CN112352616A - Organic tea garden cultivation and protection method - Google Patents
Organic tea garden cultivation and protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112352616A CN112352616A CN202011063129.9A CN202011063129A CN112352616A CN 112352616 A CN112352616 A CN 112352616A CN 202011063129 A CN202011063129 A CN 202011063129A CN 112352616 A CN112352616 A CN 112352616A
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- 235000020567 organic tea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 124
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010110 Astragalus glycyphyllos Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000219873 Vicia Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010726 Vigna sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003016 pheromone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000037488 Coccoloba pubescens Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000010721 Vigna radiata var radiata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011469 Vigna radiata var sublobata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001417 Vigna umbellata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011453 Vigna umbellata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 244000042314 Vigna unguiculata Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 abstract 7
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 9
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden, which comprises the following steps: tea garden planning, tea tree planting, tea garden management and tea picking, wherein the tea tree planting adopts tea garden intercropping, the coverage of crown of the young tea garden is small, the yield is low, the tea garden intercropping can be carried out in order to fully utilize the environmental conditions, the purposes of short cultivation, long growth, investment reduction and income increase are realized, and the method is also the best way for solving the contradiction between grain and agriculture and self-sufficiency of fertilizers. Leguminous crops and green manure are interplanted in spring, and green manure is planted in autumn and winter. When the planting furrows are excavated, the animal wastes and cake fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, so that the pollution is avoided, and the green organic tea is produced. The cultivation and production of the organic pollution-free tea can be realized by the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic tea garden cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden.
Background
China is the biggest tea planting and consuming country in the world, and the area of a tea garden, the tea yield and the tea consumption are ranked first in the world. Because the tea is deeply loved by consumers in China, and the tea planting farmers have a large number and wide distribution range, the tea in each place has unique regional characteristics. The tea is not only a necessity of Chinese people's life, but also can be used as medicine or drunk as it has rich nutrient components and high pharmacological health care effect, and contains rich tea culture of the oriental traditional culture and the modern culture in the custom of tea making, tea making and tea drinking, so that the Chinese people have unique tea feelings. The tea is popular with the world people due to the characteristics of nature, nutrition and health care, and becomes one of the most popular drinks for the world people.
Along with the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the variety and the efficacy of tea are more and more, the requirements of people on the diversification, health care and pollution-free of tea are increasingly strong, especially, the safety standard of people on tea is increasingly emphasized, no tea with good quality exists in the market, the production and management method of organic pollution-free tea is important, and a set of systematically and effectively comprehensive management and control method aiming at organic tea garden cultivation is not available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden, which can effectively solve the above problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden comprises the following steps:
tea garden planning
(1) Garden selection: selecting a remote mountain area which is far away from cities, factories, highways and residential areas, is rich in surrounding vegetation, rich in biological diversity and good in ecological environment as a planting field, selecting a land with a gradient of 5-10 ℃ and a soil pH value of 4.8-5.8 as a garden field, testing atmosphere, water and soil in the garden field to ensure that the garden field meets the requirements of an organic tea garden, weeding and deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and establishing an isolation zone around the garden field;
(2) excavating planting ditches, namely excavating planting ditches with the depth of 40-50 cm and the width of 50-60 cm according to tea rows, respectively stacking surface soil and core soil during ditching to backfill the bottom of the ditches and the surface of the core soil, applying 1000 kilograms of cake fertilizer or 3000 kilograms of animal manure per mu, and then backfilling and leveling the planting ditches for planting;
(II) tea tree planting
1. Selecting improved clonal tea tree varieties, matching different varieties according to the proportions of early varieties, middle varieties and late varieties in the germination period, and adopting a double-row single-plant planting mode with a large row spacing of 1.2m, a small row spacing of 0.33m and a plant spacing of 0.15 m;
2. intercropping and interplanting in a tea garden: leguminous crops and green manure are interplanted in spring, and the green manure is planted in autumn and winter;
tea garden management
1. Watering: according to the principle of 'see dry see wet' in the field, watering is carried out properly, and the tea seedling is watered frequently and rarely, so that the requirement for growth of the tea seedling is met; and (5) not fully irrigating and fully irrigating. Under the condition of water pouring, enough water is poured for 1 time every 10 days;
2. trimming: the tea production period is from the middle and last ten days of 3 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, and after the spring tea is finished, the tea garden is pruned in time; pruning branches and leaves at the upper part 30-40 cm away from the ground to return to the garden, covering the branches and leaves among tea rows, and keeping the branches and leaves in the garden and keeping the tea leaves in summer and autumn;
3. and (3) pest control: the insecticidal lamps are arranged at equal intervals in the tea garden range, and are used for trapping insects (physical prevention and control); artificially introducing insects which can prey on pests, artificially purchasing living bodies or insect eggs, and matching with corresponding pheromone to attract wild beneficial insects (biological control); the state of the tea plant is checked manually and periodically;
(IV) tea leaf picking
Harvesting and culturing are combined, when 10-15% of new shoots on the tea tent in spring and 10 +/-2% of new shoots in summer and autumn meet the harvesting standard, harvesting is carried out in batches in time, the pair of leaves which are easily formed in the season is harvested in summer, and the tea season is sealed before the late 11 months and before the solar term of frost fall.
Further, in the tea tree planting step 1, the early-growing variety proportion is 40 +/-2%, and the middle-growing and late-growing varieties are both 30 +/-2%.
Furthermore, the leguminous plants in the tea tree planting step 2 comprise peanuts, mung beans, red beans, cowpeas without supports and large-leaf swiss beans.
Further, the green manure in the tea tree planting step 2 comprises vetch, alfalfa, milk vetch and garden flowers.
Furthermore, in the tea garden management step 1, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation is adopted for watering.
Further, the insect killing lamp in the tea garden management step 3 adopts a frequency vibration type insect trapping lamp, and the insect trapping lamp is used for every 1.6hm21 piece was installed.
Further, the animal manure in step 2 in the tea garden planning is a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.
Furthermore, 40-50 parts of pig manure, 35-40 parts of cow manure, 30-50 parts of sheep manure and 10-20 parts of chicken manure.
Further, the cake fertilizer in the step 2 in the tea garden planning is a mixture of tung seed cake, rapeseed cake and bean cake.
Further, the cake fertilizer comprises 45-60 parts of tung seed cake, 30-50 parts of rapeseed cake and 40-65 parts of bean cake.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the invention adopts tea garden intercropping and interplanting, the crown coverage of the young tea garden is small, no yield exists, the tea garden intercropping can be carried out for fully utilizing the environmental conditions, the purposes of short cultivation, long growth, investment reduction and income increase are realized, and the invention is also the best way for solving the contradiction between grain and agriculture and self-sufficiency of fertilizer. Leguminous crops and green manure are interplanted in spring, and green manure is planted in autumn and winter. (2) When the planting furrows are excavated, the animal wastes and cake fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, so that the pollution is avoided, and the green organic tea is produced. (3) The pest in tea garden mainly adopts the physical mode prevention and cure, sets up the insecticidal lamp promptly, avoids spraying the pesticide and causes the pollution to tealeaves. (4) The cultivation and production of the organic pollution-free tea can be realized by the invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described by way of the following examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples and comparative groups:
example 1:
a cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
tea garden planning
(1) Garden selection: selecting a remote mountain area which is far away from cities, factories, highways and residential areas, is rich in surrounding vegetation, rich in biological diversity and good in ecological environment as a planting field, selecting a land with a gradient of 5-10 ℃ and a soil pH value of 4.8-5.8 as a garden field, testing atmosphere, water and soil in the garden field to ensure that the garden field meets the requirements of an organic tea garden, weeding and deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and establishing an isolation zone around the garden field;
(2) excavating planting ditches, namely excavating planting ditches with the depth of 40-50 cm and the width of 50-60 cm according to tea rows, respectively stacking surface soil and core soil during ditching to backfill the bottom of the ditches and the surface of the core soil, applying 1000 kilograms of cake fertilizer or 3000 kilograms of animal manure per mu, and then backfilling and leveling the planting ditches for planting; the animal manure is a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure, the pig manure is 40 parts, the cow manure is 40 parts, the sheep manure is 30 parts and the chicken manure is 20 parts, the cake fertilizer is a mixture of a tung seed cake, a rapeseed cake and a soybean cake, and the cake fertilizer comprises 45 parts of the tung seed cake, 50 parts of the rapeseed cake and 40 parts of the soybean cake.
(II) tea tree planting
1. Selecting improved clonal tea tree varieties, matching different varieties according to the proportions of early varieties, middle varieties and late varieties in the germination period, and adopting a double-row single-plant planting mode with a large row spacing of 1.2m, a small row spacing of 0.33m and a plant spacing of 0.15 m; the proportion of the early-maturing variety is 40 +/-2%, and the proportion of the middle-maturing variety and the proportion of the late-maturing variety are both 30 +/-2%.
2. Intercropping and interplanting in a tea garden: the crown coverage of the young tea garden is small, the yield is low, the tea garden interplanting can be carried out in order to fully utilize the environmental conditions, the purposes of short cultivation, long growth, investment reduction and income increase are achieved, and the method is also the best way for solving the contradiction between grain and agriculture and self-sufficiency of fertilizers. Leguminous crops and green manure are interplanted in spring, and green manure is planted in autumn and winter. Wherein the leguminous plant comprises semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, semen Phaseoli Radiati, semen Phaseoli, cowpea without support, and herba Cancriniae Lasiocarpae. The green manure comprises vetch, alfalfa, milk vetch and garden flower.
Tea garden management
1. And (5) watering. The construction of permanent hydraulic facilities is strengthened, and the watering requirement of the tea garden is ensured. The principle of 'see dry see wet' in the field is mastered, proper watering is carried out, and the tea seedling is watered frequently and seldom, so that the requirement of tea seedling growth is met. Full irrigation and thorough irrigation are not advocated. Under the condition of water irrigation, sufficient water is irrigated for 1 time every 10 days, and sprinkling irrigation is adopted;
2. trimming: the tea production period is from the middle and last ten days of 3 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, and after the spring tea is finished, the tea garden is pruned in time; pruning branches and leaves at the upper part 30-40 cm away from the ground to return to the garden, covering the branches and leaves among tea rows, and keeping the branches and leaves in the garden and keeping the tea leaves in summer and autumn;
3. and (3) pest control: the insecticidal lamps are arranged at equal intervals in the tea garden range, and are used for trapping insects (physical prevention and control); artificially introducing insects which can prey on pests, artificially purchasing living bodies or insect eggs, and matching with corresponding pheromone to attract wild beneficial insects (biological control); the state of the tea plant is checked manually and periodically; wherein the insect killing lamp adopts a frequency vibration type insect attracting lamp, and the frequency vibration type insect attracting lamp is used for every 1.6hm21 piece was installed.
(IV) tea leaf picking
Collecting and cultivating, wherein in spring, when 10-15% of new tips on the tea tent and 10 +/-2% of new tips in summer and autumn meet the collecting standard, the tea tent is mined in batches, leaves clamped easily in the tea tent are collected in summer, and the tea tent is sealed before 11 months later before the solar term of frost fall.
Example 2:
a cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
tea garden planning
(1) Garden selection: selecting a remote mountain area which is far away from cities, factories, highways and residential areas, is rich in surrounding vegetation, rich in biological diversity and good in ecological environment as a planting field, selecting a land with a gradient of 5-10 ℃ and a soil pH value of 4.8-5.8 as a garden field, testing atmosphere, water and soil in the garden field to ensure that the garden field meets the requirements of an organic tea garden, weeding and deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and establishing an isolation zone around the garden field;
(2) excavating planting ditches, namely excavating planting ditches with the depth of 40-50 cm and the width of 50-60 cm according to tea rows, respectively stacking surface soil and core soil during ditching to backfill the bottom of the ditches and the surface of the core soil, applying 1000 kilograms of cake fertilizer or 3000 kilograms of animal manure per mu, and then backfilling and leveling the planting ditches for planting; wherein the animal manure is a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure. And 50 parts of pig manure, 35 parts of cow manure, 50 parts of sheep manure and 10 parts of chicken manure. The cake fertilizer is a mixture of tung seed cakes, rapeseed cakes and bean cakes, and the cake fertilizer comprises 60 parts of tung seed cakes, 30 parts of rapeseed cakes and 65 parts of bean cakes.
(II) tea tree planting
1. Selecting improved clonal tea tree varieties, matching different varieties according to the proportions of early varieties, middle varieties and late varieties in the germination period, and adopting a double-row single-plant planting mode with a large row spacing of 1.2m, a small row spacing of 0.33m and a plant spacing of 0.15 m; the proportion of the early-maturing variety is 40 +/-2%, and the proportion of the middle-maturing variety and the proportion of the late-maturing variety are both 30 +/-2%.
2. Intercropping and interplanting in a tea garden: the crown coverage of the young tea garden is small, the yield is low, the tea garden interplanting can be carried out in order to fully utilize the environmental conditions, the purposes of short cultivation, long growth, investment reduction and income increase are achieved, and the method is also the best way for solving the contradiction between grain and agriculture and self-sufficiency of fertilizers. Leguminous crops and green manure are interplanted in spring, and green manure is planted in autumn and winter. Wherein the leguminous plant comprises semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, semen Phaseoli Radiati, semen Phaseoli, cowpea without support, and herba Cancriniae Lasiocarpae. The green manure comprises vetch, alfalfa, milk vetch and garden flower.
Tea garden management
1. And (5) watering. The construction of permanent hydraulic facilities is strengthened, and the watering requirement of the tea garden is ensured. The principle of 'see dry see wet' in the field is mastered, proper watering is carried out, and the tea seedling is watered frequently and seldom, so that the requirement of tea seedling growth is met. Full irrigation and thorough irrigation are not advocated. Under the condition of water irrigation, sufficient water is irrigated for 1 time every 10 days, and irrigation is adopted for watering;
2. trimming: the tea production period is from the middle and last ten days of 3 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, and after the spring tea is finished, the tea garden is pruned in time; pruning branches and leaves at the upper part 30-40 cm away from the ground to return to the garden, covering the branches and leaves among tea rows, and keeping the branches and leaves in the garden and keeping the tea leaves in summer and autumn;
3. and (3) pest control: the insecticidal lamps are arranged at equal intervals in the tea garden range, and are used for trapping insects (physical prevention and control); artificially introducing insects which can prey on pests, artificially purchasing living bodies or insect eggs, and matching with corresponding pheromone to attract wild beneficial insects (biological control); the state of the tea plant is checked manually and periodically; the insect killing lamp adopts a frequency vibration type insect trapping lamp, and each 1.6hm21 piece was installed.
(IV) tea leaf picking
Collecting and cultivating, wherein in spring, when 10-15% of new tips on the tea tent and 10 +/-2% of new tips in summer and autumn meet the collecting standard, the tea tent is mined in batches, leaves clamped easily in the tea tent are collected in summer, and the tea tent is sealed before 11 months later before the solar term of frost fall.
Example 3:
a cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
tea garden planning
(1) Garden selection: selecting a remote mountain area which is far away from cities, factories, highways and residential areas, is rich in surrounding vegetation, rich in biological diversity and good in ecological environment as a planting field, selecting a land with a gradient of 5-10 ℃ and a soil pH value of 4.8-5.8 as a garden field, testing atmosphere, water and soil in the garden field to ensure that the garden field meets the requirements of an organic tea garden, weeding and deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and establishing an isolation zone around the garden field;
(2) excavating planting ditches, namely excavating planting ditches with the depth of 40-50 cm and the width of 50-60 cm according to tea rows, respectively stacking surface soil and core soil during ditching to backfill the bottom of the ditches and the surface of the core soil, applying 1000 kilograms of cake fertilizer or 3000 kilograms of animal manure per mu, and then backfilling and leveling the planting ditches for planting; the animal manure is a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure, the pig manure is 45 parts, the cow manure is 38 parts, the sheep manure is 40 parts and the chicken manure is 15 parts, the cake fertilizer is a mixture of a tung cake, a rapeseed cake and a soybean cake, and the cake fertilizer comprises 52 parts of the tung cake, 40 parts of the rapeseed cake and 50 parts of the soybean cake.
(II) tea tree planting
1. Selecting improved clonal tea tree varieties, matching different varieties according to the proportions of early varieties, middle varieties and late varieties in the germination period, and adopting a double-row single-plant planting mode with a large row spacing of 1.2m, a small row spacing of 0.33m and a plant spacing of 0.15 m; the proportion of the early-maturing variety is 40 +/-2%, and the proportion of the middle-maturing variety and the proportion of the late-maturing variety are both 30 +/-2%.
2. Intercropping and interplanting in a tea garden: the crown coverage of the young tea garden is small, the yield is low, the tea garden interplanting can be carried out in order to fully utilize the environmental conditions, the purposes of short cultivation, long growth, investment reduction and income increase are achieved, and the method is also the best way for solving the contradiction between grain and agriculture and self-sufficiency of fertilizers. Leguminous crops and green manure are interplanted in spring, and green manure is planted in autumn and winter. Wherein the leguminous plant comprises semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, semen Phaseoli Radiati, semen Phaseoli, cowpea without support, and herba Cancriniae Lasiocarpae. The green manure comprises vetch, alfalfa, milk vetch and garden flower.
Tea garden management
1. And (5) watering. The construction of permanent hydraulic facilities is strengthened, and the watering requirement of the tea garden is ensured. The principle of 'see dry see wet' in the field is mastered, proper watering is carried out, and the tea seedling is watered frequently and seldom, so that the requirement of tea seedling growth is met. Full irrigation and thorough irrigation are not advocated. Under the condition of water irrigation, sufficient water is irrigated for 1 time every 10 days, and sprinkling irrigation is adopted;
2. trimming: the tea production period is from the middle and last ten days of 3 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, and after the spring tea is finished, the tea garden is pruned in time; pruning branches and leaves at the upper part 30-40 cm away from the ground to return to the garden, covering the branches and leaves among tea rows, and keeping the branches and leaves in the garden and keeping the tea leaves in summer and autumn;
3. and (3) pest control: the insecticidal lamps are arranged at equal intervals in the tea garden range, and are used for trapping insects (physical prevention and control); artificially introducing insects which can prey on pests, artificially purchasing living bodies or insect eggs, and matching with corresponding pheromone to attract wild beneficial insects (biological control); the state of the tea plant is checked manually and periodically; wherein the insect killing lamp adopts a frequency vibration type insect attracting lamp, and the frequency vibration type insect attracting lamp is used for every 1.6hm21 piece was installed.
(IV) tea leaf picking
Collecting and cultivating, wherein in spring, when 10-15% of new tips on the tea tent and 10 +/-2% of new tips in summer and autumn meet the collecting standard, the tea tent is mined in batches, leaves clamped easily in the tea tent are collected in summer, and the tea tent is sealed before 11 months later before the solar term of frost fall.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the scope of the application of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation and protection method for an organic tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
tea garden planning
(1) Garden selection: selecting a remote mountain area which is far away from cities, factories, highways and residential areas, is rich in surrounding vegetation, rich in biological diversity and good in ecological environment as a planting field, selecting a land with a gradient of 5-10 ℃ and a soil pH value of 4.8-5.8 as a garden field, testing atmosphere, water and soil in the garden field to ensure that the garden field meets the requirements of an organic tea garden, weeding and deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and establishing an isolation zone around the garden field;
(2) excavating planting ditches, namely excavating planting ditches with the depth of 40-50 cm and the width of 50-60 cm according to tea rows, respectively stacking surface soil and core soil during ditching to backfill the bottom of the ditches and the surface of the core soil, applying 1000 kilograms of cake fertilizer or 3000 kilograms of animal manure per mu, and then backfilling and leveling the planting ditches for planting;
(II) tea tree planting
1. Selecting improved clonal tea tree varieties, matching different varieties according to the proportions of early varieties, middle varieties and late varieties in the germination period, and adopting a double-row single-plant planting mode with a large row spacing of 1.2m, a small row spacing of 0.33m and a plant spacing of 0.15 m;
2. intercropping and interplanting in a tea garden: leguminous crops and green manure are interplanted in spring, and the green manure is planted in autumn and winter;
tea garden management
1. Watering: according to the principle of 'see dry see wet' in the field, watering is carried out properly, and the tea seedling is watered frequently and rarely, so that the requirement for growth of the tea seedling is met; the irrigation is not fully performed, the water is fully poured for 1 time every 10 days under the condition of water pouring;
2. trimming: the tea production period is from the middle and last ten days of 3 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, and after the spring tea is finished, the tea garden is pruned in time; pruning branches and leaves at the upper part 30-40 cm away from the ground to return to the garden, covering the branches and leaves among tea rows, and keeping the branches and leaves in the garden and keeping the tea leaves in summer and autumn;
3. and (3) pest control: the insecticidal lamps are arranged at equal intervals in the tea garden range, and are used for trapping insects (physical prevention and control); artificially introducing insects which can prey on pests, artificially purchasing living bodies or insect eggs, and matching with corresponding pheromone to attract wild beneficial insects (biological control); the state of the tea plant is checked manually and periodically;
(IV) tea leaf picking
Harvesting and culturing are combined, when 10-15% of new shoots on the tea tent in spring and 10 +/-2% of new shoots in summer and autumn meet the harvesting standard, harvesting is carried out in batches in time, the pair of leaves which are easily formed in the season is harvested in summer, and the tea season is sealed before the late 11 months and before the solar term of frost fall.
2. The cultivation and protection method for the organic tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the tea tree planting step 1, the early-growing variety proportion is 40 +/-2%, and the middle-growing and late-growing varieties are both 30 +/-2%.
3. The cultivation and protection method for the organic tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the leguminous plants in the tea tree planting step 2 comprise peanuts, mung beans, red beans, cowpeas without supports and large-leaf swiss beans.
4. The cultivation and protection method for the organic tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the green manure in the tea tree planting step 2 comprises vetch, alfalfa, milk vetch and garden flowers.
5. The cultivation and protection method for the organic tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the tea garden management step 1, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation is adopted for watering.
6. The cultivation and protection method for the organic tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the insect killing lamp in the tea garden management step 3 is a frequency vibration type insect trapping lamp, and each 1.6hm21 piece was installed.
7. The cultivation and protection method for the organic tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the animal manure in the step 2 in the tea garden planning is a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.
8. The cultivation and protection method for organic tea gardens as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 40-50 parts of pig manure, 35-40 parts of cow manure, 30-50 parts of sheep manure and 10-20 parts of chicken manure.
9. The cultivation and protection method for the organic tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the cake fertilizer in the step 2 in the tea garden planning is a mixture of tung seed cakes, rapeseed cakes and bean cakes.
10. The cultivation and protection method for organic tea gardens as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cake fertilizer comprises 45-60 parts of tung seed cake, 30-50 parts of rapeseed cake and 40-65 parts of bean cake.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114617017A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-14 | 江苏洪廷生态农业科技有限公司 | Novel tea planting method for mixed planting of tea and nursery stocks |
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Application publication date: 20210212 |