CN1193465A - 微滴乳状液 - Google Patents

微滴乳状液 Download PDF

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CN1193465A
CN1193465A CN98105436A CN98105436A CN1193465A CN 1193465 A CN1193465 A CN 1193465A CN 98105436 A CN98105436 A CN 98105436A CN 98105436 A CN98105436 A CN 98105436A CN 1193465 A CN1193465 A CN 1193465A
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库尔特·鲍尔
克拉丽萨·纽伯
阿克塞尔·施密德
卡尔·M·沃尔克尔
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Abstract

本发明关系到一种水包油型微滴乳状液,含至少一种用做乳化剂的聚甘油酯和至少一种用做内相的亲油物质。乳化剂含一种三甘油单脂肪酸酯而亲油物质是选自类胡萝卜素,特别是β－胡萝卜素,维生素A,D,E和K及它们的衍生物和聚不饱和脂肪酸。

Description

微滴乳状液
本发明关系到一种水包油型微滴乳状液，含至少一种用做乳化剂的聚甘油酯和至少一种用做内相的亲油物质。
某些可以用于制备微滴乳状液的物质无疑能够生产用于人类的食品、药物或化妆品。例如，在药物领域中，已用表面活性剂做乳化剂制备微滴乳状液。这种表面活性剂在链的亲水部分含聚氧乙烯基。采用这类表面活性剂，即使脂溶性物质如维生素或药物活性物质也能加溶于水中而生成纯净的乳状液。但是，这类乳化剂可能对健康有害，因此禁止在食物中应用，主要是因为这类表面活性剂含可能致癌的残余单体。
由英国专利公开2,222,770中得知用糖酯做乳化剂的微滴乳状液。这种乳状液所含的主要共乳化剂却是有毒的低分子量聚氧乙烯。
美国专利5,045,337公开了用于食品领域的油包水型微滴乳状液系统。这种系统含聚甘油酯或单-甘油二酯做乳化剂，用于调制亲水的维生素和香味剂。
美国专利4,835,002叙述了用聚甘油酯制成的水包型微滴乳状液并建议用做食品领域中的亲油性食用油，赋香油或调味油。
本发明涉及一种水包油型微滴乳状液，含至少一种用做乳化剂的聚甘油酯和至少一种用做内相的亲油物质。该乳状液也可以用水稀释或不稀释。
本发明的微滴乳状液的特征在于乳化剂含至少一种三甘油单脂肪酸酯，以及选自类胡萝卜素，特别是β-胡萝卜素，维生素A，D，E和K及它们的衍生物的亲油物质，还含有聚不饱和脂肪酸如花生四烯酸，二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。
维生素的衍生物有，如维生素A乙酸酯，维生素A棕榈酸酯，维生素E乙酸酯等。维生素E可以包括合成和天然的生育酚。
能够用本微滴乳状液把上述亲油的物质加溶于任何量的水中，既不改变微滴乳状液的显微外观又不破坏该微滴乳状液。
所用的乳化剂是无毒的，因而该微滴乳状液能用于食品中。它们也能用于药物和化妆品中。
优选的三甘油单脂肪酸酯是三甘油单月桂酸酯，三甘油单癸酸酯或三甘油单辛酸酯，特别是三甘油单月桂酸酯或三甘油单辛酸酯。
微滴乳状液可以用或不用共乳化剂制备。优选的共乳化剂是乙醇，丙二醇，反式克特醇(transcutol)，聚乙二醇，聚甘油，单酸甘油酯或卵磷酯，特别是反式克特醇，单酸甘油酯或卵磷酯，其中特别优选的是卵磷酯。
此外，微滴乳状液也可以含至少一种载油。亲油物质至少可以部分地溶解在载油中，这就在制成的微滴乳状液中增加了亲油物质的最终含量。载油优选的是橙油，棕榈油，一种甘油三酯，角鲨烷，角鲨烯，苎烯，肉豆蔻酸异丙酯或棕榈酸异丙酯，特别是橙油，角鲨烷，苎烯，优选橙油。
微滴乳状液含有维生素特别是生育酚及/或维生素A，特别是维生素A棕榈酸酯。
微滴乳状液所含的类胡萝卜素优选地有全反-β-胡萝卜素，9-顺-β-胡萝卜素，13-顺-β-胡萝卜素，阿朴胡萝卜醛，虾青素，角黄素，藏花酸或蕃茄红素。特别优选的是β-胡萝卜素。
优选地，亲油物质含量，如生育酚，是1-20重％，乳化剂的含量为10-99重％，而共乳化剂(如果有的话)的含量是1-89重％，乳化剂与共乳化剂的比率优选的是50∶50重％。
微滴乳状液特别适用于食品、药物制剂和化妆品中。
根据本发明的微滴乳状液特别适用于其中上述亲油物质做为亲油的药物活性物质时需要加溶的配方中。因而，生育酚是特别有用的类脂。
本微滴乳状液可以和水以任何比例稀释或溶混。药物适用的微滴乳状液稀释液中含水90重％。在这个配方中，应当含0.1-2重％的生育酚。
形成微滴乳状液的速度取决于其各个组分的溶解速度。当使用油膏状的乳化剂，如甘油单月桂酸酯时，这些乳化剂的溶解速度可因轻轻的搅拌并加热至约40-45℃而加块。磁搅拌器是适用的，但也可用其它的搅拌器或任何的加热系统。当由各个组分生成了透明、各向同性的液体时，配制就完成了。一般需要几分钟。
在需要的情况下配方还可以含调味剂、着色剂和/或稠化剂。如果聚甘油酯的含量低于约3-5％，配方中还可以加入常用的防腐剂以利于保存。
以下的实施例说明了本发明的更多的特点和细节。
                        实施例1
称出5g生育酚，与30g三甘油单月桂酸酯以及65g软化水一起，把它们在45-50°和搅拌下溶解。得到一种透明的各向同性在4℃和45℃之间稳定的乳状液。此乳状液可用任何数量的水稀释。
                         实施例2
1g生育酚，4.5g三甘油单月桂酸酯和4.5g乙醇在一起搅拌。在室温下得到了一种透明黄色的微滴乳状液。此微滴乳状液可用任何数量的水稀释而不被破乳。
                         实施例3
1g生育酚，4.5g三甘油单月桂酸酯和4.5g丙二醇在室温下共同搅拌。得到了一种黄色粘稠的溶液。得到的微滴乳状液可以用100ml以上的水稀释而不破坏此微滴乳状液。
                         实施例4
2.5g生育酚和7.5g三甘油单辛酸酯用磁搅拌器在室温一搅拌至获得一透明的微滴乳状液基质为止。此基质可用水稀释并生成水包油型微滴乳状液。
                         实施例5
0.6g维生素K1，2.35g卵磷酯(共乳化剂)和7.05g三甘油单辛酸酯用磁搅拌器在室温下搅拌至得到一种透明的微滴乳状液基质为止。此基质可用水稀释生成水包油型微滴乳状液。
                         实施例6
1g生育酚和9g三甘油单癸酸酯在室温下搅拌。所得到的透明黄色微滴乳状液可与水按任何比例互溶而不破坏此微滴乳状液。
                         实施例7
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.45g软化水在搅拌下几分钟内溶解完毕。得到了一种透明黄色微滴乳状液基质。向此微滴乳状液基质中加入37mgβ-阿林-8′-胡萝卜酸乙酯。这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶于微滴乳状液基质中。得到一种可与任何数量水相溶的透明红色的微滴乳状液。
                         实施例8
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.4g软化水在搅拌下几分仲内溶解完毕。向此微滴乳状液基质中加入31mgβ-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜醛。这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶于微滴乳状液基质中。得到一种可与任何数量水相溶的透明红色的微滴乳状液。
                         实施例9
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.4g软化水在搅拌下几分仲内溶解完毕。0.3mg虾青素加入此微滴乳状液基质中。这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶于微滴乳状液基质中。得到一种可与任何数量水互溶的透明橙色的微滴乳状液。
                         实施例10
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.4g软化水在搅拌下几分仲内溶解完毕。1mg角黄加入此微滴乳状液基质中，这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几分钟内溶解完毕。1mg角黄素加入此微滴乳状液基质中，这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶于微滴乳状液基质内。得到一种透明橙色可与任何数量水相溶的微滴乳状液。
                         实施例11
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.4g软化水在搅拌下几分仲内溶解完毕。8mg蕃茄红素加至此微滴乳状液基质中。这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶于微滴乳状液基质中。得到一种透明红色的可与任何数量水相溶的微滴乳状液。
                         实施例12
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.4g软化水在搅拌下几分仲内溶解完毕。2mg全-反-β-胡萝卜素加至此微滴乳状液基质中。这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶解于微滴乳状液基质中。得到一种透明橙-红色可与任何数量水相溶的微滴乳状液。
                         实施例13
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.4g软化水在搅拌下几分仲内溶解完毕。30mg 13-顺-β-胡萝卜素加至此微滴乳状液基质中。这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶解在微滴乳状液基质中。得到一种可与任何数量水相溶的透明红色滴乳状液。
                         实施例14
1.6g橙油(载油)，3.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和5.4g软化水在搅拌下几分仲内溶解完毕。90mg 9-顺-β-胡萝卜素加至此微滴乳状液基质中。这种类胡萝卜素在搅拌下几小时内溶解在微滴乳状液基质中。得到一种可与任何数量水相溶的透明红色微滴乳状液。
                         实施例15
0.6g维生素A乙酸酯，9.4g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和15.0g软化水用磁搅拌器搅拌在约5分钟内加热至60℃。冷却后得到一种可用任何数量水稀释的黄色微滴乳状液。
                         实施例16
1.0g维生素E乙酸酯，8.0g三甘油单月桂酸酯(乳化剂)和1.0g Imwitor988(辛酸单甘油二酯，购自Huls公司，共乳化剂)在室温下和1.0.g软化水用磁搅拌器搅拌至得到微滴乳状液为止。此微滴乳状液可用任何数量的水稀释。

Claims (12)

1.一种水包油型微滴乳状液，含至少一种用做乳化剂的聚甘油酯和至少一种用做内相的亲油物质，其中乳化剂含一种三甘油单脂肪酸酯而亲油物质是选自类胡萝卜素，特别是β-胡萝卜素，维生素A，D，E和K及它们的衍生物和聚不饱和脂肪酸。
2.根据权利要求1的一种微滴乳状液，其中的三甘油单脂肪酸酯是三甘油单月桂酸酯，三甘油单癸酸酯或三甘油单辛酸酯，特别是三甘油单月桂酸酯或三甘油单辛酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1或2的一种微滴乳状液，它还含有一种共乳化剂。
4.根据权利要求3的一种微滴乳状液，其中的共乳化剂是乙醇，丙二醇，反式克特醇，一种聚乙二醇，一种聚甘油，一种单酸甘油酯或卵磷酯，特别是反式克特醇，一种单酸甘油酯或卵磷酯，优选地是卵磷酯。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任何一项的微滴乳状液，它还含有一种载油。
6.根据权利要求5的一种微滴乳状液，其中的载油是橙油，棕榈油，一种甘油三酯，角鲨烷，角鲨烯，苎烯，肉豆蔻酸异丙酯或棕榈酸异丙酯，特别是橙油，角鲨烷或苎烯，优选地是橙油。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的微滴乳状液，这含有生育酚和/或维生素A，特别是该维生素的维生素A棕榈酸酯。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的微滴乳状液，其中的亲油物质的含量，特别是生育酚，是1-20重％，乳化剂的含量是10-99重％而共乳化剂(如果有的话)是1-89重％，乳化剂与共乳化剂的比率优选的是约50∶50重％。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项的微滴乳状液，它所含的类胡萝卜素至少一种是选自全-反-β-胡萝卜素，9-顺-β-胡萝卜素，13-顺β-胡萝卜素，阿朴胡萝卜醛，虾青素，角黄素，藏花酸或蕃茄红素。优选至少一种β-胡萝卜素。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的微滴乳状液，它是用水稀释的。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的微滴乳状液，用于食品、药物制剂和化妆品中。
12.一种食品、药物或化妆品，含有至少一种根据权利要求1-10中任一项的微滴乳状液。
CN98105436A 1997-03-17 1998-03-09 微滴乳状液 Expired - Fee Related CN1085048C (zh)

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