CN113854027A - Asexual propagation method of wild hazel and hazel fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetative propagation method of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree, which comprises the following steps: layering the native plant branches; the pressed branches are subjected to hormone treatment to promote the seedlings to germinate and grow vertically to the ground; making cutting slips by using newly germinated branches; the invention adopts a proper rooting matrix, a rooting agent and a bactericide and insecticide, adopts a full-illumination spray cuttage technology to accelerate the rooting process, is suitable for the technical field of fruit tree vegetative propagation, adopts a method combining a horizontal layering and a full-illumination spray twig cuttage technology, and utilizes the top growth advantage to firstly carry out horizontal layering on the branches of a mother plant under the condition of not damaging the superior line of the original mother plant so as to obtain more cuttings with the top advantage, and does not damage the original branches, thereby filling the blank of the hazel vegetative propagation technology.

Description

Asexual propagation method of wild hazel and hazel fruit trees

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree vegetative propagation, and particularly relates to a method for vegetative propagation of a wild hazel fruit tree.

Background

Filberts are always in short supply and short supply as high-grade nuts in China, the main reason is that the main foreign cultivar Corylus avellana L has poor cold resistance and is not suitable for growing in most areas of China, hybrid varieties (strains) of mixed pollen of excellent single plants of Corylus avellana (C.helerophylla Fisch.) cultivated in China and Corylus avellana are called Corylus avellana (C.helerophylla X C.avellana), the production is also called hybrid Corylus avellana or large-fruit Corylus avellana has limited suitable cultivation areas, planting cannot be widely carried out, and particularly, the northern cold area is lack of excellent cold-resistant cultivars, so that the selection of large-fruit, thin-shell, high-kernel rate, high quality and excellent single plants with strong cold resistance in local wild Corylus avellana is particularly important for propagation.

The corylus plant germplasm resources in China are rich and widely distributed, but are limited by factors such as varieties, climates, cultivation techniques and the like, most of the resources are in a wild state, and the current situations of low yield, poor economic benefit, late starting of horticultural cultivation and the like are caused. In mountainous areas such as Changbai mountain pulse in northeast China and Daxiao Xinghan AnLing, rich wild hazel germplasm resources are provided, local wild hazel resources are introduced and domesticated, the wild resources are changed into cultivars, high yield and high quality are achieved, and the economic benefit of wild hazel forests is improved; secondly, the variety of excellent hazelnut can be bred by utilizing the germplasm resources of the wild hazelnut forest, a plurality of special germplasm resources such as the high cold resistance of the hazelnuts and the hazelnuts, the unique kernel fragrance of the hazelnuts and the like are developed and utilized, compared with the introduced variety, the hazelnuts have the characteristics of lower cultivation and management cost and strong stress resistance, and are more suitable for being planted in the cold regions in the north of Jilin and Heilongjiang, but the filbert production current situations in the regions are that wild fruits are picked, the wild fruits cannot be cultivated and popularized, the propagation mode is only limited to seed propagation, but the hazelnuts belong to fruit trees with high gene impurity degree, the shape separation of offspring is large, so the plants obtained by the sexual propagation mode cannot keep the same characters as mother plants, the value is low, although the pressing bar method and the cutting propagation method which are widely used for hybridizing the hazelnuts can enable the characters of the mother plants to be stably expressed, but destroy the original habitatarious environment of the mother plants, the number of the collected branches is small, and the two technologies are not suitable for the asexual propagation of the wild hazelnuts, therefore, the deficiency of the existing propagation technology causes that the wild hazel filbert superior line can not be cultivated and popularized, thereby forming the industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a vegetative propagation method of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a vegetative propagation method of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree comprises the following steps:

layering the native plant branches;

the pressed branches are subjected to hormone treatment to promote the seedlings to germinate and grow vertically to the ground;

making cutting slips by using newly germinated branches;

the rooting process is accelerated by adopting a proper rooting matrix, a rooting agent and a bactericide and insecticide and adopting a full-exposure spray cutting technology.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

treating the mother tree: digging 0.3m deep soil at two points around the crown, applying 2kg of general compound fertilizer at each point, simultaneously spraying 800-fold Bordeaux mixture, and spraying 1000-fold carbendazim, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2% of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate 10 days before layering;

layering period: 4 ten days in the middle of the month;

layering and branch treatment: pulling down the branches to be parallel to the ground by using a sand bag, spraying 200mg/kg of gibberellin and 600mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine, spraying 1 time of 600mg/kg of gibberellin and 200mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine after layering for 10 days, spraying 1 time of 600mg/kg of gibberellin and 200mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine after layering for 20 days, spraying a leaf fertilizer once after layering for 35 days, and spraying 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor once after layering for 40 days;

layering, cutting and harvesting: in late 6 months.

Preferably, the full-exposure spray cutting technology comprises the following steps:

and (3) cutting collection: collecting the tender branches which vertically grow upwards on the growth points of the horizontal branches, wherein the length is 12-14cm, the length of the top tip can be properly shortened, the growth points at the top end are reserved, the stem section is reserved at no more than two growth points of the leaves, and half of each leaf is cut off;

and (3) cutting treatment: quickly dipping the cutting slips in 1250mg/kg naphthylacetic acid and 1250mg/kg indolebutyric acid respectively, inserting the cutting slips into a rooting matrix, and immediately spraying 2000 times of carbendazim;

setting a cuttage environment: cutting for 1-7 days, spraying for 10min, spraying for 5min, spraying for 30min after cutting for 7 days until rooting, spraying for 30min after rooting, spraying for 1h, and spraying once every day for 30min after enough root systems are formed;

managing after cuttage and cuttage: spraying 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor every 7 days, and spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer every 10 days.

Preferably, the formula of the rooting substrate is as follows: humus soil: perlite: vermiculite 1:1:1, and is disinfected by 500 times of potassium permanganate solution.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method combines the horizontal layering and full-illumination spray twig cuttage technologies, and under the condition that the superior line of the original mother plant is not damaged, the branches of the mother plant are layered horizontally by utilizing the top growth advantage, so that more cuttings with the top advantage are obtained, the original branches are not damaged, and the blank of the corylus heterophylla vegetative propagation technology is filled.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the asexual propagation method of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes a specific embodiment of the asexual propagation method of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree according to the present invention with reference to fig. 1. The method for the asexual propagation of the wild hazel and hazel fruit tree is not limited to the description of the following examples.

Example 1:

this example provides a specific implementation of a method for asexual propagation of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:

layering the native plant branches;

the pressed branches are subjected to hormone treatment to promote the seedlings to germinate and grow vertically to the ground;

making cutting slips by using newly germinated branches;

the rooting process is accelerated by adopting a proper rooting matrix, a rooting agent and a bactericide and insecticide and adopting a full-exposure spray cutting technology.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

treating the mother tree: digging 0.3m deep soil at two points around the crown, applying 2kg of general compound fertilizer at each point, simultaneously spraying 800-fold Bordeaux mixture, and spraying 1000-fold carbendazim, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2% of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate 10 days before layering;

layering period: 4 ten days in the middle of the month;

layering and branch treatment: pulling down the branches to be parallel to the ground by using a sand bag, spraying 200mg/kg of gibberellin and 600mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine, spraying 1 time of 600mg/kg of gibberellin and 200mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine after layering for 10 days, spraying 1 time of 600mg/kg of gibberellin and 200mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine after layering for 20 days, spraying a leaf fertilizer once after layering for 35 days, and spraying 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor once after layering for 40 days;

layering, cutting and harvesting: in late 6 months.

Further, the full-exposure spray cutting technology comprises the following steps:

and (3) cutting collection: collecting the tender branches growing vertically upwards on the growth points of the horizontal branches, wherein the length of the tender branches is 12cm, the length of the top tips can be properly shortened, the growth points at the top ends are reserved, the stem section is reserved at no more than two growth points of the leaves, and half of each leaf is cut off;

and (3) cutting treatment: quickly dipping the cutting slips in 1250mg/kg naphthylacetic acid and 1250mg/kg indolebutyric acid respectively, inserting the cutting slips into a rooting matrix, and immediately spraying 2000 times of carbendazim;

setting a cuttage environment: cutting for 1-7 days, spraying for 10min, spraying for 5min, spraying for 30min after cutting for 7 days until rooting, spraying for 30min after rooting, spraying for 1h, and spraying once every day for 30min after enough root systems are formed;

managing after cuttage and cuttage: spraying 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor every 7 days, and spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer every 10 days.

Further, the formula of the rooting matrix is as follows: humus soil: perlite: vermiculite 1:1:1, and is disinfected by 500 times of potassium permanganate solution.

Example 2:

this example shows a specific implementation of a vegetative propagation method of a wild hazelnut fruit tree, as shown in fig. 1, the other steps are the same as those in example 1, and in the cutting collection process: collecting the tender branches growing vertically upwards on the horizontal branch growing points, wherein the length is 13cm, the top tip length can be properly shortened, the top end growing points are reserved, the stem section is reserved at no more than two leaf growing points, and half of each leaf is cut off.

Example 3:

this example shows a specific implementation of a vegetative propagation method of a wild hazelnut fruit tree, as shown in fig. 1, the other steps are the same as those in example 1, and in the cutting collection process: collecting the tender branches which grow vertically upwards on the growth points of the horizontal branches, wherein the length is 14cm, the length of the top tip can be properly shortened, the growth points at the top end are reserved, the stem section is reserved at no more than two growth points of the leaves, and half of each leaf is cut off.

Example 4:

this example provides a specific implementation of a method for asexual propagation of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:

1. selecting a horizontal layering stock plant: selecting a filbert tree to be propagated in 4 middle ten days of the month, selecting a single shrub with the age of more than 4 years and more than 4 new branches (the wild filbert tree is a shrub and is a bush, so each filbert mother plant is called a single shrub), spraying 1000-time Bordea liquid at the beginning of 4 months, and applying a compound fertilizer with high boron content at two places beside the crown; 1000 times of carbendazim and 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 percent of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate are sprayed 10 days before layering.

2. Branch treatment: preparing a sandbag to be tied at the position 1/3, pulling the branch to be parallel to the ground by the gravity of the sandbag, so that the new bud of the fallen branch grows upwards vertically to the ground by the principle of top end superiority, and after 60 days of growth, adopting a twig to perform cuttage, in order to promote the germination and differentiation of branches, 200mg/kg GA (gibberellin) +600mg/kg 6-BA (6-Carbaminopurine) is sprayed once at the initial stage of layering, in order to promote the growth of branches, 600mg/kg GA +200mg/kg 6-BA is sprayed for 1 time after layering for 10 days, 600mg/kg GA +200mg/kg 6-BA is sprayed for 1 time after layering for 20 days, plant hormones are sprayed while the mother plants are not sprayed as much as possible, foliar fertilizer is sprayed for one time after layering for 35 days, and 1000 times carbendazim +500 times pyroligneous liquor is sprayed for one time after layering for 40 days. The method is different from the traditional buried-soil-strip-pressing propagation method which can obtain the branches vertically growing upwards and simultaneously take roots, the buried-soil-strip-pressing rooting method needs more energy provided by the stock plant, influences the normal result of the stock plant, can damage the growth of the stock plant during plant division, and is easy to die when the stock plant is grown; in the invention, the branches are pulled down by the gravity of the sand bag, and the branches can be continuously reserved after the twigs are cut off, thereby fully ensuring the nutrition supply of the stock plant.

3. And (3) processing the cutting slips: the collection of the cutting slips is finished before 10 am on the cutting day, the length of the cutting slips is about 13cm, the length of the top end can be properly shortened, only one top growing point is reserved, no more than two blade growing points are reserved on the rest stem section, half of each blade is cut off, the cut cutting slips are dipped at a medium speed in a rooting agent (no more than 30 seconds), and the formula of the rooting agent is as follows: 1250mg/kg NAA (naphthylacetic acid) +1250mg/kg IBA (indolebutyric acid), after dipping fast, inserting into rooting matrix as soon as possible, and spraying 2000 times carbendazim immediately.

4. Treatment of rooting matrix: the substrate is generally made of a material with balanced air and water permeability. In order to ensure that the matrix has better air permeability and water retention capacity, a mixed matrix is adopted, and the mixing proportion is as follows: humus soil (formed by pine needles and rotten leaves on the surface of the forest land): perlite: 1:1:1, arranging the mixed substrate into a cuttage bed with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 10-15 cm, pouring water on the soles of the feet, sterilizing the substrate by 500 times of potassium permanganate solution after leveling, thoroughly washing the potassium permanganate solution in the substrate by clear water 1 day before cuttage, and then scraping by using a scraper to level, taking the potassium permanganate solution flowing out from the two sides of the seedbed as the standard, so as to avoid the damage of cutting shoots caused by residual potassium permanganate solution in the substrate.

5. Full-illumination spray cuttage: in a well-ventilated sunlight greenhouse, the temperature is kept within the range of 23-35 ℃, the relative air humidity is kept above 90%, the spraying intensity is adjusted along with the lapse of the cuttage time, the spraying time interval is 7 days before cuttage and 5min after spraying for 10min, the spraying time interval is 30min after cuttage for 7 days until rooting, the spraying time interval is 30min after the cuttage is carried out until rooting, after the rooting is started, the spraying is carried out only between 5 o 'clock and 7 o' clock, the spraying time interval is 1h after the spraying for 30min, after a large number of roots are formed, the air humidity is kept above 75%, and the spraying is carried out once every day for 30min each time.

6. Managing after cuttage: the distance between the cuttings is not less than 10cm, nutrient solution is sprayed once every 10 days, and 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor are sprayed once every 7 days. After 50 days of cuttage, the root system of the cutting is developed enough, or reaches more than 10cm, and can be transplanted.

Example 5:

this example provides a specific implementation of a method for asexual propagation of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:

1. digging 0.3m deep soil at two points around the hazelnut crown at the beginning of 4 months, and applying 2kg of general compound fertilizer (N-P) to each point₂O₅-K₂O15-15-15), and spraying 800-fold Bordeaux mixture.

2. 20g of carbendazim, 60g of monopotassium phosphate and 40g of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate are added into 20L of water and sprayed into the trunks and roots ten days before layering.

3. And (3) taking an empty sandbag, taking soil on site, filling the soil into the sandbag, tying the branch to a position 1/3 away from the ground, pulling the branch to be parallel to the ground, and spraying the prepared 200mg/kg GA (gibberellin) +600mg/kg 6-BA (6-carbazaminopurine) on the pressed branch.

4. Spraying 600mg/kg GA +200mg/kg 6-BA for 1 time after 10 days of layering, spraying 600mg/kg GA +200mg/kg 6-BA for 1 time after 20 days of layering, spraying a foliar fertilizer once after 35 days of layering (the general compound fertilizer in the embodiment 1 is dissolved in water and sprayed on the foliar surface), and spraying 1000 times of carbendazim +500 times of pyroligneous liquor once after 40 days of layering.

5. Humus soil (formed by rotting pine needles and leaves on the surface of a forest land) is prepared by the following steps: perlite: mixing vermiculite 1:1:1, forming a 80cm wide cuttage bed with a thickness of 15cm, watering plantar water, leveling, then disinfecting with 500 times of potassium permanganate solution, thoroughly washing potassium permanganate solution in the substrate with clear water 1 day before cuttage, taking potassium permanganate solution flowing out from two sides of the seedbed as the standard, and then scraping with a scraper.

6. After 65 days of layering, finishing the collection of the cutting slips before 10 am, wherein the length of each cutting slip is about 13cm, the length of a top tip can be properly shortened, a top growing point is reserved, a stem section is reserved with no more than two blade growing points, each blade is halved, a group of ten cut slips is dipped in a rooting agent at a medium speed for 10 seconds, and the formula of the rooting agent is as follows: 1250mg/kg NAA (naphthylacetic acid) +1250mg/kg IBA (indolebutyric acid), the cuttings are quickly dipped and inserted into a rooting matrix as soon as possible, the distance between the cuttings is not less than 10cm, and every half an hour, 2000 times of bactericide of 50g carbendazim is added into 100L of water and sprayed on the inserted cuttings.

7. Cutting for 1-7 days, spraying for 10min at intervals of 5min, spraying for 30min at intervals of 30min after cutting for 7 days until rooting, spraying for 30min at intervals of 5-7 pm after rooting, spraying for 1h at intervals of 30min, spraying once every day until seedling emergence, and spraying for 30min each time.

8. Spraying 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor once every 7 days.

9. Spraying a 'Guoguanzhuangduo' brand microelement water-soluble fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein the fertilizer contains: cu + Fe + Mn + Zn + B + Mo is more than or equal to 10.0%, Fe is more than or equal to 4.5%, B is more than or equal to 3.5%, Zn is more than or equal to 3.5%, Mn is more than or equal to 1.5%, Cu is more than or equal to 0.1%, and Mo is more than or equal to 0.1%.

The seedlings bred by the method have strong adaptability to local growing environment, the horticulture process of wild excellent hazelnuts can be improved, the cutting seedlings enter the full-bearing period within 5 years of field planting, the yield of each hectare in the full-bearing period is 0.8 ton, the method is suitable for small-area planting of fruit growers, or large-area planting and seedling growing of farms, and the development of the industry can not only change the orchard with poor benefit into hazelnuts, but also can fully plant the excellent hazelnut seedling varieties on hillsides in a wild waste state. The implementation of the invention can realize that the hazelnut production is made into the economic and emerging industry for building new rural areas in the mountainous areas, and the industry can be radiated to the regions with wild hazelnut distribution throughout the country.

The method combines the horizontal layering and full-illumination spray twig cuttage technologies, and under the condition that the superior line of the original mother plant is not damaged, the branches of the mother plant are layered horizontally by utilizing the top growth advantage, so that more cuttings with the top advantage are obtained, the original branches are not damaged, and the blank of the corylus heterophylla vegetative propagation technology is filled.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A vegetative propagation method of a wild hazel and hazel fruit tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:

layering the native plant branches;

the pressed branches are subjected to hormone treatment to promote the seedlings to germinate and grow vertically to the ground;

making cutting slips by using newly germinated branches;

the rooting process is accelerated by adopting a proper rooting matrix, a rooting agent and a bactericide and insecticide and adopting a full-exposure spray cutting technology.

2. The method for asexual propagation of wild hazel and hazel fruit trees according to claim 1, further comprising:

treating the mother tree: digging 0.3m deep soil at two points around the crown, applying 2kg of general compound fertilizer at each point, simultaneously spraying 800-fold Bordeaux mixture, and spraying 1000-fold carbendazim, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2% of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate 10 days before layering;

layering period: 4 ten days in the middle of the month;

layering and branch treatment: pulling down the branches to be parallel to the ground by using a sand bag, spraying 200mg/kg of gibberellin and 600mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine, spraying 1 time of 600mg/kg of gibberellin and 200mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine after layering for 10 days, spraying 1 time of 600mg/kg of gibberellin and 200mg/kg of 6-Caraminopurine after layering for 20 days, spraying a leaf fertilizer once after layering for 35 days, and spraying 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor once after layering for 40 days;

layering, cutting and harvesting: in late 6 months.

3. The method for asexual propagation of wild hazel and hazel fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the full-light spray cutting technique comprises:

and (3) cutting collection: collecting the tender branches which vertically grow upwards on the growth points of the horizontal branches, wherein the length is 12-14cm, the length of the top tip can be properly shortened, the growth points at the top end are reserved, the stem section is reserved at no more than two growth points of the leaves, and half of each leaf is cut off;

and (3) cutting treatment: quickly dipping the cutting slips in 1250mg/kg naphthylacetic acid and 1250mg/kg indolebutyric acid respectively, inserting the cutting slips into a rooting matrix, and immediately spraying 2000 times of carbendazim;

setting a cuttage environment: cutting for 1-7 days, spraying for 10min, spraying for 5min, spraying for 30min after cutting for 7 days until rooting, spraying for 30min after rooting, spraying for 1h, and spraying once every day for 30min after enough root systems are formed;

managing after cuttage and cuttage: spraying 1000 times of carbendazim and 500 times of pyroligneous liquor every 7 days, and spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer every 10 days.

4. The method for asexual propagation of wild hazel and hazel fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein: the formula of the rooting substrate is as follows: humus soil: perlite: vermiculite 1:1:1, and is disinfected by 500 times of potassium permanganate solution.

Images