CN114208579A - High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for red oranges - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for red oranges Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of red orange cultivation, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield red orange cultivation method, which divides the cultivation period of red oranges into a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip sprouting period, a flowering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expanding period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning and ripening period within a natural year. According to the stage characteristics of the fruit seedlings in each period, the targeted farming operation and fertilizer and water management are assisted, so that the fruit yield is improved, and the high-quality red orange varieties are promoted to enter the market in large quantity; the red orange seedlings mainly bear spring tip short branches, and also bear a part of non-leaf branches; the fruit begins to be colored at the bottom of 12 months, the fruit is colored 80% in the middle of 1 month in the next year, the single fruit is 200 plus 250g from the middle of 1 month to the middle of 2 months in the mature period, the mature period of the fruit is close to the spring festival, and the fruit is deeply loved by consumers when being used as a fresh fruit; the cultivation economic benefit is very high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of red orange cultivation, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield red orange cultivation method.
Background
Red oranges are the origin in the northern part of africa and the southern part of europe, in mediterranean coastal countries. There are a lot of cultivations in every part of China. The main producing areas in China are Sichuan and Jiangxi. Red orange is warm, shiny and wet, but not resistant to waterlogging.
The invention with publication number CN1161011C discloses a disease-free red orange seedling breeding method, which comprises the steps of constructing a female parent garden, collecting a panicle garden and breeding a nursery garden at high standard, adopting a greenhouse net room to seal and grow seedlings, and mainly aiming at overcoming dangerous diseases and insect pests such as citrus greening disease, canker disease and the like and cultivating red orange seedlings without dangerous diseases and insect pests such as citrus greening disease, canker disease and the like. The seedlings cultivated by the method do not have yellow dragon disease and canker, the seedlings are strong, the root systems are developed, the yellowing rate is only 1-3% after the seedlings are planted in the field for 4-5 years, the method is far lower than that of the traditional seedlings, the economic life of an orchard is prolonged, and the yield, the fruit quality and the economic benefit are improved.
However, the above prior art has the following drawbacks: according to the cultivation method, targeted farming operation and fertilizer and water management are not supplemented according to the stage characteristics of the red orange fruit seedlings in each period, the fruit yield cannot be improved according to the specific insect pest situation and the growth and development situation of the fruit seedlings in each time period, and the high-quality red orange varieties cannot be promoted to enter the market in large quantity conveniently; and the planting cost is high, the economic benefit is low, and the wide popularization cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for red oranges, aiming at the technical problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for red oranges comprises the following steps:
s1, keeping the fruit on the tree, picking, and making the tree body sleep: from the middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the next year; enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; cleaning the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard;
s2, flower bud differentiation stage: 2, month; after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; thinning and shearing are combined to promote robust spring shoots;
s3, from the spring shoot sprouting stage to the late flowering stage: 3, month; irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in an orchard;
s4, young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: from 4 months to 5 months; preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree, and updating the crown;
s5, growth and development period of young fruits: 6 months; the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits;
s6, fruit expansion period: from 7 months to 8 months; applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards to avoid nutrient competition;
s7, in the autumn shoot emergence period, the fruit is in the color changing period; from 9 months to 10 months; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. In the middle ten days of 9 months, carrying out secondary fruit thinning, and thinning out the small fruits with poor development;
s8, fruit color changing and ripening period: ten days in the middle of 11 to 12 months; spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
Preferably, the fruits are left in the tree picking period and the tree bodies are dormant, and the deciduous spiders, red spiders, scale insects and lichens are prevented and treated.
Preferably, during flower bud differentiation, red spiders are prevented from being damaged; preventing and treating aphids.
Preferably, the resin disease is prevented and treated from the spring shoot germination period to the flowering period, and young fruits of the tender branches are damaged; preventing and treating anthracnose and scab; preventing and treating red spiders; in the garden with damage of bud maggots, attention is paid to prevent the bud maggots from growing trees.
Preferably, during young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period, controlling resin diseases, anthracnose and scab; comprehensively prevent and control scale insects and mite insects.
Preferably, during the growth and development of young fruits, the coccid, the psylla, the red spider and the aphid are prevented and controlled; preventing and treating anthracnose, scab, ulcer, and brown rot.
Preferably, the leaf miner is prevented and controlled during fruit expansion; preventing and treating anthracnose, sand skin disease, resinosis and ulcer; poisoning longicorn larvae; preventing and controlling scale insects and mite insects; for preventing and treating moss, ethylicin is sprayed.
Preferably, in the autumn tip emergence period and the fruit expansion and color change period, anthracnose, resina diseases, canker, scab and fruit rot are prevented and treated; preventing and controlling leaf miner.
Preferably, the anthracnose and brown rot are prevented and controlled during the fruit color-changing and maturing period; preventing and treating red spider.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects: the method comprises the steps that in a natural year, the cultivation period of red oranges is divided into a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body dormancy period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip sprouting period, a flowering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-changing and ripening period; in each period, according to the stage characteristics of fruit seedlings, targeted farming operation and fertilizer and water management are assisted, so that the fruit yield is improved, and the high-quality red orange varieties are promoted to enter the market in large quantity; the red orange seedlings mainly bear spring tip short branches, and also bear a part of non-leaf branches; the fruit begins to be colored at the bottom of 12 months, the fruit is colored 80% in the middle of 1 month in the next year, the single fruit is 200 plus 250g from the middle of 1 month to the middle of 2 months in the mature period, the mature period of the fruit is close to the spring festival, and the fruit is deeply loved by consumers when being used as a fresh fruit; the cultivation economic benefit is very high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of incubation time for one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard. The fruits are left in the tree picking period and the tree bodies are dormant, so that the deciduous spiders, red spiders, scale insects and lichens are prevented and treated. The recommended scheme is as follows: mineral oil + thiophanate-methyl + chlorpyrifos-chloride; moss: ambam + ethylicin.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
Example two
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots. The recommended scheme is as follows: mineral oil, thiophanate methyl and abamectin pyridaben
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots. Preventing red spider from being damaged during flower bud differentiation; preventing and treating aphids.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards. The recommended scheme is as follows: phenylate, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, boron fertilizer and high-nitrogen high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
Example four
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards. During the period from the spring shoot sprouting period to the flowering period, the resinifera is prevented and treated, and young fruits of the tender branches are damaged; preventing and treating anthracnose and scab; preventing and treating red spiders; in the garden with damage of bud maggots, attention is paid to prevent the bud maggots from growing trees.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown. The recommended scheme is as follows: phenylate, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos chloride, a zinc boron leaf fertilizer and natural brassin.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
EXAMPLE five
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown. During young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period, controlling resin disease, anthracnose and scab; comprehensively prevent and control scale insects and mite insects. And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits. The recommended scheme is as follows: phenylate, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, etoxazole, natural brassin and active calcium fertilizer.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
EXAMPLE six
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits. During the growth and development of young fruits, preventing and controlling scale insects, psyllids, red spiders and aphids; preventing and treating anthracnose, scab, ulcer, and brown rot. The recommended scheme is as follows: tebuconazole, mancozeb, abamectin diafenthiuron, natural brassin and active calcium fertilizer.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
EXAMPLE seven
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition. During fruit expansion, the leaf miner is prevented and controlled; preventing and treating anthracnose, sand skin disease, resinosis and ulcer; poisoning longicorn larvae; preventing and controlling scale insects and mite insects; preventing and treating moss by spraying ethylicin; the recommended scheme is as follows: tebuconazole, mancozeb, abamectin diafenthiuron, natural brassin and active calcium fertilizer.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
Example eight
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development. In the autumn tip emergence period and during the fruit expansion and color change period, anthracnose, resina diseases, canker diseases, scab and fruit rot are prevented and treated; preventing and controlling leaf miner. The recommended scheme is as follows: benzyl, tebuconazole + abamectin + chlopyrifos + natural brassin + 2.4-D.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
Example nine
As shown in figure 1, the cultivation method for high-quality and high-yield red oranges provided by the invention comprises a fruit tree-remaining picking period, a tree body resting period, a flower bud differentiation period, a spring tip germination period, a flower withering period, a young fruit period, a physiological fruit drop period, a young fruit growth and development period, a fruit expansion period, a autumn tip emergence period and a fruit color-turning mature period within a natural year.
Wherein the farming operations at each period are as follows:
middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the following year: fruit remaining in tree picking period and tree dormancy period: enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; and (5) clearing the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard.
And (2) month: and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; the combination of thinning and shearing promotes the growth of robust spring shoots.
And 3, month: spring shoot sprouting period and flowering period: irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in orchards.
Month 4 to month 5: young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree and updating the crown.
And 6, month: and (3) growth and development period of young fruits: the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; and (4) thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect-resistant fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits.
Month 7 to month 8: fruit expansion period: applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards and avoiding nutrient competition.
Month 9 to month 10: in the autumn shoot emergence period, fruits are expanded and turn into color; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. And (4) thinning fruits for the second time in the middle ten days of 9 months to remove the small fruits with poor development.
In middle of 11 to 12 months: fruit color change and mature period: spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body. Controlling anthracnose and brown rot during fruit color-changing and ripening; preventing and treating red spider. The recommended scheme is as follows: pyrazole, mancozeb, abamectin, acetamiprid, natural brassin, 2.4-D and prochloraz.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (9)
1. A high-quality high-yield cultivation method for red oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, keeping the fruit on the tree, picking, and making the tree body sleep: from the middle ten days of 12 months to 1 month in the next year; enhancing fertilizer and water management; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the tree crown; cleaning the orchard before 1 month, and removing the overwintering eggs and germs in the orchard;
s2, flower bud differentiation stage: 2, month; after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer to recover tree vigor; irrigating water in early spring; thinning and shearing are combined to promote robust spring shoots;
s3, from the spring shoot sprouting stage to the late flowering stage: 3, month; irrigating germination water; applying germination and rejuvenation fertilizers, organic water-soluble fertilizers and supplementing boron-containing foliar fertilizers; ditching and digging a channel, and preparing for orchard irrigation and drainage; weeding in an orchard;
s4, young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period: from 4 months to 5 months; preserving fruit fertilizer after flowering, and spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces; fruit stabilizing fertilizer and organic water soluble fertilizer; cutting or retracting the aged tree, and updating the crown;
s5, growth and development period of young fruits: 6 months; the second physiological fruit drop, organic water soluble fertilizer is applied to preserve fruit expansion; spraying active calcium fertilizer on leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; pruning in summer and inhibiting summer shoots; thinning fruits for the first time, and thinning diseased and insect fruits, malformed fruits and excessive small fruits;
s6, fruit expansion period: from 7 months to 8 months; applying fruit strengthening fertilizer; fertilizing to promote the germination of autumn shoots; irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content of the orchard, but severe change of water is avoided, and fruit cracking is easily induced; reasonably shearing in summer to promote the germination of autumn shoots; tree discs are covered, and the ground temperature is reduced; weeding in orchards to avoid nutrient competition;
s7, in the autumn shoot emergence period, the fruit is in the color changing period; from 9 months to 10 months; active calcium fertilizer is supplemented to the leaf surfaces to prevent fruit cracking; spraying a tip strengthening fertilizer to promote the green turning of new tips, and mainly using a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer; after autumn shoots are aged, applying high-potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion; the supporting rods are erected to prevent branches with large fruit bearing amount from drooping and sticking to the ground, and prevent fruit surface infection. In the middle ten days of 9 months, carrying out secondary fruit thinning, and thinning out the small fruits with poor development;
s8, fruit color changing and ripening period: ten days in the middle of 11 to 12 months; spraying a foliar fertilizer, supplementing trace elements, promoting fruit coloring and promoting flower bud differentiation; covering the tree crown with a film, and paying attention to the anti-freezing of the tree body.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruit is left in tree picking period and tree dormancy period to prevent and control deciduous spider, red spider, scale insect and lichen.
3. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein red oranges are prevented from being damaged by red spiders during flower bud differentiation; preventing and treating aphids.
4. The method for cultivating good quality and high yield of red oranges according to claim 1, wherein resinophosis is prevented and cured from the spring shoot sprouting period to the flowering period, and young fruits of tender branches are damaged; preventing and treating anthracnose and scab; preventing and treating red spiders; in the garden with damage of bud maggots, attention is paid to prevent the bud maggots from growing trees.
5. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein during young fruit period and physiological fruit drop period, resinophosis, anthracnose and scab are prevented and treated; comprehensively prevent and control scale insects and mite insects.
6. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein during the growth and development of young fruit, scale insects, psyllids, red spiders and aphids are prevented and controlled; preventing and treating anthracnose, scab, ulcer, and brown rot.
7. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the leaf miner is controlled during fruit expansion; preventing and treating anthracnose, sand skin disease, resinosis and ulcer; poisoning longicorn larvae; preventing and controlling scale insects and mite insects; for preventing and treating moss, ethylicin is sprayed.
8. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein anthracnose, resina diseases, canker, scab and fruit rot are prevented and treated during the fruit expansion and color change period in the autumn tip emergence period; preventing and controlling leaf miner.
9. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein anthracnose and brown rot are prevented and treated during fruit color transition and ripening; preventing and treating red spider.
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