CN112771293A - 密封装置和润滑脂附着方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
配置于相对旋转的内侧构件与外侧构件之间的密封装置包括:第一密封构件,具有安装于外侧构件的圆筒部分和从圆筒部分朝向内侧构件且向径向内侧扩展的环状部分;和第二密封构件,具有安装于内侧构件的套筒和从套筒向径向外侧扩展的凸缘,凸缘与第一密封构件的环状部分相对。第一密封构件具有从环状部分朝向第二密封构件的凸缘延伸的、由弹性材料形成的至少三个轴向唇。配置于径向外侧的轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇的过盈量大。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及密封装置和润滑脂附着方法。
背景技术
例如滚珠轴承那样的滚动轴承众所周知,例如用于机动车的轮毂。作为对滚动轴承的内部进行密封的密封装置,有专利文献1记载的密封装置。该密封装置具有固定于滚动轴承的内圈的抛油环和固定于滚动轴承的外方构件的密封件,密封件具有以能够滑动的方式与抛油环接触的多个唇。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-159791号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
这样的密封装置具有进行封闭以免水(包含泥水或者盐水在内)、灰尘等异物从外部向轴承内部侵入的功能。特别是在水多的环境中使用的情况下,要求提升进行保护的功能以免水侵入到密封对象(例如轴承)的内部。
另外,期望即使密封装置的唇的数量增加,也容易使作为润滑剂的润滑脂附着于唇。
对此,本发明提供对密封对象的防水保护性能高且容易使润滑脂附着于唇的密封装置和容易使润滑脂附着于唇的润滑脂附着方法。
用于解决技术问题的方案
本发明的一方式的密封装置配置于相对旋转的内侧构件与外侧构件之间,并封闭所述内侧构件与所述外侧构件之间的间隙,所述密封装置包括:第一密封构件,具有安装于所述外侧构件的圆筒部分和从所述圆筒部分朝向所述内侧构件且向径向内侧扩展的环状部分;和第二密封构件,具有安装于所述内侧构件的套筒和从所述套筒向径向外侧扩展的凸缘,所述凸缘与所述第一密封构件的所述环状部分相对。所述第一密封构件具有从所述环状部分朝向所述第二密封构件的所述凸缘延伸的、由弹性材料形成的至少三个轴向唇。配置于径向外侧的所述轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的所述轴向唇的过盈量大。
在本方式中,由于第一密封构件具有至少三个轴向唇,所以对密封对象的防水保护性能高。配置于径向外侧的轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇的过盈量大,因此配置于径向外侧的轴向唇比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇弯曲得大。因此,与相反的情况相比,能够在狭窄的区域配置多的轴向唇。配置于径向外侧的轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇的过盈量大,因此通过从各轴向唇的径向内侧将润滑脂供给至各轴向唇的内周面,从而容易使润滑脂附着于各轴向唇。
本发明的一方式的润滑脂附着方法使润滑脂附着于所述密封装置的各轴向唇的内周面,所述润滑脂附着方法包括从各轴向唇的径向内侧向所述内周面供给润滑脂。
根据本方法,配置于径向外侧的轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇的过盈量大,因此通过从各轴向唇的径向内侧将润滑脂供给至各轴向唇的内周面,从而容易使润滑脂附着于各轴向唇。
优选的是,向所述内周面供给所述润滑脂包括从配置于径向的最内侧的所述轴向唇的径向内侧的位置喷射润滑脂的滴珠,从而使润滑脂同时附着于各轴向唇的内周面。在这样的情况下,由于能够使润滑脂同时附着于各轴向唇的内周面,所以作业效率高。
附图说明
图1是使用本发明的实施方式的密封装置的滚动轴承的一例的局部剖视图。
图2是本发明的实施方式的密封装置的局部剖视图。
图3是图2的密封装置的第一密封构件的局部剖视图。
图4是示出本发明的实施方式的润滑脂附着方法的一例的图。
图5是示出本发明的实施方式的润滑脂附着方法的另一例的图。
具体实施方式
以下,一边参照附图一边说明本发明的实施方式。在附图中,比例尺不一定准确地表示实施方式的产品,有时也会夸张地表示一部分的尺寸。
图1示出使用本发明的实施方式的密封装置的滚动轴承的一例即机动车用的轮毂轴承。但是,本发明的用途并不限定于轮毂轴承,本发明也能够适用于其它的滚动轴承。另外,在以下的说明中,轮毂轴承是滚珠轴承,但是本发明的用途并不限定于滚珠轴承,本发明也能够适用于具有其它种类的滚动体的滚柱轴承、滚针轴承等其它滚动轴承。另外,本发明也可适用于除机动车以外的机械所使用的滚动轴承。
该轮毂轴承1包括:轮毂(内侧构件)4,具有在内部插入有主轴(未图示)的孔2;内圈(内侧构件)6,安装于轮毂4;外圈(外侧构件)8,配置于它们的外侧;多个滚珠10,在轮毂4与外圈8之间配置为一列;多个滚珠12,在内圈6与外圈8之间配置为一列;和多个保持器14、15,将这些滚珠保持于规定位置。
外圈8被固定,另一方面轮毂4和内圈6伴随着主轴的旋转而旋转。
主轴和轮毂轴承1的共同的中心轴线Ax沿图1的上下方向延伸。在图1中,仅示出相对于中心轴线Ax而言的左侧部分。虽然没有详细地图示,但是图1的上侧是配置有机动车的车轮的外侧(外部侧),下侧是配置有差动齿轮等的内侧(内部侧)。图1示出的外侧、内侧分别指径向的外侧、内侧。
轮毂轴承1的外圈8固定于轮毂转向节16。轮毂4具有外部侧凸缘18,该外部侧凸缘18比外圈8更向半径方向外侧伸出。通过轮毂螺栓19能够将车轮安装于外部侧凸缘18。
在外圈8的外部侧的端部的附近配置有封闭外圈8与轮毂4之间的间隙的密封装置20,在外圈8的内部侧的端部的内侧配置有封闭外圈8与内圈6之间的间隙的密封装置21。在这些密封装置20、21的作用下,能够防止润滑脂即润滑剂从轮毂轴承1的内部流出,并且能够防止异物(包括水(包含泥水或者盐水)和尘埃在内)从外部向轮毂轴承1的内部的流入。在图1中,箭头F示出来自外部的异物的流动方向的例子。
密封装置20配置于轮毂轴承1所旋转的轮毂4与被固定的外圈8的外部侧的圆筒状的端部8A之间,并封闭轮毂4与外圈8之间的间隙。密封装置21配置于轮毂轴承1所旋转的内圈6与被固定的外圈8的内部侧的端部8B之间,并封闭内圈6与外圈8之间的间隙。
如图2所示,密封装置21配置于轮毂轴承1的外圈8的内部侧的端部8B与轮毂轴承1的内圈6的间隙内。密封装置21为环状,但是在图2中仅示出示出其左侧部分。
密封装置21具有包括第一密封构件24和第二密封构件26的复合结构。
第一密封构件24是安装于外圈8的、不旋转的固定密封构件。第一密封构件24是具有弹性环28和刚性环30的复合结构。弹性环28由弹性材料、例如弹性体形成。刚性环30由刚性材料、例如金属形成,并加强弹性环28。刚性环30具有大致L字形的剖面形状。刚性环30的一部分埋设于弹性环28,并与弹性环28紧贴。
第一密封构件24具有圆筒部分24A、环状部分24B、径向唇24C和轴向唇24D、24E、24F。圆筒部分24A构成安装于外圈8的安装部。具体而言,圆筒部分24A以过盈配合的方式嵌进(即被压入)外圈8的端部8B。环状部分24B为圆环状,配置于圆筒部分24A的径向内侧并朝向内圈6且向径向内侧扩展。圆筒部分24A和环状部分24B由刚性环30和弹性环28构成。
径向唇24C和轴向唇24D、24E、24F从环状部分24B朝向第二密封构件26延伸,它们的唇的前端与第二密封构件26接触。这些唇由弹性环28构成。
第二密封构件26也可称为抛油环即旋转密封构件。第二密封构件26安装于内圈6,在内圈6旋转时,第二密封构件26与内圈6一起旋转,使从外部飞散而来的异物溅起。
在本实施方式中,第二密封构件26也是具有弹性环32和刚性环34的复合结构。刚性环34由刚性材料、例如金属形成。
刚性环34具有大致L字形的剖面形状。具体而言,包括圆筒状的套筒34A和从套筒34A向径向外侧扩展的圆环状的凸缘34B。套筒34A构成安装于内圈6的安装部。具体而言,在套筒34A以过盈配合的方式嵌进(即被压入)有内圈6的端部。
凸缘34B配置于套筒34A的径向外侧,并向径向外侧扩展,与第一密封构件24的环状部分24B相对。在本实施方式中,凸缘34B为平板,且位于相对于套筒34A的轴线垂直的平面内。在该实施方式中,第二密封构件26的凸缘34B的、和环状部分24B相对的面34C与第一密封构件24的环状部分24B的、和凸缘34B相对的面24G平行。
弹性环32与刚性环34的凸缘34B紧贴。在本实施方式中,为了测量内圈6的转速而设置弹性环32。具体而言,弹性环32由含有磁性金属粉的弹性体材料形成,并且由于磁性金属粉而具有多个S极和N极。在弹性环32中,多个S极和N极在圆周方向上隔着等角度间隔而交替配置。通过未图示的磁回转式编码器,能够测定弹性环32的旋转角度。但是,弹性环32不是必不可少的。
第一密封构件24的径向唇(润滑脂唇)24C从环状部分24B的内侧端向半径方向内侧延伸。径向唇24C朝向第二密封构件26的套筒34A延伸,且径向唇24C的前端与套筒34A接触。径向唇24C朝向半径方向内侧且朝向外部侧延伸,主要起到阻止润滑剂从轮毂轴承1的内部流出的作用。
第一密封构件24的轴向唇(侧唇)24D、24E、24F从环状部分24B向侧方延伸。轴向唇24D、24E、24F的前端朝向半径方向外侧且朝向内部侧延伸,并与第二密封构件26的凸缘34B的面34C接触。轴向唇24D、24E、24F主要起到阻止异物从外部向轮毂轴承1的内部流入的作用。第一密封构件24由于具有三个轴向唇24D、24E、24F,所以对密封对象(轮毂轴承1的内部)的防水保护性能高。
第一密封构件24安装于被固定的外圈8,另一方面,由于内圈6和第二密封构件26的旋转,所以径向唇24C和轴向唇24D、24E、24F相对于第二密封构件26产生滑动。
轴向唇24D、24E、24F与径向唇24C相比较,施加于内圈6的扭矩小,即使内圈6和外圈8发生偏心,封闭性能的变动也小。
在轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面附着有润滑脂38作为润滑剂。
图3是第一密封构件24的局部剖视图。在图3中,用实线示出不与第二密封构件26接触而未产生变形的径向唇24C和轴向唇24D、24E、24F。另外,用虚线示出与第二密封构件26接触而产生了变形的径向唇24C和轴向唇24D、24E、24F。
配置于径向的最外侧的轴向唇24F的过盈量If比配置于中间的轴向唇24E的过盈量Ie大。另外,轴向唇24E的过盈量Ie比配置于径方向的最内侧的轴向唇24D的过盈量Id大。
与轴向唇24D、24E、24F的基部相应的面24G与轴向唇24D、24E、24F的前端部所接触的凸缘34B的面34C平行。因此,配置于径向的最外侧的轴向唇24F的高度(从根部到前端的轴线方向的距离)Hf比配置于中间的轴向唇24E的高度He大。另外,轴向唇24E的高度He比配置于径向的最内侧的轴向唇24D的高度Hd大。
配置于径向外侧的轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇的过盈量大,因此配置于径向外侧的轴向唇比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇弯曲得大。因此,与相反的情况相比,能够在狭窄的区域配置多的轴向唇。具体而言,能够在更狭窄的区域配置三个轴向唇24D、24E、24F。或者能够在相同的区域配置更多的轴向唇。
另外,配置于径向外侧的轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的轴向唇的过盈量大,因此通过从各轴向唇24D、24E、24F的径向内侧将润滑脂38供给至各轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面,从而容易使润滑脂38附着于各轴向唇24D、24E、24F。
图4示出实施方式的润滑脂附着方法的一例。在本方法中,在配置于径向的最内侧的轴向唇24D的径向内侧的位置配置液滴喷射装置的喷射喷嘴40。并且,喷射喷嘴40喷射润滑脂38的滴珠38d,使润滑脂38同时附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面。
由于Hf>He>Hd,因此即使喷射喷嘴40大致水平地喷射滴珠38d,滴珠38d也会到达所有的轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面的前端。在这样的情况下,由于能够通过单一的喷射喷嘴40使润滑脂38同时附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面,所以作业效率高。也可以将喷射喷嘴40如虚线所示进行回转。
在配置喷射喷嘴40之前,优选如图4所示,将轴向唇24D、24E、24F朝向上方,将环状部分24B朝向下方。在这样的情况下,到达轴向唇24D、24E、24F的前端的润滑脂38在重力的作用下稍流向唇的下方从而在大范围附着有润滑脂38。
图5示出实施方式的润滑脂附着方法的另一例。在本方法中,将轴向唇24D、24E、24F朝向上方,将环状部分24B朝向下方。并且,通过使用润滑脂供给用的喷嘴或者滴管42从轴向唇24D、24E、24F的径向内侧将润滑脂38供给至内周面,从而使润滑脂38附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面。
由于Hf>He>Hd,因此与相反的情况或者Hf=He=Hd的情况相比较,轴向唇24D、24E、24F的重叠部分小,且容易使喷嘴或者滴管42的前端接近轴向唇24E、24F。因此,容易使润滑脂38附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F。
在图5所示的方法中,利用三个喷嘴或者滴管42使润滑脂38同时附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F。但是,也可以利用单一的喷嘴或者滴管42使润滑脂38在不同的时间附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F。也可以利用刷子或者棒来代替喷嘴或者滴管42在轴向唇24D、24E、24F涂附润滑脂38。
在上述任一方法中,都可以使喷射喷嘴40、喷嘴或滴管42、或者第一密封构件24回旋,从而使润滑脂38遍及整周地附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面。
但是,也可以使润滑脂38附着于轴向唇24D、24E、24F的内周面的一个部位。这是因为,在使用密封装置21时,由于轴向唇24D、24E、24F在第二密封构件26的凸缘34B滑动,所以附着于一个部位的润滑脂38会扩展至周向整体。
以上,虽然说明了本发明的实施方式,但是上述说明并不限定本发明,在本发明的技术范围中,可考虑包含结构要素的删除、追加、置换在内的各种变形例。
例如,在上述的实施方式中,内侧构件即轮毂4和内圈6是旋转构件,外侧构件即外圈8是静止构件。但是,本发明并不限定于上述实施方式,还能够适用于彼此相对旋转的多个构件的密封。例如,既可以是内侧构件静止、外侧构件旋转,也可以是这些构件全部旋转。
本发明的用途不限定于轮毂轴承1的密封。例如,在机动车的差动齿轮机构或其他动力传递机构、机动车的驱动轴的轴承或其他支承机构、泵的旋转轴的轴承或其他支承结构等中也能够使用本发明的密封装置或密封结构。
实施方式的密封装置21的刚性环30虽然是单独一个的部件,但是也可以将刚性环30置换为沿径向相互分离的多个刚性环。
实施方式的密封装置21虽然具有轴向唇24D、24E、24F,但是也可以具有四个以上的轴向唇。
附图标记说明
1 轮毂轴承(滚动轴承)
4 轮毂(内侧构件)
6 内圈(内侧构件)
8 外圈(外侧构件)
21 密封装置
24 第一密封构件
26 第二密封构件
28 弹性环
30 刚性环
24A 圆筒部分
24B 环状部分
24C 径向唇
24D、24E、24F 轴向唇
34A 套筒
34B 凸缘
38 润滑脂
38d 滴珠
40 喷射喷嘴
42 喷嘴或者滴管
Claims (3)
1.一种密封装置,配置于相对旋转的内侧构件与外侧构件之间,并封闭所述内侧构件与所述外侧构件之间的间隙,所述密封装置的特征在于,包括:
第一密封构件,具有安装于所述外侧构件的圆筒部分和从所述圆筒部分朝向所述内侧构件且向径向内侧扩展的环状部分;和
第二密封构件,具有安装于所述内侧构件的套筒和从所述套筒向径向外侧扩展的凸缘,所述凸缘与所述第一密封构件的所述环状部分相对,
所述第一密封构件具有从所述环状部分朝向所述第二密封构件的所述凸缘延伸的、由弹性材料形成的至少三个轴向唇,
配置于径向外侧的所述轴向唇的过盈量比配置于径向内侧的所述轴向唇的过盈量大。
2.一种润滑脂附着方法,使润滑脂附着于权利要求1所述的密封装置的各轴向唇的内周面,所述润滑脂附着方法包括:
从各轴向唇的径向内侧向所述内周面供给润滑脂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,
向所述内周面供给所述润滑脂包括:
从配置于径向的最内侧的所述轴向唇的径向内侧的位置喷射润滑脂的滴珠,从而使润滑脂同时附着于各轴向唇的内周面。
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2019
- 2019-11-05 JP JP2020556069A patent/JP7291722B2/ja active Active
- 2019-11-05 US US17/281,045 patent/US11927218B2/en active Active
- 2019-11-05 WO PCT/JP2019/043234 patent/WO2020100651A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2019-11-05 CN CN201980063329.3A patent/CN112771293B/zh active Active
- 2019-11-05 EP EP19885076.0A patent/EP3882497B1/en active Active
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EP3882497C0 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
JPWO2020100651A1 (ja) | 2021-09-02 |
US20210355995A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
JP2023058689A (ja) | 2023-04-25 |
US11927218B2 (en) | 2024-03-12 |
JP7489734B2 (ja) | 2024-05-24 |
CN112771293B (zh) | 2023-08-22 |
EP3882497A4 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
EP3882497A1 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
JP7291722B2 (ja) | 2023-06-15 |
EP3882497B1 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
WO2020100651A1 (ja) | 2020-05-22 |
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