CN1174547A - 官能化光引发剂,由它得到的衍生物和大分子体及其应用 - Google Patents
官能化光引发剂,由它得到的衍生物和大分子体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1174547A CN1174547A CN95197513A CN95197513A CN1174547A CN 1174547 A CN1174547 A CN 1174547A CN 95197513 A CN95197513 A CN 95197513A CN 95197513 A CN95197513 A CN 95197513A CN 1174547 A CN1174547 A CN 1174547A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用有机二异氰酸酯官能化的α-氨基乙酰苯,它可用作反应性光引发剂;键合了这类能能化的α-氨基乙酰苯的低聚物和聚合物;具有不饱和的可聚合侧链的α-氨基乙酰苯;二聚体和三聚体光引发剂;这类光引发剂的用途;涂覆了这类光引发剂的材料和用该官能化的α-氨基乙酰苯改性表面的用途。
Description
本发明涉及由有机二异氰酸酯官能化的α-氨基乙酰苯,它们可用作反应性光引发剂;键合了这类官能化α-氨基乙酰苯的低聚物和聚合物;具有不饱和可聚合侧链的α-氨基乙酰苯;二聚体和三聚体光引发剂;这类光引发剂的用途;用这类光引发剂涂层的材料;以及官能化α-氨基乙酰苯改性表面的用途。
结构式(A)的α-氨基乙酰苯是已知的,例如参见EP-A-003002,其中把这类物质说成是用于辐射引发聚合烯属不饱和单体、低聚体或聚合物的杰出的光引发剂。举例来说,由于聚合物迁移产生的低分子量碎片被视为一个缺点,它可能有损其性能特性。为了避免这种缺点以及这样的单体光引发剂的其它缺点,EP-A-261941提出了在苯核处改进的光引发剂,以此方式,这种光解产物被牢固地结合到所得聚合物的结构内。为此目的,还非常一般性地提到异氰酸酯基作为官能团,后者借助于一种间隔基如直链亚烷基键合到苯核上。尽管如此由于在直链二异氰酸酯与含羟基化合物的反应中不可避免地形成二加合物或者甚至占优势,因此制备这类化合物带来了相当大的合成问题。
因此,需要官能光引发剂,它易于生产,能以高纯度获得,而且以高反应性和贮存稳定性为特征,可连接到合适的低聚物或聚合物上以生产高效大分子体光引发剂,通过光引发接枝聚合适用于改性表面、特别是塑料表面,以及还可用于生理上可接受的材料、特别是生物医学领域。已发现,通过使用包含不同活性的异氰酸酯基的二异氰酸酯用以引入异氰酸酯基并使其与在苯核上带有式(II)的合适的官能团的α-氨基乙酰苯反应以生成式(I)化合物,可实现上述目的。在上述反应中,高的区域选择性抑制了异构体和其它副产物的形成。
本发明涉及式(I)化合物(I)其中X是二价-O-,-NH-,-S-,低级亚烷基或Y是直接键或-O-(CH2)n-其中n是一个整数1-6,以及连到式(I)中邻X上的CH2端基;R是H,C1-C12烷基,C1-C12烷氧基,C1-C12烷基NH-或-NR1AR1B,其中R1A是低级烷基且R1B是H或低级烷基;R1是直链或支链低级烷基,低级链烯基或芳基低级烷基;R2与R1独立,具有R1同样定义或芳基,或R1和R2一起为-(CH2)m-,其中m是一个整数2-6;R3和R4彼此独立地是可被C1-4烷氧基取代的直链或支链低级烷基,或者芳基低级烷基或低级链烯基;或R3和R4一起为-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键,-O-,-S-或-NR1B-,以及R1B是H或低级烷基且z彼此独立地是一个2-4的整数;R5是直链或支链C3-C18亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C6-C10亚芳基,或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C7-C18芳亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C13-C24亚芳基亚烷基亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C4芳基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C3-C8-亚环烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C3-C8亚环烷基-CyH2y-或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的-CyH2y-(C3-C8-亚环烷基)-CyH2y-,其中y是一个整数1-6;以及D是异氰酸根合基。
X的一个优选定义是-O-,-NH-或-S。X的另一优选定义是低级亚烷基。更优选,X是-O-或-S-,特别是-O-。
在Y的优选定义中,下标n为1-5,更优选2-4,最佳2或3,结果Y例如是亚乙氧基或亚丙氧基。在另一优选定义中,Y是直接键,因此,X优选含有至少一个杂原子。
R基含有烷基,烷氧基,烷基NH-或-NR1AR1B,优选C1-C6,特别是C1-C4。一些例如是甲基,乙基,正-或异-丙基正-,异-或叔-丁基,戊基,己基,辛基,癸基,十二基,甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,丁氧基,N,N-二甲基氨基和N-甲基氨基。最佳,R是H。-NR1AR1B的优选定义是N,N-二甲基氨基,N-甲基氨基,N-甲基-N-乙基氨基,N-乙基氨基,N,N-二乙基氨基,N-异丙基氨基或N,N-二异丙基氨基。
R1优选烯丙基,苄基或直链C1-C4烷基,如甲基或乙基。
R2优选与R1定义的相同,更优选直链C1-C4低级烷基,特别是C1或C2的低级烷基。作为芳基的R2可以是例如萘基,特别是未取代或被低级烷基或低级烷氧基取代的苯基。当R1和R2一起是-(CH2)m-时,m优选是4或5,特别是5。
R3优选C1-C4直链低级烷基,苄基或烯丙基,更优选甲基或乙基。
R4优选直链C1-C4低级烷基,更优选甲基或乙基。
当R3和R4一起是-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-时,Y1优选直接键,-O-或-N(CH3)-,更优选-O-;z优选2或3,特别是2。
R5优选直链或支链C3-C18亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4-烷氧基-取代的C6-C10亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C13-C24亚芳基亚烷基亚芳基或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C3-C8亚环烷基,优选直链或支链C3-C11亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C2烷基-或C1-C2烷氧基-取代的C6-C10亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C2-烷基-或C1-C2烷氧基-取代的C13-C24亚芳基亚烷基亚芳基或未取代的或C1-C2烷基-或C1-C2烷氧基-取代的C3-C8亚环烷基。直链C3-C18亚烷基的一些例子是1,3-亚丙基,1,4-亚丁基,1,5-亚戊基,1,6-亚己基,1,7-亚庚基,1,8-亚辛基,1,9-亚壬基,1,10-亚癸基,1,11-亚十一基,1,12-亚十二基,1,14-亚十四基和1,18-亚十八基。
支链C3-C18亚烷基的一些例子是2,2-二甲基-1,4-亚丁基,2,2-二甲基-1,5-亚戊基,2,2,3-或2,2,4-三甲基-1,5-亚戊基,2,2-二甲基-1,6-亚己基,2,2,3-或2,2,4-或2,2,5-三甲基-1,6-亚己基,2,2-二甲基-1,7-亚庚基,2,2,3-或2,2,4-或2,2,5-或2,2,6-三甲基-1,7-亚庚基,2,2-二甲基-1,8-亚辛基,2,2,3-或2,2,4-或2,2,5-或2,2,6-或2,2,7-三甲基-1,8-亚辛基。
当R5是亚芳基时,优选亚萘基,特别是亚苯基。当亚芳基被取代时,一个取代基优选在异氰酸酯基的邻位。取代的亚芳基的例子是,1-甲基-2,4-亚苯基,1,5-二甲基-2,4-亚苯基,1-甲氧基-2,4-亚苯基和1-甲基-2,7-亚萘基。
作为芳亚烷基的R5优选是萘基亚烷基,特别是苯基亚烷基。芳亚烷基中的亚烷基优选含1-12个、特别是1-6个、尤其是1-4个碳原子。最优选,芳亚烷基中的亚烷基是亚甲基或亚乙基。一些例子是1,3-或1,4-亚苄基,萘-2-基-7-亚甲基,6-甲基-1,3-或1,4-亚苄基,6-甲氧基-1,3-或-1,4-亚苄基。
当R5是亚环己基时,优选未取代的或被甲基取代的C5-或C6-亚环己基。一些例子是1,3-亚环丁基,1,3-亚环戊基,1,3-或1,4-亚环己基,1,3-或1,4-亚环庚基,1,3-或1,4-或1,5-亚环辛基,4-甲基-1,3-亚环戊基,4-甲基-1,3-亚环己基,4,4-二甲基-1,3-亚环己基,3-甲基-或3,3-二甲基-1,4-亚环己基,3,5-二甲基-1,3-亚环己基,2,4-二甲基-1,4-亚环己基。
当R5是亚环己基-CyC2y-时,优选亚环戊基-CyC2y-,特别是未取代的或被优选1-3个C1-C4-烷基,特别是甲基取代的亚环己基-CyC2y-。在-CyC2y-基团中,y优选是一个1-4的整数。更优选,-CyC2y-基团是亚乙基,特别是亚甲基。
一些例子是环戊-1-基-3-亚甲基,3-甲基环戊-1-基-3-亚甲基,3,4-二甲基环戊-1-基-3-亚甲基,3,4,4-三甲基环戊-1-基-3-亚甲基,环己-1-基-3-或-4-亚甲基,3-或4-或5-甲基环己基-1-基-3-或-4-亚甲基,3,4-或3,5-二甲基环己-1-基-或-4-亚甲基,3,4,5-或3,4,4-或3,5,5-三甲基环己-1-基-3-或-4-亚甲基。
当R5是-CyC2y-亚环烷基-CyC2y-时,优选-CyC2y-亚环戊基-CyC2y-,特别是未取代的或被优选1-3个C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基取代的-CyC2y-亚环己基-CyC2y-。在-CyC2y-基团中,y优选是一个1-4的整数。更优选,-CyC2y-基团是亚乙基,特别是亚甲基。一些例子是环戊烷-1,3-二亚甲基,3-甲基环戊烷-1,3-二亚甲基,3,4-二甲基环戊烷-1,3-二亚甲基,3,4,4-三甲基环戊烷-1,3-二亚甲基,环己烷-1,3-或-1,4-二亚甲基,3-或4-或5-甲基环己烷-1,3-或-1,4-二亚甲基,3,4-或3,5-二甲基环己烷-1,3-或-1,4-二亚甲基,或3,4,5-或3,4,4-或3,5,5-三甲基环己烷-1,3-或-1,4-二亚甲基。
式I化合物的优选亚组包括这样的化合物,其中
R1是直链低级烷基,低级链烯基或芳基-低级烷基;
R2与R1独立,具有R1同样定义或是芳基;
R3和R4彼此独立地是可被C1-C4烷氧基取代的直链或支链低级烷基,或芳基低级烷基或低级链烯基;或者
R3和R4一起是-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键,-O-,-S-或-NR1B-,且R1B是H或低级烷基且z是一个2-4的整数;以及
R5是直链或支链C3-C18亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C6-C10亚芳基,或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C7-C18芳亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C13-C24-亚芳基亚烷基亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C3-C8-亚环烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4-烷氧基-取代的C3-C8亚环己基-CyC2y-或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的-CyC2y-(C3-C8亚环烷基)-CyC2y-,其中y是一个1-6的整数。
式I化合物的优选亚组包括这样的化合物,其中
X是二价-O-,-NH-,-S-或-(CH2)n-;
Y是直接键或-O-(CH2)n-,其中n是一个1-6的整数,且其CH2端基连到式(I)中邻X上;
R是H,C1-C12烷基或C1-C12烷氧基;
R1是直链低级烷基,低级链烯基或芳基低级烷基;
R2与R1独立,具有R1同样定义或是芳基,或
R1和R2一起是-(CH2)m-,其中m是一个2-6的整数;
R3和R4彼此独立地是可被C1-C4烷氧基取代的直链或支链低级烷基;或芳基-低级烷基或低级链烯基;或
R3和R4一起是-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键,-O-,-S-或-NR1B-,且R1B是H或低级烷基且z是一个2-4的整数;以及
R5是支链C6-C10亚烷基,亚苯基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苯基,苄基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苄基,亚环己基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基,亚环己基-CH2-或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基-CH2-。
式I化合物特别优选的亚组包括这样的化合物,其中
R1甲基,烯丙基,甲苯甲基或苄基,
R2是甲基,乙基,苄基或苯基,或
R1和R2一起是五亚甲基,
R3和R4彼此独立地是至多C4的低级烷基,或
R3和R4一起是-CH2CH2OCH2CH2-,且
R5是支链C6-C10亚烷基,亚苯基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苯基,亚苄基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苄基,亚环己基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基,亚环己基-CH2-或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基-CH2-。
R5基尤其是这样一个基团,其中OCN基或可能的话,NH2或掩蔽的NH2基的反应性被降低,这种降低主要是由在优选邻碳原子之一处的位阻或电子影响实现的。所以,R5优选是在α-位或尤其是β-位(相对于例如OCN基)支化的亚烷基,或是在至少一个α-位中定义取代的环烃基。
特别优选的化合物的一些例子是
式I化合物可按照公知方式,通过使二异氰酸酯与相应的H-酸光引发剂反应而制备。这类化合物能以高产率和纯度得到,即使活性不同的两个H-酸基(如两个OH基)同时存在于光引发剂。特别有利地是使用具有不同活性的异氰酸酯基的二异氰酸酯,因为由此可基本上抑制异构体和二加合物的形成。例如如前所述,通过位阻效应可产生不同活性。不同活性也可通过掩蔽二异氰酸酯中的一个异氰酸酯基(例如羧酸或羟胺)来实现。
本发明还涉及一种制备式(I)化合物的方法,该方法包括使式II化合物其中X,Y,R,R1,R2,R3和R4定义如上,优选在一种惰性有机溶剂中,与式III的二异氰酸酯反应或与可以被任意单掩蔽的这种二异氰酸酯反应
OCN-R5-NCO (III),其中R5如前定义。
其中两个异氰酸根合基的活性截然不同的二异氰酸酯的优选例子是例如己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯,2,2,4-三甲基己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯,1,3-双(3-异氰酸根合丙基)-四甲基二硅氧烷,四亚甲基二异氰酸酯,亚苯基-1,4-二异氰酸酯,亚甲基-2,4-二异氰酸酯,甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯,m-或p-二甲苯二异氰酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯,1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苯基砜二异氰酸酯或4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
掩蔽剂是尿烷化学已知的,例如,它们可以是酚(甲酚,二甲苯酚),内酰胺(ε-己内酰胺),肟(丙酮肟,二苯酮肟),H-活性亚甲基化合物(丙二酸二乙酯,乙酰乙酸乙酯),唑类或苯并三唑类。例如,Z.W.Wicks,Jr.在Progress in Organic Coatings,9(1981),第3-28页介绍了掩蔽剂。
式II所示类型的起始物是已知的,且在例如EP-A-284561,EP-A-117233或EP-A-088050中有说明。
合适的惰性溶剂是质子惰性的,优选极性溶剂,如烃(石油醚,甲基环己烷,苯,甲苯,二甲苯),卤代烃(氯仿,二氯甲烷,三氯乙烷,四氯乙烷,氯苯),醚(乙醚,丁醚,乙二醇二甲醚,二甘醇二甲醚,四氢呋喃(THF),二恶烷),酮(丙酮,丁酮,甲基异丁基酮),羧酸酯和内酯(乙酸乙酯,丁酰内酯,戊酰内酯),烷基化羧酸酰胺(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)),腈(乙腈),砜和亚砜(二甲亚砜(DMSO),四亚甲基砜)。优选使用极性溶剂。
反应物最好以等摩尔量使用。反应温度例如可以是0-200℃。当使用催化剂时,温度最好在-20℃-60℃,更优选-10-50℃。合适的催化剂的例子是羧酸的金属盐,例如碱金属盐,叔胺和三低级烷胺(三乙胺,三正丁胺),N-甲基吡咯烷,N-甲基吗啉,N,N-二甲基哌啶,吡啶和1,4-二氮杂双环辛烷。已发现,锡化合物特别有效,特别是羧酸的烷基锡盐,如二月桂酸二丁锡,或,例如,二辛酸锡。
如果在式I化合物中存在自由NH基,则这些基团可先通过在与二异氰酸酯反应过程中用合适的保护基加以保护,之后再除去保护基,这样的保护基是本领域专业人员已知的。例如,代表例在T.W.Greene,“Protective Groups in Qrganic Synthesis”,Wiley Interscience,1981中可见。
按照已知方法分离和纯化化合物,例如采用萃取、结晶、重结晶或层析分离纯化法。这些化合物能以高产率和纯度获得。在非最佳方法的情况下,产率可高于理论产率的85%。
式(I)化合物非常适用作烯属不饱和自由基聚合化合物的光稳定剂。在此情况下,由此得到的低聚物和聚合物带有一个、两个或多个端异氰酸酯基。本发明还涉及按照式(I)的化合物作为烯属不饱和自由基聚合化合物的光引发剂。
按照式(I)的化合物通过与在端基或侧基中含活泼氢原子(如,OH基或NH基)的官能低聚物或聚合物反应,非常适用于制备低聚合和聚合光引发剂。这些大分子光引发剂的特征在于具有良好的耐受性和很高的效率,光化学分解产物共价键合到所得聚合物中,例如作为链引发剂或中止剂,从而确保了很长的使用寿命。要提到的进一步优点是光聚合物特殊结构,由于聚合物链在作为端嵌段或侧嵌段的大分子光引发剂上生长,其结果是产生附加的有利特性。所以,通过选择低聚物或聚合物,可以以可控方式在光聚合物中确立所需特性。
本发明还涉及具有以端基(1或2个基团)或侧基(一个或多个基团),如果需要,借助桥基键合到低聚物或聚合物骨架上的活泼氢基-OH和/或-NH-的低聚物或聚合物,或具有在低聚物或聚合物骨架中键合的活泼氢-NH-基的低聚物或聚合物,其活泼氢基的氢原子被式IV基团部分或完全取代。其中R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y如前定义。
活泼氢基优选-COOH,OH-或-NH-基。
低聚物可具有例如300-10000道尔顿的平均分子量,且优选含有至少3个、更优选3-50个、特别是5-20个结构单元。众所周知,低聚物和聚合物之间的转变为不固定的,不能确切定义。聚合物可含有50-10000个、更优选50-5000个结构单元,并可具有10000-1000000、优选10000-500000的平均分子量。低聚物和聚合物也可含有至多95mol%、优选5-90mol%无活泼氢基的共聚用单体结构单元(以聚合物为基准)。
具有活泼氢基的低聚物和聚合物可以是天然的或合成的低聚物或聚合物。
天然低聚物和聚合物的例子是寡-和多-糖或其衍生物,蛋白质,糖蛋白,酶和生长因子。一些例子是环糊精,淀粉,透明质酸,脱乙酰透明质酸,聚氨基葡糖,海藻糖,纤维素二糖,麦芽三糖,麦牙六糖,壳六糖,琼脂糖,几丁质50,戊糖,葡聚糖,肝素,木聚糖,果胶,半乳聚糖,聚-半乳糖胺,葡糖氨基聚糖,葡聚糖-氨化葡聚糖,纤维素,羟烷基纤维素,羧烷基纤维素,岩藻依聚糖,硫酸软骨素,硫酸化多糖,粘多糖,明胶,玉米醇溶蛋白,胶原,清蛋白,球蛋白,胆红素,卵清蛋白,角蛋白,纤连蛋白和玻连蛋白,胃蛋白酶,胰蛋白酶和溶菌酶。
合成的低聚物和聚合物可以是含-COOH,-OH,-NH2或-NHR6基的物质,其中R6是C1-C6烷基。例如,它们可以是水解的乙烯基酯或醚的聚合物(聚乙烯醇);水解的聚二烯烃,如聚丁二烯,聚异戊二烯或聚氯丁二烯;聚丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸,以及聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯酰胺或聚甲基丙烯酰胺(在酯基或酰胺基中有羟烷基或氨烷基);具有羟烷基或氨烷基的聚硅氧烷,环氧化物或缩水甘油化合物和二醇的聚醚;乙烯基酚和烯烃共聚用单体的聚乙烯基酚或共聚物;以及选自乙烯基醇、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或含羟烷基-或氨烷基-的丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺或羟基化二烯烃中的至少一种单体与烯属不饱和单体如丙烯腈、烯烃、二烯烃、一氯乙烯、二氯乙烯、一氟乙烯、二氟乙烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基醚和乙烯基酯的共聚物;或具有端羟基或氨基烷氧基的聚氧化烯。
优选的低聚物和聚合物的例子是共有6-8个成环葡糖结构单元的环糊精,或羟烷基或氨烷基衍生物或葡糖-或麦芽糖-取代的衍生物,其中至少一个结构单元满足式(V):其中R7,R8和R9彼此独立地是H,C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基,C2-C6酰基,特别是乙酰基,C1-C4羟烷基,特别是羟甲基或2-羟-1-基,C2-C10氨烷基,特别是C2-C4氨烷基,如2-氨乙-1-基或3-氨丙-1-基或4-氨丁-1-基,
X1是-O-或-NR1B-,其中对于每个环糊精单元,总共1-10个、优选1-6个X1基可以是-NR1B-,剩下的X1基是-O-,其中R1B是氢或低级烷基;以及
R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y定义如前,以及
R10是一直接键,-(C1-C6亚烷基-O-)-或-(C2-C10亚烷基-NH)-,其中杂原子连到式(VI)中的羰基上。
在优选实施方案中,由至少一半葡糖单元到全部6-8个葡糖单元含有至少一个式(VI)基团。其中只有一个葡糖单元带有式(VI)基团也是一个优选方案。对R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y,优选定义如上。R10优选是一直接键,-CH2-O-,-CH2CH2-O-,-CH2CH2-NH-,或-CH2CH2CH2-NH-。
其它优选的低聚物和聚合物的例子是在烷基、烷氧基烷基或氨烷基端基或侧链中有OH或NH2基的低聚和聚硅氧烷,其氢原子被本发明的光引发剂取代。它们可以是无规或嵌段低聚物或无规或嵌段聚合物。更优选的那些低聚物和聚合物中,以低聚物或聚合物计,包含:
a)5-100mol%或(VII)结构单元以及
b)95-0mol%式(VIII)结构单元其中,
R11是C1-C4烷基,低级链烯基,氰基低级烷基或芳基,每个基团是未取代的或被F部分或全部取代,优选甲基,乙基,乙烯基,烯丙基,氰基丙基或三氟甲基,
R12是C2-C6亚烷基,优选1,3-亚丙基,-(CH2)z-(O-CH2-CHCH3-)z-,-(CH2)z-(O-CH2-CH2)z-或-(CH2)z-NH-(CH2)z-NH-,优选-(CH2)3-(O-CH2-CHCH3-)2-或-(CH2)3-NH-(CH2)2-NH-,其中z彼此独立地是2-4,
R14与R11的定义相同,或为-R12-X1-H或-R12-X1-R15-H,
X1是-O-或-NH-,以及
R13是式(IX)基团其中
R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y定义如前,以及
R15是一直接键或-C(O)-(CHOH)r-CH2O-基,其中r是0或一个整数1-4。
对于R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y,优选定义如上。X1优选-NH-。
优选的低聚物和聚合物硅氧烷也是式(X)化合物其中
R11是C1-C4烷基,乙烯基,烯丙基或苯基,各基团是未取代的或被F部分或完全取代,且优选为甲基,
R12是C2-C6亚烷基,优选1,3-亚丙基,
R14与R11定义相同,或为-R12-X1-H或-R12-X1-R15-H,
X1是-O-或-NH-,
s是一个整数1-1000,优选1-100,以及
R13是上式(IX)基团,其中R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y定义如前,以及
R15是一直接键或-C(O)-(CHOH)r-CH2-O-基,其中r是0或一个整数1-4。
对于R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y,优选定义如上。X1优选-NH-。
其它优选的低聚物和聚合物是基于低聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯醇的物质,其中羟基中的氢原子被式(VI)基部分或全部取代。它们可以是带有-CH2CH(OH)-结构单元的均聚物或带有其它一价或二价烯烃结构单元的共聚物。
更优选的低聚物或聚合物是这样的化合物,包含
R16是上式(VI)基团,其中R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y如前定义,且R10是一直接键,-(C1-C4亚烷基-O)-或-(C2-C10-亚烷基-NH)-;
R17是H,C1-C6烷基,-COOR20或-COOΘ,
R18是H,F,Cl,CN或C1-C6烷基,以及
R19是H,OH,R10-H,F,Cl,CN,R20-O-,C1-C12烷基,-COOΘ,-COOR20,-OCO-R20,甲基苯基或苯基,其中R20是C1-C18烷基,C5-C7环烷基,(C1-C12烷基)-C5-C7环烷基,苯基,(C1-C12烷基)苯基,苄基或(C1-C12烷基)苄基。
R17优选是H。当R17是烷基时,优选甲基或乙基。当R17是-COOR20时,R20优选是C1-C12烷基,特别是C1-C6烷基。
当R18是烷基时,优选C1-C4烷基,如,甲基,乙基,正丙基或正丁基。R18优选是H,Cl或C1-C4烷基。
当R19是R20-O-基时,R20优选是C1-C12烷基,特别是C1-C6烷基。当R19是烷基时,它优选含有1-6个、特别是1-4个碳原子。当R19是-COOR20基时,R20优选是C1-C12烷基,特别是C1-C6烷基,或环戊基或环己基。当R19是-OCO-R20基时,R20优选是C1-C12,特别是C1-C6烷基,或苯基或苄基。
在一个优选实施方案中,R17是H,R18是H,F,Cl,甲基或乙基且R19是H,OH,F,Cl,CN,C1-C4烷基,C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6羟烷氧基,-COO-C1-C6烷基,-OOC-C1-C6烷基或苯基。
特别优选的低聚物和聚合物中,R17是H,R18是H或甲基,且R19是H,OH,CN,甲基,OCH3,O(CH2)tOH或-COOCH3,且t是一个整数2-6。
低聚物和聚合物的另一优选基团包含部分或全部羟烷基化的低聚-或聚-丙烯酸酯或-甲基丙烯酸酯,或-丙烯酰胺或-甲基丙烯酰胺,其中伯羟基或氨基分别被上式(IX)基取代。它们可包括例如5-100mol%式(XIII)的结构单元和95-0mol%式(XIV)结构单元其中
R21是H或甲基,
X2和X3彼此独立地是-O-或-NH-,
R22是-(CH2)c-,和c是2-12、优选2-6的一个整数,
R23是式(IX)基,
R17和R18定义如前,以及
R24与R19的定义相同,或为-C(O)X2X22X3H。
对于R23,R17,R18和R19,优选定义如前。对于X2和X3,优选定义如前。
其它优选的低聚物和聚合物是由聚烯化氧构成的物质,其中端基OH或-NH2的H原子被式(IX)基部分或全部取代。例如,它们可以是具有相同或不同结构重复单元-〔CH2CH(R26)-O〕-的式(XV)化合物其中
R25是R28-X4-基或是C1-C20醇或多醇的v-价基团
R26是H,C1-C8烷基,优选C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基,
R27与X4一起是一直接键或
R27是C2-C6亚烷基,优选C3-C6亚烷基,特别是1,3-亚丙基,
X4是-O-或-NH-,
R28是式(IX)基,
u彼此独立地是3-10000、优选5-5000、特别是5-1000、尤其是5-100的一个数值,以及
v是一个整数1-6,优选1-4。
R25可以是醇或多醇的一-或四-价基团。当R25是醇基时,R25优选是直链或支链C3-C20-烷基或-链烯基,C3-C8-,特别是C5-C6环烷基,-CH2-(C5-C6环烷基),C6-C10芳基,特别是苯基和萘基,C7-C16芳烷基,特别是苄基和1-苯基乙-2-基。环或芳基可以被C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代。
当R25是二醇基时,R25优选是支链,特别是直链C3-C20-亚烷基或亚链烯基,更优选C3-C12亚烷基,C3-C8-、特别是C5-C6-亚环烷基,-CH2-(C5-C6环烷基)-,CH2-(C5-C6环烷基)-CH2-,C7-C16芳亚烷基、特别是亚苄基,-CH2-(C6-C10芳基)-CH2-,特别是亚二甲苯基。环或芳基可以被C1-C12烷基或C1-C12烷氧基取代。
当R25是三价基团时,它衍生于脂族或芳族三醇。R25优选是C3-C12三价脂族基团,特别是由优选具有伯羟基的三醇衍生的基团。最佳,R25是-CH2(CH-)CH2-,HC(CH2-)3或CH3C(CH2-)3。
当R25是三价基团时,它优选衍生于脂族醇。R25在此情况下优选为C(CH2-)4。
优选,R25是由Jeffamins(Texaco),Pluriol,Poloxamer(BASF)或聚(四氢呋喃)衍生的基团。
对于R28,优选定义如前。特别优选各具有式-〔CH2CH2-O〕-或-〔CH2CH(CH3)-O〕-的结构单元的均低聚物和均聚物以及嵌段低聚物和嵌段聚合物。
满足式(XVI)的氟化多醚也是合适的其中
R27,R28,X4,u和v定义如前,
R25定义如前,或为一价部分氟化或全氟化C1-C20、优选C1-C12、特别是C1-C6醇基,或为二价部分氟化或全氟化C2-C6、优选C2-C4、特别是C2或C3二醇基,以及
Rd是F或C1-C12、优选C1-C6、特别是C1-C4全氟烷基。
Rd特别是-CF3。
其它合适的低聚物和聚合物的例子是聚胺,例如聚乙烯基胺,或聚亚乙基亚胺,其中NH基的H原子被式(VI)基团取代,包括已提到的优选定义在内。聚ε-赖氨酸也是合适的。
本发明的低聚物可被简单地并以公知方式,通过使式(I)化合物与HO-或NH-官能低聚物和聚合物反应而制备。
本发明式(I)的光引发剂也可用于制备具有烯属不饱和基团的可聚合光引发剂,方法是使式(I)化合物与OH-或NH-官能的烯属不饱和化合物反应。该反应是本领域专业人员已知的,为此不做更详细地说明。OH-和NH-官能的烯属不饱和化合物的例子是(羟烷基)-或(氨烷基)-丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸酯或酰胺。
X,Y,R,R1,R2,R3,R4和R5定义如前,包括优选定义在内,以及
R29是C2-C12自由基聚合烃或式(XVIII)基团其中
R30是H或甲基,
R31是支链,或优选直链C1-C12亚烷基,低级亚烷基亚芳基或亚芳基低级亚烷基,或当w=0时,R31可以是一键,
w是0或1,以及
X5和X6彼此独立地是-O-或-NH-。
R31优选是C2-C6亚烷基,例如亚乙基,1,3-亚丙基,1,4-亚丁基,1,5-亚戊基和1,6-亚己基。
当R29是乙烯属自由基聚合烃时,其例子是链烯基、乙烯基苯基或乙烯基苄基作为优选C2-C12自由基聚合基团。链烯基的例子是乙烯基,烯丙基,1-丙烯-2-基,1-丁烯-2-或-3-或-4-基,2-丁烯-3-基,以及戊烯基、己烯基、辛烯基、癸烯基、十一碳烯基和十二碳烯基的异构体。R29优选含有C2-C12、特别是C2-C8。在优选定义中,在本发明的范围内,R29是C2-C4链烯基。
式(I)或(XVII)化合物非常适用作辐射诱发聚合烯属不饱和化合物的引发剂。在该方法中,按照式(XVII)的化合物借助于不饱和基团和/或借助于形成的自由基以其整体或碎块形式掺入聚合物中。本发明的低聚物和聚合物也非常适用作引发剂,它可以形成接枝聚合物,或者取决于在大分子引发剂中引发剂基含量,也可以形成互穿和未连接或仅部分互连的聚合物网。
本发明还涉及式(XIX)的二聚光引发剂其中
E2是-X1-(CH2)m-X1-且各X1彼此独立是-O-或-NH-且m是一个2-6的整数,
q是0或1,
D1是-NHCO-,以及
X,Y,R,R1,R2,R3,R4和R5如前定义,包括优选定义在内。
在优选实施方案中,X1要么是-O-,要么是-NH-。在较佳实施方案中,X1是-O-且D1是-NHCO-,D1的羰基连到E2上。在更佳实施方案中,X1是-O-,q是0且D1是-NHCO-,D1的羰基连到E2上。
本发明还涉及式(XXI)的三聚光引发剂
{R33-E3-}3-T (XXI),其中
X,Y,R,R1,R2,R3,R4和R5如前定义,包括优选定义在内,
q彼此独立地是0或1
D2是-NHCO-,-CONH-或-NHCONH-,
E3是低级亚烷基,以及
T是三价有机或无机基团。
在优选实施方案中,E3是六亚甲基,每个q是0且T是三价有机基团,更优选是少于3个酸氢原子的三聚氰酸。
在本发明的范围内,前面和后面除非另外注明,亚芳基优选是未取代的或被代级烷基或低级烷氧基取代的亚苯基或亚萘基,特别是1,3-亚苯基,1,4-亚苯基或甲基-1,4-亚苯基,或1,5-亚萘基或1,8-亚萘基。
在本发明范围内,芳基具有至多24个、优选至多18个碳原子,且是被低级烷基或低级烷氧基取代或未取代的碳环芳族化合物。例子是苯基,甲苯基,二甲苯基,甲氧苯基,叔丁氧苯基,萘基或菲基。
在本发明的范围内,除非另外注明,有关基团和化合物中所用的术语“低级”尤其是指具有至多8个碳原子、优选至多6个碳原子的基团或化合物。
低级烷基特别是具有至多8个碳原子、优选至多6个碳原子,其例子是甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,叔丁基,戊基,己基或异己基。
低级链烯基是C2-C8、优选C2-C6、特别是C2-C4直链或支链链烯基。链烯基的例子是乙烯基,烯丙基,1-丙烯-2-基,1-丁烯-2-或-3-或-4-基,2-丁烯-3-基,以及戊烯基、己烯基或辛烯基的异构体。
除非另外注明,亚烷基具有至多10个碳原子,且可以是直链或支链的。合适的例子有亚癸基,亚辛基,亚己基,亚戊基,亚丁基,亚丙基,亚己基,亚甲基,2-亚丙基,2-亚丁基或3-亚戊基。亚烷基优选低级亚烷基。
低级亚烷基是至多C8、特别是至多C6的亚烷基。低级亚烷基特别优选的定义是亚甲基或亚乙基。
亚烷基亚芳基或亚芳基亚烷基的亚芳基单元优选是未取代的或被低级烷基或低级烷氧基取代的亚苯基;其亚烷基单元优选低级亚烷基,如亚甲基或亚乙基,特别是亚甲基。所以,这类基团优选是亚苯基亚甲基或亚甲基亚苯基。
低级烷氧基特别具有至多C8,优选至多C6,且其例子是甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,丁氧基,叔丁氧基或己氧基。
在本发明范围内,芳基低级烷基具有至多30个、优选至多24个、特别是至多18个碳原子,且是被芳基取代的低级烷基、芳基低级烷基的例子是苄基,二甲苯甲基,甲苯甲基,苯基丁基,叔丁氧苯基甲基,萘丙基,甲氧苯基甲基或苯己基。
本发明进一步涉及辐射敏感的组合物,它包含:
a)至少一种烯属不饱和光聚合或光交联化合物(以下称作射敏有机物)以及
b)有效引发剂量的至少一种式(I),(XVII),(XIX)或(XXI)的化合物或具有式(IV)结构单元的低聚物或聚合物。
以组分a)计,式b)化合物的含量为0.001-70wt%、特别是0.001-50wt%,尤其是0.01-40wt%,更特别是0.01-20wt%。该量主要取决于引发剂中键接的光活性基团;含量越少,则所选要加入的量就越大。
烯属不饱和光交联化合物以及光结构化物质是已知的。例如,G.E.Green等人在J.Macromol.Sci.;Revs.Macromol.和Chem.,C21(2),187-273(1981-1982)和G.A.Delzenne在Adv.Photochem.,11,pp 1-103(1979)中已说明了这类物质。
辐射敏感的有机物质优选是具有光聚合烯属不饱和基、特别是非挥发性或不易挥发的这种物质的单体的低聚合或聚合物。
例如,光聚合化合物是醇和多醇的丙烯酸、特别是甲基丙烯酸酯,或胺和多胺的丙烯酸、特别是甲基丙烯酸酰胺,例如C1-C18烷醇,乙二醇,丙二醇,丁二醇,己二醇,二(羟甲基)环己烷,聚氧亚烷基二醇,如二-,三-或四-乙二醇,二-或三-1,2-丙二醇,三羟甲基-甲烷,-乙烷或-丙烷和季戊四醇,C1-C18烷胺,乙二胺,二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基四胺,它们可单独使用,或与粘合剂的混合物或掺合物的形式使用,具有键合到侧基或端羟基(C2-C12烷基)或氨基(C2-C12烷基)上的丙烯酸、特别是甲基丙烯酸酯基的单-、低聚-和聚-硅氧烷也是合适的,例如1-三甲基甲硅烷基-3-甲基丙烯酰氧丙烷,1-五甲基二硅氧烷基 3-丙烯酰氧丙烷和3-〔三(三甲基硅氧基)甲硅烷基〕-丙基甲基丙烯酸酯。全氟烷基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯也是合适的。
光聚合物化合物可包含常用于处理和应用的其它添加剂,除此之外,还包含常用的光引发剂或光敏剂。
在存在或不存在溶剂下靠辐射的作用、优选UV辐射下进行光聚合,可以使用已知的辐射源,如汞汽灯。如果使用溶剂,它们优选是上述例子已提到的惰性溶剂。
式(I)化合物也可粘合到含活泼氢的-COOH、HO-、HS-或-NH-基的无机或有机材料的表面(以下称作基材)。为此,合适的方法是已知的,例如浸涂、喷涂、刷涂、刀涂、浇注、辊涂,特别是旋涂或真空汽相淀积法。式(I)化合物通过与异氰酸酯基反应牢固地固定到表面上。该反应例如在升温下,例如在0℃-100℃、优选室温下进行。反应之后,例如用溶剂除去过量化合物。可将光聚合化合物涂到改性表面上,然后靠辐射作用聚合并借助于光引发剂接枝聚合牢固粘合到基材上。在该方法中,须状或刷状聚合物结构在基材表面上形成,它能基本上防止在生化介质中令人生厌地形成不可逆转的沉积物,如蛋白质、类脂或盐(膜沾污,石灰沉积物)。
合适的基材的例子是玻璃类、硅酸盐矿(硅胶),金属氧化物,特别是天然或合成的塑料,它们大多是已知的。
塑料的一些例子是加聚和缩聚塑料(聚氨酯,环氧树脂,聚醚,聚酯,聚酰胺,聚酰亚胺);乙烯基聚合物(聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚苯乙烯,聚乙烯及其卤代衍生物,聚乙烯醇(PVA),聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚丙烯腈);弹性体,如硅氧烷,聚丁二烯或聚异戊二烯,或与聚硅氧烷交联的聚丁二烯,其中乙烯基单体可任选地接枝聚合,未改性或改性的生物聚合物(胶原,纤维素,脱乙酰壳多糖以及前面提到的生物聚合物)。当基材含有太少的官能团或不含官能团时,可以利用公知方法,如等离子法或氧化或水解法改性基材的表面,并产生官能团,如-OH,-NH2或-CO2H。
本发明还涉及构成如下的材料:(a)无机或优选有机基材,上面(b)粘合了至少一种式(I)化合物作为光引发剂,它一方面通过O原子、S原子、HN-C1-C6-烷基或NH基,另一方面通过光引发剂的异氰酸酯基牢固地粘合到基材上,以及,任选地,(c)光引发剂层上的聚合物薄层,该聚合物通过将光聚合烯属不饱和物质的薄层施涂于具有光引发剂基的基材表面,并通过辐射、优选UV辐射聚合烯属不饱和物质层而获得。
所述材料优选是生物医学材料,特别是由透明有机基材构成的眼科用模塑制品,如接触透镜(contact lens)或隐形眼镜,特别是接触透镜。
烯属不饱和物质的层厚主要取决于所需特性。它可以是0.001μm-1000μm,优选0.01μm-500μm,更优选0.1-100μm,特别是0.5-50μm,最佳1-20μm。具体地说,为生产接触透镜,需要层厚0.01-50μm,优选0.05-20μm,特别是0.1-5μm。可按照前述涂覆方法生产诸层。
烯属不饱和物质可以是作为光聚合化合物的前述化合物。其它合适的烯属不饱和化合物是非挥发物取代的聚烯烃,特别是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸及其酯和酰胺,例如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸C1-C12烷基酯或寡氧代亚烷基酯或C1-C12羟烷基酯或酰胺(甲基丙烯酸2,3-二羟丙基酯,N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺,丙烯酰胺,甲基丙烯酸N,N-二乙氨基乙基酯,寡环氧乙烷的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯,2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),由1-2摩尔当量甲基丙烯酸(PEG(1000)MA)衍生的聚乙二醇,以及N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
本发明还涉及一种改性含活泼氢的HO-、HS-、HN-C1-C6烷基或-NH2-基的有机或无机基材表面的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)向该基材上施涂至少一种式(I)化合物的光引发剂薄层,若合适的话,连同一种催化剂如二月桂酸二丁锡一起施涂,
b)若合适的话,加热涂覆过的材料并洗掉过量的光引发剂,
c)向具有所述光引发剂的基材表面上施涂光聚合烯属不饱和物质的薄层,以及
d)优选用UV射线辐照含烯属不饱和物质层。
在聚合之后,例如用合适的溶剂处理除去可能形成的任何非共价键合的聚合物。
采用本发明的方法,能以多种方式改性表面并对于不同用途提供具体特性。根据所选的烯属不饱和物质,可以控制方式例如改进机械特性,例如表面硬度、耐擦伤性、湿润性、耐摩性、书写性、着色性、和各种金属、陶瓷或聚合物的覆盖件和涂层的附着强度、滑动性、液膜稳定性,抗不希望的沉积物性以及微生物克隆作用,和物理特性,如摩擦系数、透气性、透液性以及溶解的低到高分子量无机或有机物质的透过性,以及透明性,聚合物层特别强的附着性具有特殊优点。
本发明的光引发剂和用光引发剂改性的物质的特征在于高的化学和光化学活性。它们可用于形成用作涂料的光活性材料,光结构化材料,用于复合材料、特别是用作生物医学应用的材料,例如接触透镜和外科材料。这些材料特别适用于通过接枝聚合形成须状结构(刷结构)来生产接触透镜上的亲水和生物相容性表面。就所需特性而言,所述须状结构是特别有利的。
尤其重要的是高温性和水分的稳定膜在表面上的持久性(如,泪液膜在接触透镜表面上)。另外,生理系统行为的改进也很重要,例如改进的生物相容性、抗生物侵蚀性、防止蚀斑形成和生物淤积,无血液凝固或毒性或过敏性反应。
本发明改性的材料特别适用于生产接触透镜。就接触透镜而言,以下特性的改进尤其重要:高湿润性(小接触角),高抗扯强度,良好的润滑作用,高耐磨性、没有或仅有可忽略不计的酶降解,来自泪液(蛋白质类脂,盐,细胞降解产物)的组分无沉淀,对化妆品、挥发性化学品如溶剂、斑渍和灰尘无亲合性,无微生物附着或做窝,以及透镜在眼上移动的滑动性。
按照本发明改性的材料适用于制造人造血容器以及假体、外科和诊断的生化材料,尤其有利的是内皮细胞可以在这些材料上生长。
本发明还涉及一种接触透镜,它包括(a)具有官能团、特别是羟基、巯基、氨基或羧基的一种透明有机基材,以及(b)该表面上的一薄层,后者是由优选由(b1)至少一种式(I)的光引发剂和(b2)一种由光共聚合烯烃形成的接枝聚合物衍生的诸组分构成。
本发明还涉及一种接触透镜,它包括(a)具有官能团、特别是羟基、巯基、氨基或羧基的一种透明有机基材,以及(b)该表面上的一薄层,后者是由优选由借助于异氰酸酯基键接到基材官能团上的至少一种式(I)光引发剂衍生的诸成分构成。
合适的基材(a)的例子是未改性或改性的天然聚合物,例如胶原、聚氨基葡糖、透明质酸和纤维素酯,如乙酸纤维素或丁酸纤维素。合适的基材的例子是未改性的或改性的合成聚合物,如聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甘油酯和以这些聚合物为基础的共聚物。天然和合成聚合物也是合适的,例如具有硅氧烷、全氟烷基和/或烷基丙烯酸酯结构单元,其中官能团是由合适的方法,如等离子处理、侵蚀或氧化而产生的。
上述接枝聚合物(b2)的合适的烯烃的例子是丙烯酰胺,N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺,甲基丙烯酰胺,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,甲基丙烯酸甘油酯,寡环氧乙烷一-和二-丙烯酸酯,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,亚甲基二丙烯酰胺,乙烯基己内酰胺,丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,富马酸一乙烯酯,三氟乙酸乙烯酯和碳酸亚乙烯基酯,如果需要,活性酯可以随后被水解。
在特定情况下,使用两种或多种本发明光引发剂的混合物比较有利。当然,也可以使用公知光引发剂的混合物,例如二苯酮、乙酰苯衍生物、苄醚或苄缩酮的混合物。
为加速光聚合,可以加入胺,如三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、对二甲基氨基苯甲酸乙醚或Michler酮。胺的作用可通过加入二苯酮类芳酮得到强化。
也可通过加入光敏化剂加速光聚合,它可使光谱敏感度偏移或加宽。这些光敏化剂尤其是芳族羰基化合物,如二苯酮、噻吨酮、蒽酮和3-酰基香豆素的衍生物,以及3-(芳酰基亚甲基)噻唑啉。
本发明的光引发剂的效果可通过加入具有氟有机基团的二茂钛衍生物而提高,参见EP-A-122,223和EP-A-186,626,例如,加入量为1-20%。这种二茂铁的例子是双(甲基环戊二烯基)-双(2,3,6-三氟苯基)钛,双(环戊二烯基)-双(4-二丁氨基-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)钛,双(甲基环戊二烯基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基异氰酸钛,双(环戊二烯基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基三氟乙酸钛或双(甲基环戊二烯基)-双(4-癸氧基-2,3,5,6-三氟苯基)钛。液体α-氨基酮特别适合这些混合物。
除了光引发剂之外,光聚合混合物还可含有各种添加剂。后者的例子是热抑制剂,它们旨在防止过早聚合,例如氢醌或位阻酚。为了提高暗贮稳定性,可以使用例如铜化合物,磷化合物,季铵化合物或羟胺衍生物。为了排除聚合过程中的氧气氛,可以加入石蜡或类似蜡物质,这类物质在聚合开始时迁移到表面上。就光保护剂而言,可以少量加入UV吸收剂,例如苯并三唑、二苯酮或N,N’-草酰二苯胺类物质。更优选加入不吸收UV光的光保护剂,例如位阻胺(HALS)。
本发明的光引发剂可用于各种其它目的。其用于非着色、着色或有色系统很重要,例如用于印刷油墨、照相复制工艺、图像记录工艺以及释放模的生产。
另一重要的应用领域包括涂料组合物,后者可是着色或非着色的。这类混合物特别适用于白油漆,它可理解为TiO2-着色的涂料组合物。其它应用领域是光刻胶的辐射固化、无银膜的光交联和印刷板的生产。另一用途是室外用漆,其表面随后在日光中固化。
光引发剂最好用于所提到的这些应用,以光聚合组合物的重量计,其用量为0.1-20wt%、优选约0.5-5wt%。
这种聚合是按照光聚合的已知方法,用短波长射线光照进行的。合适的光源的例子是汞中压、高压和低压辐射器、超光化荧光灯、金属卤灯或激光,其发射畸峰在250-450nm范围。在与光敏化剂或二茂铁衍生物结合的情况下,也可以使用较长波长光或高达600nm的激光束。
按照本发明,式I,XVII,XIX或XXI的化合物或具有式IV结构单元的低聚物或聚合物可作为光引发剂用于光聚合烯属不饱和化合物和含有这类化合物的混合物。不饱和化合物可含有一个或多个烯烃双键。它们可以是低分子量(单体)或高分子量(低聚体)。具有一个双键的单体的例子是丙烯酸-或甲基丙烯酸-烷基酯或羟烷基酯,例如丙烯酸-甲酯、乙酯、丁酯、2-乙基己酯或2-羟基乙酯,丙烯酸异冰片基酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯或乙酯。这些化合物的其它例子是丙烯腈,丙烯酰胺,甲基丙烯酰胺、N-取代(甲基)丙烯酰胺,乙烯基酯,如乙酸乙烯酯,乙烯基醚,如异丁基乙烯基醚,苯乙烯,烷基和卤代-苯乙烯,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,乙烯基氯或二氯乙烯。
具有一个以上双键的单体的例子是二丙烯酸乙二醇酯,二丙烯酸丙二醇酯,二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯,二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯或双酚-A二丙烯酸酯,4,4’-双(2-丙烯酰氧乙氧基)二苯基丙烷,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯或四丙烯酸酯,丙烯酸乙烯基酯,二乙烯基苯,琥珀酸二乙烯基酯,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,磷酸三烯丙酯,异氰脲酸三烯丙酯或异氰脲酸三(2-丙烯酰氧乙基)酯。
高分子量(低聚体)聚不饱和化合物的例子是丙烯酸化环氧树脂,丙烯酸化聚醚,丙烯酸化聚氨酯或丙烯酸化聚酯。不饱和低聚体的其它例子是不饱和聚酯树脂,它们通常是由马来酸、邻苯二甲酸和一种或多种二醇制成并具有约500-3000的分子量。这类不饱和低聚物也可以称作预聚物。
常用的是预聚物与聚不饱和单体的双组分混合物或除此之外还含有单不饱和单体的三组分混合物。在此情况下,这种预聚物主要决定着涂膜特性。通过将其改变,本领域专业人员可影响固化膜的特性。这种不饱和单体起着交联剂的作用,使得涂膜不溶。单不饱和单体用作活性稀释剂,据此,可降低粘度而不必使用溶剂。
这种基于预聚物的双组分和三组分系统被用于印刷油墨和表面涂料,光刻胶或其它光固化组合物。基于光固化预聚物的单组分系统也被广泛地用于印刷油墨的粘合剂。
不饱和聚酯树脂多与单不饱和单体(优选苯乙烯)一起用于双组分系统。对于光刻胶,常使用特定的单组分系统,如聚马来酰亚胺、聚查耳酮或聚酰亚胺(参加DE-OS2308830)。
不饱和化合物也可以非光聚合成膜组分的混合物使用。例如,它们可以是物理干燥的聚合物或其在有机溶剂(如硝基纤维素或乙酰丁酸纤维素)中的溶剂。不过,它们也可以是化学或热固化树脂,如聚异氰酸酯,聚环氧化物或马来胺树脂。热固化树脂的伴生用途对用于所谓混合系统是很重要的,所述混合系统经第一步光聚合,第二步热后处理而交联。
以下实施例旨在更详细地说明本发明;它们并不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。除非另外注明,温度指摄氏度。
实施例A1
按照EP-A-284561介绍的合成方法制备标题化合物。
实施例A2
2-乙基-2-二甲氨基-1-(4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯基)-戊-4-烯-1-酮
按照实施例A1类似地定量制备标题化合物。得到m.p.80-82℃的黄色晶体。
实施例A3
2-乙基-2-二甲氨基-1-(4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯基)戊-1-酮
32.6g(0.11mol)按照实施例A2的2-乙基-2-二甲氨基-1-(4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯基)-戊-4-烯-1-酮溶于220ml乙酸乙酯中,加入1.6克披钯碳(5%),然后在30℃常压下氢化。约3小时后,氢气的吸附停止(2.58升,103%理论量)。滤除催化剂,使用旋转蒸发器(RE)蒸除溶剂。用快速色谱法纯化油状残余物(石油醚/乙酸乙酯2∶1)。得到27.4g(84%)微黄色油。
实施例A4
1-(4-(2-羟乙硫基)苯基)-2-甲基-2-吗啉代-丙-1-酮
按照EP-A-088050介绍的方法制备标题化合物。
实施例A5
类似于实施例A4制备标题化合物。
实施例A6
二聚体光引发剂的制备
在一个配有回流冷凝器、温度计、搅拌器和氮气入口管的250ml烧瓶中,将5.8g(20mmol)2-乙基-2-二甲氨基-1-(4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯基)戊-4-烯-1-酮(取自实施例A2)和2.2g二异氰酸异佛尔酮酯(IPDI)溶于100ml无水二氯甲烷。加入0.6g(1mmol)二月桂酸二丁锡(DBTDL)催化剂,并将批料于室温(RT)搅拌26小时。用薄层色谱(TLC)(硅胶TLC板,洗脱剂石油醚/乙酸乙酯1∶2)监测反应的进程。然后,将反应液搅拌入水中,分离出有机相,并用水洗涤两次以上。用硫酸镁干燥有机相,并用RE浓缩。剩下的残余物用快速色谱法(石油醚/乙酸乙酯1∶1)纯化。得到6.3g(78%)黄色粘油。燃烧分析得到以下数值。
C46H68O8N4(805.07)
理论值C68.63 H8.51 N6.96%
实测值C68.31 H8.64 N6.98%
实施例A7,A8,A9和A10
类似于实施例A6,通过使2当量实施例A1,A3,A4和A5和1当量IPDI反应分别制备以下二聚体光引发剂。用质子NMR验证所有结构。
实施例 R 软化范围
A7
62-72℃
A8
64-70℃
实施例A11
制备:
在一个配有回流冷凝器、温度计、搅拌器和氮气入口管的250ml烧瓶中,将8.8g(30mmol)2-乙基-2-二甲氨基-1-(4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基)-戊-1-酮(取自实施例A3)和3.15g(15mmol)2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(2,2,4-TMDI)溶于100ml无水二氯甲烷。加入0.95g(1.5mmol)DBTDL催化剂,批料回流搅拌14小时。用红外光谱(异氰酸酯基的红外谱带在2250cm-1消失)监测反应的进程。将反应液冷却至室温,并搅抖入水中。分出有机相,水洗两遍以上。有机相用硫酸镁干燥,并用RE浓缩。剩下的残余物用快速色谱法(石油醚/乙酸乙酯2∶1)纯化。得到7.3g(61%)粘油。用质子NMR验证结构。
实施例A12
实施例A13
类似于实施例A11,通过使2当量实施例A4的光引发剂与1当量1,6-亚己基二异氰酸酯在二氯甲烷中反应并与另加的0.1当量DBTDL反应,制备以下化合物:得到浅黄色树脂,产率98%。
实施例A14
实施例A16
类似于实施例A11,通过使3当量实施例A1的光引发剂与Desmodur3390在二氯甲烷中反应,并与另加的0.1当量DBTDL反应,制备以下化合物:得到浅黄色树脂
实施例A17
制备以下化合物:
在一个配有回流冷凝器、温度计、搅拌器和氮气引入管的100ml烧瓶中,将2.92g(10mmol)2-乙基-2-二甲氨基-1-(4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基)戊-4-烯-1-酮(取自实施例A2)溶于30ml无水二氯甲烷,并将溶液与2.22g(10mmol)溶于30ml无水二氯甲烷中的IPDI混合。加入2.0mg催化剂DBTDL,于室温搅拌72小时。用TLC(洗脱剂甲苯/丙酮6∶1)监测以应的进程。然后,将反应液搅拌入水中。分出有机相,并水洗两遍以上。有机相用与水硫酸镁干燥并用RE浓缩。剩下的残余物用柱色谱法(甲苯/丙酮6∶1)纯化。得到3.4g(66%)黄色油。用质子NMR,IR和元素分析法验证结构。
实施例A18
类似于实施例A17,用DBTDL作为催化剂,在二氯甲烷中由1.17g(4mmol)1-(4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯基)-2-甲基-2-吗啉代-丙
1-酮(取自实施例A5)和0.7g(4mmol)2,4-TDI制备以下异氰酸酯。50ml乙醚和200ml石油醚加入到RM中之后,目的化合物以结晶形式沉淀出。将其滤出、用石油醚洗涤,然后真空干燥,得到以下化合物,其m.p.97-102℃。
实施例A19,A20和A21
类似于实施例A17,制备以下化合物:其中R是以下基团:
实施例A22
类似于实施例A17,制备以下化合物:
实施例A23
类似于实施例A17,使用DBTDL作为催化剂在二氯甲烷中由5.1g(29.3mmol)2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和10g(29.3mmol)2-二甲氨基-2-苄基-1-(4-(2-羟乙氧基)苯基)-丁-1-酮(取自实施例A1)制备以下异氰酸酯。RM用500ml乙醚和2升石油醚稀释,由此产物沉淀出。将它滤出,用乙醚/石油醚洗涤和真空干燥。得到米色粉末,其软化范围为99-103℃。
实施例B1
0.7g(1.3mmol)实施例A17的异氰酸酯,20ml无水二氯甲烷和2.55g(0.51m Val NH2/g)氨烷基聚硅氧烷KF8003(Shin Etsu,日本)按照实施例A17置于设备中。反应混合物于室温搅拌2小时,于40℃搅拌20分钟。然后用RE除去溶剂。在高真空(40℃,0.001mbar(0.1Pa))下,将残余物除去残留溶剂。定量得到标题化合物。在红外光谱中不存在OCN谱带。
实施例B2
类似于实施例B1,由0.76g(1.3mmol)实施例A21的异氰酸酯和2.55g(0.51m Val NH2/g)氨烷基聚硅氧烷KF 8003(Shin Etsu,日本)制备具有实施例B1结构的低聚体光引发剂,其中R定义如下:
实施例B3
类似于实施例B1,由0.55g(0.97mmol)实施例A20的异氰酸酯和1.47g(0.7mVal NH2/g)氨烷基聚硅氧烷X-22-161B(Shin Etsu,日本)制备具有以下结构的低聚体光引发剂。其中x约38,且R与实施例A20的标题化合物基团一致,而不是异氰酸酮。
实施例B4
类似于实施例B1,使1.0g(1.95mmol)实施例A17的异氰酸酯的20ml无水乙腈溶液与2.24g(0.84m Val NH2/g)Jeffamin ED 2001(Texaco USA)在30ml无水乙腈中混合,并将混合物于室温搅拌24小时。处理之后,得到3.2g(99%)以下光引发剂:R-NHCONH-CHCH3CH2-(OCHCH3CH2)a-(OCH2CH2)b-(OCHCH3CH2)c-NHCONH-R其中a+c=2,5,b=40.5,R与实施例A17的标题化合物基团一致,而不是异氰酸酯基。
实施例B5
在按照实施例A17的设备中,在80℃氮气下,将1.65g聚乙烯醇(PVA)(Serva03/20,分子量约13000)溶于无水NMP。然后,将溶液冷却到室温,加入1.0g(1.88mmol)实施例A19的异氰酸酯的10ml无水NMP溶液,和5mg DBTDL催化剂。然后,将混合物于40℃加热48小时。此时之后,红外光谱在2250cm-1处检测不出OCN。将RM冷却到室温并加入700ml乙醚,产物沉淀出。过滤之后,用乙醚洗涤,然后高真空干燥,得到1.9g白色产物,按照元素分析法,它包含2.20%S。质子NMR与以下结构一致:
-[(CH2-CHOH)a-(CH2-CHOCONHR)b]n-其中n约为10,a∶b=20∶1,且R与实施例A19的标题化合物基团一致,而不是异氰酸酯。
实施例B6,B7和B8
类似于实施例B5,使这两种羟烷基取代的聚二甲基硅氧烷(KF-6002/KF-6001)和一种葡聚糖与实施例A19的异氰酸酯反应。以下参数说明了这些化合物。在所有情况下,产率约90%。通过燃烧分析测定这些化合物的硫含量(表的最后一列)。实施例A19的 OH-大单体 溶剂 硫含量(%)异氰酸酯
理论值/实测值0.5g KF-6002,Shin-Etsu,JP THF 1.50/1.38(0.94mmol) 1.5g(0.63 Val OH/g)0.5g KF-6001,Shin-Etsu,JP 2.22/2.08(0.94mmol) 0.85g(1.1mVal OH/g)THF0.5g Dextran 8,Serva G DMSO 1.08/0.99(0.94mmol) 23g,MW=8-12000
实施例B9
类似于实施例B5,将3.23g胶原(Serva 17440,MW=80000)溶于DMSO,历时12小时,然后加入于10ml DMSO中的1.0g(1.9mmol)实施例A20的异氰酸酯于室温搅拌反应混合物72小时,用500ml甲醇将它稀释,此时产物沉淀出。滤出产物,用无水THF重复洗涤。然后在高真空(0.1Pa,72小时)干燥,其IR谱和质子NMR与预期结构一致。
聚合物膜和接触透镜的生产
实施例C1
将5g聚(1,2-间同)-丁二烯(PB)(Polysciences Inc.,Catalogue No.16317,MW≈10000)于40℃溶于100ml THF。然后,将溶液冷却到室温,并倒在Folanorm片(Folex,Zurich,瑞士)上形成厚约0.5mm的PB液膜。在室温氮气下缓慢蒸发THF。然后,用乙醇萃取剩下的聚丁二烯膜并干燥直至其重量恒定。
实施例C2
在氮气下,于40℃,将2.2g PB溶于50ml甲基环己烷。加入2g H-硅氧烷(Experimental Product K-3272,Goldschmidt,德国)的5ml甲基环己烷溶液,并搅拌5分钟。然后,将该溶液用氮气排气30分钟。然后向该溶液中加3滴溶于1ml甲基环己烷中的二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷合铂催化剂(ABCR,PC072),然后在搅拌下于50℃加热3分钟。将该混合物放置在两块玻璃板之间形成厚约1.5mm的液膜。夹层系统再于60℃氮气下加热16小时。将它冷却到室温,除掉玻璃板,交联的聚丁二烯膜用THF萃取。萃取之后,干燥交联的聚丁二烯膜,直至其重量恒定。
实施例C3
将5.35g(1mmol)含乙烯基聚硅氧烷(Silopren U Additiv V200,BayerLeverkusen,德国)与1.13g(2mmol)H-硅氧烷(Experimental Product1085,Goldschmidt,德国)混合,混合物于室温减压(200mbar,即20kPa)1小时。然后,使氮气鼓泡通入混合物30分钟,加2滴催化剂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷合铂(ABCR,PC072),混合物搅拌5分钟。然后,将聚丙烯(PP)模具(Ciba Vision Atlanta,用于0.5mm厚模制品)中填入这种混合物,封闭,并于60℃氮气烘箱中加热16小时。让模具冷却到室温,打开,由此得到的含交联聚乙烯基硅氧烷的圆片用乙醇萃取,之后干燥到其重量恒定。
实施例C4
按照实施例C3类似方法,使用适用于生产厚100μm,直径1.4cm且基弧线8.4mm的软质接触透镜的聚丙烯模具,生产由交联聚乙烯基硅氧烷的接触透镜。
实施例C5
将2.63g(0.5mmol)含乙烯基聚硅氧烷(Silopren U Additiv V200)和3.0g H-硅氧烷(Expermental Product K 3272,Goldschmidt,德国)在减压下(200mbar,即20kPa)于室温混合和搅拌1小时。氮气鼓泡通过混合物30分钟。加2滴催化剂二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷合铂(ABCR,PC072),搅拌混合物10分钟。然后,将这种混合物填入聚丙烯接触透镜模具(Ciba Vision Atlanta,USA),封闭并在烘箱中于60℃氮气下加热16小时。让模具冷却到室温并开启,由此得到的含交联聚乙烯基硅氧烷的接触透镜用乙醇萃取,之后干燥到其重量恒定。
实施例D1
在氮气下,将4g实施例A17的光引发剂溶于10ml丙酮。将一部分这种溶液喷到按照实施例C1的聚丁二烯膜上,结果,在用氮气吹洗蒸发掉丙酮之后,在聚丁二烯膜上制成了均匀的光引发剂膜。然后,将涂覆的聚丁二烯膜用紫外光(12mW/cm2)照射10分钟。之后,用丙酮将薄膜洗三遍,以除去未结合的光引发剂。然后,将膜减压(0.001bar,即0.1Pa)干燥,直至其重量恒定。薄膜的Fourier转变IR光谱(FT-IR)显示在2250cm-1处有OCN谱带。最后,将膜浸入5%Jeffamin M 2070丙酮溶液中2小时,然后用丙酮彻底洗两遍,用去离子水洗三遍。在FT-IR中分析由此涂覆的聚丁二烯膜,然后确定接触角(K12,Kruss GmbH,Hamburg,德国)。
聚丁二烯膜C1 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 102 78
涂覆 66 47
实施例D2
类似于实施例D1,涂覆由实施例C2得到的交联聚丁二烯膜。
聚丁二烯膜C2 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 111 71
涂覆 96 59
实施例D3
类似于实施例D1,用实施例A19得到的光引发剂涂覆由实施例C1得到的聚丁二烯膜。
聚丁二烯膜C1 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 102 78
涂覆 62 46
实施例D4
类似于实施例D1,由实施例A19得到的光引发剂涂覆实施例C4得到的接触透镜。聚乙烯基硅氧烷C4 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 111 78
涂覆 98 34
实施例D5
类似于实施例D1,用实施例A17的光引发剂涂覆实施例C3的交联聚乙烯基硅氧烷圆片。
C3的圆片 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 112 72
涂覆 99 38
实施例D6
类似于实施例D1,用实施例A17的光引发剂涂覆按照实施例C1的聚丁二烯膜。不过,与实施例D1相反,将这种膜再浸入含1%Dextran 8(Serva)和约1mg DBTDL作为催化剂的DMSO溶液。
聚丁二烯膜C1 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 102 78
涂覆 98 51
实施例D7
类似于实施例D1,用实施例A17的光引发剂涂覆按照实施例C1的聚丁二烯膜。不过,与实施例D1相反,将这种膜浸入含5%聚乙烯亚胺(Fluka)的水溶液中。
聚丁二烯膜C1 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 102 78
涂覆 66 18
实施例D8
类似于实施例D1,用实施例A17的光引发剂涂覆按照实施例C5的接触透镜。不过,与实施例D1相反,将这些透镜再浸入含5%聚乙烯亚胺(Fluka)的水溶液中。
C5的接触透镜 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 115 80
涂覆 99 56
实施例E1
将2g按照实施例B5的大分子光引发剂溶于50ml无水DMSO。氮气鼓泡通过该溶液30分钟。然后,将实施例C1的聚丁二烯膜(2×2cm)浸入该溶液中10分钟,然后取出,并用紫外光照射(12mW/cm2)10分钟。由此涂覆的膜用DMSO洗一遍,用异丙醇洗两遍,用50%异丙醇水溶液洗一遍,以及用水洗一遍。然后,将膜干燥并进行分析。利用光学显微术和RuO4反差法测定,亲水膜的层厚约为6μm。
C1的聚丁二烯膜 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 102 78
涂覆 48 37
实施例E2
类似于实施例E1,用实施例B5的大分子光引发剂处理实施例C2的交联的聚丁二烯膜。
C2的聚丁二烯膜 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 111 71
涂覆 97 38
实施例E3
类似于实施例E1,用实施例B8的大分子光引发剂处理实施例C3的硅氧烷圆片。
C3的硅氧烷圆片 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 112 72
涂覆 94 36
实施例E4
类似于实施例E1,用实施例B5的大分子光引发剂处理实施例C4的接触透镜。
C4的接触透镜 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 111 78
涂覆 88 37
实施例E5
类似于实施例E1,用实施例B8的大分子光引发剂处理实施例C5的接触透镜。
C5的接触透镜 接触角(度)
前进 后退
未涂覆 115 70
涂覆 76 41
实施例F1
将按照实施例C3的聚乙烯基硅氧烷接触透镜置于等离子反应器中。反应器室在辉光放电条件下充入氩气1分钟,然后在以下条件下充入1,2-二氨基环己烷:27.12MHz射频,30瓦输出,0.3毫巴(30Pa)压力,3.65cm3/min(STP)操作气流速,透镜在反应器中的驻留时间为5分钟。反应器再用氮气冲洗并取出透镜。
实施例F2
在室温(RT)及氮气下,将按照实施例F1处理的接触透镜在含1wt%实施例A17的光引发剂的乙腈溶液中浸入30分钟。因此,通过等离子处理,活性光引发剂结合到透镜表面上产生的氨基上。之后,将接触透镜用乙腈洗涤12小时,然后真空干燥3小时。
实施例F3
在室温及氮气排气下,在搅拌下的圆底烧瓶中,将1.5g(20mmol)丙烯酰胺溶于10ml蒸馏水中。然后,将溶液减压脱气,再用氮气排气30分钟。然后,将溶液过滤(孔径0.45μm),并将足够量倒入用于实施例F2的接触透镜的陪替氏培养皿中,放置在该溶液中,由约1mm溶液覆盖。然后,使用汞高压灯(2000瓦)两面照射(12mW/cm2)3分钟。然后,从浴中取出透镜,用水重复洗涤。用HPLC-水再萃取24小时。真空干燥透镜,然后用FT-IR,AFM和接触角测定进行分析。
实施例F4,F5,F6和F7
类似于实施例F2,用其它单体水溶液替代丙烯酰胺(AA),来改性含共价键合的光引发剂的实施例F3的接触透镜。
下表中再现了这种涂覆前后的那些透镜的接触角。
接触角(度)
未处理 处理实施例 单体 前进 后退 前进 后退F3 AA 111 78 42 22F4 NVP 111 78 54 23F5 HEMA 111 78 72 32F6 PEG(1000)MA 111 78 61 11F7 DMA 111 78 36 18AA=丙烯酰胺,NVP=N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮,HEMA=二甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,PEG(1000)MA=用聚乙二醇1000衍生一次或两次得到的甲基丙烯酸,DMA=N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺。
实施例G1
将0.3g实施例B1得到的大分子光引发剂在氮气下溶于0.4g无水THF。向溶液中加入0.2g新蒸馏的NVP和0.1g乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)并搅拌15分钟。然后用氮气排气30分钟。然后,将溶液滤入瓶中。在氮气下,将清净的PP模具中装入这溶液(每个模具180-200μl),封闭模具并用紫外光(12mW/cm2)照射15分钟。打开模具,并对接模具(mould halves) (含透镜)放入乙醇浴中,之后从对接模具分出透镜。然后,将透镜在乙醇中萃取24小时,之后真空干燥。
实施例G2
类似于实施例G1,由40g实施例B1的大分子光引发剂、15g DMA、5g EGDMA和40g THF生产透镜。
实施例G3
按照实施例G1,由34.5g实施例B1的大分子光引发剂、59.5g甲基丙烯酸3-〔三(三甲基硅基)甲硅烷基〕-丙酯(TRIS)和6g NVP、TRIS和NVP(用作光引发剂的溶剂)生产透镜。该混合物的驻留时间为20分钟。
实施例G4
类似于实施例G3,由57g实施例B1的大分子光引发剂、37g甲基丙烯酸3-〔三(三甲基硅氧基)甲硅烷基〕-丙酯(TRIS)和3g NVP和3g EGDMA生产透镜。
下表给出了由此生产的接触透镜的特性信息。实施例 吸水率(%) 应力(MPa) 应变(%) E-模量
抗拉强度 断裂延伸率 (MPa)G1 47.5 1 37 8.8G2 39.1 1 69 3.6G3 5.2 1 974 0.1G4 2.5 3 89 10.5
实施例G5
在氮气下,将0.16g实施例B5的大分子光引发剂溶于0.82g N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的DMSO溶液(70∶12)。加入20μg交联剂EGDMA,并用氮气排气20分钟。然后,将溶液滤入瓶中(孔径0.45μm的Teflon滤器)。氮气下,将清净的PP模具中加入这溶液(每个模具180-200μl),并将模具封闭并用紫外光(12mW/cm2)照射30分钟。打开模具,对接模具(含透镜)放入乙醇浴中,然后,从对接模具中分出透明微黄的透镜。然后,透镜在乙醇中再萃取24小时,之后真空干燥。
实施例G6
类似于实施例G5,由0.1g实施例B5的大分子光引发剂、0.5gDMSO、0.4g NVP和20μg EGDMA生产接触透镜。
实施例G7
在氮气下,将0.25g实施例B8的大分子光引发剂溶于0.5g无水DMSO。加入0.25g HEMA和20μg交联剂EGDMA。然后,过滤溶液(孔径0.45μm)并在氮气下引入清净的PP模具中。按照实施例G5介绍的方法照射和处理。实施例 吸水率(%) 应力(MPa) 应变(%) E-模量
抗拉强度 断裂延伸率 (MPa)G5 178 0 496 0.04G6 441 0 73 0.24G7 18.8 0 67 0.52
实施例G8
在氮气下,将2.0g实施例B3的大分子光引发剂溶于3g无水THF。2g该溶液与0.9g新蒸馏的NVP混合,用氮气排气30分钟。在氮气上,将清净的PP模具中装入该溶液(每个模具约200μl溶液)封闭,并用紫外光(12mW/cm2)照射10分钟。然后,在40℃干燥柜中,将含有高粘度聚合物溶液的模具脱除THF。剩下可溶于乙醇的清亮微黄色圆片。
实施例G9
类似于实施例G8,由2.0g实施例B3的大分子光引发剂和0.9g DMA的混合物生产透明的轻微不透明圆片。
实施例H1
在磺化烧瓶中,将0.31g(1.88mmol)甲基丙烯酸2-氨基乙酯盐酸盐引入10ml无水乙腈中,同时进行搅拌。然后,在氮气下,同时但从不同的滴液漏斗中滴加1.0g(1.88mmol)溶于10ml无水乙腈中的实施例A19的活性光引发剂和190mg(1.88mmol)溶于5ml无水乙腈中的三乙胺。于室温再搅拌72小时。在此过程中用TLC监测反应的进程。然后,把反应混合物倒入100ml水中,搅拌混合物,然后用甲苯萃取三遍。分出有机相,干燥和用RE浓缩。用硅胶色谱法(甲苯/丙酮8∶2)纯化残余物。红外光谱、质子NMR和元素分析与该结构一致。
微量分析 C% H% N% S%
理论值 61.79 7.93 8.48 4.85
实测值 62.20 7.92 7.69 4.99
实施例H2
在类似于实施例H1的设备中,将0.46g(3.5mmol)HEMA引入10ml丙酮中,然后在氮气下,于室温搅拌下加入1.97g(3.5mmol)溶于10ml丙酮中的实施例A20的光引发剂。往里加入10μg二丁基对甲酚抑制剂和10μg DBTDL催化剂。然后,反应混合物于40℃搅拌24小时。在此期间,异氰酸酯基由IR光谱消失。用RE浓缩RM,残余物用硅胶色谱法纯化。
实施例H3
在类似于实施例H1的设备中,将0.5g(0.97mmol)实施例A23的光引发剂引入5ml二氯甲烷。然后,在室温及氮气下,在搅拌的同时,加入0.13g(0.97mmol)溶于3ml二氯甲烷中的HEMA。在加入10μg二丁基对甲酚抑制剂和10μg DBTDL催化剂之后,将溶液再于室温搅拌48小时。在此过程中,异氰酸酯基消失(红外监测)。用RE浓缩RM,残余物用硅胶色谱法(甲苯/丙酮8∶2)纯化。
实施例H4
在一个配有回流冷凝器、温度计、搅拌器和氩气入口管的棕色圆底烧瓶中,将2.0g(3.0mmol)实施例H1的化合物溶于12ml甲苯,然后与6g(60mmol)MMA混合。向里加入0.2g抑制剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)。将该溶液于60℃加热20小时。然后,将其冷却到室温,用20ml甲苯稀释,并加入2000ml乙醚,从而沉淀出固体。滤出固体,用少量乙醚洗涤,并真空干燥。剩下白色粉末,其质子NMR与以下结构一致,a∶b之比为1∶20。
实施例H5
类似于实施例H4,由0.65g(1mmol)实施例H3的可聚合光引发剂、1g(10mmol)MMA和1.0g TRIS制备共聚物。
实施例H6
在氮气下,将320mg实施例H4的大分子光引发剂溶于1.4ml无水THF。向溶液中加入85mg新蒸馏的NVP和30mg EGDMA并搅拌15分钟。然后,用氮气排气30分钟。过滤该溶液(0.45μm孔径的滤器)。在氮气下,将清净的PP模具中加入滤液(每个模具约200μl溶液)。封闭模具,用紫外光(12mW/cm2)照射10分钟。打开模具,对接模具(含透镜)置于THF浴中,然后从对接模具分出透镜。用THF萃取后,干燥清亮透明的透镜并进行分析。吸水率为8.1%。
实施例I1
将叙述蓝色印刷油墨的光固化。首先,按照以下配方制备蓝色印刷油墨:
62.5份SetalinAP 565(氨基甲酸乙酯丙烯酸类树脂,Synthese,Holland),
15份4,4’-二(β-丙烯酰氧乙氧基)二苯基丙烷-2,2(Ebecryl150,UCB,Belgium),
22.5份IrgalithblauGLSM(CIBA-GEIGY AG,Basle)。
将混合物均化并在三辊磨机中磨成粒径小于5μm。在180kg/m2压力及水冷却下,在圆片抛光机上,将5g份这种印刷油墨分别均匀地与所需数量的光引发剂混合。制备含3%光引发剂的样品(基于印刷油墨)。用样品印刷机(Prüfbau,FRG)在4×20cm美术纸条上,制备这些印刷油墨的胶印品。印刷条件是:
印刷油墨覆盖率:1.5g/cm2
加印压力(直线压力):25kp/cm
印刷速率:1米/秒
为此,使用具有金属表面(铝)的印辊。印刷样品在由PPG生产的紫外光照射装置中(使用灯炮和80W/cm的能量)中固化。通过所谓转印试验,在照射后立即检测印刷油墨的表面干燥情况。在该检测中,将白纸在25kp/cm的直线压力下压在印刷样品上。如果纸不粘油墨,则检测合格。如果可见数量的油墨转印到试纸上,则这表示样品表面固化不充分。下表给出转印试验合格的最大迁移速率。为了测试印刷油墨的充分固化情况,胶印品也如上述制备,只是使用具有橡胶表面的印辊,覆铝纸条的金属一侧被印刷。如上述方法进行照射。就在照射后,在REL充分固化试验装置中测试充分固化情况。在此试验中,将用布覆盖的铝筒放在印刷油样上,并在1220g/cm2压力下,在10秒内绕其自身轴旋转一次。如果样品上出现可见破损,则印刷油墨没有足够充分的固化。下表给出了REL试验合格的最大迁移速率。光引发剂 转印试验 REL试验实施例号 (m/min) (m/min)A6 80 30A7 70 40A9 70 40A11 70 40A14 70 30A15 30 30
实施例I2
抗蚀配方的活性。通过混合以下组分制备光固化配方:
10g二季戊四醇一羟基五丙烯酸酯(SR 399,Sartomer Co.,Berkshire GB)
15g三亚丙基二醇二丙烯酸酯(Sartomer Co.,Berkshire GB)
15g N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,Fluka
10g三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,Degussa
50g氨基甲酸乙酯丙烯酸酯Actylan AJ20,Societe National desPoudres et Explosifs
0.3g流平助剂Byk 300,Byk-Mallinckrodt。
将该组合物的诸部份与2%(基于固含量)光引发剂(按照下表)混合。将这些样品涂到300μm厚的铝箔上。干层厚60μm。向该膜涂覆76μm厚的聚酯薄膜,上面放上具有21阶不同光学密度(Stouffer阶光劈)的标准化试验负片。将样品覆盖第二块紫外光透明片并真空压成金属板。利用5kW M061金属卤灯,距离30cm曝光20秒。曝光之后,取下片材和掩模,并将曝光层在23℃超声浴中,在乙醇中显影10秒。在循环空气烘箱中,于40℃干燥5分钟。所用引发剂系统的敏感度的特征在于得到最后一阶光劈成象而不发粘。阶数越高,测试系统就越敏感。
在第二试验系列,采用上述工序,只是除了2%光引发剂(按照所指出的实施例),还向光固化混合物中加入0.2%异丙基噻吨酮(QuantacureITX,International Bio-Synthetics)增感剂。
两个试验系列的结果归纳在下表中。可以看出,通过加入少量Quantacure ITX增感剂,可以提高光引发剂的活性。光引发剂 Quantacure ITX 最高阶成象实施例号A11 - 14A11 0.2% 16A16 - 14A16 0.2% 15A8 - 14A8 0.2% 15
Claims (49)
1.(I)化合物其中X是二价-O-,-NH-,-S-,低级亚烷基或
Y是直接键或-O-(CH2)n-其中n是一个整数1-6,以及连到式(I)中邻X上的CH2端基;R是H,C1-C12烷基,C1-C12烷氧基,C1-C12烷基NH-或-NR1AR1B,其中R1A是低级烷基且R1B是H或低级烷基;R1是直链或支链低级烷基,低级链烯基或芳基低级烷基;R2与R1独立,具有R1同样定义或是芳基,或R1和R2一起为-(CH2)m-,其中m是一个整数2-6;R3和R4彼此独立地是可被C1-4烷氧基取代的直链或支链低级烷基,或者芳基低级烷基或低级链烯基;或R3和R4一起为-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键,-O-,-S-或-NR1B-,以及R1B是H或低级烷基且z彼此独立地是一个2-4的整数;R5是直链或支链C3-C18亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C6-C10亚芳基,或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C7-C18芳亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C13-C24亚芳基亚烷基亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C4芳基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C3-C8-亚环烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C3-C8亚环烷基-CyH2y-或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的-CyH2y-(C3-C8-亚环烷基)-CyH2y-,其中y是一个整数1-6;以及D是异氰酸根合基。
2.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中X是-O-,-NH-,-S-或低级亚烷基,优选-O-或-S-,特别是-O-。
3.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中在Y的定义中,下标n是1-5,优选2-4,更优选2或3。
4.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中Y是直接键。
5.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中作为烷基、烷氧基、烷基NH-或-NR1AR1B的R基含有1-6个、优选1-4个碳原子。
6.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R基是H。
7.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是烯丙基,苄基或直链C1-C4烷基。
8.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R与R1的定义相同。
9.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R2是直链C1-C4低级烷基。
10.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R2是芳基。
11.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R2一起是-(CH2)m-,且m是整数4或5,优选5。
12.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R3是低级C1-C4直链低级烷基,苄基或烯丙基。
13.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R4是直链C1-C4低级烷基。
14.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R3和R4一起是-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键,-O-或-N(CH3)-且z是整数2或3。
15.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R3和R4一起是-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键或-O-且z是2。
16.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中R5是直链或支链C3-C18亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C6-C10亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C13-C24亚芳基亚烷基亚芳基或未取代的或C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C3-C8亚环烷基,优选直链或支链C3-C11亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C2烷基-或C1-C2烷氧基取代的C6-C10亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C2烷基-或C1-C2烷氧基-取代的C13-C24亚芳基基亚烷基亚芳基或未取代的或C1-C2烷基-或C1-C2烷氧基取代的C3-C8亚环烷基。
17.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1是直链低级烷基,低级链烯基或芳基-低级烷基;
R2与R1独立,具有R1同样定义或是芳基;
R3和R4彼此独立地是可被C1-C4烷氧基取代的直链或支链低级烷基,或芳基低级烷基或低级链烯基;或者
R3和R4一起是-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键,-O-,-S-或-NR1B-,且R1B是H或低级烷基且z是一个2-4的整数;以及
R5是直链或支链C3-C18亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C6-C10亚芳基,或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C7-C18芳亚烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基-取代的C13-C24-亚芳基亚烷基亚芳基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的C3-C8-亚环烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4-烷氧基-取代的C3-C8亚环己基-CyC2y-或未取代的或C1-C4烷基-或C1-C4烷氧基取代的-CyC2y-(C3-C8亚环烷基)-CyC2y-,其中y是一个1-6的整数。
18.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中
X是二价-O-,-NH-,-S-或-(CH2)n-;
Y是直接键或-O-(CH2)n-,其中n是一个1-6的整数,且其CH2端基连到式(I)中邻X上;
R是H,C1-C12烷基或C1-C12烷氧基;
R1是直链低级烷基,低级链烯基或芳基低级烷基;
R2与R1独立,具有R1同样定义或是芳基,或
R1和R2一起是-(CH2)m-,其中m是一个2-6的整数;
R3和R4彼此独立地是可被C1-C4烷氧基取代的直链或支链低级烷基;或芳基-低级烷基或低级链烯基;或
R3和R4一起是-(CH2)z-Y1-(CH2)z-,其中Y1是直接键,-O-,-S-或-NR1B-,且R1B是H或低级烷基且z是一个2-4的整数;以及
R5是支链C6-C10亚烷基,亚苯基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苯基,苄基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苄基,亚环己基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基,亚环己基-CH2-或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基-CH2-。
19.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1甲基,烯丙基,甲苯甲基或苄基,
R2是甲基,乙基,苄基或苯基,或
R1和R2一起是五亚甲基,
R3和R4彼此独立地是至多C4的低级烷基,或
R3和R4一起是-CH2CH2OCH2CH2-,且
R5是支链C6-C10亚烷基,亚苯基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苯基,亚苄基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚苄基,亚环己基或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基,亚环己基-CH2-或被1-3个甲基取代的亚环己基-CH2-。
21.一种制备式(I)化合物的方法,该方法包括使式II化合物其中X,Y,R,R1,R2,R3和R4定义如上,优选在一种惰性有机溶剂中,与式III的二异氰酸酯反应或与可以被任意单掩蔽的这种二异氰酸酯反应
OCN-R5-NCO (III),其中R5如前定义。
22.一种具有如果需要借助于桥基键合到低聚物或聚合物骨架上的活泼氢基-OH和/或-NH-,或在低聚物或聚合物骨架上具有活泼氢、-NH-基的低聚物或聚合物,其活泼氢基的氢原子被式IV基部分或完全取代其中R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y定义如上。
23.按照权利要求22的低聚物或聚合物,其中低聚物的平均分子量为300-10000道尔顿,聚合物的平均分子量约10000-1000000。
24.按照权利要求22的低聚物或聚合物,其中具有活泼氢基的低聚物或聚合物是天然或合成的低聚或聚合物。
25.按照权利要求24的低聚物或聚合物,它是环糊精,淀粉,透明质酸,脱乙酰透明质酸,聚氨基葡糖,海藻糖,纤维素二糖,麦芽三糖,麦芽六糖,壳六糖,琼脂糖,几丁质50,戊糖,葡聚糖,肝素,木聚糖,果胶,半乳聚糖,聚-半乳糖胺,葡糖氨基聚糖,葡聚糖-氨化葡聚糖,纤维素,羟烷基纤维素,羧烷基纤维素,岩藻依聚糖,硫酸软骨素,硫酸化多糖,粘多糖,明胶,玉米醇溶蛋白,胶原,清蛋白,球蛋白,胆红素,卵清蛋白,角蛋白,纤连蛋白和玻连蛋白,胃蛋白酶,胰蛋白酶或溶菌酶。
26.按照权利要求24的低聚物或聚合物,它是一种或多种乙烯基酯或醚的水解聚合物(聚乙烯醇);水解的聚二烯烃,如聚丁二烯,聚异戊二烯或聚氯丁二烯;聚丙烯酸和聚甲基丙烯酸,以及聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯酰胺或聚甲基丙烯酰胺,其中在酯基或酰胺基中有羟烷基或氨烷基;具有羟烷基或氨烷基的聚硅氧烷;一种或多种环氧化物或缩水甘油化合物和二醇的聚醚;聚乙烯基酚或乙烯基酚和一种或多种烯烃共聚用单体的共聚物;或选自乙烯基醇、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或含羟烷基-或氨烷基-的丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺或羟基化二烯烃中的至少一种单体与烯属不饱和单体如丙烯腈、烯烃、二烯烃、一氯乙烯、二氯乙烯、一氟乙烯、二氟乙烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基醚和乙烯基酯的共聚物;或具有端羟基或氨基烷氧基的聚氧化烯。
27.按照权利要求24的低聚的或聚合物,它是共有6-8个成环葡糖结构单元的环糊精,或羟烷基或氨烷基衍生物或葡糖-或麦芽糖-取代的衍生物,其中至少一个结构单元满足式(V):其中R7,R8和R9彼此独立地是H,C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基,C2-C6酰基,特别是乙酰基,C1-C4羟烷基,特别是羟甲基或2-羟-1-基,C2-C10氨烷基,特别是C2-C4氨烷基,如2-氨乙-1-基或3-氨丙-1-基或4-氨丁-1-基,
X1是-O-或-NR1B-,其中对于每个环糊精单元,总共1-10个、优选1-6个X1基可以是-NR1B-,剩下的X1基是-O-,其中R1B是氢或低级烷基;以及
R7,R8和R9中的至少一个是式(VI)基团其中
R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y定义如前,以及
R10是一直接键,-(C1-C6亚烷基-O-)-或-(C2-C10亚烷基-NH)-,其中杂原子连到式(VI)中的羰基上。
28.按照权利要求24的代聚物或聚合物,它是这样一种低聚物或聚合物,以低聚物或聚合物计,包含:
R11是C1-C4烷基,低级链烯基,氰基低级烷基或芳基,每个基团是未取代的或被F部分或全部取代,优选甲基,乙基,乙烯基,烯丙基,氰基丙基或三氟甲基,
R12是C2-C6亚烷基,优选1,3-亚丙基,-(CH2)z-(O-CH2-CHCH3-)z-,-(CH2)z-(O-CH2-CH2)z-或-(CH2)z-NH-(CH2)z-NH-,优选-(CH2)3-(O-CH2-CHCH3-)2-或-(CH2)3-NH-(CH2)2-NH-,其中z彼此独立地是2-4,
R14与R11的定义相同,或为-R12-X1-H或-R12-X1-R15-H,
X1是-O-或-NH-,以及
R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y定义如前,以及
R15是一直接键或-C(O)-(CHOH)r-CH2O-基,其中r是0或一个整数1-4。
30.按照权利要求24的低聚物或聚合物,它是这样的低聚物或聚合物,包含
a)5-100mol%式(XI)结构单元以及
b)95-0mol%式(XII)结构单元其中
R16是上式(VI)基团,其中R,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,X和Y如前定义,且R10是一直接键,-(C1-C4亚烷基-O)-或-(C2-C10-亚烷基-NH)-;
R17是H,C1-C6烷基,-COOR20或-COOΘ,
R18是H,F,Cl,CN或C1-C6烷基,以及
R19是H,OH,R10-H,F,Cl,CN,R20-O-,C1-C12烷基,-COOΘ,-COOR20,-OCO-R20,甲基苯基或苯基,其中R20是C1-C18烷基,C5-C7环烷基,(C1-C12烷基)-C5-C7环烷基,苯基,(C1-C12烷基)苯基,苄基或(C1-C12烷基)苄基。
32.按照权利要求24的低聚物或聚合物,它是有相同或不同结构重复单元-〔CH2CH(R26)-O〕-的式(XV)聚氧代烯化氧其中
R25是R28-X4-基或是C1-C20醇或多醇的v-价基团,
R26是H,C1-C8烷基,优选C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基,
R27与X4一起是一直接键或
R27是C2-C6亚烷基,优选C3-C6亚烷基,特别是1,3-亚丙基,
X4是-O-或-NH-,
R28是式(IX)基,
u彼此独立地是3-10000的一个数值,以及
v是一个整数1-6。
37.一种辐射敏感的组合物,它包含:
a)至少一种烯属不饱和光聚合或光交联化合物以及
b)有效引发剂量的至少一种式(I),(XVII),(XIX)或(XXI)的化合物或具有式(IV)结构单元的低聚物或聚合物。
38.按照权利要求37的辐射敏感的组合物,其中以组分a)为基准,组分b)的化合物的含量为0.001-70%。
39.一种材料,其构成如下:(a)无机或优选有机基材,上面(b)粘合了至少一种式(I)化合物作为光引发剂,它一方面通过O原子、S原子、HN-C1-C6-烷基或NH基,另一方面通过光引发剂的异氰酸酯基牢固地粘合到基材上,以及,任选地,(c)光引发剂层上的聚合物薄层,该聚合物通过将光聚合烯属不饱和物质的薄层施涂于具有光引发剂基的基材表面,并通过辐射、优选UV辐射聚合烯属不饱和物质层而获得。
40.一种改性含活泼氢的HO-、HS-、HN-C1-C6烷基或-NH2-基的有机或无机基材表面的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)向该基材上施涂至少一种式(I)化合物的光引发剂薄层,若合适的话,连同一种催化剂一起施涂,
b)若合适的话,加热涂覆过的材料并洗掉过量的光引发剂,
c)向具有所述光引发剂的基材表面上施涂光聚合烯属不饱和物质的薄层,以及
d)优选用UV射线辐照含烯属不饱和物质层。
41.按照权利要求40的方法,其中基材是接触透镜或眼科模制品。
42.一种接触透镜,它包括(a)具有官能团、特别是羟基、巯基、氨基或羧基的一种透明有机基材,以及(b)该表面上的一薄层,后者是由优选由借助于异氰酸酯基键接到基材官能团上的至少一种式(I)光引发剂衍生的诸成分构成。
43.一种接触透镜,包括一种按照权利要求22的低聚物或聚合物和在该表面的至少一部分上的薄的外层,后者是由光聚合烯烃形成的接枝聚合物构成。
44.一种接触透镜,包括一种按照权利要求23的低聚物或聚合物和在该表面的至少一部分上的薄的外层,后者是由光聚合烯烃形成的接枝聚合物构成。
45.一种接触透镜,它包括(a)具有官能团、特别是羟基、巯基、氨基或羧基的一种透明有机基材,以及(b)在该表面上的一薄层,后者是由优选由至少一种借助于异氰酸酯基键合到基材官能团上的式(I)光引发剂衍生的诸成分构成。
46.包括按照权利要求22的低聚物或聚合物的接触透镜。
47.包括按照权利要求23-33任一项的低聚物或聚合物的接触透镜。
48.由光聚合按照权利要求37的组合物获得的聚合物。
49.由按照权利要求48的聚合物构成的接触透镜或眼科模制品。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH396894 | 1994-12-30 | ||
CH3968/94 | 1994-12-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1174547A true CN1174547A (zh) | 1998-02-25 |
Family
ID=4267327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN95197513A Pending CN1174547A (zh) | 1994-12-30 | 1995-12-18 | 官能化光引发剂,由它得到的衍生物和大分子体及其应用 |
Country Status (21)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6204306B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0800511B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH10512856A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR980700964A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1174547A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE189210T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU700575B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9510177A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2208664A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69514835T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0800511T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2142506T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI972698A (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3032930T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL116488A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9704918A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO973021L (zh) |
PT (1) | PT800511E (zh) |
TW (1) | TW434456B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996020919A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA9511002B (zh) |
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TW328535B (en) | 1993-07-02 | 1998-03-21 | Novartis Ag | Functional photoinitiators and their manufacture |
-
1995
- 1995-02-08 TW TW084101034A patent/TW434456B/zh active
- 1995-12-18 CN CN95197513A patent/CN1174547A/zh active Pending
- 1995-12-18 DE DE69514835T patent/DE69514835T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-18 US US08/860,131 patent/US6204306B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-18 JP JP8520701A patent/JPH10512856A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-18 KR KR1019970704599A patent/KR980700964A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-12-18 AT AT95942692T patent/ATE189210T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-18 EP EP95942692A patent/EP0800511B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-18 MX MX9704918A patent/MX9704918A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-12-18 AU AU43873/96A patent/AU700575B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-18 DK DK95942692T patent/DK0800511T3/da active
- 1995-12-18 ES ES95942692T patent/ES2142506T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-18 CA CA002208664A patent/CA2208664A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-18 WO PCT/EP1995/005012 patent/WO1996020919A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-12-18 PT PT95942692T patent/PT800511E/pt unknown
- 1995-12-18 BR BR9510177A patent/BR9510177A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-12-21 IL IL11648895A patent/IL116488A0/xx unknown
- 1995-12-28 ZA ZA9511002A patent/ZA9511002B/xx unknown
-
1997
- 1997-06-23 FI FI972698A patent/FI972698A/fi unknown
- 1997-06-27 NO NO973021A patent/NO973021L/no unknown
-
2000
- 2000-03-10 GR GR20000400626T patent/GR3032930T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation
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CN101266407B (zh) * | 2007-03-12 | 2014-11-05 | Jsr株式会社 | 用于形成着色层的放射线敏感性组合物 |
CN103193678B (zh) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-07-02 | 长兴(广州)电子材料有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯丙烯酸酯低聚物及其制备方法与应用 |
CN103193678A (zh) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-10 | 长兴(广州)电子材料有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯丙烯酸酯低聚物及其制备方法与应用 |
CN108290970A (zh) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-07-17 | 株式会社德山 | 光固化性树脂组合物 |
CN108602931B (zh) * | 2016-02-05 | 2021-03-09 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 水分散物及其制造方法、以及图像形成方法 |
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CN110997806B (zh) * | 2017-06-20 | 2022-05-10 | 韩国化学研究院 | Pbs复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN110997806A (zh) * | 2017-06-20 | 2020-04-10 | 韩国化学研究院 | Pbs复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN111514379A (zh) * | 2019-02-02 | 2020-08-11 | 江苏百赛飞生物科技有限公司 | 经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管及其制备方法 |
CN111514379B (zh) * | 2019-02-02 | 2022-03-15 | 江苏百赛飞生物科技有限公司 | 经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管及其制备方法 |
CN115485263A (zh) * | 2020-05-14 | 2022-12-16 | 3M创新有限公司 | 包含全氟化基团、光引发剂基团和酰胺连接基团的化合物 |
CN115504896A (zh) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-23 | 湖北固润科技股份有限公司 | 用于led光聚合的丙烯酰甲酸酯类化合物、其制备方法及其用途 |
CN115504896B (zh) * | 2022-10-09 | 2024-05-07 | 湖北固润科技股份有限公司 | 用于led光聚合的丙烯酰甲酸酯类化合物、其制备方法及其用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2208664A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
NO973021L (no) | 1997-09-01 |
IL116488A0 (en) | 1996-03-31 |
AU700575B2 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
DK0800511T3 (da) | 2000-06-19 |
AU4387396A (en) | 1996-07-24 |
JPH10512856A (ja) | 1998-12-08 |
FI972698A0 (fi) | 1997-06-23 |
ATE189210T1 (de) | 2000-02-15 |
BR9510177A (pt) | 1997-12-23 |
DE69514835T2 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
TW434456B (en) | 2001-05-16 |
ZA9511002B (en) | 1996-07-01 |
US6204306B1 (en) | 2001-03-20 |
EP0800511B1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
NO973021D0 (no) | 1997-06-27 |
EP0800511A1 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
PT800511E (pt) | 2000-07-31 |
WO1996020919A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
GR3032930T3 (en) | 2000-07-31 |
KR980700964A (ko) | 1998-04-30 |
FI972698A (fi) | 1997-08-25 |
MX9704918A (es) | 1997-10-31 |
ES2142506T3 (es) | 2000-04-16 |
DE69514835D1 (de) | 2000-03-02 |
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