CN1804428A - 具有六种固定速度比的电调变速箱 - Google Patents

具有六种固定速度比的电调变速箱 Download PDF

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CN1804428A
CN1804428A CNA2006100048218A CN200610004821A CN1804428A CN 1804428 A CN1804428 A CN 1804428A CN A2006100048218 A CNA2006100048218 A CN A2006100048218A CN 200610004821 A CN200610004821 A CN 200610004821A CN 1804428 A CN1804428 A CN 1804428A
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rotor
planetary gear
gear set
torque transmitter
motor
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CN100523546C (zh
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D·克莱门
M·R·施密德特
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/103—Power split variators with each end of the CVT connected or connectable to a Ravigneaux set
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0052—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/202—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set
    • F16H2200/2023—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set using a Ravigneaux set with 4 connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种双模式、复合分用、电力机械变速箱使用输入构件接收来自发动机的动力，使用输出构件传递来自变速箱的动力。第一和第二电动机/发电机通过控制器可操作地连接到储能装置上，以与储存装置交换电能。变速箱采用三个行星齿轮组，它们与多个扭矩传递装置配合，提供两个不同的齿轮系或动力通路，对应于两种电调工作模式，其中输入构件和输出构件之间的速度比随至少一个电动机/发电机的速度而改变。扭矩传递装置选择性地接合，以便提供六种分立的、固定的速度比。

Description

具有六种固定速度比的电调变速箱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双模式、复合分用(compound split)、混合型电力机械式车辆变速箱，所述变速箱使用三个相互作用的行星齿轮装置，它们可操作地连接到发动机和两个电动机/发电机上。行星齿轮结构提供两种模式，或齿轮系，其可选择性地用来将来自发动机和/或电动机/发电机的动力传送到变速箱的输出构件上。所述变速箱还提供六种可用的固定速度比。
背景技术
车辆变速箱的目的是提供空档、至少一个倒车档，以及一个或多个可将来自发动机和/或其它动力源的动力传递到驱动件中的前进档，其中驱动件将来自车辆的牵引力传递到车辆在其上行驶的地面上。因此根据需要，驱动件可以是前轮、后轮或履带，以便提供所需的性能。
串联推进系统是其中能量沿着从发动机到第一电动机/发电机，再到电存储装置，然后再到可施加动力以使驱动件旋转的第二电动机/发电机上的路径来传送的系统。在串联推进系统中，在发动机和驱动件之间没有直接的机械连接。
适于接收来自发动机驱动的发电机或能量存储装置或这两者的输出动力的变速箱至今在很大程度上依赖于串联的混合型推进系统的设计。这种系统被设计成具有用于较少排放物和最佳燃料经济性的相对较低动力的辅助动力装置(APU)。然而，这种小型APU和甚至较大的能量存储装置的结合不能适应较高平均动力的车辆，或者不能解决需要连续恒速操作的负载循环的问题。使用典型的串联混合型变速箱配置无法实现所需高效率下的陡坡及持续的较高平均经济行驶速度。
因此，需要提供一种可在较宽范围的工作条件下以高效率来操作的动力系统。所需的可电气式调节的变速箱应当兼备用于所需低平均动力负载循环即低速起动/停车负载循环的串联混合型变速箱的优点，以及用于高平均输出动力、高速负载循环的并联混合型变速箱的优点。在并联设置中，发动机所提供的动力以及电源所提供的动力独立地连接到驱动件上，以在较低和较高的平均动力负载循环中确保最高效率。
另外，完善两种模式或两个整体式动力分用齿轮系的概念，其中各模式可供车载计算机同步地选择以将来自发动机和/或电动机/发电机的动力传送到输出轴上，其结果是形成了具有非常广泛的应用范围的混合型变速箱。
通过使用可调的双模式、输入和复合分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱可实现所需的有益效果。这种变速箱利用输入构件来接收来自车辆发动机的动力，并利用动力输出构件来传递动力以驱动车辆。第一和第二电动机/发电机动力控制器连接到能量存储装置如电池组上，以便使能量存储装置可从第一和第二电动机/发电机中接收动力以及向其供应动力。由控制单元来调节能量存储装置和电动机/发电机之间以及第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的动力流。
可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱还可使用至少一个行星齿轮组。该行星齿轮组具有内齿轮件和外齿轮件，其中各齿轮件均与多个行星齿轮件相啮合。输入构件可操作地连接到行星齿轮组中的一个齿轮件上，并提供将动力输出构件可操作地连接到行星齿轮组内的另一齿轮件上的机构。电动机/发电机中的一个连接到行星齿轮组内的其余齿轮件上，并提供将电动机/发电机中的另一个可操作地连接到输出轴上的机构。
可采用扭矩传递装置来有选择地实现第一或第二模式的操作。在此以前，在一个模式中，变速箱的输出速度与一个电动机/发电机中的速度大致上成比例，在第二个模式中，变速箱的输出速度与两个电动机/发电机中的速度大致上成比例。
在可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱的一些实施例中使用了第二行星齿轮组。另外，一些实施例可使用三个扭矩传递装置，两个用来选择变速箱所需的工作模式，第三个可选择性地使变速箱与发动机脱开。在其它一些实施例中，可利用所有三个扭矩传递装置来选择变速箱的所需工作模式。
再次参考单排行星齿轮组，行星齿轮件通常支撑在本身可旋转的托架上以进行旋转。当恒星齿轮保持静止且动力施加于齿圈上时，行星齿轮件响应于施加在齿圈上的动力而旋转，然后绕着固定的恒星齿轮沿圆周“行走”，以实现托架在与齿圈旋转方向相同的方向上的旋转。
当单排行星齿轮组的任两个组件沿相同方向并以相同速度旋转时，将会驱使第三构件以相同速度沿相同方向转动。例如，当恒星齿轮和齿圈沿相同方向并以相同速度旋转时，行星齿轮不再绕它们自身轴线旋转，而是充当楔块来将整个单元锁在一起，以实现所公知的直接驱动。也就是说，托架随恒星齿轮和齿圈一起旋转。
然而，当两个齿轮件沿相同方向但以不同速度旋转时，通常仅通过目视分析便可确定第三齿轮件的旋转方向，但在很多情况下该方向不明显，只有知道在行星齿轮组的齿轮件中所存在的齿数才可确定。
当托架的自由旋转被限制且动力施加到恒星齿轮或者齿圈上时，行星齿轮件充当惰轮。这样，从动件沿着与驱动件相反的方向旋转。因此，在许多变速箱装置中，当选定了倒车档时，用作制动器的扭矩传递装置便被摩擦式促动以与托架接合，从而限制了其旋转，使得施加在恒星齿轮上的动力将使齿圈沿相反方向转动。因此，如果齿圈可操作地连接到车辆的驱动轮上，那么这种设置能够使驱动轮的旋转方向反向，进而改变车辆本身的方向。
如本领域内的技术人员所理解的那样，采用了动力分用装置的变速箱系统可以接收来自两个供应源的动力。采用一个或多个行星齿轮组可允许两个或多个齿轮系或模式，通过它们将来自变速箱输入构件的动力传递到其输出构件上。
于1996年9月24日授权给Schmidt的美国专利No.5558589公开了一种可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱，其中在第一模式中存在有“机械点”，在第二模式中存在有两个机械点，该专利通过引用整体地结合于本文中。于1999年8月3日授权给Schmidt的美国专利No.5931757公开了一种双模式复合分用的电力机械变速箱，其在第一模式中具有一个机械点，在第二模式中具有两个机械点，该专利通过引用整体地结合于本文中。
在第一或第二模式中的变速箱工作期间中的任何时候，当电动机/发电机中的任一个静止时就会出现机械点。无机械点是不利的，因为当电动机/发电机中的一个处于机械点即静止时，从发动机到输出的动力传递会出现最大的机械效率。然而，在可调的双模式输入分用的并联混合型电力机械变速箱中，通常在第二模式中存在一个点，在此时电动机/发电机中的一个并不旋转，以便使所有的发动机动力可机械式地传递到输出处。
对于经常接近它们的最大功率工作的商业用途的车辆、例如公共汽车(transient bus)等而言，上面参考的双模式输入分用的电力机械式变速箱是一种有效的选择。但在非常轻型的车辆中，电动机-变换器系统中产生的损耗在一些实例中会影响燃油经济性。而且，许多轻型车辆的动力-重量因数并不总是减少，例如如果牵引要求确立了发动机大小的话。
发明内容
本发明提供一种改型的双模式、复合分用、电力机械变速箱，它在私人货车中特别有用，在这些货车中典型负载小于最大容量的一半。所述变速箱提供两种可电气式调节的工作模式，其中中，输入构件和输出构件之间的速度比随一个或多个电动机的速度而变。所述变速箱还提供六种固定速度比的工作模式，这样在输入构件和输出构件之间可以有六种不同的分立的速度比可用。分立的速度比在一些实例中提供降低电损耗的手段。变速箱使最大功率能更快地达到，用于通过、牵引和拖拉，并能使用较小的电气组件和高功率发动机一起使用，这在私人货车以及其它轻型汽车中实现时可以节约成本。
这样，所述变速箱在多数实例中提供操作可电气式调节的变速箱(EVT)的手段，其中发动机是在或接近于最小比耗油(BSFC)和/或最小排放下工作，并且还提供在固定速度比模式下的工作手段，在需要非常高的瞬时功率(例如在通过时)或需要较长时期非常低功率时这一点特别有利。
从实施本发明的最佳方式的下述详细介绍中并结合附图，可以容易地清楚本发明的上述特征和优点，以及其它的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1为体现本发明概念的双模式复合分用电力机械变速箱的示意图；以及
图2是用于图1中所示变速箱的固定速度比的真值表。
具体实施方式
参阅图1，图中示出了可电气式调节的变速箱10的示意图。变速箱10包括第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组14、18、22，各组均具有其各自的第一、第二和第三构件。更具体地说，第一行星齿轮组14包括恒星齿轮构件26、齿圈构件30以及行星托架部件34。第一行星齿轮组14是复合式的，所以行星托架部件34可旋转地支持与恒星齿轮构件26啮合的第一组行星齿轮38A。行星托架部件34还可旋转地支持与第一组行星齿轮38A以及与齿圈构件30啮合的第二组行星齿轮38B。
第二行星齿轮组18包括恒星齿轮构件40、齿圈构件30以及行星托架部件48。应指出，齿圈构件30为第一和第二行星齿轮组14、18所共用。相应地，第一行星齿轮组14的齿圈和第二行星齿轮组18的齿圈连接在一起作整体旋转。行星托架部件48可旋转地支持与齿图构件30和恒星齿轮构件40啮合式接合的行星齿轮52。行星托架部件34可操作地连接到行星托架部件48上，与其作整体旋转。或者，在本发明权利要求的范围内，行星齿轮组14、18可以共用同一个托架部件来可旋转地支持行星齿轮38A、38B和52。
第三行星齿轮组22包括恒星齿轮构件56、齿圈构件60以及行星托架部件64。行星托架部件可旋转地支持与齿圈60和恒星齿轮56啮合式接合的行星齿轮68。应指出，在权利要求中使用时，行星齿轮组的第一、第二和第三构件不一定指某一特定类型的构件；所以，例如，第一构件可以是齿圈构件、恒星齿轮构件或行星托架部件中的任何一种。同理，在权利要求中使用时，例如，两个齿轮组中各自的”第一构件”可以是也可以不是同一类型的构件。
变速箱10还包括第一电动机/发电机72和第二电动机/发电机76。配有电储存装置例如电池77，用于在电动机模式下工作时向电动机/发电机72、76提供电流，在发电模式工作时从电动机/发电机72、76接收充电电流。包括基于微处理器的控制器以及适当的倒相电路的电子控制单元(ECU)78将电池77连接到电动机/发电机72、76，并对它们进行控制，以对各种输入信号作出响应，这些输入信号包括驱动器扭矩要求信号(未示出)以及输出轴速度信号(未示出)。在优选实施例中，将电动机/发电机72、76配置成感应式电机，虽然也可以作其它配置。第一电动机/发电机72包括定子80，它刚性地附着在静止构件，例如变速箱的机壳84上。第一电动机/发电机72还包括转子88。转子88通过互连构件例如套筒92连接到第二行星齿轮组18的恒星齿轮构件40上，与其作整体旋转。
第二电动机/发电机76包括附着在机壳84上的定子96和转子100。转子100通过互连构件例如套筒104连接到恒星齿轮构件56上，与其作整体旋转。变速箱10还包括输入构件，例如输入轴108。输入轴108可操作地连接到发动机110上，这是业界技术人员都理解的。输入轴108还可以可操作地连接到齿圈构件30上，与其一起旋转。
行星托架部件34可操作地连接到主轴112上，与其一起旋转。恒星齿轮构件26可操作地连接到套筒116上。行星托架部件64可操作地连接到输出构件，例如输出轴120上，与其一起旋转。输入轴108、输出轴120、套筒92、104、116和轴112都可围绕共用轴线A旋转。电动机/发电机72、76以及行星齿轮组14、18、22均围绕轴线A作同轴排列。
变速箱10还包括多个可选择性接合的扭矩变速装置或离合器C1-C6。具体地说，离合器C1是制动器，配置成选择性地将齿圈构件60连接到机壳84上。离合器C2选择性地将轴112以及第一和第二行星齿轮组14、18的行星托架部件34连接到第三行星齿轮组的行星托架部件64上，并且相应地连接到输出轴120上，作整体旋转。离合器C3是制动器，配置成选择性地将套筒104以及第二电动机/发电机76的转子100和第三行星齿轮组22的恒星齿轮构件56连接到机壳84上。离合器C4配置成选择性地将套筒92以及转子88和恒星齿轮构件40连接到套筒116上，以及相应地连接到恒星齿轮构件26上，作整体旋转。离合器C5配置成选择性地将套筒104以及转子100和恒星齿轮构件56连接到套筒116上，以及相应地连接到恒星齿轮构件26上，作整体旋转。离合器C6是制动器，配置成选择性地将套筒92以及第一电动机/发电机72的转子88和第二行星齿轮组18的恒星齿轮构件40连接到机壳84上。
变速箱10是双模式复合分用电力机械的车辆用变速箱。换句话说，输出构件120通过变速箱10中两个截然不同的齿轮系来接收动力。当扭矩传递装置C1被启动以使第三行星齿轮组22的输出齿轮构件60“接地”时，选择第一模式，或齿轮系。当扭矩传递装置C1被释放，且扭矩传递装置C2同时被启动，将轴112连接到第三行星齿轮组22的托架64时，选择第二模式，或齿轮系。第一和第二模式的特点在于电调操作，其中输入轴和输出轴之间的速度比随转子88和/或转子100的速度而改变。控制器78配置成在第一和第二模式时控制转子88、100的速度和扭矩，其控制方式类似于在2004年9月22日提交的共同转让的待批的序列号10/946,915的美国专利申请中所述，所述专利申请的题目为”Two Mode，Compound-Split，Hybrid Electro-Mechanical Transmission Having Four FixedRatios(具有四种固定比的双模式复合分用混合型电力机械变速箱)”，其通过引用整体地结合于本文中。
参阅图1和图2，控制器78配置成控制扭矩传递装置C1-C6的接合，除提供电调操作的第一和第二模式外，还提供输入轴和输出轴之间的六种分立的、固定的速度比。更具体地说，当离合器C1、C4和C5接合而离合器C2、C3和C6脱开时，获得输入轴108和输出轴120之间的第一固定速度比。当离合器C1、C5和C6接合而离合器C2-C4脱开时，获得第二固定速度比。当离合器C1、C2和C5接合而离合器C3、C4和C6脱开时，获得第三固定速度比。当离合器C2、C5和C6接合而离合器C1、C3和C4脱开时，获得第四固定速度比。当离合器C2、C4和C5接合而离合器C1、C3和C6脱开时，获得第五固定速度比。当离合器C2、C3和C5接合而离合器C1、C4和C6脱开时，获得第六固定速度比。
而且，当发动机110向输入轴提供扭矩时，接合C3和C5提供锁定转子100的手段，从而在电动机76提供的反扭矩足够低时防止电损耗。离合器C3在和离合器C2同时使用时还提供固定的超速传动比能力。离合器C3任选地可以位于C5的鼓形连接上以使恒星齿轮26接地，允许启动发动机的反应。
离合器C4提供以相同速度互锁电动机/发电机72、76的手段。其结果是输入轴108、电动机/发电机72和电动机/发电机76都以相同速度工作。由于它们都被锁定，对变速箱的输入动力可以是发动机110、电动机/发电机72和电动机/发电机76的总和，导致非常高的加速能力。变速箱10可以配备输入离合器(未示出)或其它装置，来选择性地断开发动机110和输入轴108。当发动机与输入轴断开时，离合器C4和C5可以用来提供在电模式(即，或发动机断开)下使用电动机/发电机72、76的手段，并提供再生模式(此时这两个单元同等地共用动力)。这对长坡度很重要，此时需要双倍的冷却区域和单位功率的减少。
当离合器C5开启，且电动机/发电机72通过行星齿轮组14、18连接到发动机110时，所述变速箱可以起串联变速箱的作用。
附加的离合器(未示出)可以将行星托架34、38保持接地。这是在启动时提供反应的另一种手段。停车棘爪120可以连接到行星托架部件64上。
此外，电动机/发电机72可以使用离合器C4并且启动发动机110。在这种情况下，电动机/发电机72的扭矩直接到达发动机110，而没有传动比的机械效益。
在本说明和权利要求书中，关于第一、第二和第三齿轮组，这些组在图中可以以任何顺序(即从左到右，从右到左等)从“第一”到“第三”计数。
尽管已经具体介绍了实施本发明的最佳方式，然而熟悉本发明所涉及领域的人员将会认识到属于所附权利要求的范围内的用来实施本发明的各种替代性设计和实施例。

Claims (9)

1.一种变速箱，它包括：
输入构件；输出构件；静止构件；第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组，每组具有其各自的第一、第二和第三构件；包括第一转子的第一电动机/发电机；包括第二转子的第二电动机/发电机；第一、第二，第三，第四，第五和第六扭矩传递装置；
其中所述输入构件连接到所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第一构件上；
其中所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第一构件连接到所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第一构件上；
其中所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第二构件连接到所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第二构件上；
其中所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接到所述第一转子上；
其中所述第三行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接到所述第二转子上；
其中所述第三行星齿轮组的所述第二构件连接到所述输出构件上；
其中所述第一扭矩传递装置配置成选择性地将所述第三行星齿轮组的所述第一构件连接到所述静止构件上；
其中所述第二扭矩传递装置配置成选择性地将所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第二构件连接到所述第三行星齿轮组的所述第二构件上；
其中所述第三扭矩传递装置配置成选择性地将所述第二转子连接到所述静止构件上；
其中所述第四扭矩传递装置配置成选择性地连接所述第一转子和所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第三构件；
其中所述第五扭矩传递装置配置成选择性地连接所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第三构件和所述第二转子；以及
其中所述第六扭矩传递装置配置成选择性地将所述第一转子连接到所述静止构件上。
2.如权利要求1所述的变速箱，其中，所述第一和第二电动机/发电机以及所述第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组是同轴的。
3.如权利要求1所述的变速箱，其中，所述变速箱还包括可操作地连接到所述第一和第二电动机/发电机的储能装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的变速箱，其中，所述变速箱还包括至少一个控制器，其配置成控制所述电动机/发电机和所述扭矩传递装置，以提供两种工作模式，其中输入构件和输出构件之间的速度比随所述第一转子或所述第二转子的速度而改变。
5.如权利要求4所述的变速箱，其中，所述至少一个控制器还配置成控制所述扭矩传递装置，以便提供所述输入构件和所述输出构件之间的六种分立的前进速度比。
6.一种变速箱，它包括：
输入构件；
输出构件；
静止构件；
第一行星齿轮组；第二行星齿轮组；第三行星齿轮组；
包括第一转子的第一电动机/发电机；包括第二转子的第二电动机/发电机；以及
多个可选择性接合的扭矩传递装置；
其中所述输入构件可操作地连接到所述行星齿轮组之一上；其中所述第一转子可操作地连接到所述行星齿轮组之一上；其中所述第二转子可操作地连接到所述行星齿轮组之一上；其中所述输出构件可操作地连接到所述行星齿轮组之一上；其中所述多个扭矩传递装置配置成选择性地互连所述行星齿轮组、所述输入构件、所述输出构件、所述静止构件以及所述第一和第二电动机/发电机，以便提供两种电调工作模式，其中所述输入构件和所述输出构件之间的速度比随所述第一转子或所述第二转子的速度以及所述输入构件和所述输出构件之间的六种固定速度比而改变。
7.如权利要求6所述的变速箱，其中还包括储能装置，它配置成选择性地从所述第一和第二电动机/发电机接收能量以及向所述第一和第二电动机/发电机发送能量。
8.如权利要求6所述的变速箱，其中，所述第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组每一个包括各自的第一、第二和第三构件；以及其中所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第一构件连接到所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第一构件上；其中所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第二构件连接到所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第二构件上；其中所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接到所述第一转子上；其中所述第三行星齿轮组的所述第二构件连接到所述输出构件上；其中所述第三行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接到所述第二转子上；其中所述多个扭矩传递装置包括第一、第二，第三，第四，第五和第六扭矩传递装置；其中所述第一扭矩传递装置可选择性地接合，以将所述第三行星齿轮组的所述第一构件连接到所述静止构件上；其中所述第二扭矩传递装置可选择性地接合，以将所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第二构件连接到所述输出构件上；其中所述第三扭矩传递装置可选择性地接合，以将所述第二转子连接到所述静止机壳上；其中所述第四扭矩传递装置可选择性地接合，以将所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接到所述第一转子上；其中所述第五扭矩传递装置可选择性地接合，以将所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接到所述第二转子上；以及其中所述第六扭矩传递装置可选择性地接合，以将所述第一转子连接到所述静止构件上。
9.一种变速箱，它包括：
输入构件；
输出构件；
静止构件；
第一行星齿轮组，它包括第一齿圈构件、第一恒星齿轮构件和第一行星托架部件；
第二行星齿轮组，它包括第二齿圈构件、第二恒星齿轮构件和第二行星托架部件；
第三行星齿轮组，它包括第三齿圈构件、第三恒星齿轮构件和第三行星托架部件；
包括第一转子的第一电动机/发电机；
包括第二转子的第二电动机/发电机；
所述输入构件连接到所述第一齿圈构件上，与其一起旋转；所述第一齿圈构件和第二齿圈构件互连以便整体旋转；所述第一行星托架部件连接到所述第二行星托架部件上，与其作整体旋转；所述第一转子连接到所述第二恒星齿轮上，与其作整体旋转；所述第二转子连接到所述第三恒星齿轮上，与其作整体旋转；所述第三行星托架部件连接到所述输出构件上，与其作整体旋转；
第一扭矩传递装置，它配置成选择性地将所述第三齿圈构件连接到所述静止构件上；
第二扭矩传递装置，它配置成选择性地将所述第一和第二行星托架连接到所述第三行星托架上以便整体旋转；
第三扭矩传递装置，它配置成选择性地将所述第二转子和所述第三恒星齿轮连接到所述静止构件上；
第四扭矩传递装置，它配置成选择性地将所述第一转子和所述第二恒星齿轮构件连接到所述第一恒星齿轮构件上以便整体旋转；
第五扭矩传递装置，它配置成选择性地将所述第一恒星齿轮构件连接到所述第二转子和所述第三恒星齿轮构件上以便整体旋转；以及
第六扭矩传递装置，它配置成选择性地将所述第一转子和所述第二恒星齿轮构件连接到所述静止构件上。
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