CN107148882A - A kind of cultural method of cumquat new varieties - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of cumquat new varieties, including the Orchard Construction of science, cultivation of fruit tree management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, drought resisting are survived the winter measure, five aspects of recovery operations, so that it is guaranteed that its good quality and high output." fruitlet " kind that cumquat is eaten as one belt leather of Citrus, medical field have generally acknowledged heat-clearing and fire-reducing, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, regulating the flow of vital energy Xie Yu, the food-therapy health-care efficacy such as preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing, but because its acidity is big, taste of choking it is strong can not by the town and country common people universal eating.The honey cumquat produced according to this cultural method, not only remain the functional quality in terms of the nutritional ingredient and Dietotherapy health of common cumquat, and be that production chokes that taste, sugariness are high, sugar viscosity is low, seed nuclei is few, the basic guarantee of the fresh fruit of natural long shelf-life without acid, it is the fruit rising star that beautiful Chinese, the commercialization plantation of conservation culture process and new, special products of famous brands, of extra fine quality brand operation are worthy to be popularized, is also a kind of selection that sugaring industry has much potentiality.

Description

A kind of cultural method of cumquat new varieties

Technical field：

The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of Ai Lisi honey cumquat new varieties, including Orchard Construction, cultivation of fruit tree pipe Reason, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, drought resisting are survived the winter measure, five aspects of recovery operations.

Background technology：

" fruitlet " kind that cumquat is eaten as one belt leather of Citrus, nutritive value and sight it is very high, except containing The nutritional ingredient such as sugar, acid, vitamin C, the also thing rich in health protection and therapeutic actions such as citrin, class Hu Luosu, pectin, crude fibres Matter, medical field have generally acknowledged heat-clearing and fire-reducing, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, regulating the flow of vital energy Xie Yu, the food-therapy health-care efficacy such as preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing.Day undergraduate course The current research result of scholar shows, citrus why can anticancer, be because wherein containing substantial amounts of-beautiful yellow matter, especially with sugar The high tangerine peel of degree has more-beautiful yellow matter content, than in the carrot known to us-anticancer effect of carrotene is eager to excel 5 times.Though Right cumquat has our all multipair favourable nutrients of health, but common cumquat because its acidity is big and have it is strong choke taste and Can not by vast town and country consumer universal eating.Ai Lisi honey cumquat not only remain common cumquat nutritional ingredient and Functional quality in terms of Dietotherapy health, eliminates acid therein and chokes taste, and sugariness is high, sugar viscosity is low, even Chinese olive Imperceptible any tart flavour and choke taste, fresh fruit seed nuclei is few, natural long shelf-life, the dislocation of market sale season are big, process deeply industry Chain length, is the fruit rising star of a worth Industry Promotion, is also the selection kind that sugaring industry has much potentiality.

Currently, fruit consumption market is wide in variety, cheap, and unprecedented life color is added to the town and country common people It is color.But, whole fruit consumer field has the fruit new varieties of notable era characteristics still rare, green truly Nuisanceless, health care, feature fruit new product are obviously very low in the proportion shared by consumption market.Plantation has bright characteristics or only one Without two fruit new varieties, the consumption market with local characteristic kind is actively cultivated, is also to implement Party and government's agriculture, rural areas and farmers political affairs Plan, building a New Socialist Countryside, the beautiful China of construction, the concrete measure of conservation culture and practical action, governments at all levels are given Very big attention and support.

The current mandarin orange planting area of China is more than 33,000,000 × 667m2 (mu), and cultivated area and yield rank first in the world, Wherein Zhejiang Province's cultivated area just has 2,000,000 × 667m2 (mu) left and right.But common cumquat is universal because of its quality too common, mouthfeel Not good enough grade " bad individual character ", is not valued by the people always for a long time, and cultivated area is less than whole cedra fruits plantations The 1% of area.And it has been international one trend out of question in consumption market to develop " fruitlet ", " mini " kind, although this is several Year various regions are also in development plantation cumquat gradually, but dissected from technological layer, and existing common cumquat still can not thoroughly be put for the moment Some primitiveness " defect " of this kind of de- cumquat.

The content of the invention

The present invention can be in a kind of science, reasonable, specification, effective ecological environment based on Ai Lisi honey cumquats new varieties Lower growth, through the experiment that studies for a long period of time, sum up Orchard Construction, cultivation of fruit tree management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, drought resisting survive the winter measure, adopt It is incorporated as a series of cultural methods that may insure the fruit new varieties good quality and high output such as industry.

The present inventor is since before the more than ten years, to the corresponding plants species with good prospect of industrial development, carry out " outer Planted in fruit ", " south fruit north plant " and " heat fruit is cold to plant ", " wild fruit is just planted " and " plant natural variation researches and exploitation " etc. tries Research is tested, achieves and a series of gratifying scientific research achievements such as breeds, cultivates, managing, Ai Lisi honey cumquat new varieties are exactly it One of.It is on the basis of kind natural variation, to be screened by science, special using multiple cross technology and plant tissue cell Other optimization processing and breed a successful cumquat new varieties, compared with the biological characteristics of original species, occurred larger good Property variation, principal biological technical indicator is significantly better than common cumquat and other general citrus verieties, technical field with In terms of promoting large-scale production, the regionality " localization " of species is realized.By the crop field plantation beyond this several years laboratories Experiment shows, the kind not only have stronger disease-resistant, cold tolerance and dwarfing, quality and nutrition more preferably, before stable high yield etc. Looking forward or upwards property remarkable advantage, and with regard to good economic benefit can be obtained from plantation Second Year.According to same category section botany life Cycle Assessment, its botany useful life is up to more than 30 years, it is contemplated that be available for the economic life of production and operation more than 15 years, Once input, long term benefit.

The features such as Ai Lisi honey cumquat also has relatively wider soil and climate adaptability, extensive management, strong stress resistance. Under suitable environment, this new varieties can several times a year bloom, multiple result, be also beautify the environment, especially artistical bonsai Another good kind.Its tree trunk shapes fast, result morning, and Second Year starts result after plant, enters high yield period, the 4th within the 3rd year Rise in year and reach that Sheng fruit requires；Under the conditions of rational production operation, general 1500~2000 kilograms of per mu yield fresh fruit, meticulous operation mu Production fresh fruit is up to 2500~3000 kilograms；Fruit circular, is in orange red when ripe, color and luster is first-class, and thin skin is smooth, and mouthfeel is crisp Tender, fresh and sweet, average seed nuclei number only has 1.5~3, simply 50% or so of the average seed nuclei number of common cumquat；Soluble solid Content is one of highest and the kind of most sweet tea in current Citrus fruit, Chinese olive pol 12~16% (equivalent to common cumquat into Sugariness when ripe), pol reaches as high as 28~33% mostly between 20~25% when ripe, than common cumquat and orange Pol is universal high by 30~60%, and the middle and later periods Chinese olive of facility cultivation can just be listed during National Day, be the still good fruit of presenting friends One of.Because its epidermal tissue's density ratio is larger, the internal plant tissue composition such as sugar, water can obtain good isolation and protect Shield, is difficult to be oxidized, and fruit nature long shelf-life was up to 80~150 days, and storage tolerance is difficult loss.By simple Preservation Treatment And refrigeration, still there is fresh and sweet mouthfeel well and complete form, color and luster during having arrived Second Year summer or even National Day next year, Pol is maintained at more than 12% so that the kind can not only shift to an earlier date listing in 1~2 month than common cumquat, and at least again can Sold with continuing 3 months, this is that general tangerine class fruit is unapproachable at present, commercially misplace and market with significant season Advantage.It complies fully with green, nuisanceless, healthcare function the hair that world today's fruit consumer field new trend is praised highly strongly Exhibition demand, current per kilogram orchard wholesale price is and out of stock in spite of rising price with regard to that can reach 6~10 yuan, and supply falls short of demand.Place goods on trial sale result it is deep by Numerous citizen like and cause the highest attention of domestic and international businessman, and market demand is huge, and development plantation prospect is very wide.

The present invention is suitable for vast farmerses, rural households exclusively engaging in a particular productionor trade, agricultural cooperative society and the city for having great interest to rural area, agricultural City citizen plant, and especially suitable industrial and commercial capital participates in agriculture, rural areas and farmers project, " new four change " builds, beauty is Chinese, conservation culture process Scale, commercialization plantation and the brand operation of new, special products of famous brands, of extra fine quality.

Embodiment：

Details are as follows for the cultural method of present patent application.

First, Orchard Construction

Ai Lisi honey cumquat good quality and high output Orchard Constructions are a concrete measures of land resource and maximizing the benefits, should Rest in effective and rational resource distribution, the supply of enough nutriment, on positive production management basis.When orchard is determined After land used region, according to research pilot experience, according to the composite factor such as good quality and high output and soil optimum utilization, carry out in an orderly manner Plough deeply improve the soil, site preparation plays furrow, the basic operation in terms of building well such as base manure landfill, except the job requirements of this cultural method, correlation will Ask and be referred to other Orchard Constructions.

(1) orchard ground foundation

A. land used specification：Row spacing Lk=80 (± 2.5) cm, furrow width Gk=50 (± 2.5) cm, ditch depth GS1=35 (± 3.0) Cm (notes：With ditch depth GS2=50~60 ± 3.0cm of the fruit tree growth after fertilising ridging), hole (cave) footpath Ф k=50 (± 2.5) between centre-to-centre spacing KJ=130 (± 3.0) cm between cm, hole (cave) depth KS=50 (± 3.0) cm, holes (cave), two ridges Hole (cave) position orthogonal (" plum blossom " shape) is laid out.

B. field operation：Select good weather condition in addition to the rainy day to carry out orchard land used operation, carry out in advance ridge, Ditch, hole (cave) operation, and various base manure are got out simultaneously.When carrying out ridge, ditch, hole (cave) operation, it is necessary to grasped with span wire system Make and target point, line alignment, alignment are strict controlled within the scope of allowable error.The granule of topsoil will be as much as possible Refinement, uniform, especially implantation hole (cave) with native must not have >=50cm stone in soil, and eliminate as much as rubble etc. Other significantly affect the foreign matter of plant strain growth.

(2) orchard base manure is delivered

A. base manure delivers consumption：1. blue or green 10 ± 1.0kg of weeds per hole (cave)；2. 0.5 ± 0.1kg of powder lime；3. water content ≤ 30% 12 ± 0.5kg of dung polluted water equal proportion mixing decomposed manure；4. 0.5 ± 0.1kg of phosphate fertilizer；5. fruit tree special bio is lived 0.5 ± 0.1kg of property organic fertilizer；6. 0.25 ± 0.05kg of composite fertilizer.B. base manure delivers operation procedure：Selection is good in addition to the rainy day Fair weather condition carry out base manure deliver operation, under the premise of the good various base manure of adequate preparation, then successively according to quantity, layering put into 1. Blue or green weeds, 2. lime, 3. appropriate interlayer native (covered and be defined substantially by superficial face), 4. dung polluted water mixing decomposed manure, 5. phosphorus The refinement topsoil of fertilizer, 6. fruit tree biological activity organic fertilizer special, 7. composite fertilizer, 8. last covering 8~10cm thickness, and in hole Make distinguishing mark in (cave) center.

Delivered and required according to the plan for land of above-mentioned good quality and high output Orchard Construction and base manure, according to 100 × 667m2 (mu) fruits Garden area, 30000 fruit seedling budgetary estimates, base manure total amount are followed successively by：1. blue or green 300 tons of weeds；2. 15 tons of powder lime；3. dung polluted water is mixed 360 tons of decomposed manure；4. 15 tons of phosphate fertilizer；5. 15 tons of fruit tree biological activity organic fertilizer special；6. 7.5 tons of composite fertilizer.

Base manure deliver operation after the completion of, should leave can make the time of the abundant spontaneous fermentation of base manure, can both possess it is enough, have The fertility of effect, is avoided the occurrence of " burning root " again.It is that fruit seedling is most managed when base manure spontaneous fermentation was by 30~45 days according to experiment The transplanting time thought.

3. the conventional basic operation in orchard：Will except the plan for land and corresponding operation of good quality and high output Orchard Construction pattern Ask, in the case where following Ai Lisi honey cumquat good quality and high output building well principles as far as possible, passed through according to the pilot of this cultural method Test, with reference to various regions actual conditions, to various orchards environment, by adjusting row spacing Lk and furrow width Gk distances, suiting measures to local conditions, it is normal to arrange Orchard Construction is advised, appropriate dense planting form is taken.

(1) rational close planting principle

Rational planting density under Ai Lisi honey cumquat routine Orchard Construction pattern, should regard cultivation condition, the ring in orchard Depending on border factor, plant ground type, soil fertility and managerial skills, economic capability, it should consider what cultivating superior high-yield was proposed Key element, again in view of the rational production economy time limit.

(2) level land standardized planting

In level land or paddy planting Ai Lisi honey cumquats, with reference to its good quality and high output building well principle and job step, by row Away from bar ditch are excavated, furrow width 70cm, depth 50cm or deep pears use sufficient base manure after harrowing a field, carry out high ridge plantation.General line-spacing be 2~ 3m, 1~1.5m of spacing in the rows, planting density are 222~333 plants or so every about 1 × 667m2 (mu), generally with every 1 × 667m2 300 plants or so of (mu) plantation is both economical rationally.

(3) hillside fields standardized planting：When 20~35 ° of hillside of the gradient plants Ai Lisi honey cumquats, according to line-spacing 3m, 1.5~2.0m of spacing in the rows density are distributed, and every 1 × 667m2 (mu) plants 110~150 plants.Because hillside fields is often one A little dead soils, and water and soil nutrition leak is easily caused, when carrying out field operation, it is necessary to adjust ridge, ditch, hole (cave) Size, and operation procedure is delivered according to the base manure of good quality and high output Orchard Construction pattern, blue or green weeds or turf injected volume are increased to 20 ~30kg, decomposed manure injected volume increase to 15~20kg, and 1. blue or green weeds or turf, 2. powder lime, 3. people are inserted in layering successively Animal manure mixing decomposed manure, 4. phosphate fertilizer, 5. fruit tree biological activity organic fertilizer special, 6. composite fertilizer etc., fill up heap behind cave It is higher by hillside fields 25~30cm of earth's surface little Tu Bao.

(4) the ultra dense degree plantation of paddy field and industrialized agriculture：In the case of economic condition permission, land fertility is strong, water conservancy is set Ai Lisi honey cumquats can be planted with ultra dense degree by applying perfect paddy field and industrialized agriculture garden.Strain, line-spacing be 1~1.5m, every 1 × 667m2 (mu) plants 600 plants or so, and base manure injected volume is accordingly amplified to the 150~180% of good quality and high output orchard pattern, but examines Consider the factors, this cultural method institute such as sunlight, ventilation, fertility and the quality relation of Ai Lisi honey cumquats and production operation The ultra dense degree plant development cycle stated is unsuitable long, does not also advocate carrying out ultra dense degree plantation typically, unless there are enough intensive cultivations Spy's condition.4th, the field planting of Ai Lisi honey cumquat seedling.

Complete after the basic operation in above-mentioned orchard, in fruit transplantation of seedlings season, the healthy and strong Ai Lisi honey cumquat fruit seedlings of selection enter Row field planting, drenches sufficient root water after plant.

2nd, cultivation of fruit tree is managed

The key link of Ai Lisi honey cumquat good quality and high outputs mainly includes：Enough fertilizer, in good time shaping beta pruning etc. A series of cultivation managements.And science, the reasonable, cultivation management method of system, it is the basic of Ai Lisi honey cumquat good quality and high outputs Ensure.

1. fertilizer practice

The nutriment demand of Ai Lisi honey cumquat fruit trees is stronger than other citrus varieties, and the fertilizer of each growth phase Demand is different.This cultural method takes corresponding fertilising skill according to the different phase of Ai Lisi honey cumquat fruit tree growths Art.

(1) the nutriment supply of orchard Seedling Stage

A. the fertilising after the field planting of annual fruit seedling require annual Ai Lisi honey cumquat seedling should using impose liquid manure as It is main, 7~10 days before each branch rudiment, the Shoot growth phase, respectively topdress once after branch trimming, with 0.5~0.8% urea Plus 0.5~1.0% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer drench to apply or drenched with become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung plus 0.5% urea and 0.5% composite fertilizer and apply.

B. it is equal that the fertilising after biennial fruit seedling is colonized requires that biennial Ai Lisi honey cumquat seedling imposes liquid manure, dried human and animal excreta Can, the administration of liquid manure is identical with annual seedling.Dried human and animal excreta is such as imposed, should be carried out for 10~15 days before each branch rudiment, often 50~100g of 50~100g of urea plus compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is applied in strain.

C. the fertilising in winter requires that annual winter should use sufficient base manure of surviving the winter, and cave deep placement, paddy field ditching deep placement are expanded in hillside fields.Survive the winter Native operation is dug during fertilising to the expansion cave near fruit tree root, should be not injure root as principle.The amount of application of base manure is every plant of corruption Ripe 10~20kg of muck, phosphate fertilizer 0.5kg, fruit tree biological activity organic fertilizer special 0.5kg.

(2) the nutriment supply of orchard production period

A. orchard rest period heavy dressing base manure impose base manure be Ai Lisi honey cumquat enter orchard normal production cycles after must The work that must be carried out, is the material base yielded positive results during annual growth.After Ai Lisi honey cumquat, which enters, plants Normal productivity management phase, use sufficient base manure and seem particularly significant.The spring tip take out hair, growth, repeatedly bloom, fruit growth etc., The base manure for being required to abundance is persistently supplied.Base manure is based on decomposed manure, and column 15~25kg of excrement, dish bran 1.0kg, phosphorus are applied in strain 0.5~1.0kg of fertilizer, potassium sulfate 0.5kg, 0.5~1.0kg of fertile fruit tree biological activity organic fertilizer special, it is necessary to the spring after fruit picking Used sufficient in the plant dormancy phase before and after section

B. it is the most important mother of yielding positive results of Ai Lisi honey cumquats to use sufficient the fertilizer spring tip inspired with cultivating the healthy and strong spring tip Branch, bud differentiation is carried out on the spring tip then.Therefore, promote spring tip neat hair smoking and ensure its robust growth, be to carry The key technology requirement of Gao Ailisi honey cumquat first time flowers and fruits quality and quantities.

1. the supply of spring bud fertility is ensured 10~15 days before annual early March spring tip rudiment, and every plant is applied become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung or bran 10~20kg of water, 0.3~0.5kg of 0.2~0.5kg of urea or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, promote the spring tip to take out hair neat.

2. the increase blade face nutriment supply spring tip sprays " the leaf despot " of 600~800 times of liquid from after trimming or other are similar The equivalent nutrition of Foliage nutrient solution, promotes the spring tip aging.

C. fruit nutriment, which is ensured, works as numerous young fruit formation stages, and while flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit protecting is a technology Property very strong work, and it is the important cargo handling operation that orchard production period must be carried out to provide nutrition to immature fruit.

1. the nutritional supplementation of flower and fruit protecting phase when buddingging with 0.4~0.5% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,

0.2% borax mixed liquor is sprayed 2~3 times.During the blossom fall that June opens goes 2/3 to young fruit, every 10~15 days " 920 " 50~80ppm solution or similar nuisanceless fruit retention are pointedly selected, is continuously sprayed 3 times.

2. the nutritional supplementation of young fruit is opened after the flowers have withered away in annual early and middle ten dayses in July second, i.e., first fruit is long To corn particle it is big when, every plant is applied the 0.3~0.5kg of 15~20kg of liquid dung or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and sprays 0.3% phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen, 0.2% borax mixed liquor 1~2 time, promote steady fruit, strong fruit.

2. pruning technique：Make Ai Lisi honey cumquat good quality and high outputs, be a required course to its pruning, no Only be that necessary beauty treatment of limbs is carried out to fruit tree, even more the domination of fruit tree nutrition and regulation, promote one of flowers and fruits prenatal and postnatal care Technical measures.

(1) the fruit tree high yield moulding under fruit tree harvesting high-quality high-yield form Ai Lisi honey cumquat cultivating superior high-yield pattern, should Preferably plexi form, tree crown is short, semicircular in shape.The main key branch for constituting trunk is sent from butt, main, side from Category relation has no significant difference, and tree crown is distinguished without obvious level, and treetop is intensive, and tree crown periphery is distributed in resultant layer more.Due to total Branch amount is more, and female branch result ratio is high, and the limb ratio of fruit drop is low, and this is typical case's high yield form of Ai Lisi honey cumquats, Be conducive to improving early yield and quality.

(2) the naturally tree-like of fruit tree trimming standardization form Ai Lisi honey cumquats is semicircle, and shaping easily, is repaiied The amount of cutting is small, and tree crown expansion is rapid, and shaping is fast, early into fruiting period, is using more a kind of tree-like in production.General is whole Shape process is：The fruit tree of orchard Seedling Stage, should reserve 40~50cm of height and be cut, therefore, it is possible to the more branches of pumping, 3~4 branches are selected therebetween, and culture turns into the permanent major branch of base portion.As tree body increases, 2~3 branches of reselection continue The permanent major branch of raw formula after culture turns into, makes full tree have 5~7 major branches.Major branch upward point straggly in an orderly manner of spacing on trunk Cloth, general major branch spacing is 7~10cm.Thereafter select again on major branch 2~3 the different branch in raw direction, be trained For secondary major branch, the basic framework of tree crown is constituted, the branch group that can be yielded positive results finally is turned out on major branch and secondary major branch.

(3) trimming promotees the treelet phase after the tip is colonized in orchard, according to above-mentioned morphological requirements, trimming work be mainly bud picking, The methods such as the tip, pinching are dredged, retain high-quality, healthy and strong branch that those are conducive to moulding.And the limb for entering growth animated period is repaiied Cut, its purpose there are three：One is thoroughly to cut off deadwood, sick branch, overstocked branch, slim and frahile branch；Two be to dredge to go some growth weak Fruitful branch；Three be that, in early and middle ten dayses in March, by the long shoot of tree crown periphery, retraction cuts off 10~15cm, takes out the branch near its clip Raw healthy and strong, the spring tip that amount is more.

(4) bud picking and fruit retention measure of summer tip branch

A. the focused protection Ai Lisi honey cumquat of main product phase fruit repeatedly bloomed in 1 year, multiple result, but mainly open Flower fruiting period only has twice：First time flowering time be late May to mid-June, reflorescence the time for July early and middle ten dayses. This twice flowers and fruits growth time it is longer, the fruit that is produced is big, ripe early, quality is excellent, economic value is higher, is Ai Lisi honey The most important production period of cumquat.The flower opened after August part, although also can result, but fruit is smaller, pericarp color is poor, can not be complete Complete ripe, quality is also not ideal enough, economic value is more relatively low.Therefore, 6~July of Ai Lisi honey cumquat first, the are improved Secondary flowers and fruits quality and quantity is the important technology safeguard for obtaining good quality and high output.Therefore, 3 have been had when each branch~ During 5 healthy young fruits, the rudiment for the summer tip branch that to erase in time, reduction plant nutrition " it is lost in,, make shaped fruit There are enough growing nutrients in fact.

B. fruit retention measure is to eugonic fruit tree, when first time, flower thanked 2/3, side shoot above thick to 0.5cm Pitch lopwood to do, the physical measure for taking girdling one to enclose, to reach fruit retention purpose.Girdling operation should select good in addition to the rainy day Carried out under the conditions of fair weather, depth only relates to limb epidermis.

3. other orchard management operations

(1) intertillage often fights for nutriment with weeding orchard weed with fruit tree, and especially at building well initial stage, fruit seedling is immature, fruit Many various weeds grass-seeds can be remained in soil environment before the construction of garden, if weeding not in time, not only nutrition are fought for fruit seedling, And be the big harm hidden danger that many pest and disease damages grow.Therefore, intertilled in good time, weeding is to ensure that Ai Lisi honey cumquats One essential condition of good quality and high output.Generally should after summer and autumn weed growth vigorous season and fruit harvesting, with reference to fertilising operation, Respectively to being intertilled 1~2 time near fruit tree packing, depth is advisable with 10~15cm, thus keeps the loose of fruit tree disk root region soil And avoid weedy.

(2) although fruit tree overlay film fruit retention measure Ai Lisi honey cumquat outer epidermal layer tissue density has more than common cumquat Greatly, with more preferable self-protection ability.But before and after its maturity period, once running into the rainy day, easily cause dehiscent fruit, it is easy to produce Raw fungal infection, causes a large amount of sheddings.Therefore, before fructescence, in being current numerous fruit retention measures to fruit tree overlay film One of most effective innoxious physics fruit retention method, it is possible to reduce the usage amount of chemical fruit preservative and agricultural chemicals, pollution abatement, Extension nature is born fruit fresh keeping time, and market is supplied during directly being left to the Spring Festival, be avoid heavy rain especially acid rain, plum rains and Serious cold and heat weather is reduced to bring adverse effect to fruit growth, improve the measure of high-quality yield rate and yield per unit area.It is logical It is skeleton frequently with bamboo chip strip material, is built in arch shed structure form on tree crown, overlay film simultaneously fastens rope.It can also take straight The simple fruit retention method being covered in agricultural film on tree crown is connect, rope is fastened.

(3) fruit bagging measure：This is a kind of bodyfixed frame of fruit tree overlay film fruit retention, the feelings not had in goods and materials condition Under condition, the fruit bag special of factorial praluction is bought, to reach certain fruit retention purpose.This fruit retention measure has just started in orchard Into several years ago still using for production period, once into high yield period, it is inconvenient greatly that cause and effect tree grows into certain altitude, the amount of bearing fruit Operation, can increase labour's input cost on the contrary.

3rd, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The ability that Ai Lisi honey cumquats resist pest and disease damage is stronger, generally occurs pest and disease damage relatively fewer.Easily Occur it is more serious have the pest and disease damages such as anthracnose, husky skin disease, red spider, leaf miner, regular disease observation must be carried out, And to its emphasis and preventing and treating in time, especially to strengthen the seedling at building well initial stage pest and disease damage observation and detection and prevent and treat.This cultivation Described in culture method is than more typical, very important several main diseases and insect pests prevention and controls.

1. the preventing and treating of anthracnose：Anthracnose is a kind of Major Diseases of Ai Lisi honey cumquats, from fruit seedling to the fruit of result Tree can occur, and tender shoots, blade, branch, fruit may be all compromised, and particularly spring runs into high temperature and rainy, spring tip tender shoots, tender Can all occur than more serious disease on leaf, spray, whole fruit tree death will be caused when being in a bad way, prevention and controls are as follows.

(1) anthracnose during winter clear garden is prevented and treated as preventive measure, at orchard winter clear garden, from fruit tree to ground Top layer, sprays 1~2 0.8~1.0 degree of lime sulfur.

(2) anthracnose of nursery stock is prevented and treated in firm rudiment, and " green prosperous No. two " of 800 times were sprayed every 10 days or so, Even spray 3 times.

(3) orchard after the daily preventing and treating finished product of anthracnose, during spring tip pumping, 2 medicines should be sprayed in time.First Inferior to young sprout sprout to 0.5cm it is long when, to plant spray 0.5% times amount formula " Bordeaux mixture ", after 7~10 days spray 500 times of liquid " can kill " or 1000 times of liquid " hydrogen chloride copper " or 600 times of liquid " thiophanate methyl " etc..

2. the preventing and treating of husky skin disease：Husky skin disease is a kind of symptom of resin disease, is generally occurred in Ai Lisi honey cumquat branches Young sprout, tender leaf, on young fruit, prevention and controls are as follows.

(1) the husky skin disease of young fruit period prevents and treats this pest and disease damage and is easiest to occur to may be referred to above-mentioned charcoal on young fruit period, medication The daily prophylactico-therapeutic measures of subcutaneous ulcer disease, ordinary circumstance is prevented and treated 1~2 time.

(2) it is simultaneous control measure when take prevent and treat anthracnose measure when, husky skin disease can be played and certain simultaneous control effect.If should Pest and disease damage is serious, can improve Drug level according to medicine norm.

3. the preventing and treating of red spider：Red spider is that one of insect pest the most serious, main harm occur for Ai Lisi honey cumquat Blade, tender tip, fruit, aggrieved blade tarnish, in canescence, cause fallen leaves, the tangerine tip.Particularly autumn, winter, Climate Dryness It is dry, endanger even more serious, prevention and controls are as follows.

(1) lime sulfur 1~2 time or other classes of " 1 degree of Baume " are sprayed in the preventing and treating in winter clear garden at orchard winter clear garden Like medicine.

(2) preventing and treating of growth period is when acarid 2~3 averagely occurs in the single leaf of plant, from a gram mite thing, green prosperous AVM hereinafter, The medicament rotations such as mite kills, pyridaben are sprayed.

4. the preventing and treating of leaf miner：Leaf miner is to endanger tender tip, based on tender leaf, occur mainly in the summer and autumn tip of nursery stock and treelet On, aggrieved leaf is crispaturaed, come off, and prevention and controls are as follows.

(1) artificial control of leaf miner extracts fragmentary early hair young sprout, and suitable control rich water uniformly puts the tip, promotes to take out the tip whole Together.

(2) the daily preventing and treating of leaf miner should start spray in most of 0.5~1.0cm of young sprout length, be sprayed every 5~7 days Once, even spray 2~3 times, alternatively administered commonly uses medicament as follows to medicine.A.20% 4000~5000 times of liquid of fenvalerate are sprayed. B.20% 4000~5000 times of liquid of potassium Cyano chrysanthemate are sprayed.C.2.5% 1000~15000 times of liquid of time are sprayed.D.25% dimehypo 500~600 times of liquid are sprayed.

4th, drought resisting is survived the winter measure

Through showing in the development test of In Hangzhou Region of Zhe Jiang Province ecological environment, Ai Lisi honey cumquat is not taking any freeze prevention measure In the case of, it is general to be resistant to one week or so 0 DEG C~-3 DEG C of low temperature in short term；Take after simple freeze prevention measure, -3 DEG C can be resisted ~-8 DEG C of severe cold and safe overwintering；Under the hot weather environment close to 40 DEG C, fruit still can normal growth.But from high-quality, The production operation of high yield requires consideration, and the optimal ecological environment temperature that Ai Lisi honey cumquats are yielded positive results is 25~33 DEG C, drought Season, easily there is physiological fruit drop more than 35 DEG C in hot weather temperature.Thus, the appropriate drought resisting measure of surviving the winter is very necessary.

1. drought-relief measure is when hot summer arrives, the fruit of Ai Lisi honey cumquats is in rapid expanding rank Section is, it is necessary to enough moisture guarantee.Now, except needing progress to cut off the strong fruit of tip branch, moisturizing of taking precautions against drought is even more the weight of production management Point.Ai Lisi honey cumquat new varieties are different from other citrus varieties, and not only nutritional requirements is larger, and to moisture Demand is bigger, and usual summer orchard soil water-holding capacity should be maintained at 65~85%.If continuous two weeks hot weathers are also without phase With appropriate rainfall various effective ways should should be taken to carry out drought control irrigation operation, reduce ecological environment temperature.In addition, Under heat weather condition, the weeds of some corings that broken can be stacked in the earth's surface around fruit tree root position or covering with ground sheeting is arranged Apply, keep certain soil moisture, prevent soil and plant moisture from seriously evaporating, influence fruit growth.Permit situation in condition Under, sunshade net is built to the fruit tree under hot summer high temperature, is a kind of optimal drought-relief measure.

2. the measure safely and effectively measure of surviving the winter of surviving the winter is built upon specification, reliable Orchard Construction and good production pipe On the basis of reason, this is even more important to the orchard under relatively low-temperature environment, particularly transplants the young age in 1~3 year Fruit tree must cause enough attention.The optimal measure of surviving the winter is facility cultivation, secondly can carry out orchard winter pruning, While clear garden, necessary straw, film bundling and earth's surface rice chaff, film is taken to cover respectively fruit tree mobile jib and the native position of root Warming measure.Experimental study shows, is taking the above to survive the winter before measure, with the fine heavy of 20~30% weight concentrations Calcium carbonate (the fat lime aqueous solution) spray (paintings) brushes its mobile jib, be the synthesis that should be taken instantly survive the winter measure one kind effectively benefit Fill.Meanwhile, the orchard soil water-holding capacity in winter should be maintained at 45~65%.

This cultural method is especially reminded in weather, the plantation of landform marginalized district pilot, in order to prevent the cold current phase in winter Between " dry monsoon ", " mountain-gap wind " and " lane wind " convection current gas-bearing formation fruit tree is damaged, the same of above-mentioned measure of surviving the winter can taken When, after necessary " centralization is bundled " is carried out to branch with rope, with rain-proof insulating bag or Warm thin-film, fruit tree is carried out whole Body is wrapped up, and the effect for resisting severe winter is just come more satisfactory.

It must be noted that to make Ai Lisi honey cumquat fruit tree safe overwinterings, keeping certain soil moisture to be ten in winter Divide necessary.Caveat simultaneously, sturdy foundation is the basis of Ai Lisi honey cumquat fruit tree safe overwinterings, thus forbids in May The non-planting-season after part transplants to it.

4th, recovery operations

1. the maturity period：The maturity period of Ai Lisi honey cumquat fruits is different depending on the ecological environment residing for orchard and exists larger Difference, it is typically ripe to harvesting 2. can be proceeded by the beginning of 12 months from early and middle ten dayses in November then in the area plantation of frost-free period Feature Ai Lisi honey cumquat ripe mark when being that fruit reaches a certain size degree, the green color of pericarp takes off substantially Only, in orange-yellow.

Cut 3. the correct collecting method of collecting method should be the calyx skin for being directed at fruit substantially with fruit shears, fruit is not stayed Handle, clip should be smooth, smooth.

4. harvest the period：During harvesting should " select Huang Liuqing ", harvest in batches, selected by grade, accumulating of casing in time.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of cumquat new varieties cultural method, passes through the Orchard Construction of science, cultivation of fruit tree management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, drought resisting Survive the winter measure, the big step of recovery operations five, it is ensured that its good quality and high output, harvest no acid and choke that taste, sugariness are high, sugar viscosity is low, seed Core is few, epidermal tissue's density ratio is larger, natural long shelf-life fresh fruit, it is characterised in that：It is suitable in average temperature of the whole year More than 15 DEG C, winter continues night of 2~3 days short-term definitely temperature is not less than -8 DEG C, the soil is porous, draining and performance of keeping humidity are good Grown under good, the organic matter relatively abundant, ecological environment of the sandy loam of pH value 5.3~7.8, red soil, yellow soil, produce fruit It is in orange red, seed nuclei number 1.5~3, pol 12~33% when circular, maturation, plants are up to 80~150 days.

2. honey cumquat new varieties cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Make on good quality and high output orchard basis The land used specification of industry be row spacing Lk=77.5~80~82.5cm, furrow width Gk=47.5~50~52.5cm, ditch depth GS1=32~ Between 35~38cm, hole (cave) footpath Φ k=47.5~50~52.5cm, hole (cave) depth KS=47~50~53cm, holes (cave) Hole (cave) position orthogonal (" plum blossom " shape) layout between centre-to-centre spacing KJ=127~130~133cm, two ridge ground.

3. honey cumquat new varieties cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Good quality and high output orchard base manure is thrown It is 1. blue or green 9~10~11kg of weeds per hole (cave) to put consumption, 2. 0.4~0.5~0.6kg of powder lime, 3. water content≤30% Dung polluted water equal proportion mixes 11.5~12~12.5kg of decomposed manure, 4. 0.4~0.5~0.6kg of phosphate fertilizer, the 5. special life of fruit tree Thing 0.4~0.5~0.6kg of active organic fertilizer, 6. 0.2~0.25~0.3kg of composite fertilizer.

4. honey cumquat new varieties cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Good quality and high output orchard base manure is thrown Put operation procedure for successively according to quantity, layering input 1. blue or green weeds, 2. powder lime, 3. appropriate interlayer soil (covered substantially with superficial face Be defined), 4. dung polluted water mixing decomposed manure, 5. phosphate fertilizer, 6. fruit tree biological activity organic fertilizer special, 7. composite fertilizer, 8. last The refinement topsoil of 8~10cm thickness is covered, and distinguishing mark is made in hole (cave) center.

5. honey cumquat new varieties cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In level land or paddy planting honey During candied kumquat, in the case of with reference to its good quality and high output building well principle and job step, bar ditch, furrow width 70cm, depth are excavated by line-spacing 50cm or deep pears use sufficient base manure after harrowing a field, and carry out high ridge plantation, and line-spacing is 2~3m, 1~1.5m of spacing in the rows, and planting density is every 1 × 667m2 (mu) is 222~333 plants.