CN114375320A - 带有生物油加工的催化裂化系统 - Google Patents

带有生物油加工的催化裂化系统 Download PDF

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CN114375320A
CN114375320A CN202080063458.5A CN202080063458A CN114375320A CN 114375320 A CN114375320 A CN 114375320A CN 202080063458 A CN202080063458 A CN 202080063458A CN 114375320 A CN114375320 A CN 114375320A
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oil
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atomizing gas
catalytic cracking
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B·帕特尔
D·波特曼
E·格博尔德佐
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Spraying Systems Co
TEn Process Technology Inc
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Stone and Webster Process Technology Inc
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Abstract

一种催化裂化系统，其中液体烃和生物油由单独的进料喷雾喷嘴组件引导到流体催化裂化单元的反应器立管中。为了保护引导穿过液体生物油进料喷嘴组件的液体生物油以免受高温降解，隔离层设在同心地包围的雾化气体通路中的中心生物油进料管道之间。冷却通道也可设在生物油进料喷嘴组件的喷雾末端中。

Description

带有生物油加工的催化裂化系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2019年7月11日提交的美国临时专利申请No.62/872,965的权益，该美国临时专利申请通过引用的方式并入。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及催化裂化系统，并且更具体而言，涉及适于将生物油液体进料雾化和喷射到流化催化裂化反应器中的喷雾喷嘴组件。
背景技术
流化催化裂化加工在石油精炼工业中是重要的，并且在世界范围内用于将重质烃转化成产品，诸如液化石油气、汽油以及柴油燃料。可再生能源(诸如由像松木片、玉米芯、其它植物以及有机材料的生物油的快速热解产生的生物油)以及植物油作为加工燃料的原油替代品或补充品日益变得重要。流体催化裂化(FCC)过程可类似地用于从生物油生产烃燃料。当生物油与原油的进料协同加工时，可获得期望的结果。由于生物油对温度的不稳定性，在将生物油注入到FCC的立管中时必须小心。使生物油经受高温可引起生物油的过早聚合和喷嘴的堵塞。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可靠、非堵塞性且有效的生物油雾化和注入系统，以用于在流体催化裂化系统中将生物油与烃原料协同加工。
另一目的在于提供一种生物油进料组件，该生物油进料组件可在与催化裂化系统相关联的操作温度下、在与生物油的蒸气、燃料气体、氮气以及其它气体雾化相关联的合理温度下有效地操作。
又一目的在于提供以上类型的生物油进料喷嘴组件，其中液体生物油进料被维持在低于其聚合或分解温度的最佳温度以用于到FCC立管内部的催化剂中的高效雾化，以及在于在与热蒸气或其它雾化气体同时传递穿过甚至相对长的长度(诸如在长度上长达2和6英尺)的进料喷嘴时提供引导。
再一目的在于提供前述类型的喷雾喷嘴组件，其满足保持生物油的完整性的所有要求，并且在结构上为相对简单的，并且有助于经济的制造。
附图说明
本发明的其它目的和优点在阅读以下详细描述并在参照附图时将变得显而易见，在附图中：
图1为说明性流化催化裂化系统的图解描绘，该说明性流化催化裂化系统能够操作以用于将原油进料和生物油进料两者同时注入到催化裂化立管中；
图2为根据本发明的生物进料喷嘴组件的描绘，该生物进料喷嘴组件被安装在催化裂化立管的立管壁内；
图3为本发明的生物油进料喷雾喷嘴组件的放大的纵向截面；并且
图4为用于所示出的生物油进料喷雾喷嘴组件的备选形式的喷雾末端的放大截面，该备选形式的喷雾末端具有用于使排放的液体生物油冷却的冷却通道。
虽然本发明容许各种改型和备选结构，但是已经在附图中示出了其某个说明性实施例并且将在下面详细地描述该说明性实施例。然而，应当理解的是，不意图将本发明限制于所公开的具体形式，而是相反，意图覆盖落入本发明的精神和范围内的所有改型、备选结构以及等同物。
具体实施方式
现在更具体地参照附图中的图1，示出了所示出的流体催化裂化系统10，其能够操作以用于雾化原油和生物油两者并将它们引导到催化裂化反应器12的立管11中。如在本领域中已知的那样，系统10包括反应器12和再生单元14。在此类系统中，催化剂颗粒与被雾化并由液体烃进料喷嘴15引导到立管11的进口中的液体烃(诸如原油)接触。原油进料喷嘴15可具有常规的类型，诸如在转让给与本申请相同的受让人的美国专利5,921,472和8,820,663中描绘的那样，所述美国专利5,921,472和8,820,663的公开内容通过引用的方式被并入在本文中。烃进料的彻底雾化对于使烃进料与催化剂颗粒接触而言为至关重要的，因为液滴大小的均匀和狭窄的分布有助于烃的更快蒸发，从而减少非期望的焦炭的形成，并使得能够实现更有效的产品收率。蒸气典型地被用作雾化气体，并且来自再生单元14的热的催化剂颗粒使进料油在立管11中接触时蒸发，从而作为油蒸发物开始裂化，蒸气和催化剂颗粒在立管11中向上移动。在向上移动期间，随着油的蒸发和吸热裂化反应进行，催化剂颗粒的温度下降。裂化反应使焦炭沉积在催化剂上，从而导致催化剂的失活。催化剂在位于反应器12内部的立管的顶部处与蒸发物混合物分离，该蒸发物混合物分离混有来自催化剂汽提塔的蒸气和烃混合物并被送至分馏器。在焦化的催化剂被送至再生单元14以利用空气烧掉焦炭之前，在催化剂汽提塔中利用蒸气来汽提分离的焦化催化剂。由焦炭沉积物的焚烧释放的热提高了返回至立管的催化剂颗粒的温度，以供给裂化反应所需的热，并且该循环被重复。
如以上所指示的那样，可再生能源(诸如由生物油产生的生物油)作为催化加工中烃进料的替代品和补充品变得日益重要。通过被设计成用于将烃进料注入到FCC单元中的进料喷嘴15来注入生物油已被发现为是非期望的，因为生物油易于分解、生成焦炭并引起堵塞，从而阻碍生物油的高效雾化并且阻碍将生物油引导到立管中。
在执行本实施例时，提供与烃进料喷嘴15分离且不同的生物油进料喷嘴组件20，以用于更高效地雾化液体生物油进料并将其引导到FCC单元的立管11中，其中，类似的液体颗粒被破碎为液体烃油进料。所示出的生物油进料喷嘴组件20(像烃进料喷嘴15一样)以常规方式安装在流化催化反应器12的立管11的隔离壁11a中。在该情况下，生物油进料喷嘴20被支承在管状套筒21中，该管状套筒21以一相对于竖直方向的角度固定在壁11a内，以用于将经雾化的液体生物油向上排放到立管11中。管状套筒21具有向外延伸的凸缘21a，固定于生物油进料喷嘴组件20的支承凸缘20a可固联到该向外延伸的凸缘21a。生物油进料喷嘴组件20具有用于连接到液体生物油供给24的液体生物油入口22(在图2和图3中以图解方式描绘)，和用于连接到雾化气体供给25(诸如蒸气、在精炼厂中加工的燃料气体、氮气、天然气等)的雾化气体入口24(也在图2和图3中以图解方式描绘)。虽然所示出的生物油进料喷嘴组件20被设置在烃进料喷嘴15的上游，但是作为备选，生物油进料喷嘴组件20a可设置在烃进料的上游。
在该情况下，生物油进料喷嘴组件20包括伸长的外圆柱形本体或导管区段25，其基本上延伸进料喷嘴组件20的长度。由于立管壁11a的厚度和进料喷嘴组件20的倾斜安装，喷嘴本体25典型地具有相对长的长度，其在从大约2到6英尺的范围内，这取决于FCC单元的大小。具有排放孔口28的喷雾末端26(在该情况下，呈横切的形式)诸如由焊接件29以邻接关系固联到喷嘴本体25的下游端部。
生物油进料管道或导管30居中地支承在喷嘴本体25内，该喷嘴本体25具有与液体生物油供给24连通的上游端部。在该情形下，中间管道或导管区段31被以包围生物油进料管道25的关系同心地支承，其中中间管道31的外表面和喷嘴本体25的内表面限定环形雾化气体通路32，该环形雾化气体通路32具有与雾化气体供给25连通的上游端部。在该情况下，生物油进料管道30和中间管道31的下游端部类似地分别由焊接件29a,29b固联到喷雾末端26。
所示出的生物油进料管道30与喷雾末端26的中心液体流动通路35连通，该中心液体流动通路35延伸到突出的大体上圆柱形的液体引导鼻状物40中，该突出的大体上圆柱形的液体引导鼻状物40居中地设置在扩大直径混合室41内，该扩大直径混合室41被以包围鼻状物40的关系限定在喷雾末端26内。中心液体通路35与多个交叉孔42(在该情况下，在数字上为四个)连通，所述多个交叉孔42垂直于喷雾末端中心液体流动通路35的中心轴线并且与喷雾末端中心液体流动通路35的中心轴线以相交的关系延伸。虽然在该情况下，所示出的液体引导鼻状物为喷雾末端26的整体部分，但是将理解的是，作为备选，其可为生物油进料管道30的延伸。
被引导穿过中心生物油供给管道30和通路35的加压液体生物油在中心通路35的下游端部处冲击端壁45，在该情况下，该端壁45部分地由交叉孔42限定。在加压的液体生物油撞击在端壁45上时，其破碎成液体颗粒并且被径向地向外引导穿过交叉孔42的排放孔口42a。
同时，经加压的雾化气体被引导穿过环形雾化气体通路32横向跨过相应的径向排放孔口42a到喷雾末端26的混合区41中，从而进一步破碎和雾化横向引导的生物油流。被内部地雾化在喷雾末端26内的经雾化的生物油颗粒随即被以高速引导到喷雾末端26的下游膨胀室48中，以进一步破碎和雾化为将通过喷雾末端排放孔口28排放的入射物。在该情况下，膨胀室48在直径上略微小于上游混合区41，并且具有小于其直径的相对短的轴。
与本实施例的重要方面相一致，生物油进料喷嘴组件20被设计成屏蔽进料喷嘴组件内的液体生物油流动流以免由于同时引导的雾化气体的温度以及催化裂化系统的周围温度而过热。为此，隔离层被设在生物油进料管道与环形雾化气体通路之间，以用于隔离被引导穿过进料管道的液体生物油以免受高温暴露。在所示出的实施例中，中心生物油进料管道30和中间管道31在它们之间限定环形空间50，以用于基本上沿着生物油进料管道30的的长度固持隔离物51，该隔离物51屏蔽经过的液体生物油以免受系统的周围的热。隔离物51优选地为微孔隔离物，其允许引导穿过环形雾化气体通路32的高温蒸气或其它雾化气体的非常低的热导率，该环形雾化气体通路32沿着相对长的喷嘴本体25包围液体生物油进料管道30。隔离物材料优选地为粒状微孔粉末，其在大小上能够在大约0.3-2.25mm之间变化。已发现这样的微孔材料对于防止显著的热传递跨过是有效的，即使在生物油进料管道30与中间管道31之间的腔51的径向空间相对小。在引导到喷雾末端混合室41之前，生物油的这样的温度控制基本上沿着其穿过生物油进料管道30的整个通路发生。由于有效地屏蔽液体生物油以免受周围环形雾化气体通路32中的高温，所以出乎意料地发现，液体生物油在进入到混合室41中之后可维持在大约40°C到70°C的最佳温度范围内，以用于实现来自进料喷嘴组件20的液体生物油的雾化和引导，其中，液滴大小的分布与从烃喷雾喷嘴排放的原油的液滴大小的分布一致。
作为备选，如在图4中所描绘的那样，喷雾末端26可围绕其周边形成有多个在纵向上延伸的冷却通道52，所述冷却通道52与雾化气体通路26连通，以用于围绕喷雾末端的周边引导雾化气体，以进一步降低末端温度。也可使用其它形式的喷雾末端。
可从前文中看到的是，提供了催化裂化系统，该催化裂化系统适于催化裂化单元中的生物油的更高效且更有效的雾化和使用。在穿过进料喷嘴组件期间，液体生物油被有效地屏蔽以免受高温雾化气体影响，以用于最佳的雾化以及最佳的从进料喷嘴到FCC单元的立管中的排放，这与来自烃进料喷嘴的进料的雾化和引导一致。

Claims (20)

1.一种催化裂化系统，包括：
催化裂化反应器；
立管，其向上连通至所述催化裂化反应器；
液体烃供给；
第一进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其安装在所述立管的壁中并延伸穿过所述立管的壁，并且在下游端部处具有喷雾末端，所述第一进料喷雾喷嘴组件具有联接于液体烃供给和雾化气体供给的上游端部，使得被引导穿过所述第一进料喷雾喷嘴组件的液体烃由所述雾化气体雾化，并作为经精细雾化的液体烃喷雾从所述喷雾末端排放到立管中；
第二进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其包括伸长的喷嘴本体，所述伸长的喷嘴本体安装在所述催化裂化立管的壁中并延伸穿过所述催化裂化立管的壁，并且在下游端部处具有喷雾末端；
生物油进料管道，其被支承在所述伸长的喷嘴本体内，所述伸长的喷嘴本体具有连接到液体生物油供给的上游端部，以用于将液体生物油引导穿过生物油进料管道至所述喷雾末端；
所述伸长的喷嘴本体以包围所述生物油进料管道的关系限定环形雾化气体通路；所述环形雾化气体通路连接到雾化气体供给，以用于穿过所述环形雾化气体通路的引导，以用于将从所述液体进料管道和喷雾末端排放的液体生物油雾化成精细颗粒液体生物油喷雾；以及
环形隔离层，其在所述生物油进料管道与所述雾化气体通路之间，以用于隔离被引导穿过所述生物油进料管道的液体生物油免受被引导穿过所述雾化气体通路的雾化气体的热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述环形雾化气体通路被限定在所述伸长的喷嘴本体与围绕所述生物油进料管道同心支承的中间管状部件之间；所述中间管状部件和生物油进料管道在它们之间围绕所述生物油进料管道限定伸长的环形空间；并且所述隔离物层设置在所述生物油进料管道与所述中间管状部件之间的伸长的环形空间内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述隔离物层包括微孔隔离物或等同物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述隔离物层包括粒状微孔粉末，所述粒状微孔粉末具有在0.3-2.25mm之间的粉末颗粒大小。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述隔离物层将传递穿过所述生物油进料管道的液体生物油的温度维持在40℃和70℃的温度范围内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述喷雾末端限定内部混合室，设置在所述混合室内的生物油液体引导鼻状物与所述生物油进料管道连通，所述液体引导鼻状物形成有多个径向排放通路，以用于将被引导穿过所述生物油进料管道的生物油在径向上向外横向引导到所述混合室中，以通过被从所述雾化气体通路引导到所述混合室中的雾化气体来使其破碎和雾化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述径向排放通路在所述液体引导鼻状物部内限定端壁，撞击所述端壁的加压的液体生物油破碎成液体液滴并被在径向上被向外引导到所述混合室中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述喷雾末端包括在所述混合室下游的膨胀室，液体生物油被引导到所述膨胀室中以进一步破碎和雾化为将从所述喷雾末端的排放孔口排放的入射物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述喷雾末端围绕其周边形成有纵向延伸的冷却通道，所述纵向延伸的冷却通道与所述雾化气体供给连通，以用于围绕所述喷雾末端引导雾化气体，以用于冷却所述喷雾末端以免受热的催化剂的辐射。
10.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，所述伸长的喷嘴本体具有在2和6英尺之间的长度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，与所述第二进料喷雾喷嘴组件的雾化气体通路连接的雾化气体供给为蒸气供给。
12.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化系统，其特征在于，与所述第二进料喷雾喷嘴组件的雾化气体通路连接的雾化气体供给为加压燃料气体、氮气或天然气供给。
13.一种用于将液体生物油引导到催化裂化系统的立管中的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，包括：
伸长的喷嘴本体，其用于安装在催化裂化立管的壁内并延伸穿过所述催化裂化立管的壁，并且在下游端部处具有喷雾末端；
生物油进料管道，其被支承在所述伸长的喷嘴本体内，所述伸长的喷嘴本体具有连接到液体生物油供给的上游端部，以用于将液体生物油引导穿过生物油进料管道至所述喷雾末端；
所述伸长的喷嘴本体以包围所述生物油进料管道的关系限定环形雾化气体通路；所述环形雾化气体通路连接到雾化气体供给，以用于穿过所述环形雾化气体通路的引导，以用于将从所述液体进料管道和喷雾末端排放的液体生物油雾化成精细颗粒液体生物油喷雾；
中间管状部件，其围绕所述生物油进料管道同心地支承；所述中间管状部件和生物油进料管道在它们之间围绕所述生物油进料管道限定伸长的环形空间；以及
隔离物层，其在所述生物油进料管道与所述中间管状部件之间设置在所述伸长的环形空间内，以用于隔离被引导穿过所述生物油进料管道的液体生物油免受被引导穿过所述雾化气体通路的雾化气体的热。
14.根据权利要求13所述的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其特征在于，所述隔离物层包括微孔隔离物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其特征在于，所述隔离物层包括粒状微孔粉末，所述粒状微孔粉末具有在0.3-2.25mm之间的粉末颗粒大小。
16.根据权利要求13所述的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其特征在于，所述隔离物层将传递穿过所述生物油进料管道的液体生物油的温度维持在40℃和70℃的温度范围内。
17.根据权利要求13所述的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其特征在于，所述伸长的喷嘴本体具有在2和6英尺之间的长度。
18.根据权利要求13所述的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其特征在于，与所述第二进料喷雾喷嘴组件的雾化气体通路连接的雾化气体供给为蒸气供给。
19.根据权利要求13所述的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其特征在于，所述喷雾末端限定内部混合室，设置在所述混合室内的生物油液体引导鼻状物与所述生物油进料管道连通，所述液体引导鼻状物形成有多个径向排放通路，以用于将被引导穿过所述生物油进料管道的生物油在径向上向外横向引导到所述混合室中，以通过被从所述雾化气体通路引导到所述混合室中的雾化气体来使其破碎和雾化。
20.根据权利要求1所述的进料喷雾喷嘴组件，其特征在于，所述喷雾末端围绕其周边形成有纵向延伸的冷却通道，所述纵向延伸的冷却通道与所述雾化气体供给连通，以用于围绕所述喷雾末端引导雾化气体，以用于冷却所述喷雾末端以免受热的催化剂的辐射。
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