CN1099843C - 制备光学透明产品的含水组合物及其制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents
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- 125000001020 α-tocopherol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种制备含水组合物的方法,其用于制备在糖浆中具有提高了的稳定性和对人体或动物保健具有提高的生物利用度的光学透明产品,特别是饮料。该组合物包括油可溶组份和与油可溶组份的脂肪酸分布相匹配的主、助表面活性剂,并具有油可溶组份与乳化剂的特定比例以及主、助表面活性剂的特定比例。
Description
本发明涉及用于保持和/或促进健康的含有可溶于油组份的组合物的制备方法。更具体地,本发明涉及用于人体或动物内用或外用产品(如饮料和胶囊)的组合物、制备这些组合物及含有这些组合物产品的方法。
WO/94/06310公开了一种含水组合物,其用来制备用于人体和动物保健的光学透明产品,该组合物含有0.1-2.0%油可溶组份作为适当油中20-30%分散液,或0.1-5.0%w/v作为乳化剂混合物的纯结晶化合物2-20%,该乳化剂混合物的HLB值在10-18之间或使用数种乳化剂的共混物,计算的HLB值在10-18之间,和0.1%的抗氧剂或数种抗氧剂的混合物。
“在微乳液理论和实践”(Microemulsions Theory and Practice)(EditedLeon M Prince chapter 3,Academic Press Inc.NY,1977)中,介绍到:当选择一种与油化学匹配的乳化剂时产生了稳定的微乳液。另外,为了形成满意的乳液,使用两种乳化剂,主表面活性剂和助表面活性剂是有帮助的。
然而,现有的组合物所遇到的问题是在一些糖类(特别是糖浆)、特别是那些含有聚合分子存在下的乳液的稳定性。具体的问题是当长时间(几个月)贮藏时形成了包藏化合物(occlusion compound)或复合物。
现在我们已发现:通过使用含有脂肪酸残余物的乳化剂混合物,使用油或油分散剂与乳化剂的特殊比例以及主表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的特殊比例,可制备在糖浆中具有提高的生物利用率和稳定性,该脂肪酸残余物化学匹配油可溶组份或油可溶组份分散体的脂肪酸残余物。
因此,本发明提供一种制备含水组合物的方法,该组合物用来制备用于人体和动物保健的光学透明产品,该方法包括:a)混合0.001-2.0%油可溶组份或0.1-2.0%w/w油可溶组份作为在适当油中的20-30%分散液与2-10%具有HLB(亲水亲油平衡)值为10-18的乳化剂混合物,并加热到25-150℃范围内,以产生透明混合物,b)在连续搅拌下把该混合物与水结合,以制备透明组合物,
其特征在于该乳化剂混合物是主表面活性剂与助催化剂的组合物,其中该乳化剂的脂肪酸分布(profile)与油可溶组份或油可溶组份分散液的脂肪酸分布相匹配,主表面活性剂的HLB值大于助表面活性剂的HLB值,油或油分散液与乳化剂的重量比在1∶1-1∶7之间,主、助表面活性剂之比为10∶1-200∶1之间。
优选油或油分散液与乳化剂之比在1∶1-1∶5之间。优选主、助表面活性剂之比在20∶1-50∶1之间,最适当的约30∶1。
令人意外地是,除了解决形成包藏复合物外,已发现通过含有少量的助表面活性剂,使得可以使所用的总乳化剂更少。这在含有糖浆的饮料中是特别有价值的,在这里减少乳化剂的含量有利于成本和口味,且减少了“合成”组份的量。
本发明使用非常低量的乳化剂允许形成在糖浆中的稳定组合物,糖浆量一般高到60白利糖度(Brix)。这尤其适用于特别是能量饮料和胶囊产品的配方中,在这些产品中过量的乳化剂与糖类一起可导致在长期(几个月)储存时形成包藏复合物。
本发明组合物相对于已知组合物的重要优点是其经济性,因为它开发了具有最少量乳化剂的产品。这些组合物特别适用于以宜于摄取的微分散形式向含水制剂中加入生物活性油。
优选把在a)中的混合物加到水中。优选一种或多种抗氧剂首先与乳化剂分散在a)中。适当的油可溶组份是我们称为天然或合成油的生物活性油,这些油是或者在具体的预防中含有生物活性剂或是含治疗剂。
本发明的组合物用岂今为止发现很难在这种产品中令人满意地溶解的各组份,能制备具有所希望性能,特别是高水溶性的产品。
优选生物活性油是天然源的油,例如选自茶藨子属、紫草科、唇形科、柳叶菜科和葫芦科(Curcubitaceae)的种的种子或花;真菌源的油;鱼油或其他天然油。优选的油包括月见草、玻璃苣/星形花的油和美洲茶藨子种子油。优选该油可溶组份含有着色组份。
含有β胡萝卜素作为油可溶组份的组合物已是特别成功的。β胡萝卜素特别合适的来源包括天然和合成的β胡萝卜素作为在油中的分散液(购自于包括本文提到的各种商业来源)。
合适地,油的量为0.001-2.0%,优选为0.1-1.0%(重量),以纯物质来表示。用于本发明的油可用现有技术的已知方法从天然源中提取。这些油可市购,如购于Dorset,Poole,Sigma Chemcal Co.这些组合物可含有多于一种的生物活性油。
其他生物活性组份可用在本发明的组合物中,特别是类胡萝卜素色素,如β-类胡萝卡素,以得到有色和营养的生化的有用组合。
该生物活性的油可与其他适当的油混合或分散,尤其是可消耗的油,如玉米油、花生油、红花油、橄榄油、菜子油以及特别是那些用于饮料中提供香味的许多必要的油,如柑桔油。
乳化剂可以是适宜于人体或动物体消费或使用的任何阴离子、阳离子、两性或非离子乳化剂。优选该乳化剂是非离子乳化剂,其HLB(亲水/亲油平衡)值为12-16,更优选为15。优选的混合物包括Tween 80(聚氧乙烯山梨糖单油酸酯)和Span 80(山梨糖单油酸酯),购自于Surrey、Leatherheed,ICISpeciality Chemicals.或购自于Dorset,Poole,Sigma Chemical Compang。
适当的乳化剂混合物是乳化剂的二元或四元共混物,如Tween 60与蔗糖酯乳化剂(由日本、Tokyo 104、Chuo-ku,13-3 Ginza 5-Chome,Ichikawa Building,Mitsubishi Kasei Food Corporation制造)的共混物,或Tween60和蔗糖酯以及脂肪酸甘油酯(购自于Suffolk,Bury St.Edmunds,NorthernWay,Grindsted Products Limited.)的共混物。
选择该组合物中乳化剂混合物的量,该量取决于使用的具体生物活性油、其制备方法和其含有的量。例如,含有1%(重量)的生物活性油的油基分散液通常需要1-8%w/n的乳化剂混合物来形成透明的分散液,结果当稀释时在具体产品中不会有明显的不利的气味。
优选该乳化剂混合物包括聚山梨酸酯,特别是在可消费品中的聚山梨酸酯60,因为它具有最小可识别的味道这一优点。因此,本发明特别有用的前景是其制备无味组合物的能力。
该组合物优选另外含有抗氧剂,它可以是,例如,α-生育酚、乙酸生育酯、抗坏血酸、棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、丁基化的羟基茴香醚(BHA)和丁基化的羟基甲苯(BHT)或这些抗氧剂的混合物。特别优选的抗氧剂是α-生育酚、乙酸生育酯、棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯和抗坏血酸。
尽管本发明特别适用于制备光学透明的产品,但本发明也可用来制备不透明的、浑浊产品。对于这些产品,特别是那些含有乳化的油的产品经常遇到的问题是“颈圈”(neck ringing)。已发现根据本发明制备的组合物不具有这个问题。应懂得:除了饮料外,本发明组合物可用于药物或兽医领域,如维生素和咳嗽糖浆、咽喉喷雾剂、洗剂和漱口水,尤其是在光学透明度很重要的场合。
一些生物活性油含有维生素和前维生素,如维生素A、D、E,类胡萝卜素色素,和营养方面很重要的脂肪酸。
在本发明的组合物中,认为该生物活性油以胶束形式或作为微乳浊剂精细分散,因为当通过透射光观察时它们表现出一些性能,如透明性。因此,本发明组合物的另一个优点是:这些油在含水制剂中的精细分散有助于提高人体组织的有效摄取(当该组合物用于人体时)。尽管生物活性油颗粒的小粒径有助于其摄取,但具有乳化剂的油的存在或摄取也有助于这些物质通过膜的高效转移。
本发明的制剂也具有耐酸性。这一点是有利的,因为在肠胃道吸收之前,该制剂能经受得起胃的强酸条件。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种给人体或动物体给药油可溶材料的方法:包括用本发明组合物处理所说的机体。优选该组合物是口服给药,例如以液体组合物的形式。
根据本发明得到的组合物是一种能溶于水基产品以产生光学透明最终产品的含水分散液。应懂得:在本发明组合物中或最终的食品产品中可任选地包括其他组份,如增甜剂、防腐剂(如二氧化硫、苯甲酸和山梨酸)、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿物质和其他用在食品和饮料产品中的其他材料。任选地,该组合物还包括辅助抗氧化剂,如锌、硒和镁,这些是人体内天然存在的抗氧化酶所需要的。优选给最终产品矫味;这可以通过加入天然调味品如水果汁和浓缩物、提取物或调味添加剂来实现。优选向最终饮料中加入另外的营养组份,如描述在“食品分类规则1984”(The Food Labelling Regulations1984)(Statutory Instrument No.1305(1984)H.M.S.O.,London)中的其他维生素和矿物质。
可加入适当的加工助剂。这些助剂可包括影响pH,氧化还原电位、酶活性、氢结合和/或其他方面的组份。加工的助剂例如是二氧化硫、其他抗氧剂、金属盐、酸(如磷酸和柠檬酸、碱、表面活性剂如卵磷脂和淀粉增塑剂,如氯化钙。包括的优选加工助剂是抗泡沫剂,如氧化硅。
营养值易受到损失组份在该方法的后面阶段加入。任选地,该产品可在配制后在避光或除氧的容器中制备,以增加对引发降解的光或氧敏感的材料的保护。任选地,该产品可充满碳酸气的。
在高温下使用导致该油降解的可能性,除非采取适当的预防措施。例如,希望通过在氮气氛中加热该混合物来除去氧。在本发明的另一方面,向该组合物中加入另外的水以生成水性中间产物,其适用于用在适当的水基产品中。
在本发明的再一方面,使用了胡萝卜素微乳浊剂,以在医学中向血液和组织中输送高生物利用度胡萝卜素。通过下列实施例举例说明本发明。
实施例
进行实验以制备在糖浆中具有最大稳定性和透明性的组合物。选择高HLB的主表面活性剂以便尽可能地与该组合物中存在的油尽可能地化学匹配。例如,在下列组合物中,(其中β-胡萝卜素(30%分散液)分散在富含油酸的植物油中),使用富含油酸残余物的乳化剂。通过制备含有大幅度过量乳化剂的微乳浊剂,来首先筛选所选择的主表面活性剂。一些微乳浊剂是浑浊的,其它是透明的。使用主表面活性剂制备透明微乳浊剂,选择许多助表面活性剂。它们具有较低的HLB值,但与相对的主表面活性剂在化学组成上相似。发现存在少量具体的助表面活性剂可使总乳化剂的量减少,结果改进了微乳浊剂的稳定性。
主表面活性剂与助表面活性剂之比通过制备一系列相图来确定,这种相图用图示出该组合物如何与该微乳浊剂的透明度有关,以便提供足够的信息来进一步优化该组合物。然后设计另外一些实验来优化该微化液。统计方法[如Box,G.E.P.,Hunter,W.G.和Hunfer,J.S.(1978)实验统计学]使得能减少所需要实验的总数。所得的结果用Minitabs for Windows“统计软件”(Version 10,Minitab Inc.,State College,PA,USA)作图。
通过测量在800nm处通过每一个微乳浊剂的光透过,来测定每一个微乳浊剂的透明度。得到一个多项式,其可以用来解释该微乳浊剂组合物与其透明度的关系。用该等式来形成等值和响应表面曲线,如图1和图2所示。为了测定在糖浆中最佳稳定性的最佳组合物,可用类似方法,但在制备每一个微乳浊剂后,向糖浆中加入一小部分,加热到70℃,冷却,并测定透明度。得到一个多项式来解释微乳浊剂组合物与透明度之间的关系。也用它来绘制在糖浆中1小时后微乳浊剂透明度的等值和响应曲线。把图3和4的曲线与图1和2的相比较,可以看出:在糖浆中于加热后能提供最佳透明度的组合物不同于没有糖浆存在下的那些组合物。
实施例1.1-组合物
%w/w(重量/重量)β-胡萝卡素*(30%分散液) 0.3乳化剂(多山梨酸酯80) 3.5乳化剂(脱水山梨醇单油酸酯) 0.7加水至 100*购自Stwitzerland,Basel,F.Hoffman-La Roche商品名β胡萝卜素30%FS。
把该β-胡萝卜素分散在这两种乳化剂中,并把该混合物在搅拌下加热到140℃。在这一时刻,该混合物应保持透明。最后,该混合物与加热水混合,然后迅速冷却。
图1和图2的等高和响应表面曲线表明:需要用来制备微乳浊剂的多山梨酸酯80和脱水山梨醇单油酸酯的组合物具有最大的透明度。
该乳化剂混合物满足下式:%透射=-59.4+63.8(Tween 80g/100go)+169(Span 80g/100g)-9.16(Tween80g/100g)2-119(Span 80g/100g)2实施例1.2在糖浆中有最大稳定性的有色组合物
%w/wβ-胡萝卡素*(30%分散液) 0.33乳化剂(多山梨酸酯80) 5乳化剂(脱水山梨醇单油酸酯) 0.15加水至 100*参见实施例1.1
把该β-胡萝卜素分散在这两种乳化剂中,并把该混合物在搅拌下加热到140℃。在这一时刻,该混合物应保持透明。最后,该混合物与热水混合,如在实施例1.1中详细介绍的。这些组合物稳定一年。
图3和图4的等高和响应表面曲线表明:需要用来制备微乳浊剂的多山梨酸酯80和脱水山梨醇单油酯的组合物当加入到糖浆组合物中时,具有最大的稳定度。
得到的透明度由下列等式定义:%透射=-5.2+32.5(Tween 80%w/w)+51(Span 80%w/w)-3(Tween 80%w/w)2-159(Span 80%w/w)2实施例1.3用于生物利用度研究的β-胡萝卜素(实施例2)
%w/wβ-胡萝卡素*(30%分散液) 0.45乳化剂(多山梨酸酯60) 6乳化剂(蔗糖硬脂酸酯) 0.7加水至 100*参见实施例1.1
将β-胡萝卜素分散在多山梨酸酯60中,并在搅拌下把该混合物加热到140℃。连续搅拌下加入到蔗糖硬脂酸酯,直到该混合物透明。如在实施例1.1中所述的,把该混合物加到热水中。实施例1.4.制备装瓶的矫味浓缩物
通过在搅拌下把下列组份混合在一起制备矫味的浓缩物。最后加入调味剂和微乳浊剂。
%w/w葡萄糖浆(S.G1.4) 63.27防腐剂 0.07酸化剂 0.89矫味剂 0.03水 34.45β-胡萝卜素微乳浊剂组合物 0.28总量 100.00质量参数为:折射可溶固体物 50.8±0.5°Brix酸度,用柠檬酸表示,0.76±004%w/w
该调味的浓缩物在91℃±2℃巴氏杀菌42±3秒钟,并冷却到低于30℃。在装瓶之前用2.25份水稀释1分调味的浓缩物。在该实施例中,该微乳浊剂含有0.45%w/v β-胡萝卜素,最终产品含有每升4.5mg β-胡萝卜素。
通过改变微乳浊剂组合物和/或改变加到调味的浓缩物中的微乳浊剂组合物的量,可改变在最终产品中生物活性油的浓度。
实施例2生物利用度的研究
在健康自愿者中,把实施例1.2所述的微乳浊剂β-胡萝卜素制剂与用β-胡萝卜素水可分散粉(商品名BETATENE,2.5%,购自于Ireland,HenkelIreland Ltd,Cork)制得的常规分散制剂的生物利用度进行比较。这些制剂是在250ml中含有15mg β-胡萝卜素的饮料(如在实施例1.2中)。包括一种看起来和味道上与另外两种产品一样的安慰剂,但不含β-胡萝卜素。
对这三种产品的说明Brix 18.0±0.2°酸度0.29±0.03%w/w(用柠檬酸一水合物来表示)根据拉丁平方随机方案,受试者饮用一个250ml安慰剂,或微乳浊剂饮料或分散液饮料。
用于生物利用率比较研究的三个变化的配方 | |||
组份 | 安慰剂(g/l) | 微乳浊剂饮料制剂(h/l) | 分散液饮料制剂(g/l) |
葡萄糖糖浆 | 239.42 | 239.42 | 239.42 |
调味剂 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
苯甲酸钠 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
抗坏血酸 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
乳酸 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
柠檬酸 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 1.75 |
咖啡因 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
晚霞黄 | 0.056 | - | - |
作为微乳液的β胡萝卜素 | - | 0.06 | - |
作为分散液的β胡萝卜素 | - | 0.06 | |
加水至体积 |
用药前首先每周收集血液样品三周,用药后以适当的次数收集11天。用完全确认的HPLC法分析血清中的β-胡萝卜素。而治疗期被隔开9天。
图5表示服用这两种试验制剂和安慰剂后11天内β-胡萝卜素血清浓度。
发现:微乳浊剂和分散液制剂的平均最大血清β-胡萝卜素浓度和在该曲线下的面积是不一样的。在0.1%水平下这两种差异是显著的。从这一点是可以推出:相对于常规分散液,当服用微乳浊剂时,β-胡萝卜素具有更高的生物利用率。
Claims (13)
1.一种制备光学透明产品的含水组合物的方法,该产品在糖浆中具有提高了的稳定性和对人体或动物保健的提高了的生物利用率,该方法包括:
a)混合0.001-2.0%w/w油可溶组份或0.1-2.0%w/w油可溶组份作为在适当油中的20-30%w/w分散液与2-10%具有亲水亲油平衡HLB值为10-18的乳化剂混合物,并加热到25-150℃范围内,以产生透明混合物,
b)在连续搅拌下把该混合物与水结合,以制备透明组合物,其特征在于该乳化剂混合物是主表面活性剂与助催化剂的组合物,其中该乳化剂的脂肪酸分布与油可溶组份或油可溶组份分散液的脂肪酸分布相匹配,主表面活性剂的HLB值大于助表面活性剂的HLB值,油溶性成分或油分散液与乳化剂的重量比在1∶1-1∶7之间,主、助表面活性剂之比为10∶1-200∶1之间。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中把该乳液混合物加到水中。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中把一种或多种抗氧剂首先分散在该乳化剂中。
4.用于人体或动物保健光学透明产品的含水组合物,是根据权利要求1、2或3的方法制得的。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中该油可溶组份包括着色组份。
6.权利要求4的组合物,其中主、助表面活性剂之比为20∶1至50∶1。
7.权利要求6组合物,其中主、助表面活性剂之比约为30∶1。
8.权利要求4的组合物,其中油可溶组份的量为0.1-1.0%。
9.权利要求4的组合物,其中该乳化剂的量少于6%。
10.权利要求4的组合物,其中抗氧剂的量为0.3-0.5%。
11.权利要求4的组合物,其中存在抗坏血酸或α-生育酚或二者都存在。
12.一种人体或动物使用的产品,含有权利要求4的组合物。
13.向人体或动物体给药油可溶材料的方法,包括用权利要求4的组合物治疗所说的人体或动物体。
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