CN113424897A - 一种杜仲叶发酵饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种杜仲叶发酵饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113424897A CN113424897A CN202110347896.0A CN202110347896A CN113424897A CN 113424897 A CN113424897 A CN 113424897A CN 202110347896 A CN202110347896 A CN 202110347896A CN 113424897 A CN113424897 A CN 113424897A
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- eucommia ulmoides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,其特征在于:组分质量分数包括:杜仲雄花嫩叶、质量分数5%‑20%豆粕和玉米粉、质量分数30%‑120%放置过夜的自来水得到发酵基料,发酵基料中添加1%‑10%混合菌液搅拌均匀后装入带阀发酵袋,用压膜机密封并完全排出袋中气体,常温厌氧发酵3‑7天就得到杜仲叶发酵饲料。本发明制作工艺简便、高效,发酵后得到的饲料添加剂具有纤维素含量低、酸香可口、适口性好等优点,该发酵饲料饲喂肉牛能提高采食量和饲料利用率,促进肉牛生长,提高肉牛抗氧化能力,改善牛肉品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂领域,具体涉及杜仲叶发酵饲料的制备方法。
背景技术
杜仲是杜仲科杜仲属多年生落叶乔木植物,是我国珍贵传统中药材。研究表明,杜仲叶含有绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和松脂醇二葡萄糖甙等成分,以及蛋白质、维生素和矿物元素等营养成分,具有补肝肾、强筋骨、抗肿瘤、消炎杀菌等功效。
杜仲能显著改善动物体的免疫功能,增强机体的防御能力,对细胞免疫具有双向调节作用。杜仲作为中草药饲料添加剂应用于畜禽中如饲喂猪、鸡、牛等动物,均能显著提高其生产性能。许多研究表明,用杜仲叶喂育肥牛,其日增重和饲料利用率分别比对照组提高6.3%和10.2%(1997年王于东)。姚琨等研究添加适量杜仲叶提取物(20g/ 头.d),换算百分比:0.25%)有提高奶牛干物质采食量的作用,同时对产奶量和乳脂率有明显提升作用,并可降低牛奶体细胞数,邹吉祥研究得出在基础精日粮中添加2.5‰杜仲益生素,试验组奶牛平均产奶量比对照组增加2.07kg,比对照组高13.0%(P<0.05),乳蛋白率有所提高,黄曲霉毒素含量有所下降。提高了奶牛的泌乳品质。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:一种杜仲叶发酵牛饲料的制备方法,利用本发明生产的杜仲发酵饲料通过替代部分精饲料适用于牛各个生长阶段的养殖,通过发酵作用后明显改善了杜仲叶的适口性,增加采食量,杜仲叶的药理作用能减少养殖过程中的抗生素使用,同时还能提高饲料利用率,降低饲料成本。
本发明的技术方案是:一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,组分质量分数包括:杜仲雄花嫩叶、质量分数5%-20%豆粕和玉米粉、质量分数30%-120%放置过夜的自来水得到发酵基料,发酵基料中添加1%-10%混合菌液搅拌均匀后装入带阀发酵袋,用压膜机密封并完全排出袋中气体,常温厌氧发酵3-7天就得到杜仲叶发酵饲料。
所述的杜仲雄花嫩叶为3月-四月采集杜仲雄花嫩叶,进行杀青揉捻后烘干,再将炒好的成品中粉末和杂物筛选出来得到杜仲雄花嫩叶。
所述的混合菌液为酵母菌与乳酸菌的发酵菌液。
所述的酵母菌和乳酸菌的发酵菌液的制作方法:将液体发酵得到的酵母菌和乳酸杆菌分别进行离心得到菌体,菌体加保护剂后进行冻干,得到冻干菌粉;将得到的冻干菌粉加红糖水复活2-8小时得到发酵菌液。
所述的保护剂为酵母菌保护剂和乳酸菌保护剂。
所述的酵母菌保护剂成分为蔗糖140g/L、脱脂奶粉100g/L和聚乙二醇10g/L;所述的乳酸菌保护剂成分为蔗糖100g/L、脱脂奶粉 100g/L和甘露醇10g/L。
所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料在牛饲料的制备中的应用。
所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料在牛精饲料的制备中的应用。
所述杜仲叶发酵饲料替代精饲料配比在1%-20%。
所述杜仲叶发酵牛饲料与粗饲料一同饲喂。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)通过发酵,可有效提升饲料营养成分,提高饲料营养价值,提高饲料品质。
(2)添加发酵杜仲叶能强化动物体内有益微生物,调节肠道微生态平衡。
(3)发酵杜仲叶中的有益菌在动物体内不仅可以有效地抑制杂菌、肠道病菌的生长和繁殖,增强动物免疫能力,提高对疾病的抵抗力;大幅度减少疫苗、抗生素等药物使用量。
(4)提升肉牛肉品质。
具体实施方式
以下内容是对本发明的具体实例进一步说明。
实施例1
杜仲叶发酵牛饲料制备方法,该方法包括一下步骤:
(1)杜仲叶的采集:
杜仲叶采集时间在3月下旬到4月,在采集过程中注意去。除杂物,如杂叶、石块、泥土等,将采集好的杜仲叶加高温抑制杜仲叶的发酵,减少杜仲叶中水分,杀青要达到青草味基本除去,不夹杂青叶和黄熟叶,待杀青结束后摊凉进行揉捻,揉捻作用主要是破坏杜仲叶细胞,使杜仲叶中有益成分扩散出来,提升杜仲叶饲喂价值,揉捻结束后的杜仲叶进行烘干处理即得到发酵原料杜仲叶。
发酵菌菌液制作阶段
A.酵母菌种制备:酵母菌菌种活化:取-20℃保种酵母菌放室温活动20-50分钟活化后接种到YPD液体培养基28摄氏度180r/min,震荡培养8-12小时;
B.乳酸菌菌种制备:取-20℃保种乳酸菌放室温活动20-50分钟活化后接种到MRS液体培养基37摄氏度160r/min,震荡培养8-12 小时;
C.混合发酵菌液:将得到的酵母菌和乳酸菌直接按1:1或者1:2或者2:1比例混合得到混合发酵菌液;
(3)固态发酵阶段:将上诉步骤得到的杜仲雄花嫩叶添加5%-20%豆粕和玉米粉,再添加30%-120%放置过夜的自来水得到发酵基料,发酵基料中添加1%-10%上述混合菌液搅拌均匀后装入带阀发酵袋,用压膜机密封并挤压袋中气体,发酵3-7天就得到杜仲发酵饲料。
实施例2
(1)杜仲叶的采集
杜仲叶采集时间在3月下旬到4月,在采集过程中注意去。除杂物,如杂叶、石块、泥土等,将采集好的杜仲叶加高温抑制杜仲叶的发酵,减少杜仲叶中水分,杀青要达到青草味基本除去,不夹杂青叶和黄熟叶,待杀青结束后摊凉进行揉捻,揉捻作用主要是破坏杜仲叶细胞,使杜仲叶中有益成分扩散出来,提升杜仲叶饲喂价值,揉捻结束后的杜仲叶进行烘干处理即得到发酵原料杜仲叶。
(2)发酵菌液制作阶段
酵母菌种制备:酵母菌菌种活化:取-20℃保种酵母菌放室温活动 20-50分钟活化后接种到YPD液体培养基28摄氏度180r/min,震荡培养8-12小时,乳酸菌菌种制备:取-20℃保种乳酸菌放室温活动 20-50分钟活化后接种到MRS液体培养基37摄氏度160r/min,震荡培养8-12小时,将液体发酵得到的酵母菌和乳酸杆菌分别进行 5000r/min离心十分钟得到菌体,1L离心后菌体加20ml保护剂,酵母菌保护剂成分为蔗糖(140g/L)、脱脂奶粉(100g/L)、聚乙二醇 (10g/L);乳酸菌保护剂成分为蔗糖(100g/L)、脱脂奶粉(100g/L)、甘露醇(10g/L);每升发酵液得到的菌体和保护剂混合后放入40ml 西林瓶中进行冻干,得到冻干菌粉;
(3)将得到的冻干菌粉每瓶菌粉加1L红糖水复活2-8小时得到发酵菌液;
(4)固态发酵阶段:将上诉步骤得到的杜仲雄花嫩叶添加5%-20%豆粕和玉米粉,再添加30%-120%放置过夜的自来水得到发酵基料,发酵基料中添加1%-10%上述混合菌液搅拌均匀后装入带阀发酵袋,用压膜机密封并挤压袋中气体,发酵3-7天就得到杜仲发酵饲料。
实施例3
(1)杜仲叶的采集
杜仲叶采集时间在3月下旬到四月,在采集过程中注意去。除杂物,如杂叶、石块、泥土等,将采集好的杜仲叶加高温抑制杜仲叶的发酵,减少杜仲叶中水分,杀青要达到青草味基本除去,不夹杂青叶和黄熟叶,待杀青结束后摊凉进行揉捻,揉捻作用主要是破坏杜仲叶细胞,使杜仲叶中有益成分扩散出来,提升杜仲叶饲喂价值,揉捻结束后的杜仲叶进行烘干处理即得到发酵原料杜仲叶。
(2)发酵菌液制作阶段
酵母菌种制备:酵母菌菌种活化:取-20℃保种酵母菌放室温活动 20-50分钟活化后接种到YPD液体培养基28摄氏度180r/min,震荡培养8-12小时;
乳酸菌菌种制备:取-20℃保种乳酸菌放室温活动20-50分钟活化后接种到MRS液体培养基37摄氏度160r/min,震荡培养8-12小时。将液体发酵得到的酵母菌和乳酸杆菌分别进行5000r/min离心十分钟得到菌体,按照酵母菌和乳酸菌菌体1:1或1:2或2:1比例混合,添加等体积混合冻干保护剂脱脂奶粉(100g/L)、蔗糖(100g/L)、甘露醇(10g/L)、聚乙二醇(10g/L);每升混合菌体和保护剂充分混匀后放入40ml西林瓶中进行冷冻干燥,得到混合菌菌粉;
(3)将得到的冻干菌粉每瓶菌粉加1L红糖水复活2-8小时得到发酵菌液;
(4)固态发酵阶段:将上诉步骤得到的杜仲雄花嫩叶添加5%-20%豆粕和5%-20%玉米粉,再添加30%-120%放置过夜的自来水得到发酵基料,以手抓一把物料,指缝见水不滴水为适宜添加量,发酵基料中添加1%-10%上述混合菌液搅拌均匀后装入带阀发酵袋,用压膜机密封并挤压袋中气体,发酵3-7天就得到杜仲发酵饲料。
实施例4
实施例4杜仲叶发酵前后品质分析
从表1中可以看出发酵前后粗蛋白含量差异性显著(P<0.05),发酵后粗蛋白含量较发酵前提升了15.0265%,发酵前后粗灰分含量差异性不显著,发酵后粗灰分含量较发酵前降低了0.5995%,发酵前后总钙含量差异性不显著,发酵前后总磷含量差异性极显著 (p<0.01),发酵后总钙较发酵前降低了0.3038%,发酵后总磷较发酵前提升了7.8314%,发酵前后粗脂肪含量差异性极显著(P<0.01),发酵后粗脂肪含量较发酵前提升了24.5286%,发酵前后粗纤维含量差异性显著(P<0.05),发酵后粗纤维含量较发酵前降低了10.3810%,发酵前后中性洗涤纤维含量差异性不显著,发酵后中性洗涤纤维含量较发酵前提升了1.586%,发酵前后酸性洗涤纤维含量差异性显著 (P<0.05),发酵后酸性洗涤纤维含量较发酵前降低了6.1749%,发酵前后中性洗涤纤维含量差异性不显著,发酵后中性洗涤纤维较发酵前提高了3.1329%。结论:杜仲叶通过发酵后提升了营养物质水平。
表1发酵前后杜仲叶营养成分分析
项目 | 杜仲干叶 | 发酵杜仲叶 | 差值 |
粗蛋白 | 24.0143±1.1998a | 27.6228±0.7988b | 3.6085 |
粗灰分 | 7.9904±0.3580 | 7.9425±0.1737 | -0.0479 |
钙 | 0.8886±.0591 | 0.8859±0.0261 | -0.0027 |
总磷 | 0.6691±0.0030A | 0.7215±0.0052B | 0.0524 |
粗脂肪 | 5.0863±0.0055A | 6.3339±0.0492B | 1.2476 |
粗纤维 | 23.8975±0.5433a | 21.4167±0.4201b | -2.4808 |
中洗洗涤纤维 | 46.2454±0.0423 | 47.6942±0.0911 | 1.4488 |
酸洗洗涤纤维 | 34.6531±1.1862a | 32.5133±0.1234b | -2.1398 |
从表2中可以看出,通过酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵后,发酵杜仲叶较杜仲干叶水解氨基酸含量除精氨酸含量降低外,杜仲叶氨基酸含量都有所提升;发酵前后氨基酸含量差异性极显著(p<0.01)的氨基酸包括:赖氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、苏氨酸,、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸、苯丙氨酸组氨酸、甘氨酸、异亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、脯氨酸蛋氨酸、精氨酸,发酵后较发酵前氨基酸含量分别提高了61.8574%、49.7175%、42.0879%、37.6102%、33.8803%、23.2637%、 22.8329%、21.2741%、21.0984%、19.5097%、18.9165%、18.8218%、 15.3299%、14.6125%、10.4081%、1.7361%,其中精氨酸发酵后较发酵前氨基酸含量降低了6.1186%,发酵前后脯氨酸含量差异性显著 (P<0.05),发酵后较发酵前脯氨酸含量提高了10.4081%,发酵前 100g杜仲干叶中氨基酸总量是18.6966,发酵后100g杜仲叶中氨基酸总量是22.8926,发酵后100g杜仲叶中氨基酸含量较100g杜仲干叶中氨基酸含量增加了4.1960g,增加百分比为22.4426%。结论:杜仲叶经过发酵后提升了水解氨基酸含量。
表2发酵前后杜仲叶水解氨基酸含量分析
实施例5杜仲叶发酵饲料在育肥牛养殖中的应用
挑选健康无病、出生月龄相近(育肥牛10~36月龄)、个体大小均匀、生长发育良好、类型一致、体重370kg左右的大架子公牛,以完全随机区组法分组,每组4头肉牛,逐头过秤,戴牢耳号,进行育肥饲养试验。饲养期全程46天,其中预饲期15天,正试期31天,在预饲期内主要对试验牛只进行驱虫、打耳标、适应试验日粮。将挑选动物分为试验组和对照组,对照组按粗饲料加精饲料喂养方案,试验组按照下表3方案添加杜仲及杜仲发酵产品,随每日粗饲料一同喂养, 其中对照组和试验组杜仲干物质含量相同。
表3:杜仲添加剂方案
试验分组 | 添加剂种类 | 剂量(代替精饲料) |
实验分组一 | 纯杜仲叶 | 5% |
实验分组二 | 发酵杜仲叶 | 10% |
空白对照组 | / | / |
供试牛集中在同一牛舍,散栏饲养,自由饮水,由固定的人负责,添加剂与精料及矿物质饲料用水混合后再与粗饲料混合饲喂,日粮配置好后混匀饲喂,每日上午7点和下午17点分别饲喂,每次持续三小时,给予牛只充足饲料,以剩余5%~10%最佳,保证牛只的自由取食,每20天连续三日观察牛食欲、反刍、精神、粪尿情况。
试期始末对供养牛进行空腹称重,在预试期结束后,连续2d清晨进行空腹称重,平均值记录作为实验牛始重,而后进入正式试验期,正饲期每隔20天测定各组投料量和剩料量,以及测量每只试验牛只的体长、胸围及体高,计算得出牛的采食量。
正饲期结束后的当天晨饲后三小时对试验牛只抽样进行静脉采血20mL,采集后测量血液生理生化指标,共计测量12只肉牛,测定其:
血液生理指标:尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋丙氨酸氨基转移酶。
血液抗氧化指标:T-AOC、CAT、MDA、SOD。
肉质指标:肉质氨基酸。结果如下:
试验肉牛生长指标结果如下表,由表4可知,发酵杜仲叶组总增重与对照组和杜仲干叶组差异性极显著(P<0.01),发酵杜仲叶组组相较于空白组提高了43.0046%,发酵杜仲叶相较于杜仲干叶组提高了40.2379%;杜仲干叶组较空白组提升了1.9728%,发酵杜仲叶组日增重与对照组和杜仲干叶组差异性不显著,发酵杜仲叶组组相较于空白组降低了2.1527%,发酵杜仲叶相较于杜仲干叶组降低了3.7656%;杜仲干叶组较空白组提升了1.6761%;发酵杜仲叶组平均采食量较空白组差异性极显著(P<0.01),发酵杜仲叶组组相较于空白组提高了 8.0199%,发酵杜仲叶相较于杜仲干叶组提高了4.2713%;杜仲干叶组较空白组提升了3.5950%,发酵杜仲叶组饲料转换率较空白组和杜仲干叶差异性不显著,发酵杜仲叶组组相较于空白组提高了3.3977%,发酵杜仲叶相较于杜仲干叶组提高了7.9313%;杜仲干叶组较空白组降低了4.2005%。结论:发酵杜仲叶饲喂肉牛能在一定程度上提升肉牛生长性能。
表4生产性能指标
项目 | 空白组 | 杜仲干叶组 | 发酵杜仲叶组 |
初始平均体重 | 412.7500±42.6413 | 430.7500±48.4664 | 429.8750±36.4337 |
末期平均体重 | 518.1670±17.4751 | 538.5500±27.6413 | 585.0300±29.2453 |
总增重 | 106.6175±26.0092B | 108.7209±17.5055B | 152.4679±19.5356A |
日增重 | 1.2589±0.0600 | 1.28±00±0.0933 | 1.2318±0.0813 |
采食量 | 8.3019±0.2170A | 8.6565±0.0928AB | 8.9677±0.1751B |
饲料转换率 | 7.2491±0.2647 | 6.9446±0.5371 | 7.4954±0.1098 |
血液指标可以反映出动物机体内物质代谢状态以及动物组织器官机能状态,
试验结束后杜仲干叶和发酵杜仲叶饲喂对实验肉牛血液生理生化指标影响见下表,从以上实验结果可以看出发酵杜仲叶组相比较于空白组和杜仲干叶组尿素差异性极显著(P<0.01),其中发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组尿素含量降低了6.7783%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组尿素含量降低了11.1523%,杜仲干叶组较空白组尿素含量降低了 4.6920%;发酵杜仲叶组相比较于空白组和杜仲干叶组总胆固醇含量差异性极显著(P<0.01),其中发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组含量降低了20.7356%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组含量降低了21.7888%,杜仲干叶组较空白组含量降低了1.3288%;发酵杜仲叶组相比较于空白组甘油三酯含量显著性降低(P<0.01),发酵杜仲叶组较空白组含量降低了30.9385%,杜仲干叶组较空白组含量降低了40.6151%;发酵杜仲叶组和杜仲干叶相比较于空白组丙氨酸转移酶含量差异性极显著 (P<0.01),其中发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组含量降低了10.9784%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组含量降低了33.4995%,杜仲干叶组较空白组含量降低了25.2985%;发酵杜仲叶组相比较于空白组和杜仲干叶组血清球蛋白含量显著性不显著,其中发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组含量增加了11.1260%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组含量增加了5.8250%,发酵杜仲叶组相和杜仲干叶比较于空白组血清总蛋白含量差异性显著 (P<0.05),其中发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组含量增加了1.6488%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组含量增加了6.7713%,杜仲干叶组较空白组含量增加了5.0394%。
表5血清生化指标
项目 | 空白组 | 杜仲干叶组 | 发酵杜仲叶组 |
尿素 | 5.2877±0.2289A | 5.0396±0.3060B | 4.698±0.2992C |
总胆固醇 | 3.9736±0.5681A | 3.9208±0.0874A | 3.1078±0.2053B |
甘油三酯 | 0.3772±0.0740A | 0.2240±0.0133 | 0.2605±0.0339B |
丙氨酸转移酶 | 36.9283±2.1316A | 27.586±1.9207B | 24.5575±0.9603B |
血清球蛋白 | 35.0526±1.4793 | 33.3805±1.0169 | 37.0944±4.8779 |
血清总蛋白 | 69.899±0.9626a | 73.42152.2219b | 74.632±4.5023b |
抗氧化既是抗氧化自由基简称,在机体内能高效抑制自由基氧化反应,在机体中浓度较低,杜仲干叶和发酵杜仲叶饲喂对试验肉牛血液生理生化指标影响如下所示,从表6中可以看出发酵杜仲叶组较空白组总抗氧化物含量(AOC)差异性极显著(P<0.01),发酵杜仲叶组较空白组总抗氧化物含量增加了20.9210%;发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组和空白组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量差异性极显著 (P<0.01),发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组超氧化物歧化酶含量增加了 8.2750%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组超氧化物歧化酶含量增加了23.5112%;发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组和空白组丙二醛(MDA)含量差异性极显著(P<0.01),发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组丙二醛含量降低了45.7194%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组丙二醛含量降低了60.9863%,杜仲干叶组较空白组丙二醛含量降低了28.1259%;发酵杜仲叶组和杜仲干叶较空白组过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量差异性显著(P<0.05),发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组过氧化氢酶含量增加了17.2995%,发酵杜仲叶组较空白组过氧化氢酶含量降低了21.81500%,杜仲干叶组较空白组过氧化氢酶含量增加了3.8496%。结论:发酵杜仲叶饲喂肉牛提升了肉牛抗氧化能力。
表6血液抗氧化指标
从表7中可以看出,通过100天的杜仲叶饲料饲喂肉牛后,实验肉牛背最长肌中氨基酸含量除天冬氨酸降低外,背最长肌中氨基酸含量都有提升,发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组氨基酸含量差异性极显著 (p<0.01)的氨基酸包括:蛋氨酸、甘氨酸、酪氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸,发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组每100g样品中氨基酸含量分别增加了134.2876%、68.9577%、52.1805%、51.6262%、46.9125%、46.6210%、45.7712%、36.9208%、35.4754%、30.5400%、 29.9400%、28.7402%、19.9429%、19.2246%、12.5738%;发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组天冬氨酸含量差异性极显著(p<0.01),发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组每100g样品中天冬氨酸含量分别降低了16.9777%,发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组组氨酸含量差异性显著(p<0.05),发酵杜仲叶组较杜仲干叶组每100g样品中氨基酸含量分别增加了 6.6479%;发酵前100g杜仲干叶中氨基酸总量是18.6966,发酵杜仲叶组100g背最长肌中氨基酸总量是22.0797,发酵后100g背最长肌中氨基酸含量较100g杜仲干叶中氨基酸含量增加了4.6105g,增加百分比为26.3922%。结论:发酵杜仲叶饲喂肉牛提升了肉牛肉质氨基酸含量。
表7肉质氨基酸变化
Claims (10)
1.一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,其特征在于:组分质量分数包括:杜仲雄花嫩叶、质量分数5%-20%豆粕和玉米粉、质量分数30%-120%放置过夜的自来水得到发酵基料,发酵基料中添加1%-10%混合菌液搅拌均匀后装入带阀发酵袋,用压膜机密封并完全排出袋中气体,常温厌氧发酵3-7天就得到杜仲叶发酵饲料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,其特征在于:所述的杜仲雄花嫩叶为3月-四月采集杜仲雄花嫩叶,进行杀青揉捻后烘干,再将炒好的成品中粉末和杂物筛选出来得到杜仲雄花嫩叶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,其特征在于:所述的混合菌液为酵母菌与乳酸菌的发酵菌液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,其特征在于:所述的酵母菌和乳酸菌的发酵菌液的制作方法:将液体发酵得到的酵母菌和乳酸杆菌分别进行离心得到菌体,菌体加保护剂后进行冻干,得到冻干菌粉;将得到的冻干菌粉加红糖水复活2-8小时得到发酵菌液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,其特征在于:所述的保护剂为酵母菌保护剂和乳酸菌保护剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料,其特征在于:所述的酵母菌保护剂成分为蔗糖140g/L、脱脂奶粉100g/L和聚乙二醇10g/L;所述的乳酸菌保护剂成分为蔗糖100g/L、脱脂奶粉100g/L和甘露醇10g/L。
7.如权利要求1-6之一所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料在牛饲料的制备中的应用。
8.如权利要求1-6之一所述的一种杜仲叶发酵饲料在牛精饲料的制备中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:所述杜仲叶发酵饲料替代精饲料配比在1%-20%。
10.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:所述杜仲叶发酵牛饲料与粗饲料一同饲喂。
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