CN114007762A - 用于从使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔表面移除密封剂的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于从使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔表面移除密封剂的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN114007762A
CN114007762A CN202080045746.8A CN202080045746A CN114007762A CN 114007762 A CN114007762 A CN 114007762A CN 202080045746 A CN202080045746 A CN 202080045746A CN 114007762 A CN114007762 A CN 114007762A
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CN114007762B (zh
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罗伯特·庞顿
C·卡帕尔迪
L·卡蒙仕
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Bridgestone Europe NV SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于处理使用结束的充气轮胎的系统和方法，所述充气轮胎设置有内衬(SAL)层，该内衬(SAL)层利用旨在密封任何刺孔并且至少部分地涂覆到所述使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔(2)的表面的密封剂制造；所述系统(1)包括：涂覆器装置(6)，其设置有至少一个喷嘴(13)，喷嘴以密封剂(SAL)层达到固态的方式将优选为液氮的冷却流体分配到密封剂(SAL)层上；用于移除固体密封剂(SAL)层的装置(14)，其设置有工具(16)，工具(16)用于通过机械磨蚀来移除固体密封剂(SAL)层；以及用于通过工具(16)抽吸固体密封剂的回路(17)。

Description

用于从使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔表面移除密封剂的方法和 系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于从使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔表面移除密封剂的方法和系统。
背景技术
众所周知，充气轮胎包括具有两个环形胎圈并且支撑环形胎面的环形胎体。胎面带束介于胎体和包括多个胎面帘布层的胎面之间。胎体支撑配置在胎面和胎圈之间的一对胎侧。内衬层配置在气密的主体帘布层内，构成内衬并且具有将空气保持在充气轮胎内的功能以便随时间保持充气轮胎自身的充气压力。
近年来，充气轮胎的发展已经针对具有内衬的充气轮胎，该内衬是用旨在密封任何刺孔的密封剂制造的。通常，密封剂具有高粘度，以确保与任何刺孔相关的密封作用及其在内腔内的稳定性，而无论充气轮胎的状况如何。
将密封剂涂覆到预硫化的充气轮胎，并优选涂覆到充气轮胎的与道路接触的区域(或充气轮胎的其中可能发生刺破的区域)内的内衬层。特别地，将密封剂涂覆在胎面处并且至少部分地涂覆在胎侧处。
此外，众所周知，由于充气轮胎的市场容量大及其复杂的再循环过程，使用过的充气轮胎是当今欧洲最大的废物来源之一。由ETRMA设定的目标设想减少丢弃在填埋场中的充气轮胎的数量，使得在将来的几年中几乎所有使用结束的充气轮胎将被处理以用于生产能量和/或二次材料。
然而，已被涂覆了密封剂层的使用结束的充气轮胎不能被再循环，并且必须进行热拆模，这是因为密封剂将对那些通常在用于使用结束的充气轮胎的处置循环中采用的切碎机造成不可修复的损坏。
实用新型CN2027652668U记载了一种使用高压水射流清洗充气轮胎表面的机器。
实用新型CN207806024U和专利申请CN108311455A记载了一种用于清洗和然后干燥充气轮胎的机器。
专利申请EPO3085523A1记载了一种用于将自密封材料层涂覆到充气轮胎的内表面的设备。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于从使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔表面移除密封剂的系统，该系统没有现有技术的缺点并且特别地制造容易且便宜。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于从使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔表面移除密封剂的方法，该方法没有现有技术的缺点并且特别地制造容易且便宜。
根据本发明，提供了根据所附技术方案的用于从使用结束的充气轮胎的内腔表面移除密封剂的方法和系统。
附图说明
现在参照附图说明本发明，附图示出了多个非限制性的示例性实施方式，其中：
图1是用于涂覆根据本发明制造的系统的冷却流体(cryogenic fluid)的装置的示意图，其中为了清楚起见而去掉了一部分；以及
图2是根据本发明制造的系统的用于移除密封剂层的装置的示意图，其中为了清楚起见而去掉了一部分。
具体实施方式
参照图1和图2，附图标记1表示用于处理使用结束的充气轮胎3的整个系统，该充气轮胎3设置有利用旨在密封任何刺孔的密封剂制造的内衬SAL层。系统1设计成将冷却流体涂覆到密封剂的SAL层，其又转而被涂覆到使用结束的充气轮胎3的内腔2的表面，并且随后用于从所述内腔2的表面移除密封剂层。
使用结束的充气轮胎3配置于支撑件4上，支撑件4被预置用于锁定使用结束的充气轮胎3并经由电动辊5使充气轮胎3围绕其中心轴线X旋转。支撑件4被设计成使充气轮胎3以基本恒定的速度，并且优选在1m/min和15m/min之间，旋转。优选地，以在围绕轴线X的旋转运动期间防止充气轮胎3自身的任何横向平移的方式将使用结束的充气轮胎3收容在支撑件4内。
系统1还包括涂覆冷却流体的装置6，其通过配备有可动臂7的机器人方便地实施并且旨在以均匀的方式用冷却流体涂布密封剂的SAL层。涂覆器装置6设计成能够以使得在内腔2内直接面对密封剂的SAL层的涂覆位置移动和配置的方式移动。在涂覆位置中，涂覆器装置6配置在离密封剂的SAL层确定的距离L1(不是零，以实施非接触涂覆)处。
涂覆器装置6旨在通过在内腔2的两个侧端之间的往复运动来利用冷却流体均匀地覆盖密封剂的SAL层；特别地，臂7在基本垂直于使用结束的充气轮胎3的赤道面的平面内移动。使用结束的充气轮胎3围绕轴线X的旋转和臂7的运动的组合产生了具有螺旋进展的冷却流体的涂覆。更具体地，涂覆器装置6旨在仅在使用结束的充气轮胎3的设置有密封剂的SAL层并旨在与沥青接触的部分内涂覆冷却流体(换言之，在胎面处以及至少部分地在使用结束的充气轮胎3的胎侧处)。
涂覆器装置6与供应冷却流体的回路8相连，并且回路8包括优选由金属材料制成并包含冷却流体的罐9、源自罐9并与涂覆器装置6液压连通的导管10以及从罐9中抽吸冷却流体并在压力下将其输送到涂覆器装置6的泵送装置11。
根据优选的变型例，涂覆器装置6借助于在可动臂7的轴向端处的分配头12来实施，并且该分配头12支撑至少一个喷嘴13，以便以非接触的方式执行冷却流体的涂覆。根据优选的变型例，分配头12支撑多个具有彼此平行并且垂直于轴线X的各自的轴线的喷嘴13。
在涂覆位置中，每个喷嘴13均直接面对密封剂的SAL层，并配置在与密封剂的SAL层相距距离L1处。
使使用结束的充气轮胎3围绕轴线X旋转360°的电动辊5的自动运动使得能够将冷却流体均匀地涂覆到密封剂的整个SAL层上。
根据优选的变型例，所采用的冷却流体是沸点为-195.82℃的液氮(N2)。根据另一变型例，所采用的冷却流体是沸点为-78℃的干冰(CO2)。
涂覆到处于半流体状态的密封剂的SAL层的冷却流体导致密封剂的SAL层本身的温度降低。当使用结束的充气轮胎3已经完成围绕轴线X的一系列360°旋转时，涂布有冷却流体的密封剂的SAL层已经硬化，从而降低其弹性和粘度。换言之，在冷却流体的温度下，密封剂的SAL层呈现固态。
最后，系统1包括用于移除固体密封剂的SAL层的装置14，其通过配备有可动臂15的机器人方便地实施。移除装置14以使其能够移动到并配置在内腔2内的直接面对并与固体密封剂的SAL层接触的工作位置中的方式可移动地实施。
移除装置14旨在借助于在内腔2的两个侧端之间的往复运动而使用机械磨蚀移除固体密封剂的SAL层；特别地，可动臂15在基本垂直于使用结束的充气轮胎3的赤道面的平面内移动。使用结束的充气轮胎3围绕轴线X的旋转和臂15的移动的组合导致以螺旋进展的方式移除，这使得能够完全地移除固体密封剂的SAL层。
根据优选的变型例，移除装置14借助于配置在可动臂15的轴向端处并支撑工具(特别是砂轮16)的头来实施，以便实施固体密封剂的SAL层的移除/磨蚀。
借助于移除装置6移除的用于密封剂的抽吸回路17连接到移除装置14。抽吸回路17通过将由砂轮16作用在固体密封剂的SAL层上而产生的颗粒/灰尘流引导到充气轮胎3的、内腔2外侧来实施。更具体地，抽吸回路17包括用于收集密封剂的罐18、抽吸泵(未示出)，该抽吸泵经由源自抽吸头20并流入罐18中的导管19连接到抽吸头20。抽吸头20抽吸从内腔2中移除的密封剂，并经由导管19将其供给到罐18。抽吸头20是可移动的，在内腔2的两个侧端之间往复运动；特别地，抽吸头20在基本垂直于使用结束的充气轮胎3的赤道面的平面内移动。
优选地，抽吸头20与移除装置14一体形成；换言之，配置在支撑砂轮16的可动臂15的轴向端处的头也配备有抽吸头20。抽吸头20优选配置在砂轮16附近。
重要的是，只要密封剂的SAL层处于固态，就能够去除/抽吸由砂轮16移除的固体，以防止其在温度升高之后返回到半流体状态并且因此防止具有使得密封剂的SAL层难以加工/操作的弹性和粘度。
支撑件4的使使用结束的充气轮胎3围绕轴线X旋转360°的自动运动和臂15的运动的组合使得能够移除固体密封剂的整个SAL层。
系统1优选收容在隔离的腔室内，以保持最低可能的温度。
根据一变型例，涂覆器装置6和移除装置14能够被容纳在公共臂上(也就是说，根据该变型例，臂7和臂15可以重合)。
以下将说明系统1的操作方法，其依次包括以下步骤：
-操作者或者可选地自动机械手将使用结束的充气轮胎3配置在支撑件4上，并借助于胎侧21以防止充气轮胎3自身的任何横向平移的方式将其锁定；
-响应于给定的操作者指令，在将涂覆器装置6插入到腔2的内部中并将涂覆器装置6自身配置在离密封剂的SAL层的距离为L1处的同时将涂覆器装置6放置在涂覆位置；
-在通过电动辊5使使用结束的充气轮胎3围绕轴线X旋转的情况下借助于分配头12(特别是借助于喷嘴13)开始冷却流体的涂覆；同时，臂7在内腔2的两个侧端之间往复运动；
-一旦经过了预定持续时间的时间间隔(其能够根据所采用的冷却流体的类型而变化)，就停止冷却流体的涂覆；
-停止电动辊5，并且停止在内腔2的两侧端之间的臂7的运动；
-从内腔2中抽出涂覆器装置6；
-将移除装置14插入到内腔2中；
-一旦经过了从冷却流体的涂覆开始起的一段时间间隔(即预定的持续时间、并且根据所采用的冷却流体的类型而变化)，就将砂轮16放置成与密封剂层接触，以便开始移除；
-通过电动辊5使使用结束的充气轮胎3再次围绕轴线X旋转，臂15在内腔2的两个侧端之间通过往复运动同步地移动，同时砂轮16实施固体密封剂的SAL层的磨蚀；
-在使用结束的充气轮胎3围绕轴线X并且与砂轮16的动作同步的旋转过程中，抽吸从内腔2抽吸的固体密封剂的SAL层并且将其供给到罐18的抽吸元件20被激活；
-在固体密封剂的SAL层的磨蚀和抽吸结束时(当使用结束的充气轮胎3已经完成一系列360°旋转以获得螺旋进展时)，停止电动辊5并且停止臂15在内腔2的两侧端之间的运动；
-从内腔2中取出移除装置14；
-操作者或者可选地自动机械手移除胎侧21并从支撑件4取出使用结束的充气轮胎3。
前面讨论中说明的系统1的优点是显而易见的。特别地，使用涂覆器6和移除装置14可以有效地从使用结束的充气轮胎3移除密封剂的整个SAL层，然后该SAL层能够被再循环并且不需要进行热拆卸。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于处理使用结束的充气轮胎(3)的系统，所述充气轮胎(3)设置有内衬(SAL)层，该内衬(SAL)层利用旨在密封任何刺孔并且至少部分地涂覆到所述充气轮胎(3)的内腔(2)的表面的密封剂实施；所述系统(1)包括：
涂覆器装置(6)，其配备有第一可动臂(7)，所述第一可动臂(7)具有分配冷却流体的在轴向端处的至少一个喷嘴(13)，用于以所述密封剂(SAL)层达到固态的方式均匀地涂布密封剂(SAL)层，所述冷却流体优选为液氮；
用于移除固体密封剂(SAL)层的装置(14)，其配备有第二可动臂(15)，所述第二可动臂(15)在轴向端处具有至少一个工具(16)，所述工具(16)用于通过机械磨蚀来移除固体密封剂(SAL)层；以及
用于抽吸固体密封剂的回路(17)，其旨在借助于抽吸将通过所述工具(16)作用在固体密封剂(SAL)层上而产生的颗粒/灰尘流引导到所述内腔(2)的外部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一臂(7)能够在所述内腔(2)的两个侧端之间移动，并且以使所述喷嘴(13)定位成与密封剂(SAL)层相距非零距离(L1)的方式配置在所述内腔(2)内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一可动臂(7)在其一个轴向端处配备有多个喷嘴(13)，所述喷嘴具有彼此平行并且垂直于使用结束的充气轮胎(3)的对称轴线(X)的相应轴线。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项的系统，其特征在于，所述抽吸回路(17)包括用于收集密封剂的罐(18)和借助于导管(19)连接到抽吸头(20)的抽吸泵，所述抽吸头(20)能够在所述内腔(2)的两个侧端之间移动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于：
所述抽吸头(20)与所述抽吸装置(14)一体地形成；以及
在所述工具(16)和所述抽吸头(20)两者的轴向端处设置有第二臂(15)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括支撑件(4)，所述支撑件(4)被预置用于借助于电动辊(5)使使用结束的充气轮胎(3)围绕其中心轴线(X)旋转并利用胎侧(21)将其锁定，以阻碍任何横向平移。
7.一种用于处理使用结束的充气轮胎(3)的方法，所述充气轮胎(3)设置有内衬(SAL)层，所述内衬(SAL)层利用旨在密封任何刺孔并且至少部分地涂覆到所述充气轮胎(3)的内腔(2)的表面的密封剂制成；所述方法包括以下步骤：
分配冷却流体，用于以密封剂(SAL)层达到固态的方式均匀地涂布密封剂(SAL)层，所述冷却流体优选为液氮；
在从分配步骤开始的具有预定持续时间的时间间隔之后，借助于机械磨蚀移除固体密封剂(SAL)层；以及
在将通过移除步骤产生的颗粒/灰尘的流引导到所述内腔(2)的外部时抽吸所述颗粒/灰尘的流。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，一旦经过了从分配步骤开始的持续时间根据所采用的冷却流体类型而变化的时间间隔，就开始移除步骤。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：使使用结束的充气轮胎(3)围绕其对称轴线(X)旋转。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，抽吸步骤与移除步骤同步实施。
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