CN116076295B - Efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and tea-oil tree - Google Patents
Efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and tea-oil tree Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116076295B CN116076295B CN202310108718.1A CN202310108718A CN116076295B CN 116076295 B CN116076295 B CN 116076295B CN 202310108718 A CN202310108718 A CN 202310108718A CN 116076295 B CN116076295 B CN 116076295B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tea
- oil
- plant
- year
- months
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(benzenesulfonyl)ethyl]-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-1h-indole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CC(C1=C2)=CNC1=CC=C2CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000209507 Camellia Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 19
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a 'two-to-one cultivation' efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and oil tea, which relates to the technical field of economic forest cultivation, wherein the cultivation method is summarized as that 1 row of special oil tea seedlings are planted among tea ridges every 4 rows of tea ridges in a produced tea garden, tree improvement is carried out in the third year after the field planting of the oil tea by adjusting planting plant spacing, innovative shaping and trimming methods and reasonable fertilizer and water management: the tea-oil tree is changed from nutrition growth to reproductive growth through cultivation measures; and (3) garden improvement: gradually thinning and removing tea ridges on two sides between tea-oil camellia rows according to tea-oil camellia growth vigor through thinning operation; ridging is carried out in the sixth year after the interplanting of the camellia oleifera: and ditching and fertilizing at two sides of the tea-oil trees by combining with thinning and removing the tea-oil trees, and ridging by ridging and soil-up. According to the method, the tea garden cultivation mode is changed, so that the harmonious growth of tea and oil tea is effectively promoted, the problem of low economic benefit in unit area caused by slow early growth of the oil tea is solved, and meanwhile, the land utilization among tea ridges of the tea garden is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of economic forest cultivation, in particular to a 'two-to-one cultivation' efficient cultivation method for tea and oil tea interplanting.
Background
In recent years, along with the changes of the market competition pattern of tea, the high investment of tea picking labor force and the diversified demands of consumers, the development of the tea industry faces a serious test, so that the development of a composite planting mode of interplanting in tea gardens is gradually raised, and the novel mode is realized.
The report of interplanting or interplanting other crops in the traditional tea garden is relatively more, but the actual popularization still has more problems. For example, in the prior art with the application number of 201510176. X, an interplanting method for tea garden interplanting of tea trees is disclosed, and only the mixed planting density, planting method and planting time of tea trees and tea trees are specified, so that the economic benefit of the tea garden is improved through simple interplanting. However, specific planting modes, management after planting, shaping and trimming and the like are not required, so that the survival rate of tea-oil camellia interplanting is low, the competition of tea and tea-oil camellia nutrients in the later stage is serious, the tea-oil camellia closing result is small, tea ridges cannot pass through, no management operation space is reserved, and the tea yield and the tea-oil camellia yield are greatly influenced and the expected effect is not achieved.
The tea-oil camellia is a special species in China, belongs to camellia genus of Theaceae as tea, has the adaptability and the requirements on soil, climate, temperature and other environmental factors very similar to those of tea, and has the same suitable cultivation area. In the traditional cultivation mode, the early growth of the camellia oleifera forestation is slow, and the time for entering the high yield period is usually 6-8 years, so that the early land utilization rate after the forestation is low, the production investment and the cost are too high, the planting enthusiasm of farmers is low, and the long-acting development of the camellia oleifera industry is influenced. Therefore, the method is a great search for the improvement of the agricultural planting mode in the current stage, and aims at solving the problems of large area and high picking cost of the existing tea garden and the actual contradiction of low land utilization rate and high management cost in the early stage of tea-oil tree forestation, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of the land per unit area are maximized by combining the problems of large area and high picking cost of the existing tea-oil tree forestation through a reasonable and effective mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 'two-to-one cultivation' efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and oil tea, which effectively promotes the harmonious growth of tea and oil tea by changing the cultivation mode of a tea garden, solves the problem of low economic benefit in unit area caused by slow growth of the oil tea in the early stage, and increases the land utilization among tea ridges of the tea garden.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a 'two-to-one cultivation' efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and oil tea, which comprises the following steps:
digging field planting holes in the intervals of tea ridges in a tea-making garden for field planting oil tea seedlings in 10 months to 1 month in the next year; after field planting for one year, cutting at 50-60 cm of the trunk of the camellia oleifera seedling, transversely culturing two main branches between rows to form a Y-shaped plant type, and shaping and pruning the plant within three years to keep the Y-shaped plant type;
planting for the third, fourth and fifth years, and carrying out girdling on branches with the diameter of more than or equal to 1.2cm within 1-7 days after the branches are stopped for a little in spring every year, and spraying a flower promoting agent for 1-3 times before flower bud differentiation every year, wherein each time is 5-9 days; in the third year, in the middle of 9 months to the late of 9 months, tea ridges with half the width of the two sides of the oil tea are thinned, the width of each thinned tea ridge is 50-70 cm, first fertilization ditches with the width of 15-25 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm are dug on the two sides 25-35 cm away from the oil tea tree, the fertilization ditches are parallel to the tea tree, and soil and fertilization are carried out for the first time;
planting in the late autumn and early winter, thinning out tea ridges with the residual widths on two sides again, thinning out the tea ridges on each side, wherein the width of each tea ridge is 50-70 cm, digging a second fertilization ditch with the width of 35-45 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm at a position 20-40 cm away from the first fertilization ditch, wherein the fertilization ditch is parallel to the tea tree rows, and performing soil and fertilization for the second time; and then carrying out water and fertilizer management, keeping the crown diameter among tree crown rows less than 3m, the crown diameter among plants less than 1m, and the tree height less than 2.5m.
Preferably, the slope of the tea garden is less than 15 degrees, the area is more than 1 hectare, the width of the planted tea ridge is 100-140 cm, and the distance between the tea ridges is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, planting holes are excavated between every two ridges with the spacing of 130-170 cm, the depth of each planting hole is 55-65 cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 30-50 cm, excavated subsoil is mixed with 4-6 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.05-0.15 kg of calcium superphosphate, surface soil is mixed with 0.05-0.15 kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, and the planting holes are filled back in sequence; the oil tea seedlings are 2-year-old grafted seedlings, and the grafting opening is kept 0.5-1.5 cm away from the ground for planting; watering after field planting, and covering with silver white or silver black plastic film.
Preferably, the field planting oil tea seedlings are planted in a way that 1 pollinated variety is planted every 6-8 main planting varieties, and the pollinated varieties are planted in a way that the pollinated varieties are in a Chinese character 'pin'.
Preferably, the pruning plants within three years of the field planting include: when the buds of main branches germinate to more than 20cm in spring, removing the buds of the lower parts of the main branches, removing the excessive branches on the backs of the main branches in summer and winter every year, and removing all buds 9-10 months every year.
Preferably, within three years of field planting, the water and fertilizer management specifically comprises: applying high nitrogen water soluble fertilizer at the vertical projection line of the crown of the tree in the middle and late 2-3 months and 5 months each year, applying 2-3 kg/plant, deep digging 30X 30cm fertilization holes at 45-55 cm of oil tea between plants in the middle and late 9 months each year, and applying 4.5-5.5 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 45-50 g/plant of American potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the girdling width is 0.3-0.5 cm; the flower-promoting agent is a mixed solution of 45-55 mg/L uniconazole, 95-105 mg/L chlormequat chloride, 1.5-2.5 g/L monopotassium phosphate and 1.5-2.5 g/L potassium sulfate type foliar fertilizer, the single application amount is 20-30L/mu, and the thinning tea ridge specifically comprises: and (3) after the spring tea is harvested in the same year, mowing the tea ridge for 5-6 months, and digging out the tea tree roots in the middle and late 9 months.
Preferably, the first ridging and fertilizing is that 8-12 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 0.5-1.5 kg/plant of calcium superphosphate are filled into the trench bottom, the surface soil is backfilled, the bottom soil and 0.3-0.7 kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are mixed and backfilled on the uppermost layer, and the distance between the grafting opening and the ground is kept to be 1-5 cm.
Preferably, the second ridging and fertilizing is that 15-20 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg/plant of calcium superphosphate are filled into the bottom of a ditch, surface soil is backfilled, and the bottom soil and 1-1.5 kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are mixed and backfilled on the uppermost layer, so that the middle of the planting row of the camellia oleifera is kept high and low at two sides, and the height difference is 8-12 cm; the water and fertilizer management is specifically as follows: the high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied at intervals of 30-50 cm along the vertical projection lines at two sides of the crown in the last 2 months to 3 months each year, the application amount is 3-5 kg/plant, the fertilization depth is 25-35 cm, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied at intervals of 30-50 cm along the vertical projection lines of the crown in the last 5 months each year, the application amount is 3-5 kg/plant, the high potassium water-soluble fertilizer and the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer are respectively applied at intervals of 30-50 cm along the vertical projection lines of the crown in the last 8 months each year, the fertilization ditches with the width of 35-45 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm are excavated along the vertical projection lines of the crown, and the fertilization mode is the same as the fertilization mode of the first hilling.
Preferably, in the third year of field planting and before germination in summer, 1 bamboo pole with height of 1-2 m and thickness of 3-5 cm is erected in parallel with the trunk of each tea-oil tree, and a round hole with diameter of 0.8-1 cm is formed in the middle of each internode of each bamboo pole.
The invention provides a 'two-to-one cultivation' high-efficiency cultivation method for interplanting tea and oil tea, which comprises the steps of interplanting the oil tea according to a specified density between tea ridges of a produced tea garden or a newly built tea garden, controlling and innovatively pruning through reasonable fertilizer water pipes in the early stage, so that the crown of the tree is rapidly enlarged; flowers are promoted by girdling and a growth regulator in the middle period, pollinated insect nest is constructed manually, and tree improvement and garden improvement measures such as partial tea ridges are removed, so that flowering and fruiting are promoted; and in the later stage, the tea ridges on the two sides of the oil tea are dredged to carry out ridging fertilization and control of tree crowns, so that long-term high and stable yield is achieved. The method effectively solves the problems of high land utilization rate and high input cost in the early stage of tea-oil camellia cultivation, fully utilizes the land among tea ridges in the young period of the tea-oil camellia, reasonably dredges the tea ridges affecting the growth of the tea-oil camellia in the adult period of the tea-oil camellia, and achieves the maximum economic and ecological benefits of the land per unit area. Aiming at the contradiction between the current large-area tea garden labor shortage in China and the urgent need of a large amount of land for newly developing the tea-oil camellia, the method has the characteristics of simple operation, strong practicability, high efficiency and suitability for large-area popularization, and plays an important role in the aspect of standardized planting of the tea-oil camellia.
According to the invention, the space between tea ridges in the tea garden is reasonably utilized, and the problem of low land utilization rate caused by slow growth of tea in the early stage is solved by interplanting tea in the tea garden with proper planting density. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the early-stage tea leaves are used as main tea leaves and auxiliary tea leaves are realized through sectional cultivation management, the later-stage tea leaves are used as main tea leaves and auxiliary tea leaves, after the tea leaves grow up, the adjacent two rows of tea ridges are gradually thinned and removed, the corresponding influence of the tea leaves and the tea leaves is reduced, the yield and the quality of the tea leaves can be increased, the picking and the management of the tea leaves are also facilitated, the seamless connection conversion of an inter-planting mode is realized, and the maximum utilization of the economic and ecological benefits of unit area land is achieved.
1. According to the efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and tea trees, disclosed by the invention, the inter-planting mode of spacing four tea ridges and interplanting one row of tea trees is adopted among the tea ridges of the produced tea garden, namely, the land utilization of the tea garden is increased, the management and tea picking operation of the tea garden are not influenced, the economic benefit of the tea garden is not reduced, meanwhile, the planting of the tea trees is realized, and the problems of low land utilization rate and high management cost in the early stage of simply planting the tea trees are solved.
2. In 3 years after interplanting, when the crown diameter of the tea-oil camellia reaches 1.2-1.5m, adopting a two-change operation, and realizing the conversion of the tea-oil camellia from nutrition growth to reproductive growth through tree change, so that the yield of the tea-oil camellia is increased year by year; the growth space of the tea-oil trees is increased through 'garden improvement', nutrient competition of tea ridges on two adjacent sides to the tea-oil trees is reduced, and the change from tea-oil trees to tea-oil trees in the garden economy industry is gradually completed.
3. And when the tea-oil trees enter a rich period after interplanting, competition of nutrients and growth space is reduced by completely dredging tea ridges on two sides of the tea-oil lines, yield and quality of the tea-oil trees are improved, and meanwhile, soil deep-ploughing fertilization and hilling are carried out by combining the dredging tea ridges to realize long-term long-acting high yield and stable yield of the tea-oil trees. And (3) shaping in an interplanting mode, namely a high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode for interplanting two rows of tea leaves in the middle of every two rows of tea-oil trees.
4. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of no need of special instruments and equipment, no need of additional facilities, simplicity in operation, low cost, suitability for large-area popularization and use and remarkable economic and ecological benefit effect on increasing the unit area of the tea garden.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing tea garden interplanting of tea-oil trees;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of example 1 of tea garden interplanting oil tea plants 6 years later;
FIG. 3 shows a planting diagram of the "top-quality" character among the pollinated varieties of camellia oleifera seedlings (red is the pollinated variety, and blue is the main cultivated variety).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a 'two-to-one cultivation' efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and oil tea, which comprises the following steps:
digging field planting holes in the intervals of tea ridges in a tea-making garden for field planting oil tea seedlings in 10 months to 1 month in the next year; after field planting for one year, cutting at 50-60 cm of the trunk of the camellia oleifera seedling, transversely culturing two main branches between rows to form a Y-shaped plant type, and shaping and pruning the plant within three years to keep the Y-shaped plant type;
planting for the third, fourth and fifth years, and carrying out girdling on branches with the diameter of more than or equal to 1.2cm within 1-7 days after the branches are stopped for a little in spring every year, and spraying a flower promoting agent for 1-3 times before flower bud differentiation every year, wherein each time is 5-9 days; in the third year, in the middle of 9 months to the late of 9 months, tea ridges with half the width of the two sides of the oil tea are thinned, the width of each thinned tea ridge is 50-70 cm, first fertilization ditches with the width of 15-25 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm are dug on the two sides 25-35 cm away from the oil tea tree, the fertilization ditches are parallel to the tea tree, and soil and fertilization are carried out for the first time;
planting in the late autumn and early winter, thinning out tea ridges with the residual widths on two sides again, thinning out the tea ridges on each side, wherein the width of each tea ridge is 50-70 cm, digging a second fertilization ditch with the width of 35-45 cm and the depth of 35-35 cm at a position 20-40 cm away from the first fertilization ditch, wherein the fertilization ditch is parallel to the tea tree rows, and performing soil and fertilization for the second time; and then carrying out water and fertilizer management, keeping the crown diameter among tree crown rows less than 3m, the crown diameter among plants less than 1m, and the tree height less than 2.5m.
In the invention, the field planting holes are excavated in the intervals of tea ridges in the tea-making garden for 10 months to 1 month in the next year, and the oil tea seedlings are planted in the field; the tea garden is preferably provided with a gradient of less than 15 degrees, an area of more than 1 hectare, a gradient of more than 10 degrees and an area of more than 1 hectare, the width of the tea ridge planted in the tea garden is preferably 100-140 cm, more preferably 110-130 cm, still more preferably 115-125 cm, the distance between the tea ridges in the tea garden is preferably 30-50 cm, more preferably 35-45 cm, still more preferably 38-42 cm; preferably, planting holes are excavated between every two ridges with 4 tea ridges at intervals, the plant spacing of the excavated planting holes is preferably 130-170 cm, more preferably 140-160 cm, still more preferably 145-155 cm, the depth of the planting holes is preferably 55-65 cm, more preferably 58-62 cm, still more preferably 60cm, the diameter of the planting holes is preferably 30-50 cm, more preferably 35-45 cm, and still more preferably 40cm; the bottom soil for digging the planting hole is preferably mixed with organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, the surface soil is preferably mixed with potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, and the planting hole is sequentially filled back, wherein the organic fertilizer is preferably used in an amount of 4-6 kg, more preferably 4.5-5.5 kg, still more preferably 4.8-5.2 kg, the calcium superphosphate is preferably used in an amount of 0.05-0.15 kg, more preferably 0.06-0.14 kg, still more preferably 0.08-0.12 kg, and the potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is preferably used in an amount of 0.05-0.15 kg, more preferably 0.06-0.14 kg, and still more preferably 0.08-0.12 kg; the camellia oleifera seedling is preferably a 2-year-old grafted seedling, more preferably a 2-year-old improved variety grafted seedling cultivated by a deep pot light matrix with the height of a nutrition pot being more than 20cm, the improved variety requirement has better uprightness, and meets the requirement of a grade I seedling in GB/T26907-2011, and when the camellia oleifera seedling is subjected to field planting, the distance between a grafting opening and the ground is preferably 0.5-1.5 cm, more preferably 0.6-1.4 cm, and even more preferably 0.8-1.2 cm; the field planting soil covering requires that the edge is low and the inner side is high, the height is preferably different by 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, still more preferably 7-8 cm, watering is carried out after field planting of the camellia oleifera seedlings, and a silvery white or black plastic film is covered; the field planting of the camellia oleifera seedlings is preferably carried out every 6-8 main cultivars, 1 pollination cultivar is planted, the main cultivars and the pollination cultivars are selected according to the varieties published by forestry departments in various places, the selection and matching standard is carried out according to LY/T2678-2016 (camellia oleifera cultivar configuration technical specification), and the pollination cultivars are planted in a pattern of being 'quality' in the interline, as shown in figure 3.
In the invention, after one year of field planting, the trunk of the camellia oleifera seedling is cut off, two main branches are transversely cultivated between rows to form a Y-shaped plant type, and the plant is trimmed and kept in the Y-shaped plant type within three years of field planting; the trunk of the camellia oleifera seedling is preferably 50-60 cm in length, more preferably 52-58 cm in length, still more preferably 54-56 cm in length, and the pruning plant preferably comprises: when the buds of main branches germinate to more than 20cm in spring, removing the buds of the lower parts of the trunks, removing the excessive branches on the backs of the main branches in summer and winter every year, removing all buds 9-10 months every year, and reducing nutrient consumption; within three years of field planting, the water and fertilizer management is particularly preferably as follows: applying high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer at the vertical projection line of the crown in the last 2 to 3 months and the middle and last 5 months each year, deep digging a fertilization hole at 45 to 55cm between plants in the last 9 months each year, applying organic fertilizer and a potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 2 to 3 kg/plant, more preferably 2.2 to 2.8 kg/plant, still more preferably 2.4 to 2.6 kg/plant, the application time of the high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 150 to 200 times, the fertilization hole distance is further preferably 48 to 52cm, still more preferably 50cm, the specification of the fertilization hole is preferably 30X 30cm, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 4.5 to 5.5 kg/plant, still more preferably 4.6 to 5.4 kg/plant, still more preferably 4.8 to 5.2 kg/plant, the application amount of the potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer is preferably 45 to 50 g/plant, still more preferably 46 g to 48 g/plant, still more preferably 48g to 48 g/plant.
In the invention, the planting is carried out for the third, fourth and fifth years, after the branches are stopped and grown slightly every year in spring, the branches are cut in a ring, and before flower buds are differentiated every year, the flower promoting agent is sprayed every 5 to 9 days, so that the tea-oil tree is changed from nutrition growth to reproductive growth; the girdling time is preferably within 1-7 days after the spring is slightly stopped, more preferably within 2-6 days after the spring is slightly stopped, still more preferably within 3-5 days after the spring is slightly stopped, the diameter of the girdling branch is preferably not less than 1.2cm, more preferably not less than 1.4cm, still more preferably not less than 1.5cm, the girdling width is preferably 0.3-0.5 cm, more preferably 0.4cm, the girdling position is preferably 1-10 cm, more preferably 2-8 cm, still more preferably 4-6 cm from the basal part of the branch, the long and vigorous branch is completely girdled by a girdling knife with the width of 0.5cm, the girdling knife in the long and weak branch is spirally girdled by 1 spiral, and the spiral height is less than 1cm; the flower promoting agent is preferably a mixed solution of uniconazole, chlormequat chloride, monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate type foliar fertilizer, the concentration of uniconazole in the flower promoting agent is preferably 45-55 mg/L, more preferably 46-54 mg/L, still more preferably 48-52 mg/L, the concentration of chlormequat chloride is preferably 95-105 mg/L, more preferably 96-104 mg/L, still more preferably 98-102 mg/L, the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is preferably 1.5-2.5 g/L, more preferably 1.6-2.4 g/L, still more preferably 1.8-2.2 g/L, the concentration of potassium sulfate type foliar fertilizer is preferably 1.5-2.5 g/L, still more preferably 1.6-2.4 g/L, still more preferably 1.8-2.2 g/L, the single application amount of the flower promoting agent is preferably 20-30 mg/L, still more preferably 98-102 mg/L, the concentration of monopotassium phosphate is preferably 1.5-2.5 g/L, still more preferably 1.6-2.4 g/L, the number of spraying agent is preferably 1.8-2.5 g/mu, the number of spraying agent is preferably 1.8-9, the number of times per mu, each time is preferably 3-9 days, the flower promoting agent is preferably sprayed, and the time is preferably 1-9 days per mu.
In the invention, the tea ridges with half width at two sides of the oil tea are thinned in the third year, the middle ten days of 9 months and the late ten days of 9 months, the first fertilization grooves are dug at two sides of the oil tea tree, the fertilization grooves are parallel to the tea tree, and the first fertilization is carried out; the tea ridge thinning and removing method specifically and preferably comprises the following steps: after spring tea is harvested in the year, cutting the tea ridge for 5 to 6 months, and cutting the tea tree root in the middle and late 9 months, wherein the width of each tea ridge for thinning the tea ridge is preferably 50 to 70cm, more preferably 55 to 65cm, still more preferably 60cm, the first fertilization ditch is preferably 25 to 35cm, more preferably 28 to 32cm, still more preferably 30cm from the two sides of the tea tree, the first fertilization ditch is preferably 15 to 25cm, more preferably 18 to 22cm, still more preferably 20cm, and the first fertilization ditch depth is preferably 35 to 45cm, more preferably 38 to 42cm, and still more preferably 40cm; the first soil-banking and fertilizer-applying process is that organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate are filled into the bottom of a ditch, surface soil is backfilled, the bottom soil and potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are mixed and backfilled on the uppermost layer to form a banded stump, the edges of the banded stump are low, the middle is high, the highly preferred difference is 10-20 cm, the grafting opening is kept at 1-5 cm from the ground, if the pH value of soil is more than 6.5, 300 g/plant of sulfur powder is required to be uniformly mixed with the surface soil, the organic fertilizer dosage is preferably 8-12 kg/plant, more preferably 9-11 kg/plant, still more preferably 10 kg/plant, the calcium superphosphate dosage is preferably 0.5-1.5 kg/plant, still more preferably 0.6-1.4 kg/plant, still more preferably 0.8-1.2 kg/plant, the potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer dosage is preferably 0.3-0.7 kg, still more preferably 0.5kg, and the grafting opening distance is further preferably 2-4 cm from the ground.
In the invention, 1 bamboo pole is arranged in parallel between each tea-oil tree and the trunk before the tea-oil tree is planted for the third year and the summer later germinates, and a round hole is formed in the middle of each internode of each bamboo pole to increase pollinated insects and serve as pollinated insect nest; the height of the bamboo pole is preferably 1-2 m, more preferably 1.2-1.8 m, still more preferably 1.4-1.6 m, the thickness of the bamboo pole is preferably 3-5 cm, still more preferably 3.5-4.5 cm, still more preferably 4cm, and the diameter of the round hole is preferably 0.8-1 cm, still more preferably 0.9cm.
In the invention, at the end of autumn and winter of the sixth year, the tea ridges with the residual widths on the two sides are dredged again, a second fertilization ditch is dug, the fertilization ditch is parallel to the tea tree rows, and the second fertilization is carried out; the width of each side of the thinning tea ridge is preferably 50-70 cm, more preferably 55-65 cm, still more preferably 60cm, the second fertilization ditch is preferably excavated 20-40 cm away from the first fertilization ditch, more preferably 25-35 cm, still more preferably 30cm, the width of the second fertilization ditch is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 38-42 cm, still more preferably 40cm, the depth of the second fertilization ditch is preferably 35-45 cm, still more preferably 38-42 cm, and still more preferably 40cm; the second ridging fertilization is preferably that organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate are filled into the bottom of a ditch, surface soil is backfilled, the bottom soil and potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are mixed and backfilled on the uppermost layer, the height difference between the middle and the two sides of the camellia oleifera planting row is kept to be 8-12 cm, the organic fertilizer dosage is preferably 15-20 kg/plant, more preferably 16-19 kg/plant, still more preferably 17-18 kg/plant, the calcium superphosphate dosage is preferably 1-2 kg/plant, more preferably 1.2-1.8 kg/plant, still more preferably 1.4-1.6 kg/plant, and the potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer dosage is preferably 1-1.5 kg, more preferably 1.1-1.4 kg, still more preferably 1.2-1.3 kg.
In the invention, after the second soil-up and fertilizer-application, water and fertilizer management is carried out, the crown diameter between the crown rows is kept to be less than 3m, the crown diameter between the plant is kept to be less than 1m, and the tree height is kept to be less than 2.5m; the water fertilizer management is specifically and preferably as follows: applying high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer at 30-50 cm annular intervals along the vertical projection line of the crown in the last 2-3 months each year, applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer at 30-50 cm annular intervals along the vertical projection line of the crown in the last 5 months each year, applying high potassium water-soluble fertilizer and humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer at 30-50 cm annular intervals along the vertical projection line of the crown in the last 8 months each year, applying fertilizer in the vertical projection line of the crown in the next 10 months every 1-2 years, excavating fertilizer applying grooves along the vertical projection line of the crown, applying fertilizer in the same way as the first soil-banking fertilizer applying mode, wherein the application amount of the high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 3-5 kg/plant, more preferably 3.5-4.5 kg/plant, still more preferably 3.8-4.2 kg/plant, and the fertilizer applying depth is preferably 25-35 cm, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied is preferably from 28 to 32cm, more preferably from 30cm, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied is preferably from 3 to 5 kg/plant, more preferably from 3.5 to 4.5 kg/plant, more preferably from 3.8 to 4.2 kg/plant, the amount of the high-potassium-type water-soluble fertilizer applied is preferably from 3 to 7 kg/plant, more preferably from 4.5 to 5.5 kg/plant, the amount of the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer applied is preferably from 3 to 7 kg/plant, more preferably from 4 to 6 kg/plant, more preferably from 4.5 to 5.5 kg/plant, the width of the fertilization groove is preferably from 35 to 45cm, more preferably from 38 to 42cm, more preferably 40cm, the depth of the fertilization groove is preferably from 35 to 45cm, more preferably from 38 to 42cm, and more preferably 40cm.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The operations and treatment methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The yield measurements in the following examples were each in cells, each cell was measured as a land area of one mu, and 3 cells were measured as replicates and averaged. Wherein the statistics of tea yield are only the statistics of the yield of spring tea buds before 5 months each year; the yield of the tea-oil camellia is the yield of fresh fruits in the mature period of the tea-oil camellia every year.
Example 1
Implementation site: the mountain area Jiulongcun of the yaan city is a flat dam with the scale of 30 mu, the varieties of 'three flowers 1951' and 'Fu Xuan No. 9' tea trees planted in 2009 enter the rich period, the tea ridge width is 120cm, and the ridge spacing is 40cm.
Interplanting oil tea in 10 months in 2014, and interplanting 1 row of oil tea in every 4 rows of tea ridges. Digging planting holes with the depth of 60cm and the diameter of 40cm between tea ridges by utilizing earth drills according to the plant spacing of 150cm, placing surface soil and bottom soil separately, mixing 5kg of fully decomposed sheep manure and 0.1kg of calcium superphosphate with the bottom soil, filling the mixture into the bottoms of the planting holes, mixing 0.1kg of the surface soil with the potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and placing the mixture on the bottom soil to form a soil pile. The method comprises the steps of taking 'Changlin No. 3' and 'Changlin No. 40' with good erectability as main cultivars, taking 'Changlin No. 53' and 'Changlin No. 4' as pollination varieties, and selecting 2-year-old I-level seedlings planted in a nutrition pot light matrix of 10 multiplied by 20 cm. 1 pollination variety is planted every 8 main planting varieties during field planting, and the pollination varieties are planted in a shape of a Chinese character 'pin' or isosceles triangle between rows of the camellia oleifera. When the seedlings are planted, the grafting opening is exposed out of the soil surface by 1cm, the edge of the planting plate is low, the inner side is high, the height difference is 8cm, the planting plate is covered with silvery white/black plastic films after the planting is fully irrigated with root-fixing water.
In 2015, cutting at 60cm position of the main trunk of the camellia oleifera seedling, culturing 2 main branches at two sides between rows, culturing Y-shaped tree form, and wiping off branches and buds at the lower part of the main trunk when the buds of the main branches are germinated to be more than 20cm in spring. In the first 3 years, the overgrown branches on the back are removed in time each year, so that the main branches grow to the two sides between rows, and the buds are removed every 9-10 months, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced. Before spring tips germinate in the last ten days of 2 months to 3 months and before spring tips stop growing in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, a fertilizing gun is used for applying 2.5 kg/plant of organic water-soluble fertilizer (180-50-70) of 'Tukish No. 3' around root systems. Digging fertilizer holes with the specification of 30 multiplied by 30cm at 50cm between plants in middle and late 9 months, and applying fully decomposed sheep manure 5 kg/plant and American potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 50 g/plant.
And starting in 2017, carrying out girdling treatment on branches with the thickness of more than 1.2cm of the tea-oil tree in the position 5cm away from the base part 7 days after the early spring of 6 months is stopped slightly, carrying out complete girdling on branches with vigorous growth by using a girdling knife with the width of 0.5cm, carrying out spiral girdling on branches with moderate growth or weak growth by using a girdling knife with the length of 0.3cm for 1 spiral, and leading the spiral height to be less than 1cm. Meanwhile, before flower bud differentiation (in middle and late ten days of 6 months), the foliar is sprayed 1 time each with 25L/mu of a flower accelerant consisting of 50mg/L of uniconazole, 100mg/L of chlormequat chloride, 2g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 2g/L of potassium sulfate foliar fertilizer, so that the tea-oil tree is changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. In order to increase pollinating insects, 1 thick bamboo poles 1.5m high and 5cm thick are erected on each tea-oil tree in parallel with the trunk before the tea-oil tree germinates slightly in summer, and a round hole with the diameter of 1cm is formed in the middle of each bamboo pole internode to serve as pollinating insect nest.
And in the next 5 th of 2017, after the spring tea is harvested in the current year, mowing treatment is carried out on the tea ridges on two sides of the tea-oil tree, the tea ridges which are close to 60cm of the row of the tea-oil tree are all thinned out from the base, and the rest 60cm of the tea ridges are mowed and rejuvenated 40cm away from the ground. And (5) digging out the tea tree roots 60cm wide close to the tea-oil tree row in the middle and late 9 months of late autumn and early winter. And (3) combining with thinning tea trees, fertilizing by opening strip-shaped ditches with the width of 20cm and the depth of 40cm on two sides of the tea-oil trees, placing surface soil and bottom soil separately during ditching, applying 10kg of decomposed sheep manure to each tree, mixing with 1kg of calcium superphosphate, filling the mixture into the ditch bottom, and backfilling the surface soil. If the pH of the soil is more than 6.5, 300 g/plant of sulfur powder is required to be applied, and the soil is backfilled after being uniformly mixed with the surface soil. Backfilling the bottom soil mixed with 0.5kg of potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer on the uppermost surface to form a strip-shaped stump, and paying attention to the fact that a grafting port is exposed out of the soil surface; the edges of the banded stumps are low, the middle is high, and the height difference is 15cm.
In 10 months in 2020, after the tea-oil tree is planted in the field, at the end of autumn and winter, two tea ridges on two sides of the tea-oil tree are all thinned, only two rows of tea ridges are reserved between two adjacent rows of tea-oil trees, a strip-shaped ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 40cm is formed for fertilization while thinning the tea ridges, and secondary earthing is carried out, wherein 17.5 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 1.5 kg/plant of calcium superphosphate are filled into the bottom of the ditch, surface soil is backfilled, the bottom soil and 1.25kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are mixed and backfilled on the uppermost layer, the height of the middle of the tea-oil tree planting row is kept low, the height is preferably different by 10cm, and the strip-shaped ridge with the width of 2.5m is formed in the tea-oil tree row after earthing, and the middle of the strip-shaped ditch is 12cm higher than the ground. Then 4 kg/plant of organic water-soluble fertilizer (180-50-70) of 'Tukish No. 3' is applied to the tree along the crown projection line at intervals of 50cm by using a fertilizer gun before the spring tips sprout at the beginning of 2 months to 3 months each year, and the fertilization depth is about 30cm; after spring tips stop growing in late 5 months, 4 kg/plant of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (80-50-70) of kissing soil No. 3 is applied by a fertilizer gun in the same method; applying 5 kg/plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (110-50-1400) of kissing soil No. 3 and 5 kg/plant of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (30-70-100) by using a fertilizing gun after rapid swelling of fruits in late 8 months; and (3) fertilizing the fruits in the middle and late 10 months by opening a strip-shaped ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 40cm along the projection line of the crown every 2 years after harvesting, wherein the fertilizing types and the fertilizing methods are the same as described above. Meanwhile, the control crowns are retracted in time after the fruits are harvested every year, the crown diameter among tree crown rows is kept to be smaller than 3m, the crown diameter among plants is kept to be smaller than 1m, and the height of the control tree is kept to be smaller than 2.5m.
Table 1 example 1 statistical table of yield changes after interplanting tea-oil camellia in tea garden
Table 1 gives annual tea-oil camellia and tea yield data collected for 8 consecutive years for practical proximity to conventional and non-interplanting controls, treated in example 1. Yield data are averages of 3 cell measurements. The method has no influence on tea yield in tea gardens within 3 years after interplanting, and has certain tea yield (96.1 kg/mu) at the beginning of the third year after interplanting; starting in the fourth year after interplanting, the tea yield slightly decreases along with the partial thinning of the tea ridge and nutrient competition of the growth of the tea tree, but the tea yield obviously increases along with the age of the tree (the sixth year of interplanting reaches 406.7 kg/mu). After the tea ridges are further thinned and removed in autumn in the sixth year, the tea yield is reduced from the seventh year after the interplanting, but the tea yield is increased, and the tea yield is basically stable (the tea yield per mu is 591.3 kg/mu and the tea yield per mu is 15.9 kg/mu) in the eighth year after the interplanting (Table 1).
In terms of labor investment of tea garden management, the management of the oil tea is simple within 3 years after interplanting, and basically, the investment is not needed too much. With the tea-oil tree yield, the tea-ridge is partially and completely thinned, the labor cost for picking tea is reduced although the tea yield is reduced to a certain extent, and the comprehensive income from interplanting tea-oil trees in tea gardens to a stable yield period is reduced.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and oil tea is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
digging field planting holes in the intervals of tea ridges in a tea-making garden for field planting oil tea seedlings in 10 months to 1 month in the next year; after field planting for one year, cutting at 50-60 cm of the trunk of the camellia oleifera seedling, transversely culturing two main branches between rows to form a Y-shaped plant type, and shaping and pruning the plant within three years to keep the Y-shaped plant type;
planting for the third, fourth and fifth years, and carrying out girdling on branches with the diameter of more than or equal to 1.2cm within 1-7 days after the branches are stopped for a little in spring every year, and spraying a flower promoting agent for 1-3 times before flower bud differentiation every year, wherein each time is 5-9 days; in the third year, in the middle of 9 months to the late of 9 months, tea ridges with half the width of the two sides of the oil tea are thinned, the width of each thinned tea ridge is 50-70 cm, first fertilization ditches with the width of 15-25 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm are dug on the two sides 25-35 cm away from the oil tea tree, the fertilization ditches are parallel to the tea tree, and soil and fertilization are carried out for the first time;
planting in the late autumn and early winter, thinning out tea ridges with the residual widths on two sides again, thinning out the tea ridges on each side, wherein the width of each tea ridge is 50-70 cm, digging a second fertilization ditch with the width of 35-45 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm at a position 20-40 cm away from the first fertilization ditch, wherein the fertilization ditch is parallel to the tea tree rows, and performing soil and fertilization for the second time; then applying high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer at intervals of 30-50 cm along vertical projection lines at two sides of the crown in the next 2 months to 3 months each year, applying 3-5 kg/plant at intervals of 25-35 cm in fertilization depth, applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer at intervals of 30-50 cm along the vertical projection lines of the crown in the next 5 months each year, applying 3-5 kg/plant at intervals of 3-5 kg/plant in the next 8 months each year, applying high potassium water-soluble fertilizer and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer at intervals of 30-50 cm along the vertical projection lines of the crown in the next 8 months each of 3-7 kg/plant in the interval of 30-50 cm in the crown, excavating fertilization ditches with widths of 35-45 cm and depths of 35-45 cm along the vertical projection lines of the crown, and applying fertilizer in the same fertilization mode as the first soil fertilization mode, wherein crown spacing is kept less than 3m, crown spacing between the plant is less than 1m, and tree height is less than 2.5m;
within three years of field planting, the pruning plants comprise: when the buds of main branches germinate to more than 20cm in spring, removing the buds of the lower parts of the trunks, removing the excessive branches on the backs of the main branches in summer and winter every year, and removing all buds 9-10 months every year;
within three years of field planting, the water and fertilizer management specifically comprises: applying high nitrogen water soluble fertilizer at the vertical projection line of the crown of the tree in the middle and late 2-3 months and 5 months each year, applying 2-3 kg/plant, deep digging a fertilization hole of 30X 30cm at 45-55 cm of oil tea between plants in the middle and late 9 months each year, and applying 4.5-5.5 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 45-50 g/plant of American potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer;
the girdling width is 0.3-0.5 cm; the flower-promoting agent is a mixed solution of 45-55 mg/L uniconazole, 95-105 mg/L chlormequat chloride, 1.5-2.5 g/L monopotassium phosphate and 1.5-2.5 g/L potassium sulfate type foliar fertilizer, the single application amount is 20-30L/mu, and the thinning tea ridge specifically comprises: after the spring tea is harvested in the same year, mowing the tea ridge for 5-6 months, and digging out the tea tree root in the middle and late 9 months;
the first ridging and fertilizing is that 8-12 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 0.5-1.5 kg/plant of calcium superphosphate are filled into the trench bottom, surface soil is backfilled, the bottom soil and 0.3-0.7 kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are mixed and backfilled on the uppermost layer, and the distance between a grafting opening and the ground is kept to be 1-5 cm;
and the second ridging and fertilizing are that 15-20 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg/plant of calcium superphosphate are filled into the trench bottom, surface soil is backfilled, the bottom soil and 1-1.5 kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer are mixed and backfilled on the uppermost layer, the middle height and the two sides of the camellia oleifera planting row are kept low, and the height difference is 8-12 cm.
2. The efficient cultivation method for tea and oil tea interplanting according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the production tea garden is less than 15 degrees, the area is more than 1 hectare, the width of the planted tea ridge is 100-140 cm, and the distance between the tea ridges is 30-50 cm.
3. The efficient cultivation method for tea and oil tea interplanting of the two-to-one cultivation method is characterized in that planting holes are excavated between every two ridges of 4 tea ridges at a plant spacing of 130-170 cm, the planting hole depth is 55-65 cm, the planting hole diameter is 30-50 cm, excavated subsoil is mixed with 4-6 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.05-0.15 kg of calcium superphosphate, surface soil is mixed with 0.05-0.15 kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, and the planting holes are filled back in sequence; the oil tea seedlings are 2-year-old grafted seedlings, and the grafting opening is kept 0.5-1.5 cm away from the ground for planting; watering after field planting, and covering with silver white or black plastic film.
4. The efficient cultivation method for tea and oil tea interplanting 'two-to-one cultivation' according to claim 1, wherein the field planting of the oil tea seedlings is performed at intervals of 6-8 main cultivation varieties, 1 pollination variety is planted, and the pollination variety is planted in a 'quality' shape between lines.
5. The efficient cultivation method for tea and oil tea interplanting 'two-to-one cultivation' according to claim 1, wherein 1 bamboo pole with the height of 1-2 m and the thickness of 3-5 cm is erected in parallel with the trunk of each tea-oil tree plant in the third year before the tea-oil tree plant germinates in summer, and a round hole with the diameter of 0.8-1 cm is formed in the middle of each internode of each bamboo pole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310108718.1A CN116076295B (en) | 2023-02-14 | 2023-02-14 | Efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and tea-oil tree |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310108718.1A CN116076295B (en) | 2023-02-14 | 2023-02-14 | Efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and tea-oil tree |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116076295A CN116076295A (en) | 2023-05-09 |
| CN116076295B true CN116076295B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
Family
ID=86186781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310108718.1A Active CN116076295B (en) | 2023-02-14 | 2023-02-14 | Efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and tea-oil tree |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116076295B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116686711B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2024-05-28 | 四川农业大学 | Method for sterilizing explants of common oil tea tissue culture |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010193790A (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Jcam Agri Co Ltd | Method for cultivating tea plant |
| CN104396498A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-11 | 南丹县农业局 | After-tobacco interplanted autumn corn high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104756744A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-08 | 雅安太时生物科技有限公司 | Method for interplanting tea garden with camellia oleifera |
| CN105746277A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-13 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Compound planting method for apocarya young stand and white tea |
| CN106416873A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 广西壮族自治区桂林茶叶科学研究所 | Method for planting tea trees |
| CN108849178A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-11-23 | 苏建华 | A method of cultivation tea oil tree |
| CN109792916A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-24 | 黄玲枝 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN111919652A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-13 | 广西昭平县古书茶业有限公司 | Interplanting method of tea leaves and camellia oleifera |
| GB202114541D0 (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-24 | Agricultural Environmental Resources Res Institute Yunnan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | Cultivation method of seedling from seed of wild ancient tea tree and method for preparing seedling tea |
| CN113692907A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-26 | 赣州市林业科学研究所 | Ecological three-dimensional interplanting method for mountain camellia oleifera, cyperus esculentus and daylily |
| CN115299286A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-08 | 四川农业大学 | Method for culturing crown of young tea tree of large-leaf tea |
-
2023
- 2023-02-14 CN CN202310108718.1A patent/CN116076295B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010193790A (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Jcam Agri Co Ltd | Method for cultivating tea plant |
| CN104396498A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-11 | 南丹县农业局 | After-tobacco interplanted autumn corn high-yield cultivation method |
| CN108849178A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-11-23 | 苏建华 | A method of cultivation tea oil tree |
| CN104756744A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-08 | 雅安太时生物科技有限公司 | Method for interplanting tea garden with camellia oleifera |
| CN105746277A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-13 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Compound planting method for apocarya young stand and white tea |
| CN106416873A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 广西壮族自治区桂林茶叶科学研究所 | Method for planting tea trees |
| CN109792916A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-24 | 黄玲枝 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN111919652A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-13 | 广西昭平县古书茶业有限公司 | Interplanting method of tea leaves and camellia oleifera |
| GB202114541D0 (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-24 | Agricultural Environmental Resources Res Institute Yunnan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | Cultivation method of seedling from seed of wild ancient tea tree and method for preparing seedling tea |
| CN113692907A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-26 | 赣州市林业科学研究所 | Ecological three-dimensional interplanting method for mountain camellia oleifera, cyperus esculentus and daylily |
| CN115299286A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-08 | 四川农业大学 | Method for culturing crown of young tea tree of large-leaf tea |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 北方地区茶园栽培管理技术总结;陆发利;郝亮;刘莉;阚荣飞;王媛媛;;农村实用科技信息;20130615(06);5 * |
| 底圩乡积极探索"茶叶+油茶"套种新模式;广南县融媒体中心;视听广南GNTV;20221101;1 * |
| 日本茶叶生产现代化及其特点;林心炯;福建农业科技;19831201(06);43-44 * |
| 林下套种对老龄油茶产量及林地土壤养分的影响;毛云飞;石兴华;谢爱香;钟子龙;严志伟;;江苏林业科技;20200815(04);36-39 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116076295A (en) | 2023-05-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110150014B (en) | Industrialized planting method of Or | |
| CN102907249B (en) | Cultivation method of mulberry for improving mountainous regions suffered from stony desertification | |
| CN105660305B (en) | The method that a kind of light letter of newly-built vineyard soil of hilly upland efficiently manages | |
| CN103766126B (en) | Method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in numerically-controlled greenhouse | |
| CN113068562A (en) | Grafting method for dwarf apples | |
| CN104542147A (en) | High-yield and cultivation method of Juhuaxin pomelo | |
| CN106416869A (en) | Red date cultivation technology applied to arid and semi-arid regions | |
| CN102939849A (en) | High-yield planting method for watermelons | |
| CN108718862B (en) | Apple branch and large seedling cultivation method | |
| CN103814717A (en) | Pine tree stock plant cultivating method | |
| CN116076295B (en) | Efficient cultivation method for interplanting tea and tea-oil tree | |
| CN104855224A (en) | Planting method for achieving continuous high and stable almond yield under intercropping condition | |
| CN113079924A (en) | Method for mixed cultivation of fast-growing eucalyptus and acacia melanoxylon | |
| CN102870566A (en) | Mulberry orchard establishment method by level planting of overall mulberry seedlings | |
| CN108012749A (en) | Oil uses tree peony high-yield planting method | |
| CN109496517A (en) | A kind of oil Cultivate administration technology of tree peony | |
| CN108668870B (en) | High-yield cultivation method for northern pear trees | |
| CN104206130A (en) | Method for interplanting maize and red cluster peppers | |
| CN113261465A (en) | Rapid citrus orchard establishment method | |
| CN109328894B (en) | Space layout and cultivation method of forage grass for sheep | |
| CN106358923A (en) | Method for planting red pomelo with high yield | |
| CN110140584A (en) | A kind of method for building up of apocarya fruit and timber forest | |
| CN114847070A (en) | Novel tree-shaped construction method beneficial to simple formation and high yield of pepper | |
| CN111133945B (en) | High-benefit intercropping cultivation method for apricot trees in sandy soil barren land | |
| CN112005802A (en) | Method for quickly building tea garden in alpine mountain area |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |