CN1278649C - 抽取体液的系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
从人体部位,特别是从手指肚提取体液的系统,它含有一个压缩单元和抽取装置,当人体部位压住压缩单元时,压缩单元变形,从而使人体部位的某区域内的内压升高。压缩单元的变形把初始施压动作部分转换为二次移动,导致人体部位某区域内压的升高。本发明还涉及一个使用可变形的压缩单元刺激体液流出的系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及从人体部位,特别是从手指肚抽取体液的系统。抽取体液主要用于进行后续的分析,以供诊断疾病或监视患者的新陈代谢之用。尤其对糖尿病患者,实施这样的抽血,以确定血糖浓度。这种一天数次血糖检测的目的是避免低血糖以及高血糖。低血糖可以使病人陷入昏迷状态,甚至导致死亡,这是因为低血糖不能给大脑提供充足的葡萄糖。相反,高血糖可导致多种副作用,例如失明,坏疽等。
背景技术
因此毫无疑问,经常检测血糖含量是必要的。由此,显然急需一种使用者可以容易操作的,最重要是能减除痛苦的系统。
在现有技术中,抽血系统被人们认识已有很长时间,病人和医务人员采用这种系统可以很方便地进行抽血。手头上实用商品的例子是Softclix,在US 5,318,584中描述了它的工作方式。这个装置提供了调节刺血针插入组织深度的方法。因而患者可以选择最小的刺破深度,获得正好够分析的血量,减小刺入疼痛。在刺破患者皮肤后,特别是在刺入深度很小时,必须按摩和压迫患者的手指,以便从刺伤的破口中抽取足够的血量。这种被糖尿病患者常称之为“melken”的方法至今只是在过深的破口使患者感到不悦,并在一碰就疼的手指肚上产生严重结疤的时候才被避免使用。在现有技术中,试图采用一种通过真空提高抽血量的公知装置,然而效果甚微。
在现有技术公开知另一种的设备中,一个用环压迫皮肤表面的所谓刺激器,包围住刺入位置。在例如US 5,582,184中描述了这种获取间质体液的设备。压迫皮肤表面所使用的环是由刚性材料制成的。使用这设备只能获得少量的液体,不够商业上通用的分析系统使用。
US 5,857,983公开了另一种装置,在这种装置中用一个注射插管插进皮肤表面,用上述刺激器反应压迫包围刺入位置的皮肤表面,以便把体液压进到注射插管里。在这种装置中使用类似上述文件所述的一个刚性环压迫皮肤表面。同样,用这种装置获得的体液量也不够商业上通用的分析系统使用。
在US5,951,493中同样描述了一种抽血装置,该装置也使用如上述US专利所述的刺激器。此外,在图15至17描述了一种装置,该装置在向人体表面施压的区域装备杆(104),在装置压到皮肤表面时,杆在横向上压住一个皮肤部位。在这个专利描述的装置是特别用于从手指肚之外的其它位置抽取体液的。此外,文献显示,输送到皮肤表面的体液是通过重复压迫装置实现的。
文献US 3,626,929公开了一种的装置,在抽血前把手指夹在一个杆和一个手指支架之间。由一个马达推动手指支架,以便按摩刺入装置的邻近部位。为取样把使用者的手指压在一个柔性的帽上,在帽里放着针和液管。这种装置的不利之处在于,为了取样而得针保留在人体里,在这种状况下推动手指支架。这导致针在手指里移动,造成极大的疼痛。此外,因为针处在手指中时手指中的针堵塞了通道,因此血极有可能会流不出。在图11和12中示出一种收集容器,它有一个柔性施压区域。基于施压区域向着手指锥形扩张的形状,初始施压动作没能转换为横向的,压住抽取区域的移动。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种抽取体液的系统,它在刺入深度浅的条件下,能提供足够蛳的体液,特别是血。此外,本发明的目的还在于提供一种易于操作,结构简单的系统。简单的意义是特指操作步骤的数量尽可能的小。
本发明另外的目的是能方便地从手指肚抽取血样,并且要考虑到手指的大小以及手指上不同的穿孔位置。
因而,本发明涉及从人体一个部位,特别是从手指肚抽取人体液体的系统,它具有如下的结构:
-一个压缩单元,人体部位以一个初始方向按在上面,压缩单元所施加的压力的一部分转换成第二方向上的运动,其具有垂直于初始方向的分量压缩单元,由此提高了人体区域内部的内部压力,
-刺孔装置,特别是一个刺血针或注射插管,其用于在内部压力被提高了的人体区域里刺出一个开口,其中压缩单元有一个由可变形的材料制成的施压区。
该施压区在施压前开口的内宽为4mm或更大些。
此外,本发明还涉及一个刺激人体液体从人体部位涌出的系统,刺激人体液体涌出的方法以及提取体液的方法。
使用本发明所述的压缩单元,使用者可以舒服地简单的模仿上述的挤奶动作,从剌破位置处挤压出血样来。压缩单元不只是比现有技术所用加压装置提供的体液量多,而且患者感到压迫-和抽取过程明显舒服。这是由于压缩单元舒服地紧贴在人体部位,特别是手指上。另外的因素是压缩单元可以以很小的刺入深度,获得足够量的体液。
此外,本发明的重要优点在于,通过使用带有由可变形材料制成的施压区域的压缩单元,可以借助该压缩单元可靠的,感觉舒服的从各种形状的人体部位上抽取人体液体。尤其是可以容易的、可靠的从各种不同大小的手指上抽取。此外,用可变形的材料来适应被施压人体部位的各种形状(手指侧面及手指尖)。
使用本发明的所述系统,特别有利于从手指肚中抽取毛细血。此外,也可以从其它人体部位,例如,从臂上抽取血液或间质液体。
系统中最重要的部件是压缩单元,它使得人体部位不只是在初始施压方向上形成挤压,而且至少有部分压力发生转向,使致于所述压力在垂直于初始压力方向上产生力分量。由此在人体部位进行抽取的区域受横向挤压。这个有利的压缩的作用将在下面根据实施例详细加以说明。通过压缩单元,使在人体部位的一个区域内的内部压力提高。内部压力被提高的区域与施压的区域相邻,或是被施压区域包围的区域。现在可以用刺孔装置在内部压力被提高了的区域进行刺孔,抽取人体液体。
压缩单元包含一个由可变形材料组成的挤压区域。这种材料一方面让使用者在抽取过程中感到更加舒适,另一方面能够易于适应各种形状和大小的人体部位。可采用诸如弹性体,橡胶等类的可变形合成材料作为挤压区域可变形材料。最好将挤压区域制成环形状。这在技术上明显不同于在US 5,951,493的图15至16所描述的装置。在现有往技术的装置中,结构布置采用分离的杠杆臂,横向压紧人体表面。这有许多不利之处。由于杠杆臂存在一定距离,导致皮肤在杠杆臂之间存在未被触及之处。所以对皮肤表面的横向压迫并不完善,甚至最糟糕的情况是,当这分开的杠杆臂彼此移动时可能会把皮肤加在杠杆臂之间。最后还应注意到,现有技术的装置即没有考虑,也不适合于各种不同大小或不同的人体表面。这种装置主要考虑,从相对于手指肚弯曲度较小的臂上抽取体液。通过使用由可变形材料制成的,最好是环形的挤压区域,可以避免上述的问题。
抽取体液的系统还有一个刺孔装置,用于在人体上刺孔。这种的刺孔装置楞以中刺血针或注射插管。
如果是刺血针,刺后最好要完全从组织中拔出,这样体液易于从刺破处涌出。如果是注射插管,可以在刺入最深处停留,以便从这个深度抽取体液,或拔出到皮肤表面,从这里抽取体液。也可以部分拔出注射插管,固定刺破通道的一部分是开放的,注射插管仍然保持在皮肤里。由此,一方面可以改善液体流经开放的刺破通道时涌出,另一方面,不再需要把注射插管放置在人体表面。
刺孔装置最好可以通过在压缩单元中的或挤压区域中的一个开口进入到人体表面。为得到不同的刺入深度,以适应不同的皮肤类型和获得所需的血量,具有变化的刺入深度是有好处的。为了获得一个确定的(和可能的话,事先调节)刺入深度,刺孔装置相对于压缩单元可以移动的布置是特别有利的。装置的可移动性包含两个可以相互联系的方面,第一方面,刺孔装置相对于压缩单元是弹簧支撑的,这样当人体部位挤压压缩单元时,刺孔装置的前侧或触块弹性地贴在人体表面。刺孔装置施加在人体表面的压力在1至5N范围是有利的,最好是大约2N。使用较大的力时会有把处于方向下区内的体液出的危险。
第二方面,刺孔装置和压缩单元的相互可移动性涉及刺孔装置向穿孔位置移动和从这个位置离去,以便为抽取装置实施抽取体液留出空间。这方面对一个集成布置是特别重要的,在这个集成布置中,不仅要抽取血样,而且还要进行分析。
在本发明的优的实施例中,分析系统被集成在抽取体液的系统里。这种分析系统在现有的技术中早就是人所共知的了。例如取名为Accucheck Plus○和Accucheck Advantage○的商用分析系统。通常为消费者设计的分析系统使用一次性的测试元件,它与受检液体接触后,产生一个与分析物浓度相关的信号。在血糖测量领域,不仅使用了光学测试元件,其由葡萄糖与一种测试化学剂反应,引起颜色的变化,而且也使用了电化学测试元件,其通过葡萄糖的酶转换使得测量电流和电势的分析成为可能。把测试元件设计成能激励抽取体液的结构是有利的(例如通过毛细间隙的方法)。
根据本发明所述的系统,简单的将抽取单元与一个分析系统集成在一起,或第一次实现这样的集成。如前所述,现有技术通常是,在皮肤上刺出口后经人工压迫挤出体液,这意味着患者必须把人体部位从抽取装置中移开。使用本发明的系统,患者就可以把人体部位压在可变形的压缩单元上,在那里保持压迫状态,完成在皮肤上刺孔和抽取。它自动化程度很高,患者只需压住压缩单元,所有后续步骤直至给出分析结果都是自动进行。
刺孔装置和分析系统的集成涉及的优点不仅是空间的集成,而且还有工艺的集,这可以免除使用者的人工步骤。这种系统相应的优点还在于有一个控制单元,它同时控制激励抽取装置,抽取人体液体,和输送人体液体到分析系统进行分析。
附图说明
下面参照图示详细解释根据本发明所述系统的实施例:
图1是压缩单元的透视图和截面图;
图2是手指尖施压区域的透视图和截面图;
图3是手指 压在根据图1所的压缩单元上的行程-压力图;
图4是压缩单元另一个实施例的截面图;
图5是用图1所述压缩单元分析体液的集成系统;
图6是用于分析体液的集成系统,其含有一个压缩单元,一个刺孔装置以及一个分析单元。
具体实施方式
图1表示可变形压缩单元的第一实施例。在图1A所示的透视图中,压缩单元10被安置在一块板20上。从图1B的截面图可知,为了进行抽取,压缩单元设有二个锥形的区域10a,10b,作为施加压力的区域。施加压力区域的上部10a向着板20的方向逐渐变细,接着在下部区域10b向着板的方向逐渐变粗。压缩单元是由可变形塑料制成的,在所述例子中是聚氨酯。也可使用聚硅氧烷和橡胶。重要的是,压缩单元能在很轻的压力下变形,同时又有足够的刚性,以便能产生必要的反弹力和足够的横向压力。材料合适的硬度应小于90肖氏,最好是小于50肖氏,最优选是20至40肖氏。
通过截面上二个相对的箭头结构,和通过可变形性,人体部位最初的垂直于板20的动作至少部分转换为横向的移动。由此相应的次级的移动压迫人体部位,即使用者通常作的人工挤奶动作。
使用图1所示的肖氏硬度为30的压缩单元,许多病人的刺穿深度已达0.7mm,从手指肚获得1.5-3μl的血量。所获得的血量基本上是由与压缩单元一起被压缩的组织容积所决定,由于这个限定的原因,血量也就被限定住了,从而避免了血量过多的卫生问题。
本发明还包含这样的结构,在这结构中,人体部位相对于压缩单元的初始动作至少部分转成垂直的动作。因此,在一次级例子中还应包含一种系统,在该系统中缺少压缩单元的上部区域10a,初始动作向二次动作的转换只是通过下部部件10b完成。可变形所包含的概念不仅体现在这种如图1所示实施例中的可变形材料,而且还应包含这样的实施例,它的几何形状通过初始动作而变形或改变。这种实施例的例子降在下面连同图4一起加以说明。
图2表示图1中压缩单元的动作和作用。从图2A可看出,使用者用身体的某一部分,最好是手指尖压在压缩单元上,带动压缩单元压下,压缩单元的内部宽度12变小。由此手指尖部位受压,这个区域50的内部压力提高。内部宽度12处在理想的8至11mm的范围之内,该范围不仅适合于成年人也适合于小孩的手指。
从图2b还能看出,在这个实施例中,压缩区域10a,10b不仅出现平行于板20的二次移动,而且向下成拱形。压缩单元的这种变形行为增强了在夹住人体部位内的压力作用,有利于提高内部的压力。在图1中所示的压缩单元中变形材料具有压下区域的特别优点在于,它适合于人体部位的结构。同时它还可能从手指尖侧面抽取血样,这是刚性施压设备所不能作到的。
通过适当地选择材料的厚度和硬度,使用者在压下压缩单元时能应感觉到压缩单元部分被重叠的感受。由此使用者能感受到抽取的血样的压力是否足够。然而,根据本发明,压缩单元操作的基本原理仍然保留了不出现有效感受到这种重叠的结构。
由图2可以看出,在压缩单元10和板20之间的连接区域14内,在施压情况下出现大的拉应力。由此断定,拉应力非常有利于结构的功能。其优点在于确保压缩单元与板之间的动态耦合,尤其是在区域14内把二个部件相互连接。
从图2看出的其它细微部分是,压下区域厚度d的意义。在压下的情况下,上方的压下区域和下方的压下区域相互重叠,导致人体部件向压缩单元施加一个更大的压力。
从图3可以看出上述压缩单元的折叠效应。横坐标表示手指尖相对于压缩单元的路径长度mm。纵坐标是手指和压缩单元之间的推斥力。从图3可看出,在手指开始压下时推斥力增加,经过一个最大值后重新又降低。在图2所示的状态(最大值)相应的位置是5mm。越过力的最大值时使用者感受一个折叠的感觉,这同时告诫使用者,他的手指压在压缩单元上的力是足够了。越过最大的力是有利的,因为这促使使用者,将手指持续压在压缩单元上,完成刺孔和抽血。
图4表示与图1和2相似的实施例,然而其压缩单元是由刚性的元件构成的,刚性元件在人体部位的压力作用下被弯曲,使致压缩单元的几何结构总体发生变形。图4的压缩单元有许多薄片11,它们各自相距一段距离,薄片在它们的外侧有一个斜面21,,当薄片单元受压滑进张力环22中时。通过这个斜面,它们一起移动在压下区域里,薄片11被一个由弹性材料制成的罩23所覆盖。在这个实施例中,手指初始的压力行为也会产生一个垂直于初始压力方向的二次动作,它导致对皮肤表面侧面的压力。从图4b中可以看出,在人体区域产生一个较高的内压50。弹性材料的罩23的作用,一方面使皮肤不会被夹住在薄片之间,另一方面使压缩单元适应于压下的人体部位的几何形状。
图5表示分析体液的集成系统,它包含一个图1所示的压缩单元。如上所述,压缩单元有一个开口,其上是人体部位施压的地方。刺孔装置通过压缩单元里的开口可以触及人体部分,不仅可以在皮肤上刺出小孔,而且还可以通过这个小孔抽取体液。在图5所示的实施例中,穿孔装置包含一个针60,这个针插入施压区域,并在那里停留收集体液。针60连到一个分析区域62,它依据分析浓度改变所示试样的颜色。为进行分析用一个光源L照射分析区域62,有一个探测器D探测反射的光束。用一个控制单元71控制光源L,探测器的信号通过一个分析单元72进行分析。分析单元72最好也控制单元71。分析单元72分析探测器的信号,以便确定体液中所包含的分析物的浓度。分析结果通过一个输出单元73输出,所述输出单元例如是一个LC-显示器。
图6表示一个集成系统,用这个系统对皮肤剌孔,接着采血样自动分析。该系统包含三个功能单元:一个压缩单元10,一个刺孔装置80,以及一个分析系统90,上述单元分别可移动地安装在一个线性导向单元100上。线性导向单元100由一个导向滑轨组成,滑轨上固定着三个可移动的的滑动座架101,102,103。第一个滑动座架101借助一个齿轮104和一个齿条105,通过一个伺服驱动装置(所选视图中未显示)移动。通过一个弹簧106将第一个滑动座架101的移动传递到第二个滑动座架102,并带动固定在其上的刺孔装置80。由于弹簧的作用,刺孔装置作用在手指上的压力在行进中可以一直保持恒定。这个力不应超过2N。压力过大存在,着在压迫和穿刺时,已集聚在手指尖的血会从密封的容积被挤压出来的危险。由此将潜在地减少采血量。用一个带有凸轮盘的伺服驱动装置107可以操纵一个刺孔装置的驱动电钮81。压缩单元10是被安装在第三个滑动座架103上,并通过一个可调节的弹簧108,以大约10-15N的压力压在一个上档块109上。使用者用手指施的力使,第三个滑动座架103向下对着限位开关110移动。没有达到最终位置之前,即第三个滑动座架没到限位开关的位置之前,不能开启下一步的动作。为此,限位开关与系统单元控制激活/开动的过程控制器相连。这个系统还包含一个分析单元90,它带有测试条纹91,测试条在一个支架单元92中以可旋转地安装在一个驱动轴93上。通过一个蝶形弹簧完成从驱动轴到支架单元的旋转力矩传递。测试条纹作用在手指上的压力几乎与旋转角无关。压力大约为1N,并且这个值基本上不应高与这个值。过高的压力封闭已刺破了的通道,此外还排挤在封闭的,压缩的组织里被拦蓄的血容积。在所选的图示中只能部分看到带动驱动轴(93)的伺服驱动装置94。
进行测试的过程:
把刺血针插入刺孔装置(刺孔装置80),夹紧刺孔装置(可以自动完成),然后把刺孔装置放入支架82中。在支架单元92内放上未使用的测试条91。
开始时支架92所处的位置可以容许穿孔装置向压缩单元10的方向移动(摆动)。接着实施刺孔,刺孔装置继续进入到压缩单元里,当套上压缩单元,并施压时,使用者能感觉到刺孔装置的前端部。在这个位置上刺孔装置施加的压力由弹簧106控制(大约2N)。使用者在手指上施加的过大的力将借助弹簧108和限位开关110所监测,监视其整个测量过程10-15N。抬起手指测量终止。
如果使用者手指放置正确,测量过程开始,而且测量过程自动开始。
伺服驱动装置107操纵一个刺孔装置80的驱动电钮。刺孔程序后立即把刺孔装置从手指尖移开,并固定在让分析单元可以无干扰地移动的位置上。等待3-10秒的时间从刺伤处出现积蓄的血容量,并在皮肤表面形成滴。在等待期间过后,分析单元摆到皮肤表面,测试条的开口浸入血滴里。在这个过程中,由蝶形弹簧调节大约1N的最大压力。一旦测试条的测试区域被充分使用,监视器便通知使用者,可以收回手指。所获得的测量结果显示在LCD上。这个程序也可能有些改变,如移动分析单元到皮肤表面,并保持在那里采血。在优选的实施例中,监视测试条纹是否被血充分浸润,并把监视结果通知使用者,从而使用者可以把手指拿开。这个程序可以减少使用者压迫人体部位的时间。在上述的第二种程序中,最好不要把测试条压在人体上,而只是接近皮肤表面,由涌出的血浸润它。
Claims (18)
1.从人体的一个手指肚抽取体液的系统,它含有:
—一个压缩单元,手指肚在初始方向上按在该压缩单元上面,该压缩单元使所施加的压力中的一部分转变成沿第二方向的运动,所述沿第二方向的运动具有垂直于初始方向的分量,从而使该压缩单元受横向挤压,以及使该压缩单元的内部宽度变小,由此提高了手指肚内部的内部压力,
—刺孔装置,其用于在内部压力被提高了的手指肚中刺出一个创口,为此压缩单元有一个由可变形材料制成的施加压力的区域。
2.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于,施加压力的区域有一个带边的开口,手指肚压在边上,导致该开口的内部宽度变小。
3.根据权利要求2的系统,其特征在于,所述边的形状是圆形的。
4.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于,施加压力区域具有一个开口,刺孔装置可以通过这个开口渗入到内部压力被提高了的区域,该区域位于手指肚上。
5.根据权利要求3的系统,其特征在于,压缩单元上方有一个锥形的逐渐变小的区域,以及相连的下方区域,下方区域是锥形扩大的。
6.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于,施压区域是由一种弹性体制成的。
7.根据权利要求2的系统,其特征在于,在施压前,该带边的开口的内宽为4mm或更大些。
8.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于,刺孔装置布置成可以相对于压缩单元移动。
9.根据权利要求8的系统,其特征在于,刺孔装置是弹簧加载的。
10.根据权利要求1,8或9的系统,其特征在于,刺孔装置的刺入深度是可调节的。
11.根据权利要求1或8的系统,其特征在于,设有抽取体液用取样装置。
12.根据权利要求11的系统,其特征在于,取样装置布置成可以相对于压缩单元移动。
13.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于,集成了一个是用来确定分析物的浓度的分析系统。
14.根据权利要求13的系统,其特征在于,集成了一个控制单元,它协调控制刺孔装置和分析系统的启动。
15.根据权利要求13的系统,其特征在于,压缩单元具有一个开口,通过该开口,分析系统能移动到内部压力被提高了的区域,以便采集体液,该区域是手指肚上的一个区域。
16.根据权利要求13的系统,其特征在于,分析系统至少含有一个测试元件。
17.根据权利要求11的系统,其特征在于,该取样装置是一种针或一种具有毛细管作用的材料,所述针或毛细管材料与分析区域连接,当存在分析物时,发出与浓度有关的信号。
18.促使从一个人体的手指肚流出体液的系统,含有一个压缩单元,该压缩单元把由手指肚在初始方向所施加的压力部分转换为沿垂直于初始方向的第二方向上的移动,从而使该压缩单元受横向挤压,并使该压缩单元的内部宽度变小,从而提高了手指肚的内压,其中,该压缩单元具有一个由可变形材料制成的施压区域。
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- 2000-07-12 US US09/614,570 patent/US6589260B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US10638963B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2020-05-05 | Drawbridge Health, Inc. | Devices, systems, and methods for sample collection |
USD892310S1 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2020-08-04 | Drawbridge Health, Inc. | Device for sample collection |
US10888259B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2021-01-12 | Drawbridge Health, Inc. | Cartridge assemblies for storing biological samples |
US10932710B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2021-03-02 | Drawbridge Health, Inc. | Carriers for storage and transport of biological samples |
US11298060B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | Drawbridge Health, Inc. | Devices for collecting biological samples |
USD949329S1 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2022-04-19 | Drawbridge Health, Inc. | Device for sample collection |
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CA2410299C (en) | 2007-04-03 |
US20040030353A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
KR20030004433A (ko) | 2003-01-14 |
ES2359492T3 (es) | 2011-05-24 |
DE10026172A1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
US8523894B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
JP3659919B2 (ja) | 2005-06-15 |
PL360109A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 |
CA2410299A1 (en) | 2002-11-22 |
AU7634401A (en) | 2001-12-03 |
PL197819B1 (pl) | 2008-04-30 |
KR100641620B1 (ko) | 2006-11-02 |
AU2001276344B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
JP2003533323A (ja) | 2003-11-11 |
US7291159B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
JP4180056B2 (ja) | 2008-11-12 |
KR20050099555A (ko) | 2005-10-13 |
BR0111120A (pt) | 2003-04-08 |
DE50115772D1 (de) | 2011-02-24 |
WO2001089383A3 (de) | 2002-06-27 |
US6589260B1 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
CZ299524B6 (cs) | 2008-08-27 |
KR100586210B1 (ko) | 2006-06-07 |
EP1289422A2 (de) | 2003-03-12 |
MXPA02011526A (es) | 2003-04-25 |
CN1438853A (zh) | 2003-08-27 |
HK1058468A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
EP1289422B1 (de) | 2011-01-12 |
ATE494836T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
US20080021494A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
JP2005103329A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
WO2001089383A2 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
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