CN1203877A - 用以从一包装材料管连续生产密封包装的包装装置 - Google Patents

用以从一包装材料管连续生产密封包装的包装装置 Download PDF

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CN1203877A
CN1203877A CN98115120A CN98115120A CN1203877A CN 1203877 A CN1203877 A CN 1203877A CN 98115120 A CN98115120 A CN 98115120A CN 98115120 A CN98115120 A CN 98115120A CN 1203877 A CN1203877 A CN 1203877A
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packing
blade
drum
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path
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CN1133562C (zh
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P·方塔纳兹
F·顿格
P·古斯塔夫松
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B65B51/30—Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0326—Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8226—Cam mechanisms; Wedges; Eccentric mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83531—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on chains
    • B29C66/83533—Cooperating jaws mounted on cooperating chains and moving in a closed path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/02—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7162—Boxes, cartons, cases
    • B29L2031/7166—Cartons of the fruit juice or milk type, i.e. containers of polygonal cross sections formed by folding blanks into a tubular body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements, e.g. gable type containers

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Abstract

一种用以从包装材料管(14)连续生产无菌密封包装(2)的包装装置(1),该装置(1)具有一第一和第二链式输送机(10,11),两者各自带有一组封钳(12)和一组反向封钳(13),它们相互作用夹住管(14)以便通过封钳(12)上的感应加热装置(29)在连续的横向部分处热封管(14),该装置还包括位于输送机(10,11)下方的切割件(54,55),两者同步并反向转动并切割包装(2)的条(25),同时将包装(2)拉离输送机。

Description

用以从一包装材料管连续生产 密封包装的包装装置
本发明涉及一种包装装置，用以从一包装材料管连续生产无菌密封包装，该包装内含有可灌装的食品。
更具体说，根据本发明的包装装置是用以生产大致为平行六面体形状的无菌密封包装。
许多可灌装食品，例如果汁，巴氏灭菌或UHT(超高温处理)牛奶，酒，蕃茄酱等，是在由消毒包装材料制成的包装袋中销售的。
这样一种包装的一个典型例子是以Tetra Brik Aseptic(注册商标)的名字公知的平行六面体形包装容器，用于液体或可灌装食品，该包装容器是通过折叠和密封一成卷带状包装材料而形成的。成卷包装材料包括数层纤维材料，例如纸，其两侧覆盖有聚乙烯之类的热塑材料；并且在包装中最终接触食品的包装材料一侧还包括一层例如铝箔之类的阻挡层，其上也覆盖有一层热塑材料。
众所周知，上述类型的包装袋是在全自动包装机中生产的，在此包装机中，以带状形式供给的包装材料被成形为一连续的管。带状包装材料在包装机上消毒，例如通过涂覆过氧化氢之类的化学消毒剂；在消毒之后，从包装材料的表面上例如通过加热蒸发除去消毒剂；并且如此消毒过的带状包装材料被保持在封闭的无菌环境中，并被纵向折叠和密封而形成一个管。
该管被充填进消毒的或消毒处理后的食品，并在等距隔开的横向部分上密封，然后在该横向部分处将其切割成枕形包裹，最后将它们机械地折叠成最终的包装袋，例如平行六面体包装袋。
例如从现有专利US-Re 33 467中可得知这类连续包装机，它包括第一和第二链式输送机，两者限定了相应的循环路径并分别装有一组封钳和反向封钳。这两个路径包括相对且相互平行的分支路径，并在两者之间进给包装材料管；并且一个输送机上的封钳沿着相应路径的所述分支路径与另一输送机上的相应反向封钳配合，以便在一组顺序的横向部分处夹住管并密封该包装袋并形成包装的一个连续条，所述包装由横向密封带相互连接。
上述类型的装置还包括一组装在相应封钳上的切割件，所述切割件沿垂直于包装条的方向相对于封钳是可动的并与该包装条配合，以便沿着相应的密封带将包装分离。
在由封钳和反向封钳形成横向密封带后，为了安全地保证切割件的操作，需要一个控制装置，以便控制切割件的操作，该控制装置通常包括至少一个凸轮，该凸轮沿由第一输送机限定的路径定位并与切割件作用，以便在相应分支路径的最后部分并在该分支路径的该部分的下游相对于封钳移动切割件，包装的条即沿着该分支路径密封。
因此，与相应的反向封钳一起，各封钳实现多次顺序的操作，从夹住包装材料管，到热封该管，最后切割包装的热封后的条，这样封钳和反向封钳在设计上就较为复杂，并需要一精确的操作控制系统。更具体说，如上所述，它们需要一个控制装置，用以在工作循环的预定点致动切割件。
而且，当更换切割件时(在第一输送机上设置有多个切割件，每个封钳有一个)，必须将封钳整个取下，考虑到封钳的复杂设计，这需要大量艰苦和耗时的工作。
最后，在已知的包装机上，一个不良成形的包装可能会卡在其中一个链式输送机上的封钳或反向封钳内。在这种情况下，卡住的包装全由输送机送回到相应分支路径的起点，在此它会卡在输送机和包装材料管之间，从而导致管的撕裂以及其内产品的损失。在最好情况下，必须停止包装机以取出卡住的包装，然后重新启动，这样就降低了生产速度。然而，在许多情况下，一个包装卡在链式输送机和包装材料管之间会有更严重的后果，例如损坏链式输送机零件或相关装置，如封钳或反向封钳，加热元件等，所有这些均需在花费相当的时间修理或更换。
另外，需要考虑的是待包装的产品的保存问题，尽管在产品被包装后可保存几个月，但在包装前只能保存几个小时。因此，由包装机的修理和生产速度降低所引发的费用就必须算入废品(数千升高市场附加值产品)的成本。
本发明的目的是提供一种包装装置，用以连续地生产包含可灌装食品的无菌密封包装，它可克服上述与已知机器相关的缺陷。
根据本发明，提供了一种用以由一热封包装材料制造的管，连续生产无菌密封包装的包装装置，其中包装包含一种可灌装的食品，热封材料则呈片材的形式并沿一垂直的供给路径进给；所述管被充填进所述食品；并且所述装置包括：
一第一链式输送机，带有一组封钳，并限定了一循环的第一路径，所述封钳沿该路径运行；
一第二链式输送机，带有一组反向封钳，并限定了一循环的第二路径，所述反向封钳沿该路径运行；
所述第一和所述第二路径包括靠近包装材料管的所述供给路径的各自工作部分，并在所述供给路径的相对侧面上对称地延伸，这样，沿着各自的所述工作部分的至少一部分，所述第一输送机的所述封钳与所述第二输送机的所述相应反向封钳配合，以便在等距隔开的横向部分处夹住所述管；
所述装置还包括加热装置，所述加热装置至少安装在所述封钳上并与所述管配合，以便在所述横向部分处热封所述管并限定一个包装的条，包装由相应的横向密封带相互连接，以及切割装置，用以沿所述密封带切割所述包装的所述条并如此分离所述包装，
其特征在于所述切割装置包括一个第一和一个第二切割件，两者沿所述供给路径位于所述输送机的下方并位于供给路径的相对侧面上，并且所述切割件绕横向于所述供给路径的相应的第一和第二转动轴线同步地且反向地转动，并与所述包装的所述条配合以便沿所述密封带切割包装的所述条并将所述包装拉离所述链式输送机。
下面，将参照附图，以举例的方式描述本发明的一个最佳且非限定实施例，其中：
图1是一透视图，示出了根据本发明的包装装置，为清楚起见移走了一些零件；
图2是图1所示装置的成形组件的示意性放大侧示图，为清楚起见移走了一些零件；
图3是图1所示装置的切割组件的放大透视图；
图4是图3所示切割组件的局部剖开的放大侧示图；
图5和6是从相对的侧面所见的放大侧示图，示出了图2所示成形组件封钳和相应的反向封钳。
图1中的数字1表示一个由连续的管状包装材料14生产无菌密封包装2(图2和4)的包装装置，所述管状包装材料14内包含巴氏灭菌或UHT牛奶、果汁、酒等之类的可灌装食品。
管14是在包装装置1的上游以已知方式通过沿纵向折叠和密封条状热封材料形成的，并被充填进经消毒或经消毒处理的待包装食品。装置1包括一个由两个侧壁4、5和两个平行的横向壁6、7限定的机架3，横向壁6、7刚性地装配在侧壁4、5之间并与侧壁4、5一起限定了一个开口8；一个安装在机架3上并与管(14)(通过开口8沿一垂直路径A进给)相互作用的成形组件9，用以将管(14)转变成一个沿垂直方向的包装2的条25，包装2由相应的横向密封带26相互连接；和一个切割组件31，它沿路径A位于成形组件9的下方并与包装2的条25配合，以便沿密封带26切割条25，并如此分离包装。
更具体说，密封带26(图2，4)大致是平坦的和矩形的，其长边沿与路径A以及机架3的侧壁4、5垂直的方向延伸并大致平行于壁6，7。
各侧壁4，5包括一个顶板18和一个底板19，两者由一组螺钉可拆卸地相互连接。
参照图1和2，成形组件9包括两个链式输送机10，11，它们安装在机架3上并分别包括相互配合的封钳12(仅示出一个)和反向封钳13(仅示出一个)，以便与管14相互作用并限定了相应的循环路径P和Q，封钳12和反向封钳13沿该路径进给(图2)并分别绕机架3的壁6和7延伸。
输送机10包括一个沿路径P延伸的铰接链条15；和两个在路径P的底端在链条15的两侧上啮合的并安装在一根轴32(图2，3，4)上的驱动轮16，轴32穿过侧壁4，5的板19安装，且绕垂直于板19的轴线B转动并由装置1的控制组件驱动(不是本发明的部分，故未示出)。
封钳12是链条15的一体部分并构成了链条15的间隔的链节，并且封钳12由成对的链节17以铰接的方式相互连接。
更具体地，每个封钳12(图5和6)包括一个细长的主体20，它沿垂直于路径A并平行于壁6的方向延伸，并具有相应的端部凸起21和22，每个端部凸起都带有一个凸出的第一销和第二销23，24，两者相互隔开并具有与主体20的主尺寸平行的相应轴线C，D。链节17与封钳12的销23，24铰接，从而将一个封钳12的销23连接于相邻封钳的销24。
类似地，输送机11包括一个沿路径Q延伸的铰接链条27；并且两个驱动轮28在路径Q的底端与链条27啮合并安装在一根轴33上，轴33则穿过侧壁4，5的板19安装且绕平行于轴线B的相应轴线E转动并由装置1的所述控制组件驱动。
链条27由一组相互以铰接方式连接的反向封钳13构成，并且下文中将仅详细描述它们与封钳12不同之处，且对于类似于或相应于结合封钳12所描述的零件，将采用相同的编号。简言之，每个反向封钳13包括一个带有成对端部销23，24的主体20，链节17绕端部销23，24铰接以便连接相邻的反向封钳13。
每个封钳12包括一个沿垂直于管14的路径A的方向安装在主体20上的感应加热元件29，该感应加热元件然后包括一对直且平行的有源表面30，并由一对接触刷34供给电源，在使用中该接触刷与一供电杆(未示出)配合，该供电杆安装在机架3上并在开口8内部的路径P的区域内延伸。
与一加热元件29相对，每个反向封钳13包括一个压力杆35(图6)，在于使用中而对相应封钳12的前表面46上，压力杆35包括两个由较具柔性的弹性材料制成的带36。各封钳12的加热元件29和相应封钳13的压力杆35相互配合以便在管14的横向部分处夹住并热封管14，该横向部分限定了包装2的条25的相应密封带26。
更具体说，各封钳12的有源表面30和各反向封钳13的弹性材料制成的带36相互配合，以便沿着两个隔开的密封线(未示出)热封密封带26，其中所述密封线由密封带26连接的相应包装2。
压力杆35由一对支承组件47(不属本发明，故不详细描述)连接于主体20，支承组件47沿着在使用中在反向封钳13和相应封钳12之间交换的夹紧压力的方向弯曲。
参照图1，2，5和6，封钳12的运动由两对凸轮50，51控制，所述凸轮安装在机架3的壁6上并与安装在封钳12上的相应滚子对52，53配合；并且类似地，反向封钳13的运动由另两对凸轮50，51控制，所述凸轮50，51相对于穿过路径A并横向于侧壁4，5的平面大致与壁6上的相应凸轮50，51对称地安装在机架3的壁7上，并与安装在反向封钳13上的相应滚子对52，53配合。
凸轮50，51包括绕相应的壁6，7的顶边缘延伸的大至呈U形的部分50a，51a，以便为输送机10，11的相应链条15，27限定一个与相应驱动轮16和28相对的过渡区；和在开口8内沿相应的壁6、7垂直延伸的相应部分50b和51b。部分50a，51a(图2)限定了路径P，Q的部分P1，Q1，沿此路径部分封钳12和反向封钳13相互接近并与包装材料管14接触；部分50b，51b限定了路径P，Q的面对面且平行的部分P2，Q2，沿此路径部分封钳12和反向封钳13保持压力接触，以形成限定包装2的密封。
凸轮50，51在相应的驱动轮16，28的下游在路径P和Q的相应部分P3和Q3处释放相应链条15，27。
沿部分P3，Q3，链条15，27与相应的成对张紧器56配合，以便如此张紧链条15，27，确保封钳12和反向封钳13的滚子52，53保持与相应凸轮50，51接触。
参照图5，6，封钳12和反向封钳13各包括一个相应的控制装置37，用以在包装2形成时控制它的体积，各控制装置37(不构成本发明的部分，故不详细描述)大致包括一个半壳件38，它由两个与半壳件38成一体的侧支承架40绕一平行于轴线C，D的轴线F铰接在主体20上，该半壳件38面对面地与一互补的半壳件配合，以便形成一个在包装2形成时容纳包装2的空腔。各控制装置37还包括一个空转地安装在支架43上的凸轮从动滚子42，该支架43从相应半壳件38的后部一体地延伸。
封钳12和反向封钳13的凸轮从动件42与安装在机架3的壁6和7上的相应凸轮44配合，图1中仅示出了一个与输送机11相关的凸轮44。简而言之，凸轮44的轮廓(仅局部示出)如此成形，即沿路径P，Q的部分P1，Q1使半壳件38闭合，沿路径P，Q的部分P2，Q2使半壳件38保持相互接触，并沿路径P，Q的部分P3，Q3使半壳件38打开。
参照图3和4，根据本发明的一个重要特征，组件31包括一对切割件54，55，所述切割件安装在侧壁4，5的板19之间，对称地位于路径A的相对侧面，绕垂直于路径A和板19的相应轴线G，H同步地并沿相反方向转动，并以大致等于以及与条25运行速度一致的表面速度与包装2的条25配合，以便以这样一种方式沿密封带26切割条25，即使包装分离并将它们拉离链式输送机10，11。
离开输送机10，11的包装2的条25在两个导向壁57之间被输送到切割件54，55，所述导向壁沿路径A相互面对，安装在机架3上并横向于侧壁4，5延伸。
切割件54包括一个绕轴线G的鼓58，该鼓57以可转动的方式安装在侧壁4，5的板19上；和一组大致平坦的刀片59(所示例子中有3个)，所述刀片安装在鼓58上并从鼓58的外周面径向伸出。
类似地，切割件55包括一个绕轴线H的鼓60，该鼓60以可转动的方式安装在侧壁4，5的板19上；和一组与刀片59相对的砧板61(所示例子中有3个)，所述砧板安装在鼓60上，从鼓60的外周面径向伸出，并限定了用以夹紧条25的相应夹紧面(后面将描述)以及在切割包装的条25的密封带76时用于相应刀片59的相应对立面。如后面所描述的，砧板61与相应的刀片59一起也能将各包装拉离输送机10，11。
更具体说，在切割位置，各刀片59和相应砧板61是水平的并垂直于路径A，并在相对的侧面与一相应的密封带26配合，且略微相互干涉以确保足够的切割压力。
各个鼓58，60由一对销62(图4中用点划线仅示出了一个)连接于侧壁4，5的板19，销62从鼓的相对端部同轴地延伸，并以转动方式与加工在板19上的相应通孔(未示出)啮合，并伸出板19之外。
驱动轮16，28的轴32，33通过相应的带齿皮带传动装置63，64同步地驱动鼓58，60(图3)。
传动装置63包括一个安装在伸出侧壁4之外的轴32端部上的驱动带轮65；一个安装在鼓58的相应端部销62上的被动带轮66；和一个绕在带轮65，66上带齿皮带67。
类似地，传动装置64包括一个安装在伸出侧壁4之外的轴33端部上的驱动带轮68；一个安装在鼓60的相应端部销62上的被动带轮69，和一个绕在带轮68和69上的带齿皮带70。
参照图4，刀片59沿轴线G的方向是细长的并通过相应的支承件71径向安装在鼓58上。更具体地，鼓58包括朝外的三个槽72，所述槽绕轴线G等距隔开，并沿平行于轴线G的方向是细长的，并且各槽均容纳一个相应的支承件71，所述支承件沿轴线G的方向也是细长的。
各支承件71包括一个由一对螺钉(未示出)安装在相应槽72内的基部73；和一个端部74，所述端部74从基部73径向延伸，且从鼓57向外伸出，并且具有一个容纳相应刀片59的细夹座。更具体说，用一对螺钉76以径向可调的方式将各刀片59安装在相应支承件71的所述座内，所述螺钉76(未示出)与刀片59上的相应通槽(未示出)啮合。
鼓58包括至少三个等距隔开的径向孔77，它们在鼓58的轴线G相互相交，且与相应的槽72连通，以便允许将相应的压力螺钉78插入鼓58。更具体说，根据一个最佳实施例，各螺钉78与加工在相应支承件71的基部73上的一相应螺孔啮合，在首先松开螺钉76之后螺钉78的一端与相应刀片59配合并推动刀片59，以改变刀片59和鼓58的轴线G之间的距离，并因此调节与相应砧板61的干涉量及切割压力。作为另一种选择，也可不同地进行上述调节，例如通过调节安装相应刀片59的支承件71的位置。
和刀片59一样，砧板61沿轴线H的方向也是细长的，且用相应的成对螺钉(未示出)沿径向安装在鼓60上，并在其自由端包括相应的平的对立面79，对立面79被设计成与相应的刀片59配合。更具体说，鼓60包括朝外的三个槽80，所述槽绕轴线H等距隔开，且沿平行于轴线H的方向是细长的，每个均与一个相应的砧板啮合。
对每一个刀片59和每一个砧板61，切割件54，55还包括相应的啮合件81，82，所述啮合件相互配合以便在一相应的密封带26处夹住包装2的条26，并沿路径A将条25拉入切割位置。作用在条25上的由啮合件81，82施加的拉力将包装拉出相应的封钳和反向封钳，并确保待切割的密封带26相对于刀片59和相应砧板61正确定位。更具体说，啮合件81，82的作用确保各密封带26沿着一条介于两个密封线之间的线被切割。
各刀片59的啮合件81包括一个从相应支承件71的径向自由端一体地并沿周向地延伸的夹角附属部分，并且各砧板61的啮合件82包括一个从砧板61的径向自由端一体地并沿周向地延伸的倒圆附属部分。
装置1的操作如下。
如图2的箭头所示，使输送机10和11沿相反的方向转动，这样从相应路径P，Q的部分P1，Q1的端点并沿相应的部分P2，Q2，相应的封钳12和反向封钳13根据凸轮50，51的轮廓所限定运动与包装材料管14啮合。
在下面对操作循环的详细描述中，仅参照一个封钳12和相应的反向封钳13，很明显所有其它封钳12和反向封钳13都以取决于生产率的时间间隔完成同样的操作。
沿部分P1和Q1，封钳12和相应的反向封钳13合拢在一起，以便在一横向密封带76处逐渐变形并展平管14。
在部分P1，Q1的端部，用以控制包装的体积的装置37致动，并且封钳12和反向封钳13的半壳件38面对面配合，以便如上所述限定一具容纳被成形的包装2的空腔。
随着封钳12和反向封钳13到达凸轮50，51的相应的直线部分50b，51b(在此对管14施加最大夹紧压力)，加热元件29被通电以便热封限定密封带76的包装材料。
在凸轮50，51的部分50b，51b的下游(此在封钳12和反向封钳13之间没有力的交换)，与销23，24啮合的驱动轮16，28使它们与包装材料分离。
上述工作循环形成包装2的连接条25，密封带26使包装2相互连接；并且条25在导向板57之间朝切割件54，55进给。
随着鼓58，60绕相应轴线G，H转动，首先使啮合件81，82与一相应密封带26接触，所述密封带由啮合件81，82夹住并沿着路径A被拉入切割位置，在此切割位置，密封带76被完整地夹在刀片59和相应砧板61之间(两者均水平地定位)，并在此切割位置，刀片59和砧板61与密封带26相互作用，以便沿着一条介于密封线之间的线切割所述密封带。
由啮合件81，82施加的拉力保证包装2从相应的封钳和相应的反向封钳撤出，并确保在切割阶段各密封带76相对于刀片59和相应的砧板61正确地定位。
通过调节刀片59在鼓58上的径向位置，可调整切割压力。为作到这一点，各刀片59和相应的砧板均设定在水平的切割位置；松开用以将刀片59固定在相应支承件71上的螺钉76，并用一扳手调节压力螺钉78，以调节刀片59的径向位置。
从上面的描述中可清楚看出根据本发明的装置1的优点。
特别是与前面描述的已知包装装置不同，切割件54，55沿路径A定位，位于输送机10，11的下游，这样封钳2的结构就得以简化，不需在生产循环中的一个预定点用一控制装置来致动切割件54，55，并且不必对每个封钳12设置一个切割件(在所示例子中，三个刀片59和三个砧板61就足以实现切割操作)。
而且，在更换时，可以简单地从侧壁4，5的板19上将切割件54，55拆下，而使它们从装置1上卸下，而不必触动输送机10，11。
最后，啮合件81，82(在各刀片59和相应砧板61上)确保在切割阶段包装2的条75的密封带76相对于刀片59和相应的砧板61正确地定位，并确保包装2从相应封钳和相应反向封钳撤出，且将其拉离链式输送机10，11。
很清楚，如上所述，在不超出权利要求书范围的情况下可对装置，作出多种改动。

Claims (9)

1．一种用以由一热封包装材料制造的管(14)连续生产无菌密封包装(2)的包装装置(1)，其中包装(2)包含一种可灌装的食品，热封材料则呈片材的形式并沿一垂直的供给路径(A)进给；所述管(14)被充填进所述食品；并且所述装置包括：
一第一链式输送机(10)，带有一组封钳(12)，并限定了一循环的第一路径(P)，所述封钳(12)沿该路径运行；
一第二链式输送机(11)，带有一组反向封钳(13)，并限定了一循环的第二路径(Q)，所述反向封钳(13)沿该路径运行；
所述第一和所述第二路径(P，Q)包括靠近包装材料管(14)的所述供给路径(A)的各自工作部分(P1，P2；Q1，Q2)，并在所述供给路径(A)的相对侧面上对称地延伸，这样，沿着各自的所述工作部分(P1，P2；Q1，Q2)的至少一部分，所述第一输送机(10)的所述封钳(12)与所述第二输送机(11)的所述相应反向封钳(13)配合，以便在等距隔开的横向部分处夹住所述管(14)；
所述装置(1)还包括加热装置(29)，所述加热装置(29)至少安装在所述封钳(12)上并与所述管(14)配合，以便在所述横向部分处热封所述管(14)并限定一个包装(2)的条(25)，包装(2)由相应的横向密封带(26)相互连接；以及切割装置(31)，用以沿所述密封带(26)切割所述包装(2)的所述条(25)并如此分离所述包装(2)；
其特征在于所述切割装置(31)包括一个第一和一个第二切割件(54，55)，两者沿所述供给路径(A)位于所述输送机(10，11)的下方并位于供给路径(A)的相对侧面上，并且所述切割件(54，55)绕横向于所述供给路径(A)的相应的第一和第二转动轴线(G，H)同步地且反向地转动，并与所述包装(2)的所述条(25)配合以便沿所述密封带(26)切割包装(2)的所述条(25)并将所述包装(2)拉离所述链式输送机(10，11)。
2．如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于所述第一切割件(54)包括至少一个刀片(59)，并且所述第二切割件(55)包括至少一个砧板(61)，当切割包装(2)的所述条(25)的所述密封带(26)时所速砧板(61)限定了一个所述刀片(59)的对立面。
3．如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于所述第一和所述第二切割件(54，55)分别包括各自与所述刀片(59)和所述砧板(61)相关的第一和第二啮合件(81，82)，两者相互配合以便夹住包装(2)的所述条(25)的一个相应密封带(26)并沿所述供给路径(A)将该密封带(26)拉入切割位置，在所述切割位置所述刀片(59)和所述砧板(61)与该密封带(26)相互作用。
4．如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于所述第一切割件(54)包括一个与所述第一转动轴线(G)同轴的第一鼓(58)，所述鼓(58)绕第一转动轴线(G)转动，并支承所述刀片(59)和所述第一啮合件(81)，两者均从第一鼓(58)的外周面径向伸出；并且所述第二切割件(55)包括一个与所述第二转动轴线(H)同轴的第二鼓(60)，所述鼓(60)绕第二转动轴线(H)转动，并支承所述砧板(61)和所述第二啮合件(82)，两者均从第二鼓(60)的外周面上径向伸出。
5．如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于所述第一切割件(54)包括用以调节所述刀片(59)在所述第一鼓(58)上的径向位置的调节装置(78)；和可释放的紧固装置(76)，用以将所述刀片(59)固定在所述第一鼓(58)上由所述调节装置(78)限定的径向位置。
6．如权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于所述第一切割件(54)包括至少一个支承件(71)，所述支承件(71)径向地安装在所述第一鼓(58)上并具有一个容纳所述刀片(59)的座；所述可释放的紧固装置包括一对用以将所述刀片(59)固定在所述支承件(71)上的固定件(76)；并且所述调节装置包括一个压力件(78)，所述压力件(78)安装在所述第一鼓(58)上并与所述刀片(59)配合，以便相对于所述支承件(71)径向移动该刀片(59)。
7．如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于所述第一啮合件(81)由一个大致尖角状的附属部分构成，它从所述支承件(71)的一径向自由端一体地并沿周向地延伸。
8．如上述权利要求4到7中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于所述第二啮合件(82)是一个倒圆轮廓的附属部分，它从所述砧板(61)的一个径向自由端一体地并沿周向地延伸。
9．如上述权利要求4到8中的任一项所述的装置，其特征在于所述第一切割件(54)包括一组以等角度隔开的方式安装在所述第一鼓(58)上的所述刀片(59)；并且所述第二切割件(55)包括一组以等角度隔开的方式安装在所述第二鼓(60)上的所述砧板(61)。
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