CN1214197A - Corn hybrid breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technology of utilizing hybrid vigour of crop. The corn hybrid breeding method includes breeding of selfed line, regulation of seeding time, proper row ratio, proper seeding density and artificial pollination; and it breeds corn hybrid Dan 2100 by utilizing Dan 598 selfed line as female parent and 9046 selfed line as make parent. The hybrid has the advantages of high and stable yield, powerful adaptability, high disease resistance, high lodging resistance and maturing in alive straw, so that it is suitable for cultivation in corn growing area with rather longer frost-free period.

Description

A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed

The invention belongs to crop hybrid superiority and utilize technical field.

Utilize the hybrid vigour technology, constantly seed selection and popularization high yield, many anti-, of fine quality corn hybrid seeds are to improve corn yield, one of important measures of developing agricultural.To the end of the year 97, the corn variety that China mainly plants the corn belt has Yedan No.13 number, No. 2, middle list, tuck in single No. 2, red beautiful No. 13, Shendan No.7 number, red beautiful No. 16, No. 9, iron list, No. 10, iron list etc. since entering the nineties.Because all this disease of double infection is to bringing very big loss in the production again for the popular harm of corn tail spore bacterium, Curvularia lunata leaf spot, above-mentioned main breed, the serious time reaches about 20%, puts piece even total crop failure individually.Therefore, reach the basic demand of SOYBEAN IN HIGH-YIELD BREEDING target at corn after, the disease-resistant research emphasis that just becomes corn breeding.

The objective of the invention is the new high yield of seed selection, disease-resistant, high-quality, adaptable corn hybrid seed and be used for producing, improve the level of production of China's corn.

Main contents of the present invention:

A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed comprises the seed selection inbred line, regulates date of seeding, suitable row ratio, and thickness of sowing, the artificial supplementary pollination measure utilizes inbred line red 598 for maternal, and inbred line 9046 is the formulated corn hybrid seed pellet 2100 of male parent.

The cultivation main points of red 2100 kinds: in April, sowing in the last ten-days period, suitable early sowing, 2800 strains of mu bag seedling, happiness rich water.Between, cover, clear kind all can.The area that suitable Liaoning Province is grown frost-free season, the plantation of ground such as south, Jilin Province and Hebei spring corn district.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect:

High yield, stable yields, corn was tested in 1996, and per hectare is produced 10140 kilograms, than Shendan No.7 number volume increase 31.5%; Participated in Liaoning Province's preliminary experiment in 97 years, per hectare is produced 6834 kilograms, than Shendan No.7 number volume increase 14.9%.Seed control station test hectare in Jilin Province produced 14625 kilograms in 1996, than single beautiful No. 13 volume increase 43.9%.Yunnan Province in 1997 Yuxi seed stations hold in the national prerun of examination, and hectare produces 13530 kilograms, than Yedan No.13 number volume increase 67.8%.Large-scale demonstration plantation 3000 mu of average hectares in Qu Jiadian township, Changtu County in 1998 produce 11200 kilograms.This combination yield potentiality is big, high yield, stable yields, adaptability are strong, and outstanding behaviours is disease-resistant, anti-fall, the bar maturation of living.

Accompanying drawing is a breeding line spectrogram of the present invention.

Be described in detail embodiments of the invention below:

Red 2100 is that Hainan in 1994 serves as that female parent is that paternal hybrid forms with 9046 with self bred inbred line red 598.Nineteen ninety-five participates in indoor identification and tests, and participates in comparative test that corn is unified in 1996, participates in Liaoning Province and national prerun in 1997, participates in the provinces and regions examination in 1998, and try eastern North China and southwestern section.

Red 2100 principal character characteristic:

This made up about 130 days breeding times, and it is neat healthy and strong to emerge, and the leaf look dark green, becomes strain phase plant type compactness, the blade upper punch, and fruit ear is thick, and the fringe handle is longer.High anti-various diseases, resistant to lodging, it is good to protect green property, high yield, adaptability is strong.285 centimetres of this combination plant heights, 120 centimetres of fringe positions, thick 2.3 centimetres of stem, 22 leaves.20～24 centimetres of spike lengths, thick 6.5 centimetres of fringe, fruit ear 18～20 row.Single grain number per spike can reach about 1000, and axle is thinner, and seed is long, thousand kernel weight 335 grams, and the seed rate of output 85.9%, content of starch is higher.The seed yellow, horse flute profile, axle white, fruit ear truncated cone type.

Red 598 survey timing uses as female parent, because this parent's tassel branch is many, pollen amount is greatly generally done male parent and used better when the production of hybrid seeds, and 9046 inbred lines are then used as female parent, and reciprocal cross all can.

Red 598 inbred line features:

This inbred line 1984 is with OH43 ^Nt3Be made into basic material with pellet 340 for paternal hybrid for maternal, a selfing generation in 1986,1987 as maternal and red yellow 02 hybridization, and 1988 again in red yellow 11 hybridization, then 3 generations of continuous selfing in 1989 to 1991, find to feel Cercospora leaf spot, in Hainan in 1991 again with 78599 advanced generation crosses, backcrossed once 7 generations of the continuous selfing in Hainan to nineteen ninety-five Hainan in 1992 in 92 years again, it is stable to isozygoty, and begins breeding and uses.

Red 598 inbred lines were emerged to ripe about 130 days in Liaoning Area, than red 340 Zao 2～3 days.Emerge to taking out male 65～70 days, take out male loose powder 2～3 days of arriving, loose powder is taken out filigree to ripe about 55 days to taking out filigree 2 days.Male and female are coordinated, happiness light happiness rich water, and general combining ability is higher.Anti-corn leaf spot, head smut, more anti-corn borer.

Seedling leaf sheath green, blade is long narrow smooth, and the leaf look dark green, stalwartness.Become strain fringe lower blade longer, more open and more flat, leaf upper punch compactness on the fringe, blade tip is sagging, and pre-leaf 1～2 leaf is upright, and plant is more in great numbers.The cane softness, toughness is better.Become 185 centimetres of plant heights, 77.6 centimetres of fringe positions, thick 2.7 centimetres of stem, 22 leaves of complete stool.About 20 of tassel branches, the sterile lemma green, the flower pesticide yellow green, pollen amount is big, and the individual plant loose powder time is about 7 days.Filigree is green, thicker in vain.Fruit ear truncated cone type, 16 centimetres of spike lengths, fringe thick 5 centimetres (diameters).18～20 row, several about 25 of row grain, cob white, seed horse flute profile, orange colour, thousand kernel weight 270 grams.

9046 inbred line features:

This inbred line be 1987 be female parent with 7922,5003 form for the continuous selfed breeding of roguing behind the paternal hybrid.About 135 days breeding times, emerge to taking out male 75 days, emerging to weaving silk is 5 days, and male and female are coordinated, and disease resistance is better, feels corn borer.Seedling leaf sheath purple, the leaf look dark green, the narrow ripple Qu Shangchong of leaf.The blade face is smooth, and master pulse white obviously.General about 10 of tassel branch, the sterile lemma green has purple striae, the flower pesticide yellow, loose powder is good, and going out male is 4 days to loose powder, and the strain loose powder time is 5 days.Female Honoka silk begins green gradual change baby pink, 16 centimetres of spike lengths, 14～16 row.28 of every row, seed is faint yellow, horse flute profile, thousand kernel weight 301 grams.Axle white.Fringe slightly is spindle.Plant is high 180 centimetres, 65 centimetres of fringe positions, and totally 19 leaves, on the fringe 6～7, bottom Ye Pingzhan, leaf upper punch plant type compactness on the fringe, the leaf look dark green.

Red 2100 corn systems } technology:

(1) choosing ground: choosing has certain basis and rich experiences to cross breeding seed and the peasant household of positive requirement is arranged, and sets up production of hybrid seeds base.Select that physical features is more smooth, the soil in flakes, soil fertility is even, soil fertility is better-than-average plot, preferably Han Laobaoshou loam can not select the waterlogged lowland production of hybrid seeds.

(2) isolate: distance isolation is no less than 300 meters; Natural cover is isolated: with the mountain ridge, village, river, when natural cover such as the woods is done isolation in flakes, must assurance can not go here and there other zasiokaurin.

(3) whole ground and fertilising: careful cultivated rake makes soil reach no clod in small, broken bits; According to the soil organic matter and nutrient content, deployed nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio will be joined little fertilizer in case of necessity, and the science of accomplishing is with fertile; 30 kilograms/mu of 4000～5000 kilograms/mu of base fertilizer organic fertilizers, 20 kilograms/mu of two ammoniums or composite fertilizers.Close machine sowing or artificial hole kind behind the ridge; Topdress and topdress with 40 kilograms of/mu two phases of branch of urea.The first phase is originally topdressed 15 kilograms/mu of consumptions simultaneously 7～8 leaf father and mother of the visible leaf of female parent.The second phase, father and mother when 14～15 leaves originally topdressed simultaneously, consumption 25 workers kilogram/mu.If once topdress, can when 12～13 leaves, topdress.

(4) sowing: choosing is fine to be spread out in seed on ground on the sunny side or the seat, basks seeds continuously 2～3 days.Requirement is shone all, is shone.Seed pelleting dries the back sowing.

Sowing row ratio: father and mother's one's own profession is than being advisable with 1: 5 or 1: 6.Thickness of sowing female parent 3500～4000 strain/mus, male parent 2500～3000 strain/mus.Date of seeding: when daily mean temperature was stablized by 10 ℃, soil surface temperature had reached 10～12 ℃.Soil moisture is that 60～80% of field capacity is the suitable sowing time of corn, be that April 25 was to May 10, the red 598 minutes two phases sowing of male parent, the first phase is broadcast together with maternal with 2/3rds, carried out sowing when promptly the first phase 598, young root in soil grew 1 centimetre in 6～7 days after second phase male parent (1/3rd) was broadcast in the first phase.Two phase male parents colleagues, the first phase is stayed 3～4 bunch planting second phase male parents after broadcasting 6～7 caves.Sowing depth generally is advisable with about 3 centimetres, 3～4 of every bunch planting kinds.Specification sowing is strictly distinguished father and mother's one's own profession, must not replay, broadcast leakage.Mark crop such as soybean etc. on the kind of the male parent row edge of a field.Also can plant one around the production of hybrid seeds district and write the male parent row, after the date of seeding suitable mistake, adopt powder during in order to supplementary pollination and use.

(5) look into the field during field management and fill the gaps with seedlings, intertill and clean tillage, maternal 9046 feel corn borer, and trumpet period must be thrown granule and prevent and treat, or puts oophagous trichogrammae etc. and carry out biological control and also can.Other sick worm will in time prevent and treat according to prediction.Father, maternal strict removal of impurities are rogued, and female parent is castrated, cut off male parent, and strict castration time and method are in time carried out artificial supplementary pollination, cut off male parent, carry out prediction of flowering period; The florescence control method: the parent will strengthen management to growing slowly, takes to increase rich water, sprays growth stimulants such as 920, promotes to grow.Male parent is taken out male evening, and female parent is weaved silk too early, can cut short male parents such as maternal filigree; Male parent takes out that male female parent was weaved silk evening, can carry out subsoiling to male parent too early, and suppress male parent and grow, but the also Bao Ye of the maternal female fringe of heavy pruning, but be advisable not hinder cob.

(6) in time gather in the crops, be strictly on guard against to mix that seed quality is undertaken by the national standard method of inspection.

Claims (1)

1. A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed comprises the seed selection inbred line, regulates date of seeding, suitable row ratio, and thickness of sowing, the artificial supplementary pollination measure is characterized in that utilizing inbred line red 598 for maternal, and inbred line 9046 is the formulated corn hybrid seed pellet 2100 of male parent.

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