CN115399457B - 一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115399457B CN115399457B CN202211071748.1A CN202211071748A CN115399457B CN 115399457 B CN115399457 B CN 115399457B CN 202211071748 A CN202211071748 A CN 202211071748A CN 115399457 B CN115399457 B CN 115399457B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lotus root
- powder
- juice
- residues
- whole powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 26
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009700 powder processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001599 direct drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000291 postprandial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/01—Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/03—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole pieces or fragments without mashing the original pieces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
- A23L5/13—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/34—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using microwaves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/41—Retaining or modifying natural colour by use of additives, e.g. optical brighteners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于农产品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法。制备方法包括:新鲜莲藕压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;将藕汁与柠檬酸、抗坏血酸和/或多酚提取物混合均质,获得调配后的藕汁;将调配后的藕汁进行浓缩,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;将藕渣加热,获得湿藕渣;将湿藕渣干燥至水分含量低于10%,获得干藕渣;将干藕渣进行粉碎,获得高纤维粉B;速溶粉A与高纤维粉B混合,得到莲藕全粉。本发明分别对藕汁和藕渣进行制粉,通过两种粉的复配比例能调控产品的冲调性和营养品质,满足加工和消费的不同需求;本发明直接在藕汁中添加柠檬酸和/或抗坏血酸护色,增加护色效果并减少消耗,同时能强化产品中酸味物质和营养物质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农产品加工技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法。
背景技术
藕粉通常指莲藕淀粉,多为表面光滑、平整的椭圆形颗粒,需要经过清洗、粉碎、分离、脱水干燥等步骤制备,其风味和营养价值与藕本身相差甚远。莲藕中含有丰富的生物活性成分,尤其是多酚、多糖和膳食纤维,但在藕粉加工过程中损失殆尽。藕粉在莲藕产品体系中占有重要地位,但其营养价值偏低、生产资源消耗和浪费严重、生产成本较高,在一定程度上限制其生产和市场规模。此外,藕粉产品时有掺入其他淀粉和原料以降低成本销售,导致消费信任度大幅降低,产业发展面临巨大挑战。
相比于传统藕粉,全藕粉最大限度地保留莲藕的营养成分,其生产成本低且资源利用率高。全藕粉用途广泛,在产品特性上与藕淀粉相近,不仅可以作为最终产品,也能作为原辅料用于各种食品加工,制成营养丰富、多品种、多风味的方便食品,使莲藕的营养价值和保健功能得到充分发挥,具有良好的开发应用前景。
目前,莲藕全粉研究主要关注其护色前处理、干燥工艺和产品研发。比如,采用热风干制藕片并粉碎加工制备全藕粉,研究优化有机酸护色前处理以改善产品的色泽(张美霞,2012);采用喷雾干燥法代替传统的烘干法,并优化护色前处理和喷雾干燥工艺,解决产品褐变和喷雾干燥时易粘壁结缕的问题(刘建学,2006);研究优化全藕粉生产的有机酸护色和滚筒干燥工艺,并进一步挤压造粒制备具有良好溶解性的冲调产品(刘友锦,2015);以超微粉碎藕粉为原料研发具有良好色泽、风味与稳定性的速溶型冲调产品(韩卓等,2012)。然而,关于全藕粉的品质问题仍有待于进一步改善,比如较高的淀粉含量易导致餐后血糖增加,不溶性膳食纤维含量高易降低产品的冲调特性,以及传统热加工方式易造成酚类物质损失。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述问题,提供一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法。该制备方法能有效提高莲藕资源利用率,改善全粉产品的营养特性和冲调特性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的第一方面提供一种莲藕全粉的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
(1)新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
(2)将步骤(1)所得藕汁与柠檬酸、抗坏血酸和/或多酚提取物混合均质,获得调配后的藕汁;
(3)将步骤(2)所得调配后的藕汁进行浓缩,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
(4)将步骤(1)所得藕渣蒸汽加热或微波加热,获得湿藕渣;
(5)将步骤(4)所得湿藕渣干燥至水分含量低于10%,获得干藕渣;
(6)将步骤(5)所得干藕渣进行粉碎,获得高纤维粉B;
(7)将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B进行混合,任选地添加辅料,任选地造粒,得到所述莲藕全粉。
作为优选方案,步骤(1)中,压榨的方式为螺旋压榨。
作为优选方案,步骤(2)中,相对于所述藕汁的重量,其他各组分的加入量为:柠檬酸0.05%~0.1%、抗坏血酸0.05%~0.1%、多酚提取物0.1~0.3%。
作为优选方案,步骤(2)中,所述多酚提取物选自莲藕多酚、茶多酚和苹果多酚中的至少一种。
作为优选方案,步骤(2)中,混合均质在高剪切乳化罐中进行。
作为优选方案,步骤(3)中,将步骤(2)所得调配后的藕汁在50~60℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/4~1/2。
作为优选方案,步骤(4)中,蒸汽加热的温度为110~130℃,时间为10~30min。
作为优选方案,步骤(4)中,微波加热的功率为500~800W,时间为4~8min。
作为优选方案,步骤(5)中,在真空干燥箱中进行干燥,干燥的温度为55~65℃。
作为优选方案,步骤(6)中,采用超微粉碎机对干藕渣进行粉碎,至其粒径为100~200目。
作为优选方案,步骤(7)中,速溶粉A与高纤维粉B的质量比为1:1~3。
作为优选方案,步骤(7)中,辅料包括甜味剂、其他果粉。
本发明的第二方面提供由上述的制备方法获得的莲藕全粉。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)现有的莲藕全粉加工方式可分为两种:其一是将莲藕制备成浆液后干燥并粉碎;其二是将莲藕切片/块干燥后粉碎。相关工艺主要关注莲藕的全利用,但较高的不溶性膳食纤维含量影响全粉的凝胶性和水溶性,导致产品冲调性差并限制其应用。本发明分别对藕汁和藕渣进行制粉,其中藕汁加工粉具有优异的冲调性,而藕渣加工粉富含膳食纤维,通过两种粉的复配比例能调控产品的冲调性和营养品质,满足加工和消费的不同需求。
(2)现有莲藕全粉加工的护色工艺主要是将藕片/块浸没于护色溶液中数小时,该方法存在莲藕营养物质流失严重且消耗大量护色剂和生产用水。本发明直接在藕汁中添加柠檬酸和/或抗坏血酸护色,增加护色效果并减少消耗,同时能强化产品中酸味物质和营养物质。
(3)向藕汁中添加膳食多酚,并在50~60℃下真空浓缩。真空浓缩过程主要达到两个目的:其一是蒸发水分,浓缩藕汁;其二是促进多酚和淀粉的结合,提高淀粉的消化抗性和多酚的稳定性与消化缓释性。藕汁在50~60℃常压加热,淀粉会糊化形成凝胶,粘度过高无法进行喷雾干燥。而藕汁在50~60℃真空加热,淀粉轻度糊化,但不会形成凝胶,有利于淀粉与多酚的结合,并适于下一步的喷雾干燥。
(4)采用蒸汽加热和微波加热处理湿藕渣,能实现膳食纤维的改性,提升可溶性多糖的含量,增加藕渣加工粉的溶解性,从而在保证莲藕复配全粉冲调性的前提下提高全粉中膳食纤维含量。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
图1示出了莲藕全粉样品的扫描电镜图。
图2示出了莲藕全粉样品模拟小肠消化过程中的多酚释放曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。虽然以下描述了本发明的优选实施方式,然而应该理解,可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反,提供这些实施方式是为了使本发明更加透彻和完整,并且能够将本发明的范围完整地传达给本领域的技术人员。
对比例1:
新鲜莲藕经洗净、清除根须和切片后置于-18℃预冻,然后转入真空度低于30.0Pa、温度-40℃的冷冻干燥机中干燥24h,采用高速粉碎机制成粒径为100~200目的全粉样品1。
对比例2:
新鲜莲藕经洗净、清除根须和切片后65℃热风干燥至水分含量低于10%,采用高速粉碎机制成全粉样品2。
对比例3:
a、新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,螺旋压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
b、将步骤a所得藕汁在60℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/3,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
c、将步骤a所得藕渣在60℃真空干燥至水分含量低于10%,粉碎至其粒径为100~200目获得高纤维粉B;
d、将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B按质量比1:3进行混合,得到莲藕全粉样品3。
对比例4:
a、新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,螺旋压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
b、向步骤a所得藕汁中添加0.2%的茶多酚,在高剪切乳化罐中混合均质,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
c、将步骤a所得藕渣在60℃真空干燥至水分含量低于10%,粉碎至其粒径为100~200目获得高纤维粉B;
d、将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B按质量比1:3进行混合,得到莲藕全粉样品4。
对比例5:
a、新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,螺旋压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
b、向步骤a所得藕汁中添加0.2%的茶多酚,在高剪切乳化罐中混合均质,在60℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/3,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
c、将步骤a所得藕渣在60℃真空干燥至水分含量低于10%,粉碎至其粒径为100~200目获得高纤维粉B;
d、将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B按质量比1:3进行混合,得到莲藕全粉样品5。
对比例6:
a、新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,螺旋压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
b、向步骤a所得藕汁中加入0.2%普鲁兰酶于60℃酶解30min,酶解结束后再添加0.2%的茶多酚,在高剪切乳化罐中混合均质,在60℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/3,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
c、将步骤a所得藕渣在60℃真空干燥至水分含量低于10%,粉碎至其粒径为100~200目获得高纤维粉B;
d、将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B按质量比1:3进行混合,得到莲藕全粉样品6。
对比例7:
a、新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,螺旋压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
b、向步骤a所得藕汁中加入0.2%普鲁兰酶于60℃酶解30min,酶解结束后再添加0.2%的茶多酚,在高剪切乳化罐中混合均质,在60℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/3,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
c、将步骤a所得藕渣经过120℃蒸汽处理20min,在60℃真空干燥至水分含量低于10%,粉碎至其粒径为100~200目获得高纤维粉B;
d、将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B按质量比1:3进行混合,得到莲藕全粉样品7。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种莲藕全粉的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
(1)新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,螺旋压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
(2)将步骤(1)所得藕汁与柠檬酸、茶多酚在高剪切乳化罐中混合均质,获得调配后的藕汁;相对于所述藕汁的重量,其他各组分的加入量为:柠檬酸0.1%、茶多酚0.2%。
(3)将步骤(2)所得调配后的藕汁在60℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/3,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
(4)将步骤(1)所得藕渣蒸汽加热(120℃,20min),获得湿藕渣;
(5)将步骤(4)所得湿藕渣在真空干燥箱中65℃下干燥至水分含量低于10%,获得干藕渣;
(6)将步骤(5)所得干藕渣进行粉碎,至其粒径为100~200目,获得高纤维粉B;
(7)将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B以质量比为1:1进行混合得到所述莲藕全粉样品8。
参见图1,为莲藕全粉样品的扫描电镜图,其中,样品1、样品3的标尺为10μm;样品2、样品8的标尺为5μm。样品1中纤维成片层状,样品2结构较为紧密,样品3中纤维碎片化,相比传统的直接干燥制粉工艺,将藕汁和藕渣分别制粉后混合能改善产品的分散性和润胀性;样品1-3的淀粉颗粒表面相对平滑,而样品8的淀粉颗粒表面有明显的酚类物质附着层,实现多酚的负载和消化缓释;样品8中的高纤维粉B混合比例小且采用高温处理,图中可见的纤维碎片小且少,有利于淀粉凝胶的形成和稳定。
2、莲藕全粉模拟小肠消化过程中的多酚释放检测
取100mg莲藕全粉于15mL离心中,加入10mL人工肠液,充分混匀后置于37℃振荡消化0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5或3.0h。4℃下离心分离(10000r/min、15min)肠消化样液,采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定其游离酚含量。
参见图2,为莲藕全粉样品模拟小肠消化过程中的多酚释放曲线。比较样品1-3发现,样品3中多酚的消化释放速率较慢,说明将藕汁和藕渣分别制粉后混合有利于多酚的缓释,提供生物利用率。比较样品4和5发现,藕汁添加茶多酚后经真空浓缩能有效延缓全粉中多酚的消化释放。而样品6和样品7的多酚消化释放速率明显高于样品4和样品5,说明莲藕淀粉酶解脱支不利于调控多酚的缓释。样品8中含有较高比例的高多酚负载速溶粉A,多酚的释放量显著高于其他7个样品。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。
Claims (8)
1.一种莲藕全粉的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括:
(1)新鲜莲藕经洗净并清除根须后切块,压榨分离,获得藕汁和藕渣;
(2)将步骤(1)所得藕汁与柠檬酸和多酚提取物混合均质,获得调配后的藕汁;
相对于所述藕汁的重量,其他各组分的加入量为:
柠檬酸0.05%~0.1%、多酚提取物0.1~0.3%;
(3)将步骤(2)所得调配后的藕汁在50~60℃下真空浓缩至原体积的1/4~1/2,喷雾干燥,获得速溶粉A;
(4)将步骤(1)所得藕渣蒸汽加热,获得湿藕渣;
(5)将步骤(4)所得湿藕渣干燥至水分含量低于10%,获得干藕渣;
(6)将步骤(5)所得干藕渣进行粉碎,获得高纤维粉B;
(7)将速溶粉A与高纤维粉B进行混合,任选地添加辅料,任选地造粒,得到所述莲藕全粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕全粉的制备方法,其中,步骤(1)中,压榨的方式为螺旋压榨。
3.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕全粉的制备方法,其中,步骤(2)中,
所述多酚提取物选自莲藕多酚、茶多酚和苹果多酚中的至少一种;
混合均质在高剪切乳化罐中进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕全粉的制备方法,其中,步骤(4)中,
蒸汽加热的温度为110~130℃,时间为10~30 min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕全粉的制备方法,其中,步骤(5)中,
在真空干燥箱中进行干燥,干燥的温度为55~65℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕全粉的制备方法,其中,步骤(6)中,
采用超微粉碎机对干藕渣进行粉碎,至其粒径为100~200目。
7.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕全粉的制备方法,其中,步骤(7)中,
速溶粉A与高纤维粉B的质量比为1:1~3;
辅料包括甜味剂、其他果粉。
8.由权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的制备方法获得的莲藕全粉。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211071748.1A CN115399457B (zh) | 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-02 | 一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211071748.1A CN115399457B (zh) | 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-02 | 一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115399457A CN115399457A (zh) | 2022-11-29 |
CN115399457B true CN115399457B (zh) | 2023-12-12 |
Family
ID=84163790
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211071748.1A Active CN115399457B (zh) | 2022-09-02 | 2022-09-02 | 一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115399457B (zh) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR960040205A (ko) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-12-17 | 이성오 | 연근을 주재료로한 음료의 그 제조방법 |
KR20030005094A (ko) * | 2002-11-20 | 2003-01-15 | 김병곤 | 연근을 이용한 연근분말 제조방법 |
CN103284276A (zh) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-11 | 三峡大学 | 一种制备不变色食用块茎果汁速溶粉的方法 |
CN103330252A (zh) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-02 | 武汉轻工大学 | 莲藕全利用的生产加工方法及产品 |
CN103652726A (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-26 | 浙江一派食品有限公司 | 一种基于莲藕全利用的藕粉制作工艺 |
CN105124481A (zh) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 华中农业大学 | 一种高膳食纤维全藕粉的制备方法 |
CN107897787A (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-04-13 | 江南大学 | 一种全藕汁和全藕粉的制备方法 |
CN113444755A (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-28 | 浙江省农业科学院 | 利用多酚和生物酶复合改性藕粉制备慢消化淀粉的方法 |
CN114947128A (zh) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-30 | 天津科技大学 | 一种石榴皮活性物质-淀粉包埋物及其在食品中的应用 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-02 CN CN202211071748.1A patent/CN115399457B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR960040205A (ko) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-12-17 | 이성오 | 연근을 주재료로한 음료의 그 제조방법 |
KR20030005094A (ko) * | 2002-11-20 | 2003-01-15 | 김병곤 | 연근을 이용한 연근분말 제조방법 |
CN103284276A (zh) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-11 | 三峡大学 | 一种制备不变色食用块茎果汁速溶粉的方法 |
CN103330252A (zh) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-02 | 武汉轻工大学 | 莲藕全利用的生产加工方法及产品 |
CN103652726A (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-26 | 浙江一派食品有限公司 | 一种基于莲藕全利用的藕粉制作工艺 |
CN105124481A (zh) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 华中农业大学 | 一种高膳食纤维全藕粉的制备方法 |
CN107897787A (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-04-13 | 江南大学 | 一种全藕汁和全藕粉的制备方法 |
CN113444755A (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-28 | 浙江省农业科学院 | 利用多酚和生物酶复合改性藕粉制备慢消化淀粉的方法 |
CN114947128A (zh) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-30 | 天津科技大学 | 一种石榴皮活性物质-淀粉包埋物及其在食品中的应用 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
微波改性对燕麦麸膳食纤维结构及功能性质的影响;吴丽萍 等;中国食品学报;第21卷(第9期);30-37 * |
淀粉-多酚复合物理化及功能特性的研究进展;赵蓓蓓 等;食品科学;第39卷(第13期);297-303 * |
高压蒸汽作用对梨渣膳食纤维改性的研究;常世敏 等;食品工业;第40卷(第2期);130-133 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN115399457A (zh) | 2022-11-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103478533B (zh) | 一种富含葛根素的速溶葛粉及其制备方法 | |
CN102835706A (zh) | 一种芒果浆的增香方法 | |
CN105475796B (zh) | 一种速溶饮料粉末的制备方法 | |
CN109105822A (zh) | 一种魔芋精粉的加工方法 | |
CN105581246A (zh) | 一种翡翠面条的加工工艺 | |
CN108294261A (zh) | 一种富含抗性淀粉的葛根粉及其加工方法 | |
CN101548761A (zh) | 一种红薯全粉的加工方法 | |
CN104543846A (zh) | 一种速溶南瓜粉的制备方法 | |
CN105595244A (zh) | 一种高纯度速溶果粉的制备方法 | |
CN106071627B (zh) | 一种紫薯桑葚速溶粉的制备方法 | |
CN111096447A (zh) | 银耳浆及其制备方法和应用、增稠剂及其制备方法 | |
CN103549240B (zh) | 基于竹笋膳食纤维制备食品乳化剂的方法和产品 | |
CN107090478B (zh) | 一种从香菇柄中提取水溶性膳食纤维的方法 | |
CN102823896B (zh) | 富含海带膳食纤维的膨化食品及其生产方法 | |
CN109259128A (zh) | 一种火龙果粉及其加工方法 | |
CN109320618A (zh) | 一种挤压膨化协同碱法提高谷物类淀粉提取率的方法 | |
CN115399457B (zh) | 一种莲藕全粉及其制备方法 | |
CN105146503B (zh) | 酶解化香菇柄超微粉及制备方法 | |
AU2020283737A1 (en) | Method of producing red seaweed sourced food ingredient and product obtained by the method | |
CN108523038A (zh) | 一种脱腥海藻粉的制备方法 | |
CN103947979A (zh) | 速溶全藕粉及其制备方法 | |
CN108669491A (zh) | 一种菠萝全果粉及其制备方法 | |
CN108477662A (zh) | 一种白肋烟特色再造烟叶的制造工艺 | |
CN108294260A (zh) | 一种莲藕粉及其加工方法 | |
CN105725126A (zh) | 一种具有保健功效的速溶槟榔芋粉及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |