CN114145178A - Double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis and grape cultivation method - Google Patents
Double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis and grape cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114145178A CN114145178A CN202111257099.XA CN202111257099A CN114145178A CN 114145178 A CN114145178 A CN 114145178A CN 202111257099 A CN202111257099 A CN 202111257099A CN 114145178 A CN114145178 A CN 114145178A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
Abstract
The invention provides a double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis and a grape cultivation method. The grape trellis is a horizontal dragon trunk and double-arc-shaped leaf curtain cultivation mode suitable for northern facility planting, has the advantages of simple structure, firmness, durability, strong ornamental value, quick tree formation, early high yield period, labor saving in management and capability of obviously reducing the production cost of grapes; the tree form can also obviously increase the ratio of leaves to fruits and improve the quality of grapes, can reduce the direct irradiation of sunlight to grapes, can effectively adjust the microenvironment and avoid the occurrence of sunburn diseases, and is suitable for popularization and application as a facility grape cultivation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural facilities, in particular to a double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis and a grape cultivation method.
Background
The grape cultivation frame is very important for regulating and controlling tree vigor and improving fruit quality, and the proper grape cultivation frame is favorable for stabilizing the tree vigor, improving the fruit yield and quality, reducing the labor intensity and being favorable for mechanical operation. For a long time, the grape planting in the north mainly adopts a shaping mode of a single-dragon trunk shaping horizontal leaf curtain greenhouse frame, the greenhouse frame is high in height, and labor is consumed in management. In recent years, the shaping modes of the horizontal dragon trunk and the horizontal leaf screen shed frame (CN103120111A) and the horizontal dragon trunk and the V-shaped leaf screen (CN106134909B) are gradually applied to the production of fresh grapes in the north. The height of the single-dragon trunk and the horizontal leaf curtain canopy frame is generally more than 180cm, the young shoots of the grapes cultivated in the frame type grow in a crossed and overlapped mode, the grapes need to be picked and trimmed for many times in summer, a grower needs to raise the head, time and labor are wasted, the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low; the height of the main trunk of the horizontal single-dragon trunk + V-shaped leaf curtain tree form is generally about 70cm, the height of a fruiting part is relatively consistent about 90cm, the fruit cluster management is convenient, but the young shoots of the tree form grow vertically and obliquely, the top advantages obviously cause the overgrowth of branches, the nutrition is wasted, and the flower bud formation is not facilitated. The two tree forms have the problem of small leaf-fruit ratio, influence on fruit quality and have poor capability of resisting dry hot air in summer and disease of sunscald.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis and a grape cultivation method.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, in a first aspect, the invention provides a double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis, which comprises a plurality of single-arch grape trellis, wherein each single-arch grape trellis (13) consists of a first upright post (1), a second upright post (10), a first arched beam (3), a second arched beam (9), a cement pier (2), a multi-arch reinforcing steel bar (8), a first iron wire (4), a second iron wire (5), a third iron wire (6) and a fourth iron wire (7); the top end of each adjacent first upright post (1) is fixedly connected through a first arched beam (3), and the top end of each adjacent second upright post (10) is fixedly connected through a second arched beam (9); the first arched girder (3) and the second arched girder (9) are arranged in parallel, and the highest point of the first arched girder (3) and the highest point of the second arched girder (9) are fixedly connected through the arch-connecting reinforcing steel bar (8); a plurality of steel wires arranged in parallel with the arch-connected reinforcing steel bars are fixed between the first arched girder (3) and the second arched girder (9); the lower ends of the first upright post and the second upright post are inserted into cement piers, and the cement piers are buried underground.
The single-arch grape trellis is connected side by side to form a double arch and/or connected in series to form a multiple arch.
Preferably, the first arched girder is fixed at the top end of the first upright post, and the height of the tail end of the first arched girder from the ground is 1.0 meter.
Preferably, the first upright post and the second upright post are both galvanized square steel with the side length of the cross section of 80 mm and the wall thickness of 4.0 mm, and the height of the upright posts is 1.8 m.
Preferably, the lower ends of the first upright post and the second upright post are buried underground by 0.8 meter, and the height of the overground part is 1.0 meter.
Preferably, the distance between every two left and right adjacent first upright posts is 3.0 meters, the distance between every two left and right adjacent second upright posts is 2.5 meters, and the distance between every two front and back adjacent upright posts is 4.0 meters.
Preferably, the first arched girder is galvanized rectangular steel with the cross section of 60 mm long, the width of 40 mm and the wall thickness of 4 mm, the length of the first arched girder is 3.6 meters, and the arch height is 1.7 meters to 1.8 meters away from the ground; the second arched girder is a galvanized steel pipe with the outer diameter of 25 mm, the wall thickness of 3 mm and the length of 3.6 m, and the arch height is 1.7 m-1.8 m away from the ground.
Preferably, the double-arch steel bars are galvanized steel pipes with the outer diameter of 25 mm and the wall thickness of 3 mm.
Preferably, the cement pier is a cuboid with the length of 0.3 meter, the width of 0.3 meter and the height of 0.4 meter.
Preferably, the first iron wire is a double-strand No. 8 galvanized iron wire, the second iron wire, the third iron wire and the fourth iron wire are No. 12 galvanized steel wires, and the distance between the iron wires is 0.45 m.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an application of the double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis in vine fruit tree cultivation.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a double-arc-shaped leaf curtain grape cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: erecting the double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis in a plantation; installing a first upright column and a second upright column with preset specifications, and pouring a cement pier at the bottom end of the upright columns; after the cement pier is solidified, installing a first arched girder and a second arched girder, and laying an arch-connecting reinforcing steel bar, a first iron wire, a second iron wire, a third iron wire and a fourth iron wire;
s2: grape seedling field planting: selecting a first-stage detoxified grape seedling, and planting two seedlings in a single hole, wherein the distance between the two seedlings in the single hole is 30-40cm, and the distance between the single hole (the two seedlings) is 4 meters; shearing 2-3 plump buds of the nursery stock before field planting, shearing damaged roots, then shearing the nursery stock by 15-20cm, soaking the nursery stock in clear water for 12-24h, and treating the nursery stock with bactericides such as 3-degree Be-5-degree Be lime sulfur mixture or 0.5-1.0% copper sulfate solution and the like for disinfection;
s3: culturing a horizontal dragon trunk tree form: selecting a robust young sprout to grow vertically after germination, and vertically inserting 1 bamboo pole close to the young seedling when the young sprout grows to 20 cm; pinching when the length of the young shoots reaches 1.5 m, and alternately and reversely pressing and binding the single-hole double-plant nursery stocks on a first iron wire in a forward direction to cultivate and form a main vine; reserving a branch group of a culture result at the upper frame of the main vine, culturing the main vine until the main vine is connected with the next main vine, and finishing the forward horizontal long trunk tree form culture;
s4: secondary tip management: removing the minor tips below 20cm of the main trunk (the trunk is the tree body between the ground and the first iron wire), and removing the core after 2-3 leaves are left on the minor tips above 20 cm; culturing the auxiliary tips on the main vines into fruiting mother branches, and pinching by adopting a 3-3-3 mode, namely, reserving 3 leaves for repeated pinching, and binding the auxiliary tips on a second iron wire;
s5: and (3) fertilizer and water management: in the young sprout 5-10 leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 10 days, nitrogen and phosphorus are taken as main materials, and the dosage per mu is 2 kg; drip-irrigating the fertilizer every 10 days for 1 time when the young shoots reach the full-stand period by 10 leaves, and selecting an N-P-K content balanced water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the dosage of each time is 3-4 kg/mu; after the young shoots are fully erected, properly controlling water, applying a water-soluble fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium for 1 time every 10-15 days, wherein the using amount of the water-soluble fertilizer is 4 kg/mu each time, and stopping top dressing after the main vines are lignified;
s6: pruning in winter: cutting the fully mature main vine at the upper part of the plump bud with the thickness of 0.8cm of the main vine; cutting off all secondary tips on the trunk; cutting 1-2 buds of the auxiliary tips on the horizontal part of the main vine with the thickness of more than 0.6cm, and cutting off the buds from the base part with the thickness of less than 0.6 cm; finishing the shaping of the frame surface in the same year;
s7: construction of double arched leaf curtains: bud picking and later fixing in spring, when the new tip grows to 60cm-70cm, the new tip is bound to the second iron wire towards two sides, the distance between the new tips on the same side is 20cm-25cm, the new tips are gradually grown and bound to the second iron wire, the third iron wire and the fourth iron wire to form an arched leaf curtain, and the width of the unilateral arc-shaped leaf curtain is 1.8 m.
By the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the grape trellis is firm and durable, and has an attractive appearance: the first arched beam is made of rectangular steel with the length of 60 mm, the width of 40 mm and the wall thickness of 4 mm, so that the deformation resistance is higher; the adjacent arched girders are connected through multi-arch steel bars, so that the grape trellis has good stability. The arched grape trellis is beautiful in appearance and extremely suitable for sightseeing picking gardens.
(II) the labor capacity and labor intensity of grape cultivators are obviously reduced: the binding position of the young grape shoots cultivated by the method is 1.3-1.8 m away from the ground, so that operators do not need to bend down and raise the heads, the working strength is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; the height of the grape bearing belt from the ground is about 1.2 meters, the ear management does not need to work on the back, even the operation can be performed by sitting with the help of a chair, and the working intensity is obviously reduced.
And (III) fertilizer and water saving can be realized: by adopting single-hole double-plant field planting, the fertilizer and water application positions are more concentrated, the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water is improved, fertilizer and water can be saved, and the planting cost of grapes is reduced.
(IV) the tree form is easy to cultivate, the forming is fast, and the yield is high early: the method for managing the minor tips is improved, 2-3 leaves are left on the minor tips of the main trunk for pinching without removing the minor tips of the main trunk, so that the growth advantage of the main vine at the top end is not influenced, the number of plant leaves is increased, and the stout of the main trunk is promoted; the minor tips of the main tendrils adopt a 3-3-3 pinching mode to promote the flower bud differentiation of the minor tips, and the minor tips are used as bearing branches in the next year to bear fruits, so that the yield is higher.
(V) the micro-area environment of the fruit cluster is improved, and the fruit quality is obviously improved: compared with a V-shaped leaf curtain, the constructed double-arc-shaped leaf curtain can obviously increase the effective photosynthetic area of plants, the leaf area index of the fruiting belt is increased, the leaf-fruit ratio is improved, and the fruit quality is improved; the tree form can improve the micro-domain environment of the clusters, and effectively avoids the influence of adverse climate factors such as high temperature, dry hot air, excessive illumination and the like on the grapes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a partial structural schematic view of a horizontal dragon trunk and double arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the new distribution of the horizontal dragon trunk and double arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of binding main vines of horizontal trunk + double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of a horizontal dragon trunk + double arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a first upright post; 2. cement pier; 3. a first arched beam; 4. a first iron wire; 5. a second iron wire; 6. a third iron wire; 7. a fourth iron wire; 8. linking arch reinforcing steel bars; 9. a second arched girder; 10. a second upright post; 11. the height d of the overground part of the upright post; 12. the arch height D.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are commercially available products.
The grape leaf curtain type is defined according to the leaf curtain shape of a single tree. In the invention, the double arc shape means that the branches of a single tree grow towards two sides along an arch frame to form an arc shape.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a horizontal raisin and double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for facility planting in the north and a cultivation method, the grape trellis has the advantages of simple structure, firmness, durability, strong ornamental value, quick tree formation, early harvest time, labor-saving management and capability of obviously reducing the production cost of grapes; the tree form can also obviously increase the ratio of leaves to fruits and improve the quality of grapes, can reduce the direct irradiation of sunlight to the grapes, and can effectively adjust the microenvironment and avoid the occurrence of sunburn diseases.
The embodiment provides the level longgan + double arc leaf curtain that is suitable for north facility planting and encircles grape trellis even, includes a plurality of single hunch grape trellis, single hunch grape trellis 13 comprises first stand 1, second stand 10, first arched girder 3, second arched girder 9, cement pier 2, allies oneself with a reinforcing bar 8, first iron wire 4, second iron wire 5, third iron wire 6, fourth iron wire 7. The top end of each adjacent first upright post 1 is fixedly connected through a first arched girder 3, and the first arched girder 3 and a second arched girder 9 are fixedly connected through a multi-arch reinforcing steel bar 8. A plurality of supporting steel wires are also fixed between the first arched girder 3 and the second arched girder 9. The bottom of the first upright post is inserted and connected with a cement pier 2.
The first arched girder is fixed at the top end of the first upright post, and the height d from the ground is 1.0 m.
Preferably, the first upright post and the second upright post are made of galvanized square steel with the length of 80 mm, the width of 80 mm, the wall thickness of 4.0 mm and the length of 1.8 m, the bottom of the first upright post is inserted into a cement pier, the cement pier is buried underground, the bottoms of the first upright post and the second upright post are buried underground for 0.8 m, and the height d of the overground part of the upright posts is 1.0 m.
Preferably, the distance between every two left and right adjacent first upright posts is 3.0 meters, the distance between every two left and right adjacent second upright posts is 2.5 meters, and the distance between every two front and back adjacent upright posts is 4.0 meters.
Preferably, the first arched girder is galvanized rectangular steel with the cross section of 60 mm in length, the width of 40 mm and the wall thickness of 4 mm, the length of 3.6 m and the arch height D from the ground is 1.7 m-1.8 m, the second arched girder is galvanized steel pipe with the outer diameter of 25 mm, the wall thickness of 3 mm and the length of 3.6 m, and the arch height from the ground is 1.7 m-1.8 m.
Preferably, the double-arch steel bars are galvanized steel pipes with the outer diameter of 25 mm and the wall thickness of 3 mm.
Preferably, the cement pier is 0.3 m long, 0.3 m wide and 0.4 m high.
Preferably, first iron wire is double-stranded No. 8 galvanized iron wire, and second iron wire, third iron wire, fourth iron wire are No. 12 galvanized steel wires, and the distance between each iron wire is 0.45 meters.
The embodiment also provides a horizontal dragon trunk and double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis cultivation method suitable for northern facility planting, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mounting a grape trellis, mounting a first upright column and a second upright column with preset specifications, and pouring a cement pier at the bottom end of the upright column; and after the cement pier is solidified, installing a first arched beam and a second arched beam, and laying a multi-arch reinforcing steel bar, a first iron wire, a second iron wire, a third iron wire and a fourth iron wire.
S2: grape seedling field planting: selecting first-stage detoxicated grape seedlings, planting in single hole with 30-40cm distance between two seedlings and 4 m distance between two seedlings in each hole. Cutting 2-3 plump buds of the nursery stock before planting, cutting damaged roots, cutting 15-20cm, soaking in clear water for 12-24h, and sterilizing with 3-5 degree Be lime sulfur mixture or 0.5-1.0% copper sulfate solution.
S3: culturing a horizontal dragon trunk tree form: selecting a robust young sprout to grow vertically after germination, and vertically inserting 1 bamboo pole close to the young seedling when the young sprout grows to 20 cm; when the length of the young shoots reaches 1.5 m, pinching is carried out, the seedlings with two plants in one hole are crossed and reversed, are pressed down and tied on the first iron wire in a forward direction, and are cultured to form the main vines. And reserving a branch group for culturing the fruiting at the upper frame of the main vine, culturing the main vine until the main vine is connected with the next main vine, and finishing the forward horizontal long trunk tree-shaped culture.
S4: secondary tip management: removing the minor tips below 20cm of the main trunk (the trunk is the tree body between the ground and the first iron wire), and removing the core after 2-3 leaves are left on the minor tips above 20 cm; and (3) culturing the auxiliary tips on the main vines to form fruiting mother branches, and pinching by adopting a 3-3-3 mode, namely, repeatedly pinching by reserving 3 leaves, and binding the auxiliary tips on a second iron wire.
S5: and (3) fertilizer and water management: in the young sprout 5-10 leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 10 days, nitrogen and phosphorus are taken as main materials, and the dosage per mu is 2 kg; 10 leaves of the young shoots are in the full-stand period, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 10 days, and N-P-K content balanced water soluble fertilizer is selected, wherein the dosage per mu is 3-4 kg; after the young shoots are fully erected, properly controlling water, applying a water-soluble fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium for 1 time every 10-15 days, wherein the dosage of each mu is 4kg, and stopping top dressing after the main vines are lignified.
S6: pruning in winter: cutting the fully mature main vine at the upper part of the plump bud with the thickness of 0.8cm of the main vine; cutting off all secondary tips on the trunk; and (3) trimming the auxiliary tips on the horizontal part of the main vines by leaving 1-2 buds with the thickness of more than 0.6cm, and trimming the buds from the base part with the thickness of less than 0.6 cm. Finishing the shaping of the frame surface in the current year.
S7: constructing a double-arc-shaped blade curtain: bud picking and later fixing in spring, when the new tip grows to 60-70 cm, the new tip is bound to the second iron wire towards two sides, the distance between the new tips on the same side is 20-25cm, the new tips are gradually grown and bound to the second iron wire, the third iron wire and the fourth iron wire to form an arched leaf curtain, and the width of the single-side leaf curtain is 1.8 m.
The invention relates to a horizontal dragon trunk and double arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities, which is shown in a partial structural schematic diagram in figure 1.
The invention relates to a novel distribution schematic diagram of a horizontal dragon trunk and double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities, which is shown in figure 2.
The invention relates to a main vine binding schematic diagram of a horizontal trunk and double-arc leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities, which is shown in figure 3.
The picture of the horizontal dragon trunk and double arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities is shown in figure 4.
The invention provides a horizontal dragon trunk and double arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis suitable for northern facilities and a cultivation method, wherein the horizontal dragon trunk and double arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis comprises the following steps:
(1) the invention adopts single-hole double-plant field planting, and two grape trunks are crossed and reversely grown at a certain height (0.8 m) to form a structure similar to a T shape. The adoption of one-hole double-plant field planting has the advantages of fast tree form formation, early fruiting, contribution to fertilizer and water management and labor saving.
(2) Changes the shape of the leaf curtain, is beneficial to stabilizing the tree vigor and promoting flower bud differentiation. The horizontal dragon trunk and the V-shaped leaf curtain tree-shaped young shoots grow vertically and obliquely, the advantages of the tree-shaped top ends are obvious, the young shoots grow excessively, nutrition is wasted, and flower bud differentiation is not facilitated. The new shoots of the tree form grow into an arch shape by bending, and the front section of the tree form even grows downwards along the cambered surface, thereby reducing the top advantages, stabilizing the tree vigor and promoting the flower bud differentiation.
(3) A secondary shoot management method is innovated, the cultivation of a thick and strong trunk is facilitated, and by utilizing secondary shoot fruiting, flower buds are consistent in germination, the germination rate is high, and the fruiting rate is high. Specifically, the auxiliary tips below 30cm on the main stem are completely removed, the auxiliary tips above 30cm do not need the traditional management method of completely removing, and 2-3 leaves are reserved for pinching after the elimination, so that the growth of the main stem is not influenced, and the thickness of the main stem is favorably enhanced; and (3) pinching the auxiliary tips on the main vines in a pinching mode of 3-3-3, so that the thickening of the auxiliary tips and the differentiation of flower buds are facilitated.
(4) The tree shape of the grape tree can regulate and control a fruit growth microenvironment, so that direct irradiation of sunlight to grape fruits can be obviously reduced, and damages to grapes caused by dry hot air and sunburn in summer can be avoided; in addition, the tree shape is beautiful and the ornamental effect is strong.
Example 2
CN106134909B discloses a planting method for grapes by utilizing the cooperation of an inclined or horizontal dragon trunk tree form and a V-shaped leaf curtain facility, which adopts single-hole double-plant field planting, and stems form horizontal dragon trunks along the forward direction, and unlike the method, the stems of two grape trees cultivated by adopting the single-hole double-plant field planting grow in the horizontal direction in a crossed and reverse manner at the height of 1.0 m to form a T-shaped structure.
The leaf curtain of the tree shape is double arc-shaped, compared with a V-shaped leaf curtain, the length of the new tip of the tree shape is 150cm and is obviously greater than that of the horizontal dragon trunk and the V-shaped leaf curtain; the average internode length of the young shoots of the tree form is 9.5cm, which is less than the internode length of the young shoots of the horizontal dragon trunk and the V-shaped blade curtain, and the eye plumpness of the young shoots of the tree form is increased, which shows that the tree form has the function of stabilizing the tree vigor; the leaf-fruit ratio of the tree form is 16:1, and compared with a horizontal dragon trunk and V-shaped leaf curtain, the tree form improves the leaf-fruit ratio, improves the soluble solid content and anthocyanin content of fruits, and reduces the titratable acid content. Overall, the fruit quality performance of the tree according to the invention is clearly superior to that of the V-veined tree (tables 1 and 2).
TABLE 1 comparison of young shoots, leaves and fruits of different "Miguang" grapes
| Tree shaped | Young sprout length (cm) | Average internode length (cm) | Leaf fruit ratio | Degree of eye plumpness (%) |
| Horizontal dragon trunk and V-shaped leaf curtain | 120 | 11.8 | 10:1 | 86.4 |
| Horizontal dragon trunk and double-arc-shaped leaf curtain | 150 | 9.5 | 16:1 | 76.7 |
TABLE 2 comparison of the quality of different Tree-shaped "nectar" grapes
| Tree shaped | Soluble solids content (%) | Titratable acid (%) | Cyanine (mg/g) |
| Horizontal dragon trunk and V-shaped leaf curtain | 17.4 | 0.41 | 0.27 |
| Horizontal dragon trunk and double-arc-shaped leaf curtain | 19.6 | 0.38 | 0.33 |
CN103392553B discloses a method for shaping and cultivating a bird-shaped tree form of grapes, which is characterized in that during conventional management, the minor tips of a main stem are uniformly removed, 2-3 leaves are left on the minor tips of the main stem in the invention for pinching, and the pinching mode can promote the trunk to be thick and strong.
As shown in Table 3, the tree form greatly reduces the occurrence of sunburn diseases and improves the commodity fruit rate.
TABLE 3 occurrence of sunburn of different tree-shaped "nectar" grapes
| Tree shaped | Incidence of sunscald (%) | Commercial fruit rate (%) |
| Bird flying frame | 5.4 | 86.4 |
| Horizontal dragon trunk and double-arc-shaped leaf curtain | 0.8 | 92.7 |
The tree form of the double-arc leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis reduces the labor intensity of fruit thinning, tip tying and the like, improves the working efficiency, and the bird rack needs about 2450 yuan per mu per year, the double-arc leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis needs about 1950 yuan per mu per year, and the labor is saved by 500 yuan per mu.
The grape tree form cultivated by the method is of a multi-arch structure, has attractive appearance and strong ornamental value, and is particularly suitable for sightseeing and picking orchards.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The double-arc-shaped leaf curtain multi-arch grape trellis is characterized by comprising a plurality of single-arch grape trellis, wherein each single-arch grape trellis (13) consists of a first upright post (1), a second upright post (10), a first arched beam (3), a second arched beam (9), a cement pier (2), multi-arch reinforcing steel bars (8), a first iron wire (4), a second iron wire (5), a third iron wire (6) and a fourth iron wire (7); the top end of each adjacent first upright post (1) is fixedly connected through a first arched beam (3), and the top end of each adjacent second upright post (10) is fixedly connected through a second arched beam (9); the first arched girder (3) and the second arched girder (9) are arranged in parallel, and the highest point of the first arched girder (3) and the highest point of the second arched girder (9) are fixedly connected through the arch-connecting reinforcing steel bar (8); a plurality of steel wires arranged in parallel with the arch-connected reinforcing steel bars are fixed between the first arched girder (3) and the second arched girder (9); the lower ends of the first upright post and the second upright post are inserted into cement piers, and the cement piers are buried underground;
the single-arch grape trellis is connected side by side to form a double arch and/or connected in series to form a multiple arch.
2. The grape trellis of claim 1, wherein the first arched girder is fixed to the top end of the first column, and the top end of the first arched girder has a height of 1.0 meter from the ground.
3. The grape trellis of claim 1, wherein the first and second columns are each galvanized square steel with a side length of 80 mm and a wall thickness of 4.0 mm, and the height of the column is 1.8 m;
the lower ends of the first upright post and the second upright post are buried underground for 0.8 m, and the height of the overground part is 1.0 m.
4. The grape trellis of claim 1, wherein the distance between every two left and right adjacent first uprights is 3.0 meters, the distance between every two left and right adjacent second uprights is 2.5 meters, and the distance between every two front and rear adjacent uprights is 4.0 meters.
5. The grape trellis of claim 1, wherein the first arched beam is galvanized rectangular steel with a cross section of 60 mm long, 40 mm wide, 4 mm wall thickness, 3.6 m long, and an arch height of 1.7-1.8 m from the ground; the second arched girder is a galvanized steel pipe with the outer diameter of 25 mm, the wall thickness of 3 mm and the length of 3.6 m, and the arch height is 1.7 m-1.8 m away from the ground.
6. The grape trellis of claim 1, wherein the multi-arch rebar is a galvanized steel pipe having an outer diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm.
7. Grape trellis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cement pier is a cuboid with a length of 0.3 meter, a width of 0.3 meter and a height of 0.4 meter.
8. The grape trellis of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first iron wire is a two-strand No. 8 galvanized iron wire, the second iron wire, the third iron wire, and the fourth iron wire are No. 12 galvanized steel wires, and the distance between the wires is 0.45 meters.
9. Use of the grape trellis of any one of claims 1-8 in vine fruit cultivation.
10. The double-arc-shaped leaf curtain grape cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: erecting the grape trellis of any one of claims 1-8 in a plantation;
s2: grape seedling field planting: selecting first-stage detoxified grape seedlings, and planting the grape seedlings in single holes and two seedlings, wherein the distance between the two seedlings in a single hole is 30-40cm, and the distance between the single holes is 4 meters; cutting 2-3 plump buds of the nursery stock before field planting, cutting damaged roots, cutting by 15-20cm, soaking in clear water for 12-24h, and sterilizing the nursery stock with 3-degree Be-5-degree Be lime sulfur mixture or 0.5-1.0% copper sulfate solution;
s3: culturing a horizontal dragon trunk tree form: selecting a robust young sprout to grow vertically after germination, and vertically inserting 1 bamboo pole close to the young seedling when the young sprout grows to 20 cm; pinching when the length of the young shoots reaches 1.5 m, and alternately and reversely pressing and binding the single-hole double-plant nursery stocks on a first iron wire in a forward direction to cultivate and form a main vine; reserving a branch group of a culture result at the upper frame of the main vine, culturing the main vine until the main vine is connected with the next main vine, and finishing the forward horizontal long trunk tree form culture;
s4: secondary tip management: removing the minor tips below 20cm of the trunk, and removing the core of the minor tips above 20cm after 2-3 leaves are left; culturing the auxiliary tips on the main vines into fruiting main branches, and binding the auxiliary tips on a second iron wire;
s5: and (3) fertilizer and water management: in the young sprout 5-10 leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 10 days, nitrogen and phosphorus are taken as main materials, and the dosage per mu is 2 kg; drip-irrigating the fertilizer every 10 days for 1 time when the young shoots reach the full-stand period by 10 leaves, and selecting an N-P-K content balanced water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the dosage of each time is 3-4 kg/mu; after the young shoots are fully erected, properly controlling water, applying a water-soluble fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium for 1 time every 10-15 days, wherein the using amount of the water-soluble fertilizer is 4 kg/mu each time, and stopping top dressing after the main vines are lignified;
s6: pruning in winter: cutting the fully mature main vine at the upper part of the plump bud with the thickness of 0.8cm of the main vine; cutting off all secondary tips on the trunk; cutting 1-2 buds of the auxiliary tips on the horizontal part of the main vine with the thickness of more than 0.6cm, and cutting off the buds from the base part with the thickness of less than 0.6 cm;
s7: constructing a double-arc-shaped blade curtain: bud picking and later fixing in spring, when a new tip grows to 60-70 cm, the new tip is bound to the second iron wire towards two sides, the distance between the new tips on the same side is 20-25cm, the new tips are gradually bound to the second iron wire, the third iron wire and the fourth iron wire along with the growth of the new tip, a double-arc-shaped leaf curtain is formed, and the width of the single-side arc-shaped leaf curtain is 1.8 m.
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