CN1298434C - 内混合式空气雾化喷射喷嘴组件 - Google Patents

内混合式空气雾化喷射喷嘴组件 Download PDF

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CN1298434C
CN1298434C CNB038103346A CN03810334A CN1298434C CN 1298434 C CN1298434 C CN 1298434C CN B038103346 A CNB038103346 A CN B038103346A CN 03810334 A CN03810334 A CN 03810334A CN 1298434 C CN1298434 C CN 1298434C
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D·C·胡夫曼
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Spraying Systems Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0466Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the central liquid flow towards the peripheral gas flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B05B1/265Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors the liquid or other fluent material being symmetrically deflected about the axis of the nozzle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0892Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being disposed on a circle

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于使液体雾化并喷射的喷嘴,其包括:终止于液体孔口的纵向液体流动通道(12),以用于沿预定轴线引导液体流;垂直于该预定轴线延伸且与该预定轴线相交的多个相交的横截通道(15),每一该横截通道在每一端终止于一出口,该横截通道(15)限定一位于该液体孔口的下游的第一冲击表面,以便使得冲击到其上的液体流分成侧向展开的分散流,该分散流经该横截通道散开;布置成相对于该横截通道的出口呈包围关系的空气环(24),该空气环定向成使得空气沿下游方向排出,以便撞击经该横截通道的出口散开的流体;以及布置在该横截通道和该空气环下游的膨胀腔(29),该膨胀腔与喷嘴排出孔口(30)连通。

Description

内混合式空气雾化喷射喷嘴组件
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种喷射喷嘴组件,尤其涉及这样一种喷射喷嘴组件,其中在从该喷嘴排出之前液体由压缩空气进行雾化。
背景技术
已知的喷射喷嘴组件利用压缩空气将液体分裂成较小尺寸的微粒。这种喷嘴组件在气体洗涤的应用场合中是特别实用的,其中氨或尿素喷射到助燃气体的排出气流中,以便除去一氧化氮或其它的燃烧副产物。这种现有技术的喷射喷嘴所涉及的问题在于,需要较高压力的压缩空气以便实现适当的液体微粒分裂和雾化,这增加了投入和运行成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种喷射喷嘴组件,其可以在较低的空气压力下工作以便有效地使得用于气体洗涤或其它应用场合的液体喷射流雾化,其中排出的喷射流必须具有细微的液体微粒分布。
因此,提供了一种用于使液体雾化并喷射的喷嘴,其包括:终止于液体孔口的纵向液体流动通道,以用于沿预定轴线引导液体流;垂直于该预定轴线延伸且与该预定轴线相交的多个相交的横截通道,每一该横截通道在每一端终止于一出口,该横截通道限定一位于该液体孔口的下游的第一冲击表面,以便使得冲击到其上的液体流分成侧向展开的分散流,该分散流经该横截通道散开;布置成相对于该横截通道的出口呈包围关系的空气环,该空气环定向成使得空气沿下游方向排出,以便撞击经该横截通道的出口散开的流体;以及布置在该横截通道和该空气环下游的膨胀腔,该膨胀腔与喷嘴排出孔口连通。
附图说明
图1是依据本发明的喷射喷嘴组件的垂直截面图;和
图2是依据本发明的喷射喷嘴组件的替代实施例的垂直截面图。
具体实施方式
现参照图1,其中示出了本发明的多级式喷射喷嘴组件10。该喷射喷嘴组件10相对于美国专利5372885中描述的多级式空气雾化喷射喷嘴组件作出了改进,但在某些方面它们是相似的,该美国专利5372885转让给本申请的同一受让人,其披露的内容通过引证在此引入。在所示的实施例中,喷嘴包括多部分的主体,其包括一带有向上延伸的且具有外螺纹的主体部分,以便限定一入口,该入口适于装接到用于将加压流体输送到喷嘴的管路上。喷嘴头定位在该主体部分下面并且可借助联接螺母可拆卸地装接到其上。该喷嘴的一个或多个排出孔口形成在该喷嘴头上,这将在以下详细地描述。
喷射喷嘴组件10的主体包括具有中心纵向延伸的液体通道12的液体流动管11,该液体通道12使得经喷嘴入口流到喷嘴中的液体引导到较小直径的纵向通道14中。该较小直径的纵向通道经由流体孔口17与多个等间距的且相交的横截通道或交叉孔15连通。在这种情况下,每一交叉孔15垂直于该液体流动管的纵向通道12、14的中心线延伸并与该中心线相交。引入到液体通道12中的液体流加速经过该直径减小的通道12,以便撞击由该相交的交叉孔15形成的腔的端壁16。当该加速流体冲击端壁16时,以雾化的液体微粒的半圆扇形或薄片形式向外引导加速流体,以便大致垂直于该通道12、14的纵向轴线排出。重要的是,直径减小的液体通道14的直径不大于交叉孔15的直径,并且优选为小于交叉孔15的直径。
为了进一步增强液体微粒分裂(breakdown),该喷射喷嘴组件包括第二级,该第二级包括内腔20和空气引导件22,该内腔20接收来自多个入口通道21的压缩空气,并且该空气引导件22限定一向内喇叭形的修圆的通道或空气环24,其引导该空气流以便形成并引导平行于该喷嘴组件的纵向轴线的高速环状空气幕。该环状压缩空气撞击从第一级交叉孔15排出的扇形的雾化液体喷射流,以便进一步使得液体微粒雾化。
为了与本发明保持一致,喷射    喷嘴组件10具有包括混合物导向件24的第三级,该导向件24限定一向内渐缩的漏斗部25,以便使得来自第二级的雾化微粒引导到高速中心流体流中。该流体流朝向并撞击到冲击销28的平端面26上,该冲击销从喷嘴头的下端向上突伸。该冲击销还使得雾化混合物的微粒尺寸进一步分裂并减小。随后使得该混合物在膨胀腔29内在冲击销28周围膨胀,以便防止在该雾化混合物中的液体微粒混合到一起并重新形成较大的微粒。
最后,喷嘴组件包括第四级,其包括多个喷射头排出孔口30,该排出孔口30相对于冲击销28周向间隔地形成离开膨胀腔的出口。在所示的实施例中,该排出孔口30相对于喷嘴组件的纵向轴线向外倾斜。当空气流动混合物经多个孔口30排出到大气环境中时,由于释放压力因此液体微粒仍进一步雾化。
已经发现,在较低压力的压缩空气的要求下,该第四级喷射喷嘴组件可有效地使液体喷射流雾化到,尤其可使得氨和尿素液体喷射流雾化到助燃气体流中。参照特定的示例,具有如图1所示的构造的且包括6个排出孔口及4个交叉孔的喷嘴提供了良好的工作效果及以下相对尺寸:
  喷嘴尺寸(GPM)   喷射角度   排出孔口30的面积(平方英寸)   液体孔口17的面积(平方英寸)   交叉孔15的面积(平方英寸)   空气环24的面积(平方英寸)
  0.75   55度   0.0123   0.0123   0.0278   0.0411
所标注的面积是对于每一个排出孔口30和每一个交叉孔15的。
再特别参照图2,其示出了依据本发明的包括第一级和第二混合级的喷射喷嘴组件35的替代实施例,该喷射喷嘴组件与图1所示的喷射喷嘴组件大致相似,只是没有多个排出孔口的喷嘴头和冲击销。作为替代,该喷射喷嘴组件35具有喷射头38,该喷射头带有中心排出孔口39和向内收敛的空气导向腔40,该空气导向腔40引导雾化的液体并使该雾化的液体加速经过该中心排出孔口39。
即使在没有图1的实施例所示的冲击销的情况下,包括喷射管11及交叉孔15、向内喇叭形的空气导向件22、空气环24、向内渐缩的混合腔40的该多混合级的喷嘴组件35可以在较低的空气压力下有效地使得尿素雾化,以便在气体洗涤应用场合中高效使用。实际上,已经发现,图2所示的喷射喷嘴组件35用于喷射尿素是特别的有用的,这是因为向内渐缩的混合腔40直接与排出孔口39连通,这使得液体喷射流快速排出,并且尿素没有结晶的趋势。
参照特定的示例,具有如图2所示的构造的且具有以下的相对尺寸的喷嘴提供了良好的工作效果:
  喷嘴尺寸(GPM)   喷射角度   排出孔口30的面积(平方英寸)   液体孔口17的面积(平方英寸)   交叉孔15的面积(平方英寸)   空气环24的面积(平方英寸)
  0.25   20度   0.0123   0.005153   0.00694   0.0179
  0.5   20度   0.0256   0.0123   0.0278   0.02
  0.625   20度   0.0408   0.01   0.0278   0.02
  0.75   20度   0.0491   0.0123   0.0278   0.04411
0.5GPM(每分钟所耗的加仑数)的喷嘴具有三个交叉孔15,而其它的喷嘴均具有四个交叉孔15。标注的尺寸对于每一交叉孔15。
在此引用的相同领域的所有公开物、专利申请、和专利通过引证将其全部内容结合于此。
为了描述本发明,在说明书(尤其是权利要求书)中所使用的术语“一”、“一个”、“该”应理解成覆盖单个和多个,除非在此或在文中另有清晰说明除外。术语“包括”、“具有”、“包含”、“构成”应理解成开放式的描述,除非另有说明。对数据范围的列举仅仅用作速记方法,每一单独的数据落入该范围内。所有在此描述的方法以任何的适当顺序实施,除非另有说明。所列举的示例的示意性描述(例如“如”)仅仅用于便于描述本发明,而不是对本发明的限制,除非另有说明。在说明书中的任何语言,应理解成说明性的,而非限定性的。
本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,本发明已经参照特定实施例进行了描述,这对于本发明的示意性的,而不理解成限定性的。本发明可以其它的形式来实现。其它变型、改变、变化的实施例也在后附的权利要求的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于使液体雾化并喷射的喷嘴,其包括:
终止于液体孔口的纵向液体流动通道,以用于沿预定轴线引导液体流;
垂直于该预定轴线延伸且与该预定轴线相交的多个相交的横截通道,每一该横截通道在每一端终止于一出口,该横截通道限定一位于该液体孔口的下游的第一冲击表面,以便使得冲击到其上的液体流分成侧向展开的分散流,该分散流经该横截通道散开;
布置成相对于该横截通道的出口呈包围关系的空气环,该空气环定向成使得空气沿下游方向排出,以便撞击经该横截通道的出口散开的流体;以及
布置在该横截通道和该空气环下游的膨胀腔,该膨胀腔与喷嘴排出孔口连通。
2.如权利要求1所述的喷嘴,其特征在于,还包括设置在膨胀腔内的冲击元件,该冲击元件限定一在该横截通道和该空气环下游的冲击表面。
3.如权利要求2所述的喷嘴,其特征在于,该膨胀腔与围绕该冲击元件周向布置的多个排出孔口连通。
4.如权利要求1所述的喷嘴,其特征在于,该纵向液体流动通道包括这样的一部分,该部分相对于该纵向液体流动通道的其余部分具有减小的截面面积,该截面面积减小的部分布置在该纵向液体流动通道的下游端处,以便增加流经其的液体的速度。
5.如权利要求4所述的喷嘴,其特征在于,该纵向液体流动通道的该截面面积减小的部分的截面面积小于每一横截通道的截面面积。
6.如权利要求1所述的喷嘴,其特征在于,该空气环包括沿下游方向向内呈喇叭形的入口部分,以便增加流经其的空气的速度。
CNB038103346A 2002-05-07 2003-05-07 内混合式空气雾化喷射喷嘴组件 Expired - Lifetime CN1298434C (zh)

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AT (1) ATE470505T1 (zh)
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