器68或同步器70位于工作位置。
对于同步器68的工作位置和同步器70的不工作位置(速度比1)，热机10的轴12的旋转驱动太阳齿轮34旋转。太阳齿轮的旋转进而驱动行星齿轮60的旋转，接着驱动行星齿轮架58的旋转。
行星齿轮架的该旋转接着通过连接齿条106、108被传递至机器周转齿轮系的冠部110，机器周转齿轮系将转动传递至其行星齿轮架118并通过齿轮系与车轴16之间的传动路径将转动传递至车轴。
另一方面，对于同步器70的工作位置和同步器68的不工作位置(速度比2)，热机10的轴12的旋转驱动冠部48旋转，该旋转驱动行星齿轮60的旋转，接着驱动行星齿轮架58的旋转。
行星齿轮架的该旋转接着通过连接齿条106、108被传递至机器周转齿轮系的冠部110，机器周转齿轮系将转动传递至其行星齿轮架118并通过齿轮系与车轴16之间的传动路径将转动传递至车轴。
在同步器68和70两者都在工作位置的配置(速度比3)中，热机10的轴12的旋转驱动冠部48和太阳齿轮34的旋转，并由此驱动行星齿轮架58的旋转。行星齿轮架的该旋转接着通过连接齿条106、108被传递至机器周转齿轮系的冠部110，机器周转齿轮系将转动传递至其行星齿轮架118并通过齿轮系与车轴16之间的传动路径将转动传递至车轴。
为了进一步简化动力系，如图2至4所示，可用单个控制装置来控制同步器68、70。
单个控制装置152将同步器68、70的两个滑动套管84、86固定地连接，使得这两个滑动套管同时朝同一方向移动相同的距离。
作为示例，该控制装置可为控制构件92、94之间的连接部分154。
因而，对于速度比1，如图2所示，同步器68提供发动机轴12与太阳齿轮34的旋转连接。由于同步器70不工作，冠部48因而在该发动机轴上在旋转上自由。
对于速度比3(图3)，连接部分154通过控制构件92、94在轴向位移上同步致动同步器68、70从该图的右向左移动。该运动继续直至同步器70提供发动机轴12与冠部48的旋转连接。对于该速度比，发动机轴12与太阳齿轮34通过同步器68的旋转连接保持工作。在该配置中，发动机轴12因而与太阳齿轮和冠部两者连接。
如图4所示，当连接部分的运动朝相同方向继续时，获得的配置为速度比2的配置。在该配置下，同步器68使轴12从太阳齿轮34上脱离，且同步器70保持工作以将轴12连接至冠部48。
当然，对于这三个速度比，太阳齿轮的旋转和/或冠部的旋转再传递至行星齿轮架58。该行星齿轮架接着通过机器周转齿轮系100和与齿条138配合的齿轮140，将这些不同的转速传递至车轴16。
如上所述，两个同步器从右至左的位移允许获得传动比的变化次序，从速度比1至速度比3，并最终至速度比2。
从根据速度比2的配置中，两个同步器的位移方向从左至右的转换允许获得传动比的逆向的变化次序，从速度比2至速度比3并最终至速度比1。
因而，使用同步器而不是离合器，允许以简单、可靠且低廉的方式控制发动机轴与太阳齿轮和/或冠部之间的联接。
为了进一步改进上述变速传动装置，如图5至8所示，其上加设有零速度比或中立点。
如图5中更为明显的，尽管保留了同步器70，但双作用同步器156取代了同步器68，其容纳在轴12上，位于发动机周转齿轮系24与发动机10之间。
该双作用同步器包括外齿固定毂158、滑动套管160和两个锥形同步环166、168，且在轴12上在平移上固定且在旋转上自由，滑动套管160由毂承载且设有两个轴向上相对于滑动套管的垂直中轴线对称的内齿轴承162、164，两个锥形同步环166、168各布置在毂的一侧且互为同轴。
该同步器156适于与中空太阳齿轮轴40的端部配合，中空太阳齿轮轴40承载锥形摩擦面72和圆柱形轮齿接触面76。该同步器替代地适于与锥形摩擦表面170和由紧固至轴12的壳体174承载的圆柱形轮齿接触面172配合。
当然，如上所述，单个控制装置152将同步器70、156的滑动套管86、160的控制构件92、94固定地连接，使得这两个滑动套管同时朝同一方向移动相同的距离。
因而，在图5所示对应于中立点的配置中，发动机轴12既不与中空太阳齿轮轴40联接，也不与中空冠部轴54联接，从而具有允许该轴自由旋转的效果。
同步器70因而不为获得发动机轴12与中空冠部轴54之间的联接而工作，锥形环168和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面164与锥形摩擦表面72和太阳齿轮轴上的圆柱形轮齿接触面76联结，且锥形环166和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面162不与锥形摩擦表面170和由发动机轴承载的圆柱形轮齿接触面172连接。
轴12的转动因而不被传递至滑动套管160且该轴可自由旋转。
为获得速度比1，如图6所示，单个控制装置152控制两个滑动套管86、160从右至左同时位移，以达到以下位置：发动机轴12驱动中空太阳齿轮轴40旋转而不驱动中空冠部轴54。对于该位置，锥形环168和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面164保持与锥形摩擦表面72和太阳齿轮轴40上的圆柱形轮齿接触面76连接，且锥形环166和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面162旋转地连接至锥形摩擦表面170和由壳体174支承的圆柱形轮齿接触面172。
因而，轴12的旋转通过滑动套管160传递至中空太阳齿轮轴40。
对于速度比3(见图7)，装置152控制滑动套管86、160继续从右至左同时位移至以下位置：发动机轴12驱动中空太阳齿轮轴40和中空冠部轴54旋转。
对于该位置，滑动套管160已经移动，但锥形环168和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面164保持与锥形摩擦表面72和太阳齿轮轴40上的圆柱形轮齿接触面76连接，且锥形环166和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面162也保持连接至锥形摩擦表面170和由壳体174承载的圆柱形轮齿接触面172。在该位移过程中，锥形环90和滑动套管86的内齿87与冠部轴54的锥形摩擦表面74和圆柱形轮齿接触面78接触。
为获得速度比2，如图8所示，控制装置152引起滑动套管86、160从右至左同时位移，以达到以下位置：发动机轴12仅驱动中空太阳冠部轴54。
为获得该驱动，同步器70的滑动套管86已经移动，但锥形环90和轮齿接触面87保持与锥形摩擦表面74和冠部轴54的圆柱形轮齿接触面78连接，且提供轴12与冠部轴54之间的连接。在滑动套管160的位移过程中，锥形环166和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面162保持与由壳体174承载的锥形摩擦表面170和圆柱形轮齿接触面172旋转地连接，但锥形环168和滑动套管160的轮齿接触面164从锥形摩擦表面72和太阳齿轮轴40的圆柱形轮齿表面76脱离。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于机动车辆的动力系，包括热机(10)、变速装置(14)和驱动车轴(16)，所述热机带有轴(12)，所述变速装置具有带有太阳齿轮(34)和冠部(48)的发动机周转齿轮系(24)，所述太阳齿轮和所述冠部分别通过受控的离合器(26、28)连接至所述热机(10)的所述轴(12)，且通过单向自动离合器(30、32)连接至所述车辆的固定部分(46)，其特征在于，所述受控的离合器(26、28)包括由控制装置(96、98、152)操作的同步器(68、70、156)，其中，所述控制装置包括单个控制件，所述控制件平移地连接两个同步器(68、70、156)。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述单个控制件包括连接棒(154)，所述连接棒作用于所述两个同步器(68、70、156)的控制构件上。
3.如权利要求1-2中的任一项所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述同步器之一为双作用同步器(156)。
4.如权利要求3所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述双作用同步器(156)包括固定毂(158)、带有两个轮齿接触面(162、164)的滑动套管(160)和两个同步环(166、168)。
5.如权利要求3所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述轴(12)承载适于与双作用同步器(156)配合的锥形摩擦表面(170)和圆柱形轮齿接触面(172)。
6.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的动力系，所述动力系还包括驱动/接收机器(22)，其特征在于，所述动力系包括另一周转齿轮系(100)，所述另一周转齿轮系将所述发动机周转齿轮系(24)连接至所述驱动车轴(16)。
7.如权利要求6所述的动力系，其特征在于，所述驱动/接收机器(22)通过其转子(144)连接至车轴(16)。
8.一种使用如前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的动力系的传动装置来获得速度比的方法，其特征在于，为了根据传动比次序来获得不同速度比，所述方法包含同时移动所述同步器(68、70、156)。
9.如权利要求8所述的获得速度比的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包含通过使轴(12)从发动机周转齿轮系(24)脱离来获得零速度比。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的获得速度比的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包含通过双作用同步器(156)的手段来获得零速度比。
11.一种机动车辆，其特征在于，所述机动车辆包括如权利要求1至7中的任意一项所述的动力系。
CN201480072868.0A 2013-11-15 2014-10-28 机动车辆牵引单元和机动车辆 Expired - Fee Related CN106132746B (zh)

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