CN1127482A - 抑制腐蚀的多层涂层 - Google Patents

抑制腐蚀的多层涂层 Download PDF

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CN1127482A
CN1127482A CN94192848.9A CN94192848A CN1127482A CN 1127482 A CN1127482 A CN 1127482A CN 94192848 A CN94192848 A CN 94192848A CN 1127482 A CN1127482 A CN 1127482A
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P·J·金伦
D·C·西弗曼
C·J·哈迪曼
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Abstract

依次具有金属层、非金属导电层和非导电层的抗腐蚀金属涂层。该非金属导电层包含在非导电基质中的固有导电聚合物(如聚苯胺或聚吡咯)。非导电基质的实例是无机基质如硅酸盐,热塑性聚合物基质如聚烯烃或乙烯聚合物,热固性聚合物基质如环氧树脂、聚氨酯或聚酰亚胺。优选的固有导电聚合物包括掺有磺酸的聚苯胺。含基质的固有导电聚合物最好是对金属具有高粘着力且对各种腐蚀环境(如酸、碱和盐环境)中的金属提供高的抗腐蚀性。

Description

抑制腐蚀的多层涂层
本发明涉及抗腐蚀金属涂层及利用在非导电基质中的固有导电聚合物的掺混物涂料提供所述涂层的方法。
发明背景
腐蚀是几乎所有暴露于氧化环境的金属物体存在的问题。腐蚀对汽车、轮船、飞机、重型机械和桥梁的影响尤其值得重视。腐蚀在道路建设、各种工业加工和医疗装置方面是一严重问题。在苛刻的环境条件下,例如暴露于酸、碱或盐的条件下,金属腐蚀尤为严重。抗腐蚀涂料如锌、环氧化物、焦油、聚合物和油漆通常用作金属物体暴露表面的粘着涂料,对环境侵蚀提供一屏障。虽然这类涂料可简单地包括聚合物组合物,但它们通常包括抑制腐蚀的重金属或有毒的有机化合物以增强抗腐蚀性。其它各种抑制腐蚀的组合物和物质公开于美国专利5,152,929、4,81 8,777、5,098,938、5,021,489和5,183,842中。
然而,抑制腐蚀的涂料应用于金属物体并没有完全解决腐蚀问题,因为大多数涂层易龟裂、缺口或划伤,从而使金属裸露于腐蚀环境中。即使涂层中针孔不连续存在也能破坏涂层的抗腐蚀功能。在这方面,因为腐蚀因素的影响集中于暴露点,所以在各分离的局部由于缺口或划伤而使腐蚀的影响特别严重。因此,常规的抑制腐蚀的组合物在提供金属物体抗腐蚀方面并不完全令人满意。
固有导电聚合物(ICP),即具有多共轭π电子体系的有机聚合物,已被建议作为有效抑制金属腐蚀的组合物。但由于ICP的难加工性,所以至今还认为这样的聚合物作为防腐涂料是不适合的。即ICP缺乏可用作金属物体防腐涂料所必要的性质,例如内聚力、粘合力、加工性和稳定性。其他人试图通过改良ICP或将ICP与其它聚合物混合来改善ICP的性质。例如美国专利No.5,109,070公开了磺化的ICP;欧洲专利申请No.0497514公开了ICP和热塑聚合物的掺混物;美国专利5,160,457公开了粘稠的聚苯胺和一种或多种热塑的、可溶液加工的或热固性聚合物的组合物;及美国专利No4,983,690公开了聚苯胺和双马来酰亚胺热固性材料的掺混物。尽管对ICP和含ICP的体系进行了广泛的研究,但利用ICP的可行的防腐体系仍未实现。
发明概要
因此,本发明涉及抑制腐蚀的新组合物、用抑制腐蚀的组合物涂层后腐蚀受到抑制的金属表面及使金属物体抗腐蚀的方法。另一方面,用于金属表面抑制腐蚀的两组分涂层包括ICP和非传导粘合基质掺混物的导电中间涂层及非导电外层涂层。
本发明涂料组合物的许多优点之一是提供防腐保护能力,即使是在涂层中存在缺口,暴露出下面的金属表面的情况下也是如此。另一优点是本发明涂料组合物无论涂覆在金属层的暴露面还是背面,均可提供抑制腐蚀的性质。优选实例的详细描述
本发明公开:通过依次提供非金属导电涂层和非导电涂层,可使暴露于腐蚀环境中的金属表面或物体达到防腐目的。所述非金属导电涂层包括ICP在粘着于金属表面的非导电基质如无机基质、热固树脂基质或热塑聚合物基质中的掺混物。该非金属导电涂层进一步的特征是表面电阻小于1千兆欧/方(square),例如不大于1兆欧/方,优选小于50千欧/方,更优选小于1千欧/方,例如10-500欧/方。所述非导电涂层可以是陶瓷、热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物。该非导电涂层基本不含ICP,其表面电阻率至少是导电涂层表面电阻率的100倍,通常至少为约1千兆欧/方。
令人惊奇的是:甚至当涂层部分已从金属表面脱落,例如通过划伤或针孔使金属裸露时,所述两层涂层仍继续使金属表面或物体具有抑制腐蚀的性质。常规的防腐涂料并不能对没有涂层或涂层已损伤而使金属裸露于环境中的金属部分提供保护。优选将ICP和非导电基质配制成能通过喷涂、刷涂等方式直接涂在金属表面上的掺混物。于是,尽管有人已建议ICP由于其固有的导电性质而可作为有效的抑制腐蚀的组合物,但在这些组合物的实际应用中仍有问题,因为固有的导电聚合物难加工的性质并且不能充分地粘着在于金属表面上。现在已发现利用与粘合剂混合的固有导电聚合物的可实际应用的组合物即可克服上述问题。
业已惊奇地发现本发明涂料即使在强碱环境也能提供抗腐蚀作用,尽管碱性环境倾向于使ICP去质子化,这表明丧失抑制腐蚀的性质。这一惊人的发现向涂料工业提供了可用于几乎任何环境的抑制腐蚀的组合物,并消除了不同应用环境使用不同涂料的要求。此外,还发现本发明的涂料即使涂在薄金属膜,例如沉积于ICP和非导电基质混合物底层上的约25微米厚金属层的背面上也能提供抑制腐蚀的性质。同样,含ICP的涂层也可用作一对薄金属表面之间的中间层而提供防腐蚀保护。因此,本发明抑制腐蚀的组合物并不必是欲保护的金属外表面涂层。
本发明涂料组合物具有广泛的工业实用性,可在汽车、飞机和轮船工业作为防腐底漆或表面涂料,在桥梁和道路建设工业作为桥梁上裸露钢材的涂料或作为加强材料如钢筋的涂料,在建筑工业作为结构钢材的涂料,在化学和工业制造业作为金属机械、容器、腔室等的涂料,并可在医疗领域作为接触皮肤的电极等的保护性涂料。本发明组合物也适宜于金属化纺织工业中作各种用途。
相信本发明实际上可用任何ICP。本文中“ICP”意指能够通过聚合物的至少一个价态传导电流的任何固有导电聚合物。通常,ICP是具有多共轭π电子体系的有机聚合物。用于本发明的适宜ICP的实例包括聚苯胺,聚吡咯,聚噻吩,聚(3-烷基噻吩)如聚(3-辛基噻吩),聚异硫茚,聚(3-噻吩基甲基乙酸酯),聚二乙炔,聚乙炔,聚喹啉,聚亚杂芳基亚乙烯(其中亚杂芳基可以是噻吩、呋喃或吡咯),聚(3-噻吩乙基乙酸酯)等,及它们的衍生物、共聚物和混合物。某些ICP自然地呈现导电性质,而另一些则必须通过掺杂或使其带电至适宜的价态。ICP通常存在各种价态且通过电化学反应能够可逆地转变成各种价态。例如,聚苯胺可存在各种价态,如还原态(无色翠绿亚胺)、部分氧化态(翠绿亚胺)和全氧化态(过苯胺黑)。聚苯胺在翠绿亚胺形式(+2电子)是最具导电性的。在聚本胺中掺入适当的物料可形成该部分氧化态的聚苯胺,从而提高该聚合物的导电性。适宜的聚苯胺掺杂物包括四氰基乙烯(TCNE)、硝酸锌、对甲苯磺酸(PTSA)或任何适宜的无机或有机酸。优选的掺杂物包括萘磺酸,如二壬基萘磺酸和二壬基萘二磺酸。应注意到本发明选用的ICP在其与基质掺混前或在金属表面或物体涂层之前既可以是有掺杂物的形式,也可以是无掺杂物的形式。如果以无掺杂物的形式涂层,非导电聚合物可以通过加入掺杂物或经过类似处理,获得必要的和适当的ICP导电性,使其能够将其抗腐蚀性质赋与金属表面或物体。在优选实例中,ICP是掺杂的聚苯胺、聚吡咯或聚(3-甲基噻吩)。最优选的ICP是掺入磺酸的聚苯胺。
为了使本发明涂层中的非金属导电层具有适宜的金属粘着性,已发现可将ICP与非导电基质混合而又不会影响ICP抑制腐蚀的性质。如前所述,大多数ICP,尤其是聚苯胺都没有可让其直接用作金属表面涂料的可接受的金属粘着性。纯净的ICP易于迅速而容易地与其涂层的金属表面分层。可选择非导电基质,使其能够直接在金属表面或物体上涂层且对金属表面具有足够的粘着力,因此而在标准的粘着试验(如ASTM标准方法D3359)中不致于脱落或剥层。该粘着试验通常包括在涂层上划一个“X”或一系列十字形切口以使金属裸露出来;将粘胶带贴于切口部位,撕下该粘胶带,并观察是否有涂层脱落,将脱落的涂层量与ASTM3359粘着试验或涂料工业接受的其它粘着试验的标准分类表比较。可使掺混物达到必要的粘合性并可与ICP掺混合的任何粘合剂均可用于本发明。
非导电基质可以是能转变成固态粘着层的任何物质,所述固态粘着层粘结在金属表面上并提供可使ICP溶解或以分散或连续相形式分散于其中的基质。所述基质可包括无机材料,如硅酸盐、锆酸盐或钛酸盐。该基质还可包括有机聚合物,例如热塑性或热固性聚合树脂。热塑性树脂的实例包括烯类聚合物如聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸丁酯、聚氯乙烯丙烯酸乙烯酯等;聚烯烃,如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;聚碳酸酯;聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;聚酰胺类,如尼龙-6或尼龙-6,6;接枝共聚物,如ABS;及热塑性高弹体,包括聚丙烯和EPDM橡胶的动力学硫化掺混物。就许多抗腐蚀应用而言,基质优选是热固性有机树脂,如紫胶、桐油、酚醛树脂、醇酸树脂、氨基塑料树脂、乙烯基醇酸树脂、环氧醇酸树脂、硅酮醇酸树脂、脲醇酸树脂、环氧树脂、煤焦油环氧树脂、氨基甲酸-乙酯树脂、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、(聚)硅氧烷、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸树脂、酚醛树脂、环氧酚醛树脂、乙烯基树脂、聚酰亚胺、不饱和烯烃树脂、氟化烯烃树脂、可交联的苯乙烯树脂、可交联的聚酰胺树脂、橡胶前体、高弹前体、离聚物前体、及上述物质的混合物、衍生物和其与交联剂的混合物。在本发明优选实例中,基质是可交联的聚合物如环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯、硅酮、酚醛树脂或环氧酚醛树脂等。可交联树脂实例包括脂肪胺处理的环氧树脂、聚酰胺环氧树脂、聚胺与环氧树脂的加成物、酮亚胺环氧树脂涂料、芳胺处理的环氧树脂、硅酮修饰的环氧树脂、环氧酚醛树脂涂料、环氧氨基甲酸乙酯涂料、煤焦油环氧树脂、油修饰的聚氨酯、水处理的聚氨酯、封端的氨基甲酸乙酯、两组分聚氨酯、脂肪族异氰酸酯处理的聚氨酯、聚乙烯缩醛等、离聚物、氟化烯烃树脂、所述树脂的混合物、所述树脂的碱或酸性水分散液、所述树脂的水乳化液等。其它适宜的非导电基质描述于“Corrosion Prevention by Protective Coatings”,Charles G.Munger(National Association of Corrosion Engineers 1984)中。基质可以是水基的或溶剂基的,并且可包括其它抑制腐蚀的组合物,见美国专利5,152,929、4,818,777、5,098,938和5,183,842所述。
可制备基质后将其与ICP掺混;或者与ICP组合,并按需要进行处理或反应。采用可交联的基质时,可以在交联步骤之前或同时加入ICP。在这种方式中,可产生一种涂料组合物,其中ICP与可交联的基质交联。
特别适合于本发明的可交联基质包括两组分的可交联聚氨酯和环氧树脂体系,以及通过在丁醇中加入磷酸而得以交联的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛体系。通过将异氰酸酯与含羟基的化合物反应通常可制备聚氨酯涂料,含羟基的化合物的例子是水、无水油醇解制得的单和二甘酯、聚酯、聚醚、环氧树脂等。通过胺与环氧化物反应通常可制得环氧涂料,如双酚A与表氯醇反应得环氧化物,然后将其与胺反应。有用的掺混合方法包括在非导电基质聚合物溶液如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的乙醇溶液中聚合聚苯胺,然后在丁醇中将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/聚苯胺混合物与磷酸反应。环氧树脂或聚氨酯用作非导电基质聚合物时,可以配制聚苯胺和基质聚合物的掺混物,以致于在涂料涂层前夕即刻加入交联催化剂。在另一实例中,可加入ICP并将其与交联剂混合。
欲用本发明抑制腐蚀的组合物涂层的金属表面或物体实际上可以是任何易受腐蚀的金属。因此,几乎所有金属和金属合金可使用本发明涂料,包括银、铝、铁、镍、铜、锌、钴、铅、铁基合金如钢、钽、钛、锆、铌、铬等,及它们的合金。正如下文将要更详细讨论的那样,金属表面或物体实际上可以以任何形状或形式提供,包括通过喷射沉积或类似方法已沉积在非金属底层上的金属薄膜。
在制备ICP和非导电基质的掺混物时,各组分应以能维持基质的性质如金属表面粘着力,同时保持ICP的导电性而使该掺混物能提供抗腐蚀性质的比例混合。混合物中ICP的量可以是0.1-80%(体积),优选含有1-50%(体积)。应注意到具体的应用可能要求掺混物中ICP和基质达到特殊的比例。掺混物各组合的最佳相对比例取决于应用的具体组分、待涂层的底物和将涂料涂在底物上所采用的具体工艺。还应注意到ICP可以以纯净的或以其在适宜溶剂(通常为有机溶剂)中的分散体形式提供。特别是聚苯胺,可以溶于大多数有机溶剂中,如1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)。本文所用“掺混物”一词包括:其中两成分间没有化学反应的ICP和基质的掺混物,以及其中ICP和基质间有化学反应的结合物。在这一点上,ICP和基质的“掺混物”包括形成ICP和基质相互渗透的网状物的结合物、及该两种组分的乳化液和分散液。另外,ICP可以以有掺杂物的状态或无掺杂物但随后加入掺杂物而使其达到所期望的导电状态提供。
在本发明的一个具体实例中,提供了供金属表面的两组分抑制腐蚀的涂料,其中金属物体或表面被涂覆含有上述ICP和非导电基质的混合物的第一层。该掺混物刷涂或喷涂在金属表面或物体上,从而在金属表面或物体上形成掺混物涂料薄层。该涂层厚度优选为约2-120微米,更优选为约25-50微米。非导电外层对含ICP层提供物理保护。外层可与含ICP层的基质相同或不同,例如为无机涂料如硅酸盐、热塑性聚合物如聚乙烯、或热固性聚合物如环氧树脂。在许多应用中,外层包括常规抑制腐蚀的阻档材料,如环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂或清漆。在许多情况下,外层还包括含色素抛光层,以使物体获得所期望的美学特征。
ICP及其与基质的掺混物对于暴露的金属表面作为底层的腐蚀抑制剂也是实用的,即使应用于金属的非暴露表面时也是如此。这特别适合于沉积在非金属底物上的金属薄膜。在这一点上,本发明方法可应用于任何常规底物,包括三维物体、板、纺织品和纤维制品。更具体地讲,非金属底物,如尼龙、聚酯或聚芳酰胺的纤维或膜制品均可按本发明应用。含ICP的基质在金属(如铜、镍或钴)层的无电解沉积前在作为催化剂/载体聚合物膜一部分的非导电底物上也可用含ICP的基质涂层。如美国专利4,910,072和5,082,734中描述的无电解沉积方法适合于使用本发明的含ICP的掺混物作为催化剂(通常是钯)化合物的载体聚合物。虽然这样的薄金属膜的非暴露表面与含ICP的基质密切接触,但其相对的暴露的金属表面却呈现出高防腐性。
下面的实施例描述本发明的优选实例。对于专业人员而言,从本文公开的说明书内容或本发明实践,可以看出在权利要求书范围内还可有实例。应注意到说明书及实施例只是举例说明,而本发明的范围和精神由实施例后的权利要求书来界定。在下面的实施例中,除另有指明外,所有百分数为体积百分数。实施例1
下述实施例解释由本发明的两组分涂料组合在酸性环境中提供的腐蚀保护。
C1018钢样片经喷沙,于氯仿超声浴中除油垢后用聚苯胺和聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯)在丁内酯中的分散液(分散液34820-W5,AmerichemInc.)刷涂。涂层的钢样片空气干燥3小时后于空气对流炉中于60℃加热1小时。按制造商的指示涂覆环氧树脂外层(Carboline 890,Carboline公司制造)。该涂层在室温下空气干燥后置于60℃空气中保持12小时。该钢样片再用另外的环氧树脂涂覆并在60℃下再干燥24小时,得到本发明涂层钢样片,其中包括钢片、环氧树脂和聚苯胺掺混物的中间涂层及环氧树脂外涂层。对照钢样片是(a)未涂层的,(b)只用环氧树脂涂层的,(c)只用聚苯胺分散液涂层的。在涂层上划1cm×1cm的十字,裸露出金属以刺激划伤部位。
将本发明的钢/聚苯胺-环氧树脂/环氧树脂薄层钢样片和对照钢样片浸入通气的酸浴中2周,即0.1M盐酸溶液,pH1.06,35℃。在两周结束时,钢/聚苯胺-环氧树脂/环氧树脂薄层钢样片没有腐蚀或涂层脱落。另一方面,对照钢样片呈现出各种阶段的腐蚀。仅用环氧树脂涂料涂层的钢样片出现涂层脱层并出现全面腐蚀。仅用聚苯胺分散液涂层的钢样片出现涂层起泡并且泡点下面出现腐蚀,而且有其它面积的腐蚀,防腐性不均匀。未涂层的钢样片在整个钢片上出现大面积严重腐蚀。实施例2
本实例解释本发明两组分涂料组合物在高盐环境中抑制腐蚀的性质。
按实施例1制备C1018钢样片并浸入通气的盐浴中两周,即3.5%(重量)氯化钠水溶液,pH5.33,35℃。钢/聚苯胺-环氧树脂/环氧树脂薄层钢样片出现一些很小的腐蚀点并在划痕部位有脱落。但总体上讲是防止了腐蚀。环氧树脂涂层的钢样片出现涂层起泡和划痕部位腐蚀,同时划痕部位涂层脱落。聚苯胺涂层的钢样片出现涂层起泡并且起泡点下面出现腐蚀。未涂层的钢样片出现大面积严重腐蚀。实施例3
本实施例解释本发明两组分涂料在强碱环境中抑制腐蚀的性质。
按实施例1所述制备C1018钢样片并浸入碱性盐浴中两周,即3.5%(重量)氯化钠和0.1%(重量)氢氧化钠的水溶液,pH12.38,35℃。钢/聚苯胺-环氧树脂/环氧树脂薄层钢样片未出现腐蚀或未受到腐蚀。环氧树脂涂层的钢样片出现起泡并且泡点下面出现腐蚀、沿划痕有涂层脱落和划痕附近有凹陷。聚苯胺涂层的钢样片出现涂层起泡并且泡点下面出现腐蚀。未涂层的钢样片除了其它的局部腐蚀外还出现由局部腐蚀引起的大片凹陷。实施例4
本实施例解释应用含ICP的涂层作为薄金属膜底层以使其具有防腐性质。
在蒸馏水中煮沸30分钟而使磺化的全氟化聚合物(Nafion 117)膜水合。将其切成条后浸入10%(重量)三氯化铁水溶液中。用蒸馏水冲洗该水合的聚合物条并空气干燥。聚几条水合的聚合物条放入含吡咯的玻璃广口瓶中。该含铁聚合物条由黄变兰色再变黑,表明聚吡咯形成。用蒸馏水冲洗含聚吡咯的聚合物条并室温下空气干燥。将一定数目的含聚吡咯的聚合物条和水合的聚合物条在醋酸钯溶液(0.6g溶于10ml水中)浸没几分钟,通过离子交换使钯离子进入聚合物。然后应用常规的铜无电解沉积浴,无电解地将铜镀在聚合物片上。
样品A是含有聚吡咯和钯及无电解沉积铜表面层的磺化全氟化聚合物条,明亮的铜迅速沉积在样品A上。
样品B是含有钯但没有聚吡咯的水合磺化全氟化聚合物条,铜非均匀地迅速沉积于样品B上。
将两个样品暴露于环境空气中24小时,样品A保持其明亮度,而样品B的外观变阴暗。这说明即使作为金属膜的背面层涂层,本发明含ICP的涂料也能够用作抑制腐蚀的组合物。实施例5
本实施例解释与基质掺混的ICP作为抑制腐蚀的涂料在汽车上的应用。
1992年11月,用掺入对甲苯磺酸的聚苯胺在Carboline 890环氧树脂中的掺混物在轻型卡车中油漆已脱落而裸露出金属的部分外表面上涂层。掺混物短时间干燥后,部分掺混物涂层上再涂覆环氧树脂外层(Carboline 890)。涂层干燥之后在其上划线。自从本发明掺混物涂层之后,该货车一直在大范围的温度和环境条件下正常使用,18个月后货车的该部分没有出现任何腐蚀。实施例6
本实施例解释掺入各种粘合剂的聚苯胺的兼容性。
将4g Carbozinc 11基料(无机硅酸盐基料,Carboline公司制造)与1g versicon掺有对甲苯磺酸的聚苯胺(Allied Signdl公司)混合。加入2g溶剂以达到适合于浸涂的粘性。将两个碳钢样片和两块显微镜盖玻片浸涂并在室温下空气干燥。然后在空气对流炉中空气干燥过夜。测定在显微镜盖玻片上的涂层电阻是4千欧/方(KΩ/□)。
将5g聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/g-丁内酯溶液与8.6g Americhem W5聚苯胺溶液混合,并用约7g-丁内酯稀释。用搅拌棒在显微镜盖玻片上制成薄膜,干燥过夜后,测定玻片上涂层的电阻是约90KΩ/□。单独的聚苯胺膜的电阻为约20KΩ/□。
将40mg掺有对甲苯横酸的聚苯胺分散于2.8g液体聚氨酯(Minwax Company,Inc.Montvale,NJ)中。分散的聚苯胺仍呈绿色,表明即使在聚氨酯存在下仍质子化。将该分散液涂覆到显微镜盖玻片和钢样片上,并干燥过夜。在钢样片上形成透明的聚氨酯涂层。
将13g Americhem W5聚苯胺与5g G.E.Silcone 994 Varnish掺混合。掺混的聚苯胺由其绿色证明其仍保持质子化状态。测得涂于显微镜盖玻片上的掺混物薄膜的电阻为40KΩ/□。干燥过夜后得到柔韧薄膜,对玻片几乎无或完全没有粘着性。将同一溶液涂于钢样片上,空气干燥后得到平滑的绿色涂层,它粘结在钢片上。
从上述的事实中可以看出实现了本发明的几个优点,且获得了其它的优点。由于在上述方法和组合物中可进行各种变化而又不会偏离本发明范围,所以说明书中包括的所有描述都是解释性的并非限制性的。

Claims (11)

1.抗腐蚀金属涂层,其中依次具有金属层、非金属导电层和非导电层。
2.权利要求1的涂层,其中所述非金属导电层由固有导电聚合物在非导电基质中的掺混物构成。
3.权利要求2的涂层,其中所述非导电层是陶瓷、热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物。
4.权利要求3的涂层,其中所述的非导电基质是无机基质、热固性有机树脂或热塑性有机树脂。
5.权利要求4的涂层,其中所述的非导电基质是选自环氧树脂和聚氨酯树脂的热固性有机树脂。
6.权利要求5的涂层,其中所述的固有导电聚合物是掺入酸的聚苯胺。
7.权利要求6的涂层,其中所述的导电的非金属层包含0.1-80%(体积)的所述聚苯胺和99.9-20%(体积)的所述热固性有机树脂。
8.权利要求4的涂层,其中所述的非导电基质是包含氯乙烯/乙酸酯共聚物或聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯的热塑性有机树脂。
9.权利要求1的涂层,其中所述金属层是钢。
10.阻止易受腐蚀的金属表面受腐蚀的方法,其中包括:
在金属片的任一面或在金属物体的表面上,提供包含固有导电聚合物在非导电基质中的掺混物的第一涂层;和
在所述的第一涂层上提供非导电物质。
11.金属表面上抑制腐蚀的两组分涂层体系,其中包含:
含有固有导电聚合物和非导电粘合基质的掺混物的导电中间涂层;和
非导电的外涂层。
CN94192848.9A 1993-07-23 1994-07-22 抑制金属腐蚀的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1191132C (zh)

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EP0712336B1 (en) 1998-03-18
CA2167846A1 (en) 1995-02-02
EP0712336A1 (en) 1996-05-22
US6015613A (en) 2000-01-18
JP3233639B2 (ja) 2001-11-26
US5532025A (en) 1996-07-02
CA2167846C (en) 2003-06-17
CN1191132C (zh) 2005-03-02
AU7550294A (en) 1995-02-20
JPH09500837A (ja) 1997-01-28
DE69409117D1 (de) 1998-04-23
ES2114217T3 (es) 1998-05-16
ATE164097T1 (de) 1998-04-15
DE69409117T2 (de) 1998-10-15
WO1995003136A1 (en) 1995-02-02
AU689796B2 (en) 1998-04-09
KR0182859B1 (en) 1999-04-15
DK0712336T3 (da) 1998-10-19

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