CN1217969C - 具有内润湿剂的水凝胶 - Google Patents

具有内润湿剂的水凝胶 Download PDF

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CN1217969C
CN1217969C CN018098894A CN01809889A CN1217969C CN 1217969 C CN1217969 C CN 1217969C CN 018098894 A CN018098894 A CN 018098894A CN 01809889 A CN01809889 A CN 01809889A CN 1217969 C CN1217969 C CN 1217969C
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hydrophilic polymer
pvp
hydrogel
polyvinylpyrolidone
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CN1441814A (zh
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D·C·图尔纳
A·C·麦登
D·G·范德拉安
R·B·斯蒂芬
R·N·罗维
J·D·福德
F·F·莫洛克
G·A·希尔
A·阿利
K·P·麦克卡贝
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Abstract

本发明提供了通过将高分子量亲水性聚合物引入到硅氧烷水凝胶单体混合物中制备的可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶。亲水性聚合物被包埋在水凝胶中,其中在它与水凝胶基体之间存在很少或没有共价键键合。

Description

具有内润湿剂的水凝胶
发明领域
本发明涉及疏水性聚合物。更具体地,本发明涉及当用内润湿剂制备时,适合用于生物医学设备如眼科透镜的疏水性聚合物。
材料用于生物医学设备的适应性取决于许多因素,通常包括材料的润湿性能和它与生物材料如蛋白和脂肪粘附或反应的倾向性。在眼科应用如接触透镜(隐形眼镜)和眼内植入物中,氧渗透性也是重要的考虑因素。高氧渗透性一般是所希望的,良好的可湿性和抗与生物材料粘附或反应的性能也是所希望的。
硅氧烷水凝胶对于制备生物医学设备如接触透镜能够是特别理想的材料,因为它们一般具有高氧渗透性。然而,它们的疏水本性使得由它们制备的设备难以润湿。解决该问题的一种方法是用更亲水的涂料涂布水凝胶。这样额外增加了生产它们的复杂性。另外,涂料选择是困难的,影响生理学性能的适当涂层厚度、涂层均匀性和其它因素的确定也是困难的。
US专利5,219,965和它的后继专利提出了通过在用于制备聚合物体如接触透镜的单体混合物中引入具有疏水部分、亲水部分、链转移剂和不饱和端基的大分子单体来改性该物体的表面性能的方法。大分子单体能够包括分子量为500-10,000的聚-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,其中1,000-5,000的分子量是最优选的。大分子单体被聚合成水凝胶并且改进了聚合物的可湿性。然而这种改进一般没有达到能够由水凝胶制备透镜而不需使用亲水涂料的这种程度。无论如何,在不需要透镜涂料的情况下增强生物医学设备如接触透镜的可湿性将被认为是本领域中的重大进步。
US专利4,045,547和4,042,552提出了将大量(14.25-35wt%)的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)聚合到聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯)(HEMA)型接触透镜配方上的方法。聚合在不考虑水的存在的情况下进行。PVP的分子量没有提及。
US专利4,833,196;4,791,175和4,678,838涉及将聚-N-乙烯基内酰胺引入到用于制备接触透镜的聚合物中的方法。聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)是优选的聚内酰胺。低分子量(~40,000道尔顿)PVP通过首先与臭氧反应使PYP氢过氧化和然后让PVP与其它单体聚合来以共价键键合于用于形成透镜的单体上。
US专利5,198,477在主要由含乙烯基的单体制备的大环形成的互穿聚合物网络内使用低分子量(~25,000道尔顿)PVP。该PVP似乎被交联成互穿网络。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶,包括以下组分的反应产物:
a)含硅氧烷的大分子单体,
b)含至少一种硅氧烷单体的反应混合物,和
c)比所述硅氧烷单体更亲水的高分子量亲水性聚合物,
其中所述亲水性聚合物包埋在所述硅氧烷水凝胶中。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是均聚物。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是从至少两种不同单体的组合制备的共聚物。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚内酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚内酯和聚右旋糖酐。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物在其整个骨架中引入环状部分。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有高于50,000的数均分子量。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有高于80,000的数均分子量。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有高于100,000的数均分子量。
本发明还提供了由上述可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶制备的眼科透镜。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是均聚物。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是由至少两种不同单体的混合物制备的共聚物。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚内酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚内酯和聚右旋糖酐。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少50,000的重均分子量。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少80,000的重均分子量。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少100,000的重均分子量。
本发明还提供了制备上述可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶的方法,包括:
a)将含硅氧烷的大分子单体、含至少一种硅氧烷单体的反应混合物与高分子量亲水性聚合物在聚合条件下结合,和
b)回收其中包埋有所述亲水性聚合物的硅氧烷水凝胶。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是均聚物。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是从至少两种不同单体的组合制备的共聚物。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚内酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚内酯和聚右旋糖酐。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述亲水性聚合物是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少50,000的重均分子量。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少80,000的重均分子量。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少100,000的重均分子量。
本发明是通过将高分子量亲水聚合物引入到硅氧烷水凝胶单体混合物中制备的可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶。亲水性聚合物被包埋在水凝胶中,在它和水凝胶基体之间很少或没有共价键连接。
在本发明的一个方面中,高分子量亲水性聚合物被包埋在硅氧烷水凝胶基体中。
在本发明的另一个方面中,高分子量亲水性聚合物是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
在本发明的再一个方面中,高分子量亲水性聚合物具有100,000-500,000道尔顿的分子量(Mw);优选分子量是至少约300,000道尔顿。
在本发明的还一个方面中,从本发明的硅氧烷水凝胶制备眼科透镜。
发明详述
这里使用的术语“单体”是指能够被聚合的低分子量化合物(即,一般具有低于700的数均分子量),以及含有能够进一步聚合的官能团的中到高分子量化合物或聚合物,有时称之为大分子单体(即,一般具有高于700的数均分子量)。因此,应当理解术语“含硅氧烷的单体”和“亲水性单体”包括单体,大分子单体和预聚物。预聚物是部分聚合的单体或能够进一步聚合的单体。
“含硅氧烷的单体”是指在单体、大分子单体或预聚物中含有至少两个[-Si-O-]重复单元的单体。优选,全部Si和所连接的O以含硅氧烷的单体的总分子量的20wt%以上,和更优选30wt%以上的量存在于含硅氧烷的单体中。优选的本发明的含硅氧烷的单体具有以下结构式:
结构式I
其中R51是H或CH3,q是1或2并且对于每个q、R52、R53和R54独立是乙基、甲基、苄基、苯基或包括1-100重复Si-O单元的单价硅氧烷链,p是1-10,r=(3-q),X是0或NR55,其中R55是H或具有1-4个碳原子的单价烷基,a是0或1,L是优选包括2-5个碳原子的二价连接基团,它还可以任选包括醚或羟基,例如聚乙二醇链。
能够用于形成本发明的硅氧烷水凝胶的结构式I的含硅氧烷的单体的实例是甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基双(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基硅烷,甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基五甲基二硅氧烷,(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)丙基双(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基硅烷。优选的含硅氧烷的单体是单甲基丙烯酰氧基烷基终端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(“mPDMS”),如在结构式II中表示的那些:
Figure C0180988900081
                        结构式II
其中b=0-100,R57是任何可以包括杂原子的C1-10脂族或芳族基团;前提是R57在它键接于Si的部位没有被官能化。C3-8烷基是优选的,丁基,尤其仲丁基是最优选的。R56是烯属不饱和部分;优选是单个可聚合的乙烯基。更优选它是甲基丙烯酰基部分,但它还能够是丙烯酰基或苯乙烯部分或其它类似部分。
优选其它含硅氧烷的单体与结构式I的含硅氧烷的单体结合以形成本发明的软接触透镜。在这一方面,甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷(TRIS),在US 4,711,943中描述的TRIS的酰胺类似物,和在US 5,070,215中描述的乙烯基氨基甲酸酯或碳酸酯类似物也适合使用。事实上,任何已知用于制备硅氧烷水凝胶的含硅氧烷的单体都能够与结构式I的含硅氧烷的单体结合使用以形成本发明的软接触透镜。在1997年10月9日提出的US专利申请序列号08/948,128(这里引用供参考)公开了可用于该目的的许多含硅氧烷的单体。能够与结构式I的含硅氧烷的单体结合使用以形成本发明的硅氧烷水凝胶的其它单体的一些实例是在1998年3月2日提出、在这里引用作参考的标题为硅氧烷水凝胶聚合物的U.S.序列号09/033,348(Vanderlaan等人)中公开的含羟烷基胺官能化硅氧烷的单体。能够使用包括以下结构式的嵌段或无规单体的线性或支化羟烷基胺官能化单体:
结构式III
其中:
n是0-500,m是0-500,(n+m)=10-500,更优选20-250;
R2、R4、R5、R6和R7独立地是一价烷基,或芳基,它可以进一步被醇、酯、胺、酮、羧酸或醚基取代,优选是未取代的单价烷基或芳基;R1、R3和R8独立地是一价烷基或芳基,它可以进一步被醇、酯、胺、酮、羧酸或醚基取代,优选是未取代的一价烷基或芳基,或是以下含氮结构:
Figure C0180988900092
结构式IV
前提是R1、R3和R8中的至少一个符合结构式IV,其中R9是二价烷基如-(CH2)8-,其中s是1-10,优选3-6,最优选3;
R10和R11独立地是H,可以进一步被醇、酯、胺、酮、羧酸或醚基取代的单价烷基或芳基,或具有以下结构式:
结构式V
其中R14是H,或一价可聚合的基团,包括丙烯酰基,甲基丙烯酰基,苯乙烯基,乙烯基,烯丙基或N-乙烯基内酰胺,优选H或甲基丙烯酰基;R16是H,能够进一步被醇、酯、胺、酮、羧酸或醚基取代的一价烷基或芳基,或包括丙烯酸根、甲基丙烯酸根、苯乙烯基、乙烯基、烯丙基或N-乙烯基内酰胺的可聚合的基团,优选被醇或甲基丙烯酸根取代的烷基;R12、R13和R15独立地是H,一价烷基或芳基,它们能够进一步被醇、酯、胺、酮、羧酸或醚基取代,或R12与R15,或R15与R13能够键接在一起形成环结构,前提是至少一些在单体上的结构式IV基团包括可聚合的基团。R12、R13和R15优选是H。
在供选择实施方案中,本发明的硅氧烷水凝胶还可以包括亲水性单体。任选用于制备本发明的水凝胶聚合物的亲水性单体可以是在现有技术中公开用于制备水凝胶的任何亲水性单体。在这些实施方案中使用的优选亲水性单体要么含丙烯酸,要么含乙烯基。这些亲水性单体本身可以用作交联剂。术语“乙烯基型”或“含乙烯基的”单体是指含有乙烯基(-CH=CH2)的单体并且一般是高反应性的。这些亲水性含乙烯基的单体已知可相对容易地聚合。“丙烯酸型”或“含丙烯酸的”单体是含有丙烯酸基(CH2=CRCOX)的那些单体,其中R是H或CH3,X是O或N,它们也已知可容易地聚合,如N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMA),甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HEMA),甲基丙烯酸甘油酯,2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酰胺,聚单甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸。
可以引入到本发明的硅氧烷水凝胶的亲水性含乙烯基的单体包括如N-乙烯基内酰胺(例如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP),N-乙烯基-N-甲基乙酰胺,N-乙烯基-N-乙基乙酰胺,N-乙烯基-N-乙基甲酰胺,N-乙烯基甲酰胺),其中NVP是优选的。
能够在本发明中使用的其它亲水性单体包括一个或多个端部羟基被含有可聚合的双键的官能团置换的聚氧化乙烯多元醇。实例包括聚乙二醇,乙氧基化烷基葡糖苷,乙氧基化双酚A,它们与一摩尔或多摩尔当量的封端基团如甲基丙烯酸异氰酸基乙酯(“IEM”),甲基丙烯酸酐,甲基丙烯酰氯,乙烯基苯甲酰氯等反应,以产生具有通过连接结构部分如氨基甲酸酯或酯基键接于聚亚乙基多元醇的一个或多个端部可聚合的烯属基团的聚亚乙基多元醇。
还有其它的实例是在U.S.专利No.5,070,215中公开的亲水性碳酸乙烯酯或氨基甲酸乙烯酯单体,在U.S.专利No.4,910,277中公开的亲水性噁唑酮单体,和聚右旋糖酐。其它适合的亲水性单体对本领域的熟练技术人员来说是显而易见的。
可以引入到本发明的聚合物中的更优选的亲水性单体包括亲水性单体如N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMA),甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HEMA),甲基丙烯酸甘油酯,2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酰胺,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP),聚单甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸,其中DMA是最优选的。
能够存在于用于形成本发明的硅氧烷水凝胶的反应混合物中的其它单体包括紫外线吸收单体,反应性色辉物(tint)等。其它加工助剂如脱模剂或润湿剂也能够加入到反应混合物中。
除了以上确定的亲水性单体以外,用于形成本发明的透镜的聚合物混合物还包括一种或多种高分子量亲水性聚合物。亲水性聚合物可用作内润湿剂。即,它们浸透到引入它们的水凝胶中,从而大大改进了可湿性。优选地,这种作用达到使通常需要疏水涂料以便具有良好的生理相容性的疏水水凝胶能够不用涂料来制成而且还具有例如与眼表面具有良好的生理相容性的这样一种程度。然而,如果需要,还可以将亲水性涂料如聚丙烯酸施涂于水凝胶的表面。当这样做时,其中引入润湿剂的水凝胶通过减少组织和水凝胶内疏水区域的接触而改进了水凝胶的生理相容性(相对于没有该润湿剂的涂层透镜)。
用作内润湿剂的亲水性聚合物是聚酰胺,聚内酰胺,聚酰亚胺和聚内酯。优选,它们是氢键接受物,在水环境中由于与水形成的氢键因此有效地变得更亲水。无论如何,在不存在水的疏水水凝胶基体中引入亲水性聚合物有利于与疏水性聚合物如硅氧烷的相容性。在随后与水接触时(即水合),它们使硅氧烷变得可润湿。
优选,这些亲水性聚合润湿剂是在聚合物骨架中引入环状部分的线性聚合物。该环状部分甚至更优选是环状酰胺或酰亚胺环状结构部分。这类聚合物优选包括例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和聚乙烯基咪唑,但如聚二甲基丙烯酰胺之类的聚合物也有这种功能,可以使用。聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮是最优选的亲水性聚合润湿剂。
在本发明中用作润湿剂的亲水性聚合物具有高平均分子量(Mw不低于50,000道尔顿,优选100,000-500,000道尔顿)。更优选的分子量范围是300,000-400,000,其中320,000-370,000的范围是最优选的。亲水性聚合物的分子量还能够用以动态粘度测量为基础的所谓K值来表示,如在Encyclopedia of Polymer Science andEngineering的N-Vinyl Amide Polymers(E.S.Barabas),第二版,17卷,198-257页,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.中所述。以这种方式表示,具有46-100的K值的亲水性聚合物是优选的。亲水性聚合物以使得大约1-15wt%的润湿剂(例如PVP)存在于最终水凝胶配方中的量使用。优选3-8%存在于最终水凝胶配方中。当以这里所述的方式作为水凝胶基体的一部分制备时,这些聚合物被引入到本发明的水凝胶配方中,没有形成连接水凝胶的大量共价键。缺乏大量的共价键合意味着在可以存在少量共价键合的同时,附随的是润湿剂保留在水凝胶基体中。无论存在什么附带共价键合,其本身不足以保持润湿剂在水凝胶基体中。事实上,保持润湿剂与水凝胶相关的最主要的作用是包埋。根据本说明书,当聚合物以物理方式保持在水凝胶基体内时,聚合物被“包埋”。这通过润湿剂的聚合物链在水凝胶聚合物基体内的缠结来进行。然而,范德华力、偶极-偶极相互作用、静电吸引和氢键键合也能够以次要程度有助于该包埋。
本发明的水凝胶通过制备大分子单体和该大分子单体与单体混合物的其它组分的聚合来以最佳方式制备。在本说明书中使用的术语“大分子单体”是指通过一种或多种硅氧烷与一种或多种丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸材料的基团转移聚合(GTP)形成的预聚物。以这种身份使用的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯能够将羟基结构部分贡献给整个大分子单体配方。因此,甲基丙烯酸甲酯虽然有益于整个大分子单体配方,但作为单独的(甲基)丙烯酸酯组分,本身还不足以形成本发明的大分子单体。然而,它与羟基甲基丙烯酸酯一起作为(甲基)丙烯酸酯组分是足够的。本发明的优选的大分子单体是羟基甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯、三甲基硅氧烷和聚二甲基硅氧烷的GTP反应产物。更优选,大分子单体是甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HEMA),甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷(TRIS)和单甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基终端的单丁基终端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(mPDMS)的GTP反应产物。最优选的是,18-21(甚至更优选大约19.1)摩尔HEMA与大约2-3(甚至更优选大约2.8)摩尔MMA,大约7-9(甚至更优选大约7.9)摩尔TRIS,和2.5-4.5(甚至更优选大约3.3)摩尔mPDMS结合。大分子单体的GTP形成通过使用二月桂酸二丁基锡作为催化剂让上述物料结合物与2.0mol/mol的异氰酸3-异丙烯基-α,α-二甲基苄基酯反应来完成。该反应一般在大约60-120℃下进行大约2-10小时。
水凝胶通过使以下反应混合物(有时称之为“单体混合物”)反应来制备:大分子单体;含硅氧烷的单体,任选的亲水性聚合物(非润湿剂),交联剂,和高分子量亲水性聚合物(润湿剂)。单体混合物在没有水和任选有有机稀释剂的情况下反应。水凝胶通过该反应混合物的反应产物的水合来完成。优选,硅氧烷包括Si7-9单甲基丙烯酰氧基终端的聚二甲基硅氧烷和三甲基甲硅烷氧基硅烷。更优选的是,单体混合物包括大分子单体,Si7-9单甲基丙烯酰氧基终端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷,“TRIS”;二甲基丙烯酰胺,“DMA”;甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,“HEMA”;三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,“TEGDMA”;聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,“PVP”;添加剂和光引发剂。
总含硅氧烷的单体的优选范围是反应混合物(单体混合物+大分子单体)中反应性组分的大约5-100wt%,更优选大约10-90wt%,和最优选大约15-80wt%。在以上本发明中倘若存在的任选的亲水性单体的优选范围是反应混合物中反应性组分的大约5-80wt%,更优选大约10-60wt%,和最优选大约20-50wt%。高分子量亲水性聚合物(润湿剂)的优选范围是1-15wt%,更优选3-10wt%,和最优选5-8wt%。稀释剂的优选范围是总反应混合物的大约0-70wt%,更优选大约0-50wt%,和最优选大约0-20wt%。稀释剂的需要量根据反应性组分的性质和相对量来变化。
最优选,反应混合物包括最优选的大分子单体(如上所述);Si7-9单甲基丙烯酰氧基终端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(~28wt%);甲基丙烯酰氧基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷,“TRIS”(~14wt%);二甲基丙烯酰胺,“DMA”(~26wt%);甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,“HEMA”(~5%);三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,“TEGDMA”(~1%);聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,“PVP”(~5%);剩余部分包括少量的添加剂和光引发剂。聚合最优选在20%(全部单体和稀释剂共混物的wt%)二甲基-3-辛醇稀释剂的存在下进行。
在反应混合物中优选包括聚合催化剂。聚合催化剂可以是在中度升温下产生自由基的化合物如过氧化月桂酰,过氧化苯甲酰,过碳酸异丙酯,偶氮双异丁腈等,或者聚合催化剂是光引发剂体系如芳族α-羟基酮或叔胺+二酮。光引发剂体系的示例是1-羟基环己基苯基酮,2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮,双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦(DMBAPO),和樟脑醌和4-(N,N-二甲氨基)苯甲酸乙酯的混合物。催化剂以催化有效量,例如大约0.1到大约2重量份/100重量份的反应性单体在反应混合物中使用。反应混合物的聚合能够根据所使用的聚合引发剂适当选择的热或可见光或紫外线或其它方式来引发。另外,引发能够不用光引发剂,例如低电压电子束来进行。然而,当使用光引发剂时,优选的引发剂是1-羟基环己基苯基酮和双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基苯基氧化膦(DMBAPO)的混合物,优选的聚合引发方法是可见光。
通常,在固化反应混合物之后,所得聚合物用溶剂处理以除去稀释剂(如果使用)或任何痕量的未反应组分,将聚合物水化以形成水凝胶。所使用的溶剂可以是水(或水溶液如生理盐水),或根据用于制备本发明的水凝胶的稀释剂(如果使用)的溶解度特性和任何残留的未聚合的单体的溶解度特性,最初使用的溶剂可以是有机液体如乙醇,甲醇,异丙醇,它们的混合物,或类似物,或一种或多种这些有机液体与水的混合物,随后用纯水(或生理盐水)萃取,以生产出包括用水溶胀的所述单体的聚合物的硅氧烷水凝胶。在聚合物水化后的硅氧烷水凝胶优选包括硅氧烷水凝胶总重量的10-55wt%水,更优选20-50wt%水,和最优选25-45wt%水。这些硅氧烷水凝胶特别适合于制备接触透镜或眼内透镜,优选软接触透镜。
在接触透镜的生产中已知有多种方法用于模塑反应混合物,包括旋转浇铸和静态浇铸。旋转浇铸方法公开在U.S.专利No.3,408,429和3,660,545中,静态浇铸方法公开在U.S.专利No.4,113,224和4,197,266中。生产包括本发明聚合物的接触透镜的优选方法是硅氧烷水凝胶的直接模塑,该方法是经济的,并且能够精确控制水化透镜的最终形状。对于该方法,将反应混合物置于具有最终所需硅氧烷水凝胶的形状的模具中,从而产生最终所需产物的近似形状的聚合物。然后,该聚合物混合物任选先后用溶剂和水处理,产生具有十分类似于初始模塑聚合物制品的尺寸和形状的最终尺寸和形状的硅氧烷水凝胶。该方法能够用于形成接触透镜,并另外描述在U.S.专利4,495,313;4,680,336;4,889,664和5,039,459(这里引用供参考)中。在生产硅氧烷水凝胶之后,如果需要,透镜可以用亲水性涂料涂布。在现有技术中已经公开了将亲水性涂料加入到透镜的一些方法,包括U.S.专利3,854,982,3,916,033,4,920,184和5,002,794;WO91/04283和EPO 93810399。
本发明的反应混合物能够通过本领域中那些熟练人员已知的任何方法来形成,如振动或搅拌,以及通常通过早先描述的方法来形成聚合物制品或设备。对于一些单体反应混合物,优选在稍高于室温的温度,如30-40℃,或甚至高达80℃,或在室温以下,如0-10℃下使反应混合物聚合,以便防止各组分的相分离。
本发明的硅氧烷水凝胶具有高氧渗透性。它们具有通过极谱法测定的在40barrer和300barrer之间的O2 Dk值。氧渗透性的极谱法测量如下进行。将透镜放置在传感器上,然后用网架覆盖在上边。使用由4mm直径金阴极和银环阳极组成的极谱氧传感器测定通过透镜扩散的氧。参考值是使用该方法对商购接触透镜测定的那些值。购自Bausch & Lomb的Balafilcon A透镜获得了大约79barrer的测量结果。Etafilcon透镜获得了20-25barrer的测量结果。
在实施例中,使用以下缩写:
TRIS      3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)硅烷
DMA       N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺
THF       氢呋喃
TMI       间-异丙烯基苄基异氰酸二甲基酯
HEMA      甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯
MMA       甲基丙烯酸甲酯
TBACB     间氯苯甲酸四丁基铵
mPDMS     800-1000MW单甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基终端的聚二甲基
          硅氧烷
3M3P      3-甲基-3-丙醇
Norbloc   2-(2’-羟基-5-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基苯基)-2H-苯并
          三唑
CGI 1850  1-羟基环己基苯基酮和双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-
          2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦的1∶1(wgt)共混物
PVP    聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)
IPA    异丙醇
实施例1  大分子单体形成
在14℃,在N2氛围下,向13.75ml的TBACB在THF中的1M溶液,30.0g的双(二甲基氨基)甲基硅烷,61.39g对二甲苯,154.28g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和1892.3g甲基丙烯酸2-(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)乙酯在4399.78g THF中的溶液中添加191.75g的1-三甲基甲硅烷氧基-1-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烯。在260分钟过程内添加另外30ml的TBACB的THF溶液(0.40M),在这期间,使反应混合物放热,然后冷却到30℃。在添加甲基丙烯酸2-(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)乙酯之后60分钟,加入467.56g甲基丙烯酸2-(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)乙酯,3636.6g mPDMS和3673.84g TRIS和20.0g双(二甲氨基)甲基硅烷的溶液,让混合物放热;然后冷却到30℃,并保持2小时。然后添加10.0g的双(二甲氨基)甲基硅烷,154.26g的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和1892.13g甲基丙烯酸2-(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)乙酯的溶液,再次让混合物放热。在2小时后,添加2加仑的无水THF,随后在使溶液冷却到34℃之后添加439.69g水,740.6g甲醇和8.8g二氯乙酸的溶液。通过用油浴在110℃下加热将混合物回流4.5小时,然后在135℃下蒸馏掉挥发物,添加甲苯以便除去水,直到达到110℃的蒸汽温度为止。
将反应烧瓶冷却到110℃,再添加443g TMI和5.7g二月桂酸二丁基锡的溶液。使混合物反应3.5小时,然后冷却到30℃。在减压下蒸发甲苯,获得了灰白色无水蜡状反应性大分子单体。大分子单体的理论OH含量是1.69mmol/g。
实施例2-14
从来自实施例1的大分子单体和在表1中所述的其它组分的共混物制备接触透镜,在75℃下在可见光下固化。(所有组分量按反应性组分的wt%给出,只有稀释剂以最终单体-稀释剂共混物的wt%给出)。所使用的PVP作为“POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE(PVP K90)”由ICNBiomedicals,Inc.销售。在固化后,打开模具,将透镜释放到水和乙醇的1∶1共混物中,然后在乙醇中沥滤以除去任何残留的单体和稀释剂。最后,透镜在生理硼酸盐缓冲盐水中平衡。
                           表1
 实施例2  实施例3  实施例4  实施例5  实施例6  实施例7  实施例8  实施例9  实施例10  实施例11  实施例12  实施例13  实施例14
 大分子单体TRISDMAmPDMSNorblocCGI1850PVP  24203320210  25173217216  25173017218  25182818218  21202820218  25183218214  25193219212  2519.53219.5211  2519.753219.75210.5  19203720211  25173017218  25173017218  25173017218
 %稀释剂(3M3P)  20  20  20  20  20  20  20  20  20  20  20  25  30
 %EWC1标准偏差  34.50.3  50.20.3  48.60.2  48.50.2  46.80.3  44.10.1  41.30.3  38.30.2  36.00.2  42.70.1  48.60.2  53.00.2  51.10.3
 模量标准偏差  764  593  597  5911  4911  603  664  772  764  633  597  565  534
 断裂伸长率%标准偏差  33238  24448  22071  26148  28950  28369  29535  28052  30939  32522  22071  25346  26441
  Dk ec2Dk3   112.3139.8   76.098.2   75.999.1   97.9133.3   107.8138.8   95.8123.5   99.8126.0   92.3114.9   94.1114.9   81.298.3   75.999.1   80.5102.6   89.0113.0
  DCA4前标准偏差 12514 7118 588 5315 598 557 10019 12717 1176 13915 588 6113 6912
  后标准偏差脂类摄入Conc.标准偏差   4077.930.46   4053.550.42   4072.850.41   3653.3450.11   3834.1650.85   4533.260.54   4364.2450.355   3396.4850.6 3   4637.0150.335   3775.810.2   4072.850.41   3833.7850.365   3952.830.24
1、平衡水含量。
2、氧渗透性,边缘校正,按Barrer计。
3、氧渗透性,非边缘校正,按Barrer计。
4、动态接触角,使用Wilhelmy天平用生理硼酸盐缓冲盐水测量。
实施例15可湿性
按照实施例2的工序,从8%(wt)PVP(K90,购自ICN Biomedicals,Inc.),20%来自实施例1的大分子单体,28.5%mPDMS,8.0%TRIS,5.0%HEMA,26%DMA,1.5%TEGDMA,2.0%Norbloc和1.0%CGI 1850的共混物制备透镜,其中在共混物中具有作为稀释剂的37.5%(基于总单体/稀释剂共混物)3M3P。这些透镜在临床研究中戴用,发现具有可湿性和舒适感。以上透镜(n=10只眼)与ACUVUE(n=12只眼)历史对照物比较,发现100%可润湿(在戴用时没有看到非润湿点);就镜前泪膜无损伤性眼泪消散时间(PLTF-NIBUT)而论是相似的(7.1±2.7对ACUVUE12.7±4.7);以及根据50-点标准是舒适的(44.3±4.5对ACUVUE46.8±2.8)。
实施例16(对比)K-值29-32 PVP的萃取
按照实施例2的工序从20%(wt)40,000Mw PVP(购自SigmaChemicals,平均分子量10,000,K值(特性粘度)29-32),12%来自实施例1的大分子单体,20%TRIS,39%HEMA,5%DMA,3%TEGDMA和1% DAROCUR 1173的共混物制备接触透镜,在共混物中具有作为稀释剂的50%(基于总单体/稀释剂共混物)己醇,只是从模具中取出透镜,不进行初始萃取。称重各透镜,在5.0ml水或甲醇中萃取,分析萃取物与时间的关系。表2中的结果说明,相对低分子量的PVP从甲醇中的聚合物基质中扩散出来。在2小时之后几乎所有PVP跑出。然而,在水中,PVP没有从透镜基体中完全失去。在24小时之后扩散达到稳定水平,其中没有发现进一步的PVP释出。
将在甲醇中沥滤的透镜放入硼酸盐缓冲盐水中。这些透镜与硼酸盐缓冲盐水的动态接触角是104°(前)和41°(后),还说明该相对低分子量PVP没有充分保留在聚合物基体中,以在醇萃取中存留下来。
表2-K-值29-32 PVP的萃取
用超声波破碎的PVP的萃取(总%)*
    时间(hr)     甲醇中     水中
    0.25     71     14
    0.50     78     16
    1.00     87     29
    1.50     95     35
    2.00     93     41
    3.00     108     51
    18.00     114     72
    24.00     114     82
    27.50     106     80
    43.00     114     79
    48.00     107     80
*数值由于该试验的正常实验变异性而能够超过100%。
实施例17-K-值80-100PVP的萃取
按照实施例2的工序从8%(wt)360,000Mw PVP(购自SigmaChemicals,平均分子量360,000,K值(特性粘度)80-100),20%来自实施例1的大分子单体,35%mPDMS,5%HEMA,26%DMA,2%TEGDMA,2%Norbloc和2%CGI 1850的共混物制备接触透镜,在共混物中具有作为稀释剂的50%(基于总单体/稀释剂共混物)3M3P,只是从模具中取出透镜,不进行初始萃取。称重各透镜,在10.0ml水或IPA中萃取,分析萃取物与时间的关系。表3中的结果说明,该高分子量PVP大多数保留在透镜中,即使在用侵蚀性有机溶剂萃取之后。
表3-K-值80-100PVP的萃取
用超声波破碎的PVP的萃取(总%)*
    时间(hr)     IPA中     水中
    0.17     14     17
    0.33     20     21
    0.58     13     21
    0.92     20     21
    1.08     23     21
    1.5     21     22
    2.00     22     23
    2.50     21     23
    3.00     20     23
实施例18-灰尘附着试验,易加工性
按照实施例2的工序从5%(wt)PVP(购自Sigma Chemicals,平均分子量360,000,K值(特性粘度)80-100),18%来自实施例1的大分子单体,28%mPDMS,14%TRIS,5%HEMA,26%DMA,1%TEGDMA,2%Norbloc和1%CGI 1850的共混物制备透镜,在共混物中具有作为稀释剂的20%(基于总单体/稀释剂共混物)3,7-二甲基-3-辛醇。这些透镜之一在家庭灰尘在硼酸盐缓冲盐水中的分散体中振荡,用10秒数字擦具清洗,用比较器检验。粘附于该表面的灰尘量是粘附于不用PVP制备的类似处理的透镜的灰尘量的大约25%或25%以下。另外,发现用PVP制备的透镜更不粘着于其它透镜及玻璃和塑料表面,因此使得它们在加工过程中更容易处理。

Claims (25)

1、可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶,包括以下组分的反应产物:
a)含硅氧烷的大分子单体,
b)含至少一种硅氧烷单体的反应混合物,和
c)比所述硅氧烷单体更亲水的高分子量亲水性聚合物,
其中所述亲水性聚合物包埋在所述硅氧烷水凝胶中。
2、权利要求1的水凝胶,其中所述亲水性聚合物是均聚物。
3、权利要求1的水凝胶,其中所述亲水性聚合物是从至少两种不同单体的组合制备的共聚物。
4、权利要求1的水凝胶,其中所述亲水性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚内酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚内酯和聚右旋糖酐。
5、权利要求1的水凝胶,其中所述亲水性聚合物在其整个骨架中引入环状部分。
6、权利要求4的水凝胶,其中所述亲水性聚合物是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
7、权利要求6的水凝胶,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有高于50,000的数均分子量。
8、权利要求6的水凝胶,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有高于80,000的数均分子量。
9、权利要求4的水凝胶,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有高于100,000的数均分子量。
10、由权利要求1的可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶制备的眼科透镜。
11、权利要求10的眼科透镜,其中所述亲水性聚合物是均聚物。
12、权利要求10的眼科透镜,其中所述亲水性聚合物是由至少两种不同单体的混合物制备的共聚物。
13、权利要求10的眼科透镜,其中所述亲水性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚内酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚内酯和聚右旋糖酐。
14、权利要求13的眼科透镜,其中所述亲水性聚合物是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
15、权利要求14的眼科透镜,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少50,000的重均分子量。
16、权利要求14的眼科透镜,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少80,000的重均分子量。
17、权利要求14的眼科透镜,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少100,000的重均分子量。
18、制备权利要求1的可湿性硅氧烷水凝胶的方法,包括:
a)将含硅氧烷的大分子单体、含至少一种硅氧烷单体的反应混合物与高分子量亲水性聚合物在聚合条件下结合,和
b)回收其中包埋有所述亲水性聚合物的硅氧烷水凝胶。
19、权利要求18的方法,其中所述亲水性聚合物是均聚物。
20、权利要求18的方法,其中所述亲水性聚合物是从至少两种不同单体的组合制备的共聚物。
21、权利要求18的方法,其中所述亲水性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚内酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚内酯和聚右旋糖酐。
22、权利要求21的方法,其中所述亲水性聚合物是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
23、权利要求21的方法,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少50,000的重均分子量。
24、权利要求21的方法,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少80,000的重均分子量。
25、权利要求21的方法,其中所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮具有至少100,000的重均分子量。
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