CN1175181C - 机车怠速止动系统 - Google Patents

机车怠速止动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1175181C
CN1175181C CNB018005977A CN01800597A CN1175181C CN 1175181 C CN1175181 C CN 1175181C CN B018005977 A CNB018005977 A CN B018005977A CN 01800597 A CN01800597 A CN 01800597A CN 1175181 C CN1175181 C CN 1175181C
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Prior art keywords
motor
locomotive
idling stop
engine
stop system
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB018005977A
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CN1380943A (zh
Inventor
布施彻
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/08—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/26—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
    • F02D41/28—Interface circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/10—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • F16H59/68—Inputs being a function of gearing status
    • F16H59/72—Inputs being a function of gearing status dependent on oil characteristics, e.g. temperature, viscosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
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Abstract

在发动机(1)正运行时当满足发动机关闭条件时，控制器(10)自动关闭发动机(1)(怠速止动状态)。当发动机(1)自动关闭并满足重新启动条件时，通过马达(2)驱动发动机(1)并重新启动发动机(1)。这时，当在应用马达(2)驱动发动机(1)的启动之后发动机(1)的转速增加率较低时确定机车处于恶化状态。此后，禁止怠速止动。此外，当确定机车处于上坡时，不执行恶化状态的确定。通过马达(2)驱动发动机(1)并立即重新启动发动机(1)。

Description

机车怠速止动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够自动关闭和重新启动发动机的机车怠速止动系统。
背景技术
在日本专利局1997年出版的JP-A-H9-72266中所公开的一种机车能够在满足发动机停止工作条件时自动地关闭发动机以提高燃油效率。此后当满足发动机重新启动条件时，通过马达驱动该发动机并自动地重新启动该发动机。
发明内容
当机车具有扭矩变换器时，根据到扭矩变换器的输入转速产生机车启动时的蠕变扭矩。这就是说，它根据发动机和马达的转速产生。因此，当满足发动机的重新启动条件并且机车开始运行时，与马达的转速的增加的延迟相对应地延迟了蠕变扭矩的发生。
通常这种延迟较短暂，它并不影响启动性能。然而，电池的消耗或马达的老化或在发动机或驱动系统中的摩擦的增加(下文称为恶化(deterioration))状态可能导致在机车启动时马达和发动机转速的增加率减小。结果，延迟了蠕变扭矩的产生，降低了启动性能。
因此，可取的是，确定机车是否处于恶化状态，如果确定机车是处于恶化状态则禁止自动关闭发动机(怠速止动)。如果禁止怠速止动，则一直保持发动机运行，即使在机车停止时，蠕变扭矩总是在一定程度上产生。结果，可以防止延迟产生蠕变扭矩。
然而，当机车处于上坡时，由于作用在驱动轮上的阻力增加，甚至在机车并没有处于恶化状态时，马达和发动机的转速的增加率也减小。因此，当执行确定恶化状态时，需要将上坡情况从该恶化状态中区别开来。
此外，当机车在上坡上重新启动时，如果执行在平路上的启动控制，则降低机车的启动性能，因为不能获得用于对付作用在驱动轮上的阻力的足够的驱动扭矩。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够精确地检测恶化状态的机车怠速止动系统。本发明的进一步发明目的是即使机车处于上坡时也能够平稳地重新启动机车。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供一种机车怠速止动系统，该机车怠速止动系统包括发动机、连接到发动机的马达、扭矩变换器、通过扭矩变换器连接到发动机或马达并由发动机或马达驱动的驱动轮以及微处理器。对该微处理器进行编程以确定在发动机运行时是否满足发动机关闭条件，在满足发动机关闭条件时关闭发动机，在关闭了发动机时确定是否满足发动机重新运行的条件，在满足发动机重新启动条件时以马达驱动该发动机并确定该机车是否处于上坡，确定在以马达驱动该发动机的启动之后在发动机重新启动之前发动机的转速的增加率是否小于在机车没有处于上坡时的预定的增加率，以及当确定发动机的转速的增加率低于预定的增加率时基于发动机的关闭条件禁止发动机的关闭。
本发明的详细描述以及其他特征和优点将在下文阐述并在附图中示出。
附图说明
附图1所示为根据本发明的怠速止动系统的示意图。
附图2所示为发动机重新启动程序的流程图。
附图3所示为设定恶化确定阈值的表。
附图4所示为设定恶化确定阈值的另一表。
附图5所示为发动机关闭程序的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图1，一种混合机车具有发动机1和连接到发动机1并与发动机1同时转动的电动发电机2。
发动机1和电动发电机2的输出传输到具有扭矩变换器(液力离合器)3a的变速器3、变速器输出轴4、差动齿轮单元5，以及最后通过驱动轴6传输到驱动轮9。
电动发电机2通过变换器8连接到高压电池7。当发动机1启动时(当点火开关处于接通位置时发动机启动或从怠速止动状态重新启动发动机)从电池7将电功率输送到电动发电机2，电动发电机2驱动发动机1。除了当发动机1启动时以外，电动发电机2作为发电机工作，并应用所产生的电能对电池7进行充电。这就是说，电动发电机2用作启动发动机1的马达。在其他的时间中，并不需要从电池7中给电动发电机2输送电能，它不作为马达工作。因此，电池7可以具有较小的容量。
控制器10控制发动机1、电动发电机2和变速器3。来自下述的传感器的信号输入到控制器10。
-点火开关11
-基于曲柄角信号检测发动机1的转速Ne的曲柄角传感器12
-检测加速器踏板操作量APO的加速器踏板传感器13
-检测发动机1的节流阀开口TVO的节流阀传感器14
-检测在节流阀的下游的进气压力(在进气歧管中为负压)的进气压力传感器15
-检测在发动机1的冷却水的温度TW的水温传感器16
-当加速器踏板没有压下或在节流阀完全关闭时放置在接通位置的怠速开关17
当刹车踏板压下时放置在接通位置的刹车开关18
-检测机车速度VSP的机车速度传感器19
-检测扭矩变换器3a的油温度Toil的油温度传感器20
-基于作用在机车的重力加速度的方向上检测坡度的坡度传感器21。
附图2所示为当点火开关11处于接通位置以及发动机1自动关闭(机车处于怠速止动状态)时所执行的发动机重新启动程序的流程图。
在步骤S1中，根据标志FIS确定发动机1是否已经自动关闭(机车处于怠速止动状态)。当标志FIS为“1”时该程序进行到步骤S2，确定该机车处于怠速止动状态。当该标志FIS为“0”时，确定该机车没有处于怠速止动状态，该程序终止。
在步骤S2中，确定是否满足发动机重新启动的条件。例如，当怠速开关17处于切断位置时(加速器踏板压下)并且刹车踏板开关18处于切断位置时(刹车踏板释放)时，满足发动机重新启动的条件。当确定满足发动机重新启动的条件时，该程序进行到步骤S3。当确定不满足发动机重新启动条件时，该程序终止。
在步骤S3中，通过电动发电机2驱动发动机1。同时，启动定时器T。
在步骤S4中，确定由机车速度传感器19所检测的机车速度VSP是否为负值。当机车速度VSP为负值时，确定机车在上坡，机车后退。在步骤S4中，当确定机车速度VSP大于或等于零并因此机车没有在上坡时，该程序进行到步骤S5。基于由坡度传感器21所检测的重力加速度的方向可以确定机车是否在上坡。
在步骤S5中，根据定时器T的值确定自应用电动发电机2驱动发动机1启动时起经过的时间是否达到恶化确定时间T0(例如，T0＝0.2秒)。当确定自应用电动发电机2驱动发动机1启动时起经过的时间已经达到恶化确定时间T0，该程序进行到步骤S6。
在步骤S6中，确定由电动发电机2所驱动的发动机1的转速Ne是否小于恶化确定阈值NL。当恶化确定时间T0设定为0.2秒时，将恶化确定阈值NL设定为例如900rpm。当发动机1的转速增加率小于预定速率(4500rpm/秒)，确定该机车处于恶化状态。
通过参考在附图3中所示的表根据发动机1的冷却水的温度Tw可以校正恶化确定阈值NL。在发动机1中的摩擦随着在发动机1中的冷却水温度的降低而增加。这就导致发动机1的转速增加率较低。因此，随着发动机1的冷却水温度Tw降低将恶化确定阈值NL校正为更小的值。
通过参考在附图4中所示的表根据扭矩变换器3a的油温度Toil可以校正恶化确定阈值NL。在扭矩变换器3a中的摩擦随着在扭矩变换器3a中的油温度的降低而增加，这就导致发动机1的转速增加率较低。因此，随着扭矩变换器3a的油温度Toil降低将恶化确定阈值NL校正为更小的值。
当根据发动机1的冷却水温度Tw或扭矩变换器3a的油温度Toil校正耗损确定阈值NL时，可以改善恶化状态的确定精度。
通过测量从应用电动发电机2驱动发动机1的启动到达到预定的转速的发动机1的转速的时间，还可以确定机车是否处于恶化状态。当发动机1的转速达到预定的转速所需的时间超过预定的阈值时，可以确定机车处于恶化状态。
在步骤S6中，当确定发动机1的转速Ne小于耗损确定阈值NL，确定发动机1的转速的增加率小于预定的增加率，机车处于恶化状态。
在步骤S37中，标志FPH设定为1，这表示发动机1的自动关闭禁止(禁止怠速止动)。这样，如下文所描述，禁止随后的怠速止动。因此该程序进行到步骤S10，通过发动机点火和燃料喷射，立即重新启动发动机1。
在另一方面，当在步骤S6中确定发动机转速Ne小于或等于耗损确定阈值NL时，确定机车处于恶化状态中，该程序进行到步骤S8。在步骤S8中，标志FPH设定为“0”，表明允许怠速止动。
然后，该程序进行到步骤S9，确定由进气压力传感器15所检测的发动机1的进气压力Pb是否已经达到与在怠速过程中的进气压力所对应的进气压力(例如，-400毫米汞柱)。该进气压力为应用大气压力作为参考压力的相对压力。-400毫米汞柱的进气压力是指进气压力比大气压低400毫米汞柱。
当确定进气压力Pb已经达到了与怠速相对应的压力时，该程序进行到步骤S10，通过发动机点火和燃料喷射重新启动发动机1。在以这种方式形成进气压力之后通过重新启动发动机1可以抑制发动机扭矩的快速增加。因此，可以防止燃油效率降低或启动机车时的冲击。
当进气压力Pb已经达到了预定压力时，重新启动发动机1。然而，当发动机1的燃料喷射量小于或等于预定量(例如燃料喷射时间Tp小于4毫秒)时或者当发动机1的转速Ne上升到预定值(大于耗损确定阈值NL)时，可以重新启动发动机1。此外，通过测量自应用电动发电机2驱动发动机1启动时所经过的时间，当所经过的时间已经达到预定值(例如1.2秒)时，可以重新启动发动机1。
在另一方面，当在步骤S4中确定该机车处于上坡时，并不执行从步骤S5至步骤S8的耗损确定程序，也不执行基于耗损确定的怠速止动禁止。这是因为当该机车处于上坡时作用在驱动轮9上的扭矩增加，导致发动机1的转速增加率降低。因此，不可能精确地确定恶化状态。因此，在这种情况下，该程序进行到步骤S10，发动机1立即重新启动。由于在进气压力已经形成之前重新启动发动机1，与进气量成比例的燃料喷射量较大。因此，可以产生与作用在驱动轮9上的阻力的增加相对应的较大的发动机扭矩。这样，即使在机车处于上坡上仍然可以确保平稳启动。
附图5所示为在发动机1正运行时所执行的发动机关闭程序的流程图。
在步骤S21中，确定点火开关11是否处于切断位置。当点火开关11没有处于切断位置时，该程序进行到步骤S22。
在步骤S22中，根据标志FPH确定发动机1的自动关闭(怠速止动)是否已经禁止。当禁止怠速止动(FPH＝1)时，该程序终止。当允许怠速止动(FPH＝0)时，该程序进行到步骤S23。
在步骤S23中，确定是否满足发动机关闭条件。更具体地说，当满足下述所有的条件时，确定满足发动机关闭条件。
-怠速开关17处于接通位置。
-发动机转速Ne大致等于在怠速过程中的转速。
-机车速度VSP为零。
-刹车开关18处于接通位置。
当不满足发动机关闭条件，该程序终止。当满足发动机关闭条件时，该程序进行到步骤S24。
在步骤S24中，发动机1自动关闭。在步骤S25中，将标志FIS设定为“1”，表明发动机1现在自动关闭(在怠速止动状态下)，该程序终止。
在另一方面，当在步骤S21中点火开关处于切断位置时，该程序进行到步骤S26，发动机1关闭。在步骤S27中，将标志FIS设置为“0”，表明该机车没有处于怠速止动状态。在步骤S28中，将标志FPH设置为“0”，表明允许怠速止动，该程序终止。当在机车停止工作时甚至在机车先前运行时已经禁止怠速止动时，在点火开关11处于切断位置时将标志FPH设置为“0”的原因在于释放怠速止动禁止。
在此将日本专利申请P2000-77961(2000年3月21日申请)的整个内容结合在本申请中，并且本申请要求该申请作为优选权的基础。
虽然上文参考本发明的一定的实施例已经描述了本发明，但是本发明并不限于上文所描述的实施例。对于本领域熟练人员来说，根据上文的教导可以对上文所描述的实施例进行修改和变化。本发明的范围以下面的权利要求确定。
工业实用性
如上文所描述，怠速止动系统有利于在恶化状态下禁止怠速止动并增强启动性能。此外还有利于增强在上坡时从怠速停止状态重新启动机车时的启动性能。

Claims (9)

1.一种机车怠速止动系统，该机车怠速止动系统包括：
发动机(1)；
连接到发动机(1)的马达(2)；
扭矩变换器(3a)；
通过扭矩变换器(3a)连接到发动机(1)或马达(2)并由发动机(1)或马达(2)驱动的驱动轮(9)；以及
微处理器(10)，对该微处理器进行编程以
在发动机(1)运行时确定是否满足发动机关闭条件，
在满足发动机关闭条件时关闭发动机(1)，
在发动机关闭运行时确定是否满足发动机重新启动的条件，
在满足发动机重新启动条件时以马达(2)驱动该发动机(1)并确定该机车是否处于上坡，
确定在以马达(2)驱动该发动机(1)的启动之后在重新启动发动机(1)之前发动机(1)的转速的增加率是否小于在机车没有处于上坡时的预定的增加率，以及
当确定发动机(1)的转速的增加率低于预定的增加率时基于发动机的关闭条件禁止关闭发动机(1)。
2.如权利要求1所述的机车怠速止动系统，其中
微处理器(10)进一步编程为；
测量在自应用马达(2)驱动发动机(1)的启动之后所经过的时间；
确定在自应用马达(2)驱动发动机(1)的启动后经过预定的时间之后发动机(1)的转速是否小于耗损确定阈值；以及
在确定在自应用马达(2)驱动发动机(1)的启动后经过预定的时间之后发动机(1)的转速小于耗损确定阈值时确定在发动机(1)的转速的增加率小于预定的增加率。
3.如权利要求1所述的机车怠速止动系统，其中微处理器(10)进一步编程为当确定机车在上坡时在与应用马达(2)驱动发动机(1)相同的时间上重新启动发动机(1)。
4.如权利要求1所述的机车怠速止动系统，其中微处理器(10)进一步编程为当确定该机车没有在上坡时在发动机(1)的进气压力达到与在怠速过程中的进气压力相对应的压力时重新启动发动机(1)。
5.如权利要求2所述的机车怠速止动系统，其中随着发动机(1)的冷却液温度的增加而增加耗损确定阈值。
6.如权利要求2所述的机车怠速止动系统，其中随着在扭矩变换器(3a)中的油温度的增加而增加耗损确定阈值。
7.如权利要求1所述的机车怠速止动系统，进一步包括检测机车速度的传感器(19)，其中微处理器(10)进一步编程为基于该机车速度确定机车是否处于上坡。
8.如权利要求1所述的机车怠速止动系统，进一步包括检测重力加速度的方向的传感器(21)，其中微处理器(10)进一步编程为基于重力加速度的方向确定机车是否处于上坡。
9.一种机车怠速止动系统，该机车怠速止动系统包括：
发动机(1)；
连接到发动机(1)的马达(2)；
扭矩变换器(3a)；
通过扭矩变换器(3a)连接到发动机(1)或马达(2)并由发动机(1)或马达(2)驱动的驱动轮(9)；
在发动机(1)正运行时确定是否满足发动机关闭条件的装置；
在满足发动机关闭条件时关闭发动机(1)的装置；
在发动机(1)关闭时确定是否满足发动机重新启动的条件的装置；
在满足发动机重新启动条件时以马达(2)驱动该发动机(1)并确定该机车是否处于上坡的装置；
确定在以马达(2)驱动该发动机(1)的启动之后在重新启动发动机(1)之前发动机(1)的转速的增加率是否小于在机车没有处于上坡时的预定的增加率的装置；以及
当确定发动机(1)的转速的增加率低于预定的增加率时基于发动机的关闭条件禁止关闭发动机(1)的装置。
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