CN116134268B - 照明装置用导光部件、照明装置及建筑部件 - Google Patents
照明装置用导光部件、照明装置及建筑部件Info
- Publication number
- CN116134268B CN116134268B CN202180059208.9A CN202180059208A CN116134268B CN 116134268 B CN116134268 B CN 116134268B CN 202180059208 A CN202180059208 A CN 202180059208A CN 116134268 B CN116134268 B CN 116134268B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light guide
- refractive index
- light
- low refractive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
- F21V33/006—General building constructions or finishing work for buildings, e.g. roofs, gutters, stairs or floors; Garden equipment; Sunshades or parasols
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/18—Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/004—Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
- G02B6/0041—Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles provided in the bulk of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V2200/00—Use of light guides, e.g. fibre optic devices, in lighting devices or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
- F21W2131/1005—Outdoor lighting of working places, building sites or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
- F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
- F21W2131/107—Outdoor lighting of the exterior of buildings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
- Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020-127530 | 2020-07-28 | ||
| JP2020127530 | 2020-07-28 | ||
| JP2021084593 | 2021-05-19 | ||
| JP2021-084593 | 2021-05-19 | ||
| PCT/JP2021/027768 WO2022025067A1 (ja) | 2020-07-28 | 2021-07-27 | 照明装置用導光部材、照明装置および建築部材 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116134268A CN116134268A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
| CN116134268B true CN116134268B (zh) | 2025-12-23 |
Family
ID=80036645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202180059208.9A Active CN116134268B (zh) | 2020-07-28 | 2021-07-27 | 照明装置用导光部件、照明装置及建筑部件 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230280523A1 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP4191132A4 (https=) |
| JP (2) | JP7560557B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR102814283B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN116134268B (https=) |
| TW (1) | TWI910201B (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2022025067A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022260080A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-15 | 日東電工株式会社 | 照明装置用導光部材および照明装置 |
| CN118339484A (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-07-12 | 日东电工株式会社 | 光学构件的制造方法 |
| DE102022125441A1 (de) * | 2022-10-01 | 2024-04-04 | polyscale GmbH & Co. KG | Optische Einheit zum Abstrahlen von Licht und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer optischen Einheit |
| JP2024145363A (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-15 | 日東電工株式会社 | Arデバイス |
| JP2024174483A (ja) | 2023-06-05 | 2024-12-17 | 日東電工株式会社 | 積層フィルム、およびロール |
| JP2024174482A (ja) | 2023-06-05 | 2024-12-17 | 日東電工株式会社 | 積層フィルム |
| JP2025130587A (ja) * | 2024-02-27 | 2025-09-08 | 日東電工株式会社 | 積層フィルム、積層フィルムの製造方法、光学部材、及び、光学部材の製造方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000048617A (ja) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-02-18 | Nitto Denko Corp | 導光板、面光源装置及び反射型液晶表示装置 |
| JP2018142530A (ja) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-09-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光部材、それを備えた建材、及び、建材の製造方法 |
| WO2019182098A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-09-26 | 日東電工株式会社 | 光学デバイス |
| WO2019224705A1 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-28 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Improved light distribution element |
Family Cites Families (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4118389B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-29 | 2008-07-16 | 日本ライツ株式会社 | 導光板および平面照明装置 |
| DE69930025T2 (de) * | 1998-04-17 | 2006-08-10 | Nitto Denko Corp., Ibaraki | Lichtleitende Platte, Oberfläche- Lichtquellenvorrichtung, und Reflexion-Type Flüssigkristall Anzeige |
| JP4442836B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-02 | 2010-03-31 | 日東電工株式会社 | 光学フィルム |
| TW200500630A (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-01 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Antireflective film |
| JP2004086221A (ja) * | 2003-09-12 | 2004-03-18 | Sharp Corp | フロントライト及び表示装置 |
| JP4448392B2 (ja) | 2004-06-28 | 2010-04-07 | Hoya株式会社 | 反射防止膜を有する光学素子の製造方法 |
| US7973880B2 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2011-07-05 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Illumination device and liquid crystal display device |
| JP2008040171A (ja) | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Pentax Corp | セルフクリーニング効果を有する反射防止膜を設けた光学素子及びその製造方法 |
| TWI448643B (zh) * | 2007-05-20 | 2014-08-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | 背光與利用背光之顯示系統 |
| KR20110043732A (ko) * | 2008-08-08 | 2011-04-27 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 광을 처리하기 위한 점탄성층을 갖는 도광체 |
| JP5007416B2 (ja) | 2009-02-17 | 2012-08-22 | 国立大学法人信州大学 | 多孔質シリカ膜の製造方法 |
| JP5617212B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-24 | 2014-11-05 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 導光板、導光板の製造方法及びバックライトユニット |
| JP5631776B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2014-11-26 | 株式会社東芝 | 照明装置およびこれを備えた液晶表示装置 |
| US20110244187A1 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-06 | Modilis Holdings Llc | Internal Cavity Optics |
| KR20130109929A (ko) | 2010-04-06 | 2013-10-08 | 오와이 아이씨에스 인텔리전트 컨트롤 시스템즈 리미티드 | 태양전지를 이용하기 위한 매립된 공동을 갖는 라미네이트 구조 및 이들의 관련 제조 방법 |
| CN102844684B (zh) | 2010-04-15 | 2015-03-25 | 日东电工株式会社 | 硬涂膜、偏光板、图像显示装置、以及硬涂膜的制造方法 |
| JP2013525955A (ja) * | 2010-04-16 | 2013-06-20 | フレックス ライティング 2,エルエルシー | フィルムベースのライトガイドを備える照明デバイス |
| WO2012116215A1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Illumination article and device for front-lighting reflective scattering element |
| JP5954616B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-27 | 2016-07-20 | 朝日テクノ株式会社 | 導光板、面状発光装置及び面状表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP6189052B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-08-30 | 恵和株式会社 | ライトガイドフィルム、超薄型液晶バックライトユニット及び携帯型コンピュータ |
| JP2013178534A (ja) | 2013-04-05 | 2013-09-09 | Nitto Denko Corp | 防眩性ハードコートフィルム、それを用いた偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| JP6567252B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-17 | 2019-08-28 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 導光板および照明装置 |
| CN104633531A (zh) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-20 | 富泰华精密电子(郑州)有限公司 | 侧入式背光模组 |
| US20160329020A1 (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2016-11-10 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Frontlight system with multiple angle light-turning features |
| JP2018036586A (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-03-08 | 日東電工株式会社 | 光学部材 |
| JP2018044994A (ja) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-22 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 表示装置 |
| JP6905350B2 (ja) | 2017-02-21 | 2021-07-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | 液晶表示装置および光学部材 |
| WO2019026865A1 (ja) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | 日東電工株式会社 | 光取り出し部材 |
| SG11202003940UA (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2020-05-28 | Nitto Denko Corp | Light distribution structure and element, related method and uses |
| WO2019102959A1 (ja) | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-31 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 片面照明兼用窓 |
| JP6740490B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-08-12 | 日東電工株式会社 | Led照明器具用フィルム、led照明器具 |
| JP7217118B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 | 2023-02-02 | 日東電工株式会社 | 保護フィルム付き光学フィルム |
| JP2020067582A (ja) | 2018-10-25 | 2020-04-30 | 日東電工株式会社 | 反射防止フィルム |
-
2021
- 2021-07-27 KR KR1020237003730A patent/KR102814283B1/ko active Active
- 2021-07-27 WO PCT/JP2021/027768 patent/WO2022025067A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-27 US US18/017,695 patent/US20230280523A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-27 EP EP21850387.8A patent/EP4191132A4/en active Pending
- 2021-07-27 CN CN202180059208.9A patent/CN116134268B/zh active Active
- 2021-07-27 JP JP2022539501A patent/JP7560557B2/ja active Active
- 2021-07-28 TW TW110127713A patent/TWI910201B/zh active
-
2024
- 2024-09-19 JP JP2024162182A patent/JP2024175102A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000048617A (ja) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-02-18 | Nitto Denko Corp | 導光板、面光源装置及び反射型液晶表示装置 |
| JP2018142530A (ja) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-09-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光部材、それを備えた建材、及び、建材の製造方法 |
| WO2019182098A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-09-26 | 日東電工株式会社 | 光学デバイス |
| WO2019224705A1 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-28 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Improved light distribution element |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024175102A (ja) | 2024-12-17 |
| WO2022025067A1 (ja) | 2022-02-03 |
| TWI910201B (zh) | 2026-01-01 |
| KR102814283B1 (ko) | 2025-05-29 |
| JP7560557B2 (ja) | 2024-10-02 |
| CN116134268A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
| US20230280523A1 (en) | 2023-09-07 |
| EP4191132A4 (en) | 2024-08-14 |
| KR20230035069A (ko) | 2023-03-10 |
| EP4191132A1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
| TW202213807A (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
| JPWO2022025067A1 (https=) | 2022-02-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN116134268B (zh) | 照明装置用导光部件、照明装置及建筑部件 | |
| KR100887913B1 (ko) | 투명 도전성 필름 및 터치 패널 | |
| KR102087422B1 (ko) | 적층 필름과 그의 제조 방법, 터치 패널 장치, 화상 표시 장치 및 모바일 기기 | |
| TWI518156B (zh) | 抗反射及抗炫塗佈組成物、抗反射及抗炫薄膜以及其製備方法 | |
| KR101755955B1 (ko) | 적층체 | |
| CN107075898B (zh) | 包括微结构化漫射体的隔热玻璃窗单元和微光学层以及方法 | |
| KR101076968B1 (ko) | 눈부심 방지 필름 | |
| KR20150125704A (ko) | 적층 구조체 및 그의 제조 방법과 물품 | |
| KR20140124805A (ko) | 나노구조화된 재료 및 그 제조 방법 | |
| KR101286438B1 (ko) | 미세 요철 구조 전사용 무기 조성물 | |
| WO2011007710A1 (ja) | 光起電力装置用保護基板およびその製造方法 | |
| KR20090020494A (ko) | 광학 적층체 | |
| KR20140113661A (ko) | 성형 재료, 도료 조성물 및 성형 재료의 제조 방법 | |
| TW201637842A (zh) | 透明導電膜積層用薄膜及其製造方法以及透明導電性薄膜 | |
| CN117501043A (zh) | 照明装置用导光部件以及照明装置 | |
| JP2016049699A (ja) | 防汚性構造体、これを有する積層体及び画像表示装置 | |
| WO2014189075A1 (ja) | 積層体 | |
| JP5230079B2 (ja) | 反射防止材料 | |
| TW202413076A (zh) | 光學積層體 | |
| WO2022260080A1 (ja) | 照明装置用導光部材および照明装置 | |
| JP2014092770A (ja) | 成形材料および成形材料の製造方法 | |
| WO2022244474A1 (ja) | 光学装置 | |
| CN118742830A (zh) | 光学构件和使用该光学构件的ar眼镜和头戴式显示器 | |
| JP2024174483A (ja) | 積層フィルム、およびロール | |
| WO2023276836A1 (ja) | 照明装置用導光部材および照明装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |