CN109089783A - The method for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding - Google Patents
The method for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089783A CN109089783A CN201810993255.0A CN201810993255A CN109089783A CN 109089783 A CN109089783 A CN 109089783A CN 201810993255 A CN201810993255 A CN 201810993255A CN 109089783 A CN109089783 A CN 109089783A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, comprising the following steps: step 1, seed selection vernalization treatment.Step 2, hack spray disinfectant stir to obtain disinfection soil；Disinfection soil is mixed with river sand, overlay film is stood.Step 4, sowing, survive to seedling.Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and add natural fertilizers in the stolon generation phase, conventional cultivation becomes commercial seedling；Wherein, natural fertilizers form are as follows: 30-40 parts of leaf mould, 5-10 parts of ginger powder, 1-8 parts of pumpkin seeds shell powder, 10-25 parts of egg shell powder, 30-40 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of cat excrement, 10-15 parts of dog excrement, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 25-30 parts 40-60 parts of goose excrement, 25-35 parts of peanut cake, 25-30 parts of soybean cake, 5-10 parts of tealeaves, 10-20 parts of river silt, flyash 10-15 and 30-40 parts of water.Step 3 seedling into step 4 at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during commodity seedling stage is controlled by irrigation control system.The present invention improves the yield of strawberry on the basis of effectively shortening strawberry growing-seedling period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field more particularly to a kind of sides for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding
Method.
Background technique
Strawberry is rosaceae Fragaria herbaceos perennial, fruit bright-coloured beautiful, fragrant strong, soft and succulency, value
It is abundant, be known as being " fruit queen ", vitamin C rich in, VitAVitE, nicotinic acid, vitamin B1,
Vitamin B2, carrotene, tannic acid, aspartic acid, copper, strawberry amine, pectin, cellulose, folic acid, iron, calcium, ellagic acid and cyanine
The nutriments such as element；Especially contained vitamin C, content are all 7-10 times higher than apple, grape.And contained malic acid,
Citric acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and carrotene, calcium, phosphorus, the content of iron are also 3 to 4 times higher than apple, pears, grape；
In addition to fresh food, pulp, fruit juice, fruit wine, sweet can and various cold drinks and quick-frozen food also can be processed into, it is deep by the majority of consumers
Welcome.Since Traditional breeding processes virus infection is serious, under low output, and breeding coefficient is low, speed is slow, is not able to satisfy big
The demand of large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above problems, and provide the advantages of at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of methods for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, are effectively shortening
On the basis of strawberry growing-seedling period, the yield of strawberry is improved.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, it is quick to provide a kind of raising strawberry plants kind
The method of breeding, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the seed for choosing high yield, disease-free strawberry cultivars, and make vernalization treatment.
Step 2 after taking soil to crush, crosses 7-10 mesh, and sprinkling soil sterilants stirs to obtain disinfection soil；It will disinfection soil and river
Sand mixing, overlay film stand 3-5 hours, obtain planting matrix soil.
Step 3 is sowed and is watered to the intracorporal planting matrix soil of the basin and soaks, and is survived to seedling.
Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and add natural fertilizer in the stolon generation phase
Material, conventional cultivation become commercial seedling；Wherein, the composition of the natural fertilizers are as follows: 30-40 parts of leaf mould, 5-10 parts of ginger powder,
1-8 parts of pumpkin seeds shell powder, 10-25 parts of egg shell powder, 30-40 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of cat excrement, 10-15 parts of dog excrement, chicken manure 20-
30 parts, 25-30 parts of goose excrement, 25-35 parts of peanut cake, 25-30 parts of soybean cake, 5-10 parts of tealeaves, 10-20 parts of river silt, flyash 10-
15 and 30-40 parts of water.
Step 3 seedling into step 4 at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during the commodity seedling stage is controlled by irrigation control system
System.
Preferably, the specific steps of vernalization treatment described in step 1 are as follows:
Step A, the seed is wrapped in gauze, gauze is layer 2-4, is placed in distilled water and impregnates 8-12 hours.
Step B, the seed after immersion is dried in the air to 8 one-tenth after doing, using temperature gradient method cryo-conservation: being protected under 4-5 degrees Celsius
It deposits 8-10 days；It is saved 3-4 days under 6-8 degrees Celsius；It is saved 2-3 days under 9-12 degrees Celsius.
Step C, the seed after taking out cryo-conservation is placed in room temperature 2-5 hours.
Preferably, the pH value of soil is 5.5-6.5 in step 2.
Preferably, the mixed proportion of river sand described in step 2 and disinfection soil is 2:1.
Preferably, phase in growth of seedling busy season in step 4, light irradiation time 12-15h/d；Intensity of illumination 2500-3500Lux.
Preferably, the composition of the soil sterilants are as follows: 40-60 parts of water；10-18 parts of acetic acid；2-7 parts of pyridine；Furfural
5-12 parts；6-12 parts of formic acid；1-2 parts of muscardine；4-10 parts of phenol；5-8 parts of chitin；15-25 parts of ethyl alcohol and acetone 1-5
Part.
Preferably, the irrigation control system includes:
The basin body comprising outer basin and the interior basin being placed in the outer basin；The depth of the outer basin interior basin
Depth is 1-5 centimetres big, and outside fold face is arranged in the interior basin top, and is adapted to the outer basin top outer diameter, the outer basin
2-6 convex block is symmetrical arranged at top end opening, the convex block is adapted to the fold face bottom end；Folder is arranged in the tub wall of the interior basin
Layer, the top of the interior basin be provided with the water inlet of the interlayer fluid communication and it is multiple around the interior basin and with it is described
The water outlet of interlayer fluid communication；Multiple through-holes are arranged in the interior basin basin bottom, and the aperture of the through-hole is set as 1-2 millimeters, institute
Interior basin basin bottom setting gauze is stated, the gauze is set as one layer.
Irrigation pipe comprising main siphunculus, branched pipe and drainage tube, the tail end closing of the main siphunculus, the main siphunculus
Head end connect outlet pipe；One end of the branched pipe is arranged on the main siphunculus, and with the main siphunculus liquid phase
Logical, the other end of the branched pipe is connected to the water inlet；Drainage tube is arranged in the water outlet, and the drainage tube front end is set
Set the spray head being adapted to the water outlet；The pump housing is set on the drainage tube.And
The water outlet of the branched pipe is arranged in valve body.
Preferably, the irrigation system further include:
Controller is connected respectively to the pump housing and valve body, to control the opening and closing of the pump housing and valve body.And
Soil property detection module is used to detect the water content in the planting matrix soil and kind phytogenic soil, when the soil property
When the water-retention value of detection module detection is lower than 60%, the controller controls the pump housing and valve body is opened；When the soil property is examined
When surveying the water-retention value of module detection higher than 85%, the controller controls the pump housing and valve body closure.
The present invention is include at least the following beneficial effects:
The present invention is strengthened by choosing high yield, virus-free strawberry seed from seeds self, can in growth course to resist
The influence of the disease or environment that can encounter fundamentally reduces the factor for influencing quickly to breed；And by vernalization treatment, improve
The germination rate of seed, the premise as strawberry high yield；Defeated pine and the gas permeability for guaranteeing plantation soil by crushing soil,
The soil of crushing is crossed into 7-10 mesh with further refinement plantation soil, plants the preservation capacity of water and fertility for using soil to improve；After being sieved
Soil uniformly mixed with soil sterilants, with achieve the purpose that sterilization it is fungi-proofing, effectively prevent soil evil propagate；Will disinfection soil with
River sand mixing, to increase the water imbibition and water-retaining property of soil property, covering film stand a few hours by way of so that soil
Disinfectant sufficiently act on mixed soil property in.
It is rotten in fertilizer by way of in stolon generation phase application fertilizer during seedling grows to commodity seedling stage
Leaf soil is the Nutrition Soil that plant leaf is formed after microorganism decomposition is fermented in the soil；Ginger powder contain protein, polysaccharide,
Vitamin and various trace elements；Contain more nitrogen and potash fertilizer in pumpkin seeds shell, is also conducive to loose soil property；In egg shell powder
Calcium carbonate and phosphorus element content are all quite high, and not only adjusting gentle to the soda acid in soil plays an important role, simultaneously
Egg shell powder can be regarded as to a kind of natural phosphate fertilizer；The content of the elements such as silicon, iron, potassium, phosphorus, boron, zinc, manganese in flyash compared with
Height can not only meet the needs of seedling strain various microelements, while can increase the plantation water penetration and gas permeability of soil, to reach
To the purpose of volume increase；Effect of the edible substance of earthworm in earthworm digestive system protease, lipase, cellulase and amylase
Under, it decomposes rapidly, transforms into itself or be easy to the nutriment that other biological utilizes, become wormcast after draining, it can be with
Play the role of better Soil building, really can comprehensively meet the various demands and nutritional ingredient of plant growth, have to plant
Fabulous mystery fertilizer efficiency；Many beneficial microbe existences on wormcast have the energy for absorbing and keeping nutriment
Power；Cat excrement, dog excrement, chicken manure and goose excrement all contain the nutrients such as higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, can be used as good natural fertilizers, are suitable for
The plantation of strawberry；Peanut cake, soybean cake, tealeaves, various microelements in river silt content further supplement Miao Zhusheng
At required；Root growth can be stimulated and various beneficial edaphons are provided, be conducive to the breeding for improving strawberry plants kind
Rate；While guaranteeing the nutrition supply in growth period, on the basis of strawberry breeding cycle is shortened 10-20 days, increase production 20%-
25%.
Further advantage, target and feature of the invention will be partially reflected by the following instructions, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of irrigation control system of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, to enable those skilled in the art referring to specification text
Word can be implemented accordingly.
It should be appreciated that such as " having ", "comprising" and " comprising " term used herein are not precluded one or more
The presence or addition of a other elements or combinations thereof.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of method for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the seed for choosing high yield, disease-free strawberry cultivars, and make vernalization treatment.
Step 2 after taking soil to crush, crosses 7-10 mesh, and sprinkling soil sterilants stirs to obtain disinfection soil；It will disinfection soil and river
Sand mixing, overlay film stand 3-5 hours, obtain planting matrix soil.
Step 3 is sowed and is watered to the intracorporal planting matrix soil of the basin and soaks, and is survived to seedling.
Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and add natural fertilizer in the stolon generation phase
Material, conventional cultivation become commercial seedling；Wherein, the composition of the natural fertilizers are as follows: 30-40 parts of leaf mould, 5-10 parts of ginger powder,
1-8 parts of pumpkin seeds shell powder, 10-25 parts of egg shell powder, 30-40 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of cat excrement, 10-15 parts of dog excrement, chicken manure 20-
30 parts, 25-30 parts of goose excrement, 25-35 parts of peanut cake, 25-30 parts of soybean cake, 5-10 parts of tealeaves, 10-20 parts of river silt, flyash 10-
15 and 30-40 parts of water.
Step 3 seedling into step 4 at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during the commodity seedling stage is controlled by irrigation control system
System.
In the above scheme, by choosing high yield, virus-free strawberry seed, strengthen from seeds self, to resist growth
The influence of the disease or environment that are likely encountered in the process fundamentally reduces the factor for influencing quickly to breed；And pass through vernalization
Processing, improves the germination rate of seed, the premise as strawberry high yield；By by soil crush with guarantee plantation with soil it is defeated pine and
Gas permeability crosses 7-10 mesh in the soil that will be crushed with further refinement plantation soil, plants the preservation capacity of water and fertility for using soil to improve；
Soil after sieving is uniformly mixed with soil sterilants, to achieve the purpose that sterilization is fungi-proofing, soil evil is effectively prevented and propagates；It will
Disinfection soil mix with river sand, to increase the water imbibition and water-retaining property of soil property, cover film standing a few hours by way of,
So that soil sterilants sufficiently act on mixed soil property in.
It is rotten in fertilizer by way of in stolon generation phase application fertilizer during seedling grows to commodity seedling stage
Leaf soil is the Nutrition Soil that plant leaf is formed after microorganism decomposition is fermented in the soil；Ginger powder contain protein, polysaccharide,
Vitamin and various trace elements；Contain more nitrogen and potash fertilizer in pumpkin seeds shell, is also conducive to loose soil property；In egg shell powder
Calcium carbonate and phosphorus element content are all quite high, and not only adjusting gentle to the soda acid in soil plays an important role, simultaneously
Egg shell powder can be regarded as to a kind of natural phosphate fertilizer；The content of the elements such as silicon, iron, potassium, phosphorus, boron, zinc, manganese in flyash compared with
Height can not only meet the needs of seedling strain various microelements, while can increase the plantation water penetration and gas permeability of soil, to reach
To the purpose of volume increase；Effect of the edible substance of earthworm in earthworm digestive system protease, lipase, cellulase and amylase
Under, it decomposes rapidly, transforms into itself or be easy to the nutriment that other biological utilizes, become wormcast after draining, it can be with
Play the role of better Soil building, really can comprehensively meet the various demands and nutritional ingredient of plant growth, have to plant
Fabulous mystery fertilizer efficiency；Many beneficial microbe existences on wormcast have the energy for absorbing and keeping nutriment
Power；Cat excrement, dog excrement, chicken manure and goose excrement all contain the nutrients such as higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, can be used as good natural fertilizers, are suitable for
The plantation of strawberry；Peanut cake, soybean cake, tealeaves, various microelements in river silt content further supplement Miao Zhusheng
At required；Root growth can be stimulated and various beneficial edaphons are provided, be conducive to the breeding for improving strawberry plants kind
Rate；While guaranteeing the nutrition supply in growth period, on the basis of strawberry breeding cycle is shortened 10-20 days, increase production 20%-
25%.
In one preferred embodiment, the specific steps of vernalization treatment described in step 1 are as follows:
Step A, the seed is wrapped in gauze, gauze is layer 2-4, is placed in distilled water and impregnates 8-12 hours.
Step B, the seed after immersion is dried in the air to 8 one-tenth after doing, using temperature gradient method cryo-conservation: being protected under 4-5 degrees Celsius
It deposits 8-10 days；It is saved 3-4 days under 6-8 degrees Celsius；It is saved 2-3 days under 9-12 degrees Celsius.
Step C, the seed after taking out cryo-conservation is placed in room temperature 2-5 hours.
In the above scheme, seed is cleaned by wrapping up and being immersed in distilled water by seed, to improve seed
Germination rate need to be dried to 8 one-tenth after cleaning, through cryo-conservation three times, gradually by 4-12 degrees Celsius to prevent seed rotten
Transit to it is different at a temperature of, the phenomenon that making seed gradually breaking dormancy state, simulate the gradually rise of spring temperature, more conducively
The raising of germination rate.
In one preferred embodiment, the pH value of soil is 5.5-6.5 in step 2.
In the above scheme, the soil property of strawberry is planted using acid soil property of the pH value between 5.5-6.5, more conducively strawberry
The growth of seed and the shortening in entire growth period in later period are a factors for improving strawberry cultivars breeding rate.
In one preferred embodiment, the mixed proportion of river sand described in step 2 and disinfection soil is 2:1.
In the above scheme, strawberry kind is given using the characteristic of the water-absorbing-retaining of river sand by mixing river sand in disinfection soil
Son provides the growth base soil an of retain water and nutrients, and for the degree for guaranteeing water conservation, river sand is mixed with disinfection soil 2:1, steady to guarantee
Determine the needs that seed is sprouted and foundation is grown.
In one preferred embodiment, the phase in growth of seedling busy season in step 4, light irradiation time 12-15h/d；Intensity of illumination 2500-
3500Lux。
In the above scheme, in the phase in growth of seedling busy season, by daily illumination 12-15h, and intensity of illumination 2500- is required
3500Lux, to guarantee to grow phase in busy season enough lighting requirements, in favor of accelerating the speed of growth of seedling.
In one preferred embodiment, the composition of the soil sterilants are as follows: 40-60 parts of water；10-18 parts of acetic acid；Pyridine 2-7
Part；5-12 parts of furfural；6-12 parts of formic acid；1-2 parts of muscardine；4-10 parts of phenol；5-8 parts of chitin；15-25 parts of ethyl alcohol and third
1-5 parts of ketone.
In the above scheme, prevent in advance, effectively prevent soil-borne disease, efficiently can quickly kill fungi in soil, bacterium,
Nematode, weeds, soil-borne disease poison, subterranean pest-insect technology, can be well solved the continuous cropping problem of crop, and significant improve crop
Yield and quality.
In one preferred embodiment, the irrigation control system includes:
The basin body 1 comprising the outer interior basin 12 basin 11 and be placed in the outer basin 11；The depth of the outer basin 11 is compared with institute
The depth for stating interior basin 12 is 1-5 centimetres big, and outside fold face is arranged in interior 12 top of basin, and is adapted to outside 11 top of outer basin
Diameter, 2-6 convex block 13 is symmetrical arranged at the top end opening of the outer basin 11, and the convex block 13 is adapted to the fold face bottom end；
The tub wall sandwich establishment 14 of the interior basin 12, the top of the interior basin 12 are provided with the water inlet with 14 fluid communication of interlayer
15 and multiple around the interior basin 12 and the water outlet 16 with 14 fluid communication of interlayer；12 basin bottom of the interior basin setting is more
A through-hole, the aperture of the through-hole are set as 1-2 millimeters, and gauze is arranged in the interior 12 basin bottom of basin, and the gauze is set as one layer.
Irrigation pipe comprising main siphunculus 21, branched pipe 22 and drainage tube, the tail end closing of the main siphunculus 21 are described
The head end of main siphunculus 21 connects outlet pipe；One end of the branched pipe 22 is arranged on the main siphunculus 21, and with it is described
Main 21 fluid communication of siphunculus, the other end of the branched pipe 22 are connected to the water inlet 15；It is arranged at the water outlet 16 and draws
The spray head being adapted to the water outlet 16 is arranged in flow tube, the drainage tube front end；The pump housing is set on the drainage tube.And
The water outlet 16 of the branched pipe 22 is arranged in valve body.
In the above scheme, as shown in Fig. 2, the interior basin 12 is placed in the outer basin 11, the depth of the outer basin 11 compared with
The depth of the interior basin 12 is big, and 12 bottom end of interior basin is made to be in vacant state, in conjunction with the through-hole at the interior 12 basin bottom of basin, so that
The water penetration and gas permeability of plantation soil in the interior basin 12 are preferable；
The irrigation of seed seedling stage and seedling growth stage plant has irrigation control system control, and irrigation water passes through institute
Main siphunculus 21 is stated to branched pipe 22, is leading in interlayer 14, by drainage tube under the action of the pump housing, water is led at spray head,
To realize the irrigation of seed or seedling or commercial seedling in internal basin 12, duty mistake can be prevented by irrigate by spray head
Greatly, guarantee that uniformity when sprinkling, by being irrigated in time, provides reality so that the irrigation for seedling provides convenience
When irrigation water demand, effectively shorten strawberry breeding cycle；11 basin of outer basin along upper setting convex block 13, by the interior basin 12
It props up, convenient for more laborsaving when separating the inside and outside basin 11；To prevent the soil property in interior basin 12 from falling from the through-hole,
At interior 12 basin bottom of basin, one layer of gauze is set.
In one preferred embodiment, the irrigation system further include:
Controller is connected respectively to the pump housing and valve body, to control the opening and closing of the pump housing and valve body.And
Soil property detection module is used to detect the water content in the planting matrix soil and kind phytogenic soil, when the soil property
When the water-retention value of detection module detection is lower than 60%, the controller controls the pump housing and valve body is opened；When the soil property is examined
When surveying the water-retention value of module detection higher than 85%, the controller controls the pump housing and valve body closure.
In the above scheme, the water content with soil, the controller are planted by the soil property detection module real-time detection
According to the difference of water content, to control the opening and closing of the pump housing and valve body, irrigate or do not irrigate, when water content is lower than 60%
When, plantation is more dry with native surface layer, need to open the pump housing and valve body is irrigated, when irrigation to detection water content is 85%, by the pump housing
It is closed with valve body, stopping is irrigated, and seed germination, growth of seedling and commercial seedling growth period are followed by above-mentioned principle
The problem of ring is irrigated, and is avoided slow growth caused by artificial irrigate not in time, is influenced breeding rate, is controlled by controller and is irrigated
It with water, is irrigated in time in plantation water, irrigation stops irrigating in time after answering mark, to shorten vegetation period, improves numerous
Educate rate.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1, the seed for choosing high yield, disease-free strawberry cultivars, and make vernalization treatment, the specific steps of vernalization treatment
It is as follows:
Step A, the seed is wrapped in gauze, gauze is 2 layers, is placed in distilled water and impregnates 8 hours.
Step B, the seed after immersion is dried in the air to 8 one-tenth after doing, using temperature gradient method cryo-conservation: saving 4 under 4 degrees Celsius
It；It is saved 4 days under 6 degrees Celsius；It is saved 3 days under 9 degrees Celsius.
Step C, the seed after taking out cryo-conservation is placed in room temperature 5 hours.
Step 2 after taking soil to crush, crosses 7 meshes, and sprinkling soil sterilants stirs to obtain disinfection soil；It will disinfection soil and river sand
Mixing, overlay film stand 3 hours, obtain planting matrix soil, wherein the pH value of soil is 5.5；The mixed proportion of river sand and disinfection soil is 2:
1。
Step 3 is sowed and is watered to the intracorporal planting matrix soil of the basin and soaks, and is survived to seedling.
Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and add natural fertilizer in the stolon generation phase
Material, conventional cultivation become commercial seedling；Wherein, the composition of the natural fertilizers are as follows: 30 parts of leaf mould, 5 parts of ginger powder, pumpkin seeds
1 part of shell powder, 10 parts of egg shell powder, 30 parts of wormcast, 15 parts of cat excrement, 10 parts of dog excrement, 20 parts of chicken manure, 25 parts of goose excrement, peanut cake 25
Part, 25 parts of soybean cake, 5 parts of tealeaves, 10 parts of river silt, flyash 10 and 30 parts of water.
Phase in growth of seedling busy season, light irradiation time 12h/d；Intensity of illumination 2500Lux.
Step 3 seedling into step 4 at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during the commodity seedling stage is controlled by irrigation control system
System.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1, the seed for choosing high yield, disease-free strawberry cultivars, and make vernalization treatment, the specific steps of vernalization treatment
It is as follows:
Step A, the seed is wrapped in gauze, gauze is 3 layers, is placed in distilled water and impregnates 10 hours.
Step B, the seed after immersion is dried in the air to 8 one-tenth after doing, is saved 8 days under 12 degrees Celsius.
Step C, the seed after taking out cryo-conservation is placed in room temperature 4 hours.
Step 2 after taking soil to crush, crosses 8 meshes, and sprinkling soil sterilants stirs to obtain disinfection soil；It will disinfection soil and river sand
Mixing, overlay film stand 4 hours, obtain planting matrix soil, wherein the pH value of soil is 6.0；The mixed proportion of river sand and disinfection soil is 2:
1。
Step 3 is sowed and is watered to the intracorporal planting matrix soil of the basin and soaks, and is survived to seedling.
Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and add natural fertilizer in the stolon generation phase
Material, conventional cultivation become commercial seedling；Wherein, the composition of the natural fertilizers are as follows: 35 parts of leaf mould, 7 parts of ginger powder, pumpkin seeds
5 parts of shell powder, 15 parts of egg shell powder, 35 parts of wormcast, 18 parts of cat excrement, 12 parts of dog excrement, 25 parts of chicken manure, 28 parts of goose excrement, peanut cake 30
Part, 28 parts of soybean cake, 7 parts of tealeaves, 15 parts of river silt, flyash 12 and 35 parts of water.
Phase in growth of seedling busy season, light irradiation time 14h/d；Intensity of illumination 3000Lux.
Step 3 seedling into step 4 is irrigated at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during the commodity seedling stage to be artificial.
Embodiment 3:
Step 1, the seed for choosing high yield, disease-free strawberry cultivars, and make vernalization treatment, the specific steps of vernalization treatment
It is as follows:
Step A, the seed is wrapped in gauze, gauze is 4 layers, is placed in distilled water and impregnates 12 hours.
Step B, the seed after immersion is dried in the air to 8 one-tenth after doing, is saved 15 days under 4 degrees Celsius.
Step C, the seed after taking out cryo-conservation is placed in room temperature 5 hours.
Step 2 after taking soil to crush, crosses 10 meshes, and sprinkling soil sterilants stirs to obtain disinfection soil；It will disinfection soil and river sand
Mixing, overlay film stand 5 hours, obtain planting matrix soil, wherein the pH value of soil is 6.5；The mixed proportion of river sand and disinfection soil is 2:
1。
Step 3 is sowed and is watered to the intracorporal planting matrix soil of the basin and soaks, and is survived to seedling.
Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and phase additional ternary occurs in stolon
Compound fertilizer, conventional cultivation become commercial seedling；Phase in growth of seedling busy season, light irradiation time 15h/d；Intensity of illumination 3500Lux.
Step 3 seedling into step 4 at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during the commodity seedling stage is controlled by irrigation control system
System.
Embodiment 4:
Step 1, the seed for choosing high yield, disease-free strawberry cultivars, and make vernalization treatment, the specific steps of vernalization treatment
It is as follows:
Step A, the seed is wrapped in gauze, gauze is 4 layers, is placed in distilled water and impregnates 12 hours.
Step B, the seed after immersion is dried in the air to 8 one-tenth after doing, is saved 10 days under 8 degrees Celsius.
Step C, the seed after taking out cryo-conservation is placed in room temperature 5 hours.
Step 2 after taking soil to crush, crosses 10 meshes, and sprinkling soil sterilants stirs to obtain disinfection soil；It will disinfection soil and river sand
Mixing, overlay film stand 5 hours, obtain planting matrix soil, wherein the pH value of soil is 6.5；The mixed proportion of river sand and disinfection soil is 2:
1。
Step 3 is sowed and is watered to the intracorporal planting matrix soil of the basin and soaks, and is survived to seedling.
Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and phase additional ternary occurs in stolon
Compound fertilizer, conventional cultivation become commercial seedling；Phase in growth of seedling busy season, light irradiation time 15h/d；Intensity of illumination 3500Lux.
Step 3 seedling into step 4 is irrigated at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during the commodity seedling stage to be artificial.
It will be comprehensive such as 1 institute of table with bud ratio, seeding stage, fruiting period and the percentage of fertile fruit in embodiment 1-4 planting process
Show, the natural fertilizers that the fertilising of embodiment 1 uses, and irrigates and controlled by irrigation control system, bud ratio, seeding stage, knot
Fruiting period and percentage of fertile fruit are substantially better than embodiment 2,3,4, and crop cycle is obviously shortened, and percentage of fertile fruit is up to 98%, in summary,
The method of the present invention for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, hence it is evident that be better than traditional cultivation method, so that crop cycle contracts
It is 20-25 days short, and increase production 20%-25%.
Table 1
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and legend shown and described herein.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein the following steps are included:
Step 1, the seed for choosing high yield, disease-free strawberry cultivars, and make vernalization treatment；
Step 2 after taking soil to crush, crosses 7-10 mesh, and sprinkling soil sterilants stirs to obtain disinfection soil；Disinfection soil is mixed with river sand
It closes, overlay film stands 3-5 hours, obtains planting matrix soil；
Step 3 is sowed and is watered to the intracorporal planting matrix soil of the basin and soaks, and is survived to seedling；
Step 4, seed are transplanted after growing seedling, after definite value survives, spray urea, and add natural fertilizers in the stolon generation phase,
Conventional cultivation becomes commercial seedling；Wherein, the composition of the natural fertilizers are as follows: 30-40 parts of leaf mould, 5-10 parts of ginger powder, south
1-8 parts of melon seed cases powder, 10-25 parts of egg shell powder, 30-40 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of cat excrement, 10-15 parts of dog excrement, chicken manure 20-30
Part, 25-30 parts of goose excrement, 25-35 parts of peanut cake, 25-30 parts of soybean cake, 5-10 parts of tealeaves, 10-20 parts of river silt, flyash 10-15
And 30-40 parts of water；
Step 3 seedling into step 4 at the irrigation of current to seedling strain during the commodity seedling stage is controlled by irrigation control system.
2. the method according to claim 1 for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein vernalization described in step 1
The specific steps of processing are as follows:
Step A, the seed is wrapped in gauze, gauze is layer 2-4, is placed in distilled water and impregnates 8-12 hours；
Step B, the seed after immersion is dried in the air to 8 one-tenth after doing, using temperature gradient method cryo-conservation: saving 8- under 4-5 degrees Celsius
10 days；It is saved 3-4 days under 6-8 degrees Celsius；It is saved 2-3 days under 9-12 degrees Celsius；
Step C, the seed after taking out cryo-conservation is placed in room temperature 2-5 hours.
3. the method according to claim 1 for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein the PH of soil in step 2
Value is 5.5-6.5.
4. the method according to claim 1 for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein river sand described in step 2
Mixed proportion with disinfection soil is 2:1.
5. the method according to claim 1 for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein growth of seedling in step 4
Phase in busy season, light irradiation time 12-15h/d；Intensity of illumination 2500-3500Lux.
6. the method according to claim 1 for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein the soil sterilants
Composition are as follows: 40-60 parts of water；10-18 parts of acetic acid；2-7 parts of pyridine；5-12 parts of furfural；6-12 parts of formic acid；1-2 parts of muscardine；Phenol
4-10 parts；5-8 parts of chitin；15-25 parts of ethyl alcohol and 1-5 parts of acetone.
7. the method according to claim 1 for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein the irrigation control system
Include:
The basin body comprising outer basin and the interior basin being placed in the outer basin；The depth of the depth of the outer basin interior basin
1-5 centimetres big, outside fold face is arranged in the interior basin top, and is adapted to the outer basin top outer diameter, the top of the outer basin
Opening is symmetrical arranged 2-6 convex block, and the convex block is adapted to the fold face bottom end；The tub wall sandwich establishment of the interior basin,
The top of the interior basin be provided with the water inlet of the interlayer fluid communication and it is multiple around the interior basin and with the folder
The water outlet of layer fluid communication；The interior basin basin bottom is arranged multiple through-holes, and the aperture of the through-hole is set as 1-2 millimeters, described
Gauze is arranged in interior basin basin bottom, and the gauze is set as one layer；
Irrigation pipe comprising main siphunculus, branched pipe and drainage tube, the tail end closing of the main siphunculus, the head of the main siphunculus
End connection outlet pipe；One end of the branched pipe is arranged on the main siphunculus, and with the main siphunculus fluid communication, institute
The other end for stating branched pipe is connected to the water inlet；The water outlet is arranged drainage tube, the drainage tube front end setting with
The spray head of the water outlet adaptation；The pump housing is set on the drainage tube；And
The water outlet of the branched pipe is arranged in valve body.
8. the method according to claim 7 for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding, wherein the irrigation system is also wrapped
It includes:
Controller is connected respectively to the pump housing and valve body, to control the opening and closing of the pump housing and valve body；And
Soil property detection module is used to detect the water content in the planting matrix soil and kind phytogenic soil, when the soil property detects
When the water-retention value of module detection is lower than 60%, the controller controls the pump housing and valve body is opened；When the soil property detects mould
When the water-retention value of block detection is higher than 85%, the controller controls the pump housing and valve body closure.
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| CN113303181A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-27 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Efficient planting method for promoting early ripening of strawberries in spring |
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Application publication date: 20181228 |