CN113303181A - Efficient planting method for promoting early ripening of strawberries in spring - Google Patents
Efficient planting method for promoting early ripening of strawberries in spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN113303181A CN113303181A CN202110612714.8A CN202110612714A CN113303181A CN 113303181 A CN113303181 A CN 113303181A CN 202110612714 A CN202110612714 A CN 202110612714A CN 113303181 A CN113303181 A CN 113303181A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spring early-maturing efficient strawberry planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivating strawberry seedlings/plantlets; (2) carrying out temperature change treatment on strawberry seedlings/young seedlings; (3) cultivating strawberry seedlings; (4) performing low-temperature vernalization treatment on strawberry seedlings; (5) transplanting the strawberry big seedlings; (6) regulating and controlling the temperature in the sunlight after transplanting; (7) production management after survival of plants is characterized in that buds and blossoming begin about one month after transplanting, and fruit picking begins about two months, wherein the time for starting fruit picking is from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, which is about 45 days earlier than that of the original facility cultivation method; the temporary planting frequency is reduced, the labor cost is reduced, and the cost is saved and the income is increased; the whole pod picking process is carried out in three seasons of autumn, winter and spring, so that the purposes of early budding of strawberry seedlings, flowering, fruiting and picking for marketing are achieved, the picking time of strawberry fruits is prolonged, and the economic benefit of strawberries is obviously improved. The invention solves the problem that the planting economic benefit of strawberry growers is not high due to the lack of an efficient cultivation method for promoting early marketing of strawberries in the conventional strawberry planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry cultivation, and particularly relates to a spring early-maturing efficient planting method for strawberries.
Background
In China, the existing strawberry facility planting and cultivation adopts multiple temporary planting and transplanting to complete natural vernalization, the quantity of the strawberry on the market in the early stage is low, the fruit picking is relatively centralized, multiple transplanting requires more labor and has high cost, an efficient cultivation method for promoting the early marketing of the strawberry cultivation is lacked, the planting risk of strawberry growers is increased, and finally, the loss is large, and the economic benefit is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, a method for efficiently planting strawberries in a spring-induced early-maturing mode is provided so as to solve the problem that planting economic benefits of strawberry growers are low due to the fact that an efficient cultivation method for promoting cultivation to early appear on the market is lacked in existing strawberry planting and cultivation.
In order to realize the purpose, the method for efficiently planting the strawberries in the spring early-maturing promotion mode comprises the following steps:
cultivating strawberry seedlings/plantlets, wherein the strawberry seedlings are cultivated with aerial roots by utilizing stolons growing at the later growth stage of strawberries, the strawberry seedlings are cultivated with aerial roots growing on the initial stolons from which strawberries are transplanted in autumn, seedlings of the next year are transplanted to a seedling nursery for cultivating strawberries according to the proportion that the plant-row spacing is 0.6 meter at equal intervals, and the strawberry seedlings and the strawberry plantlets are cut off in the middle ten days of 5 months and are filled into a frame filled with film bags;
putting the frame with the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings into a temperature control room for variable-temperature low-temperature treatment, wherein the variable-temperature low-temperature treatment comprises a first stage treatment, a second stage treatment and a third stage treatment, the first stage treatment lasts for 1-2 days, the treatment temperature is 3-10 ℃, the second stage treatment lasts for 6-8 days, the treatment temperature is 0-3 ℃, the third stage treatment lasts for 1-2 days, and the treatment temperature is 3-10 ℃;
planting the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings subjected to the temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment in a 50-hole plug tray filled with a substrate to cultivate strawberry big seedlings with developed root systems;
in the middle ten days of 7 months, taking the strawberry seedlings out of the plug tray, removing the matrix, filling the strawberry seedlings into a plastic frame filled with a film bag, and placing the strawberry seedlings into a refrigerator for constant-temperature low-temperature treatment, wherein the treatment temperature of the constant-temperature low-temperature treatment is 0-5 ℃, and the treatment time is 25 days;
and transplanting the strawberry seedlings subjected to constant-temperature low-temperature treatment to a greenhouse after autumn comes up for 8 months, and watering the ridges with water.
Further, covering a sun-shading net on the greenhouse within one week after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse, enabling the shade degree of the sun-shading net to reach more than 70%, carrying out drip irrigation twice in the morning and evening every day, and keeping ridge soil in the greenhouse moist.
Further, after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into a greenhouse for a week, the sunshade net is removed, and the ridge soil is kept moist.
Further, when the big strawberry seedlings transplanted into the greenhouse bud and flower, old leaves of the big strawberry seedlings are timely stripped, two side seedlings are left in front and at the back of each big strawberry seedling, and the rest are removed.
Further, in the picked strawberry crawl, the strawberry seedlings with aerial roots are selected as the strawberry seedlings in the next year, and the strawberry seedlings are transplanted to a preselected propagation nursery at equal intervals of 0.6 m according to plant rows.
Further, when the step of transplanting the strawberry seedlings subjected to constant-temperature low-temperature treatment into a greenhouse is implemented, the arch back of the strawberry seedlings is arranged outwards and exposed, the transplanting density of the strawberry seedlings is 3000 plants per mu, the span of the greenhouse is 8m, the greenhouse forms 7 ridges, 2 rows of the strawberry seedlings are planted in each ridge, and the plant spacing of the strawberry seedlings is 40 cm.
The method has the advantages that the first variable-temperature low-temperature treatment of the spring early-promoting efficient strawberry planting method is strawberry seedlings/young seedlings, the treatment is carried out before the strawberry seedlings are cultured, and the survival rate of the strawberry seedlings is increased. If strawberry seedlings/plantlets which are not subjected to temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment are directly transplanted into a plug tray filled with a matrix, the strawberry seedlings/plantlets breathe fast due to high temperature, lose water due to wilting and have low survival rate. On the contrary, after the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings subjected to temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment are transplanted into the plug tray filled with the matrix, the respiration is low, and the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings are easy to live after being watered. The first temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment process of the high-efficiency strawberry planting method for promoting early maturing in spring transformation is to force dormancy of strawberry seedlings/young seedlings, and when the dormant strawberry seedlings are transplanted to a plug tray, the dormancy is broken, evaporation is fast at high temperature, and when the strawberry seedlings are watered, the strawberry seedlings absorb water fast and the survival rate is high. The second constant-temperature low-temperature treatment of the strawberry spring early-promoting efficient planting method is to perform spring treatment on the cultured strawberry seedlings. By adopting the efficient planting method for promoting the early ripening of strawberries in spring, the initial picking time of strawberries in the greenhouse is 10 months earlier than that of the strawberries in the traditional planting method by more than 45 days.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides a spring early-maturing efficient planting method for strawberries, which comprises the following steps:
s1: in the middle ten days of 5 months, strawberry seedlings with aerial roots on stolons at the late growth stage of strawberries and strawberry seedlings with aerial roots growing on the initial stolons of strawberry seedlings transplanted in autumn of the previous year are taken as seedlings of the next year, the strawberry seedlings with aerial roots growing in the nursery are propagated at equal intervals according to the row of 0.6 m and are not grown, and the strawberry seedlings are respectively cut and filled into frames which are padded with film bags.
S2: and (2) putting the plastic frame filled with the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings into a temperature control room for variable-temperature low-temperature treatment, wherein the variable-temperature low-temperature treatment comprises a first stage treatment, a second stage treatment and a third stage treatment, the first stage treatment lasts for 1-2 days, the treatment temperature is 3-10 ℃, the second stage treatment lasts for 6-8 days, the treatment temperature is 0-3 ℃, the third stage treatment lasts for 1-2 days, and the treatment temperature is 3-10 ℃.
S3: and planting the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings subjected to temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment in 50-hole plug trays filled with the matrix to cultivate the strawberry big seedlings.
S4: and (3) carrying out constant-temperature low-temperature treatment on the strawberry seedlings in the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the treatment temperature of the constant-temperature low-temperature treatment is 0-5 ℃, and the treatment time is 25 days.
S5: and transplanting the strawberry seedlings subjected to constant-temperature low-temperature treatment into a greenhouse after the autumn comes up for 8 months.
Specifically, when the greenhouse is transplanted, the arch of the strawberry seedlings is arranged outwards and exposed, the transplanting density of the strawberry seedlings is 3000 plants per mu, the span of the greenhouse is 8 meters, a single greenhouse forms 7 ridges, 2 rows of strawberry seedlings are planted in each ridge, and the plant spacing of the strawberry seedlings is 40 centimeters.
Covering a sun-shading net on the greenhouse within a week after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse, so that the shade degree of the sun-shading net reaches more than 70%, and preventing direct irradiation of sunlight to the strawberry seedlings. Drip irrigation twice in the morning and evening every day to keep the ridge soil in the greenhouse moist, so that the growth of strawberry roots is facilitated, and the survival rate is improved.
And after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse for one week, removing the sunshade net, and continuously keeping the ridge soil of the greenhouse moist.
And removing the stolons which are grown for the first time of the strawberry seedlings transplanted to the greenhouse and are free to grow into seedlings with aerial roots, and transplanting the seedlings as next-year seedlings into a nursery garden according to the equal spacing of the rows and the rows of the seedlings by 0.6 meter. When the big strawberry seedlings transplanted to the greenhouse bud and flower, old leaves of the big strawberry seedlings are timely stripped, two side seedlings are left before and after each big strawberry seedling, and the rest are removed.
In this embodiment, the strawberry seedlings are aerial roots exposed on the mulching film and grown on stolons, and the strawberry seedlings are seedlings with underdeveloped root systems and with two leaves and one core.
The strawberry big seedling is grown from strawberry seedling/young seedling, has developed root system and has more than four leaves and one heart.
The first variable-temperature low-temperature treatment of the high-efficiency strawberry planting method for promoting early maturing in spring transformation is strawberry seedlings/young seedlings, and is treatment before large strawberry seedlings are cultivated, so that the survival rate of the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings is increased. If the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings which are not subjected to the first temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment are directly transplanted into the plug tray filled with the matrix, the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings breathe fast, and are wilted and easy to die due to high temperature. On the contrary, the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings subjected to the first temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment are transplanted into the plug tray filled with the matrix and are easy to survive after being watered.
The processing process of the first temperature-changing low-temperature treatment of the spring early-promoting efficient planting method for strawberries is to force the strawberries to be dormant, and when the dormant strawberries are transplanted to the hole tray, the dormancy is broken, the temperature is high, the evaporation is fast, and when the strawberries are watered, the strawberries absorb water fast, and the survival rate is high.
The second constant-temperature low-temperature treatment of the strawberry spring early-promoting efficient planting method is to perform spring treatment on the cultured strawberry seedlings.
By adopting the efficient planting method for promoting the early ripening of strawberries in spring, the initial picking time of strawberries in the greenhouse is 10 months earlier than that of the strawberries in the traditional planting method by more than 45 days.
According to the first variable-temperature low-temperature treatment and the second constant-temperature low-temperature treatment of the strawberry spring-transformation early-promoting efficient planting method, the strawberry seedlings/small seedlings and the strawberry big seedlings which are respectively treated are not filled with soil, the space occupied by a temperature control room (a cold storage) during treatment is small, and the efficiency is high.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A spring early-maturing promoting efficient planting method for strawberries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cultivating strawberry seedlings/plantlets, wherein the strawberry seedlings are cultivated with aerial roots by utilizing stolons growing at the later growth stage of strawberries, the strawberry seedlings are cultivated with aerial roots growing on the initial stolons from which strawberries are transplanted in autumn, seedlings of the next year are transplanted to a seedling nursery for cultivating strawberries according to the proportion that the plant-row spacing is 0.6 meter at equal intervals, and the strawberry seedlings and the strawberry plantlets are cut off in the middle ten days of 5 months and are filled into a frame filled with film bags;
putting the frame with the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings into a temperature control room for variable-temperature low-temperature treatment, wherein the variable-temperature low-temperature treatment comprises a first stage treatment, a second stage treatment and a third stage treatment, the first stage treatment lasts for 1-2 days, the treatment temperature is 3-10 ℃, the second stage treatment lasts for 6-8 days, the treatment temperature is 0-3 ℃, the third stage treatment lasts for 1-2 days, and the treatment temperature is 3-10 ℃;
planting the strawberry seedlings/young seedlings subjected to the temperature-changing and low-temperature treatment in a 50-hole plug tray filled with a substrate to cultivate strawberry big seedlings with developed root systems;
in the middle ten days of 7 months, taking the strawberry seedlings out of the plug tray, removing the matrix, filling the strawberry seedlings into a plastic frame filled with a film bag, and placing the strawberry seedlings into a refrigerator for constant-temperature low-temperature treatment, wherein the treatment temperature of the constant-temperature low-temperature treatment is 0-5 ℃, and the treatment time is 25 days;
and transplanting the strawberry seedlings subjected to constant-temperature low-temperature treatment to a greenhouse after autumn comes up for 8 months, and watering the ridges with water.
2. The strawberry rejuvenation early-maturing efficient planting method according to claim 1, wherein within one week after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse, a sunshade net is covered on the greenhouse, so that the shading degree of the sunshade net reaches more than 70%, water is dripped twice in the morning and evening every day, and ridge soil in the greenhouse is kept moist.
3. The strawberry rejuvenation early-maturing efficient planting method according to claim 2, wherein after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into a greenhouse for one week, the sunshade net is uncovered, and the ridge soil is kept wet.
4. The strawberry rejuvenation early-maturing efficient planting method according to claim 3, wherein when the big strawberry seedlings transplanted into the greenhouse bud and flower, old leaves of the big strawberry seedlings are timely stripped off, two side seedlings are left before and after each big strawberry seedling, and the rest are removed.
5. The spring early-promoting efficient planting method for strawberries as claimed in claim 4, wherein among the picked strawberry seedlings, the strawberry seedling having aerial root is selected as the strawberry seed seedling of the next year, and the strawberry seedling is transplanted to a preselected breeding nursery.
6. The method for promoting early ripening and high-efficiency planting of strawberries according to claim 1, wherein when the step of transplanting the strawberries subjected to the constant-temperature low-temperature treatment into a greenhouse is performed, the strawberries are placed with their bow-back-out and exposed to the outside, the transplanting density of the strawberries is 3000 plants per acre, the span of the greenhouse is 8m, each greenhouse forms 7 ridges, each ridge is planted with 2 rows of the strawberries, and the row spacing of the strawberries is 40 cm.
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