CN112314138B - Pollution-free treatment and utilization method of straw in shrimp and rice co-farming - Google Patents
Pollution-free treatment and utilization method of straw in shrimp and rice co-farming Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000026873 Alternanthera philoxeroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223600 Alternaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223602 Alternaria alternata Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000299452 Gouania lupuloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000292 Gouania lupuloides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for pollution-free treatment and utilization of straws in shrimp and rice co-farming, which comprises the following steps: only cutting off the rice ears, and leaving the residual rice piles in the field; cutting off the straws remaining on the rice ears, and piling up the straws on the field; on the field, rotary tillage is carried out to form soil turning areas with the width of 5-6 meters every 6-8 meters, and aquatic weeds are planted in the soil turning areas; grading and watering the pond to ensure that different parts of the rice straw piles are gradually decomposed along with the rise of the water level; the top of the rice stake is left on the water surface, and the rice stake above the water surface gradually withers and falls into the pond. It can slow down the decomposition speed of the straws, improve the utilization rate of the straws and prevent the crayfish from dying due to great change of water quality so as to cause economic loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a pollution-free treatment and utilization method of straws in shrimp and rice co-farming.
Background
The crayfish and rice co-farming belongs to a breeding and breeding combined breeding mode, namely crayfish is bred in a rice field and mid-season rice is planted, and the crayfish and the rice grow in the rice field in a symbiotic manner during the rice planting period. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of putting parent shrimps before harvesting mid-season rice from 8 months to 9 months every year, or putting young shrimps after harvesting mid-season rice from 9 months to 10 months every year, harvesting adult shrimps from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months in the next year, simultaneously feeding young shrimps, finishing the field at the bottom of 5 months and at the beginning of 6 months, transplanting seedlings, and harvesting parent shrimps or commercial shrimps in 8 months and 9 months, and the steps are repeated in turn.
At present, the crayfish breeding area and the yield in China are continuously and rapidly increased, the economic environment development is good, and the market prospect is wide. However, the crayfish breeding technology is generally laggard and is not optimized, and the straw treatment method is not scientifically treated.
The inventor finds that the prior arts have at least the following technical problems in the practical use process:
1. the existing straw field-keeping measures can not reduce the decomposition speed of the straw, the straw is decomposed in a large amount in a short time, and the straw can not continuously provide nutrition for a water body in a later period, so that the utilization rate of the straw is extremely low.
2. The existing straw utilization mode enables straw to be easily decomposed in a concentrated mode, so that the water quality of the pond is greatly changed in a short time, crayfish can die due to stress, and the economy is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the inventor of the invention continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and trial and a plurality of experiments and efforts, and provides a pollution-free treatment and utilization method of straws in shrimp and rice farming, which can slow down the decomposition speed of the straws, improve the utilization rate of the straws and prevent the crayfish from dying due to great change of water quality so as to avoid economic loss.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides a method for pollution-free treatment and utilization of straws in shrimp and rice co-farming, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Only cutting off the rice ears, and leaving the residual rice piles in the field;
(2) Cutting off the straws remaining on the rice ears, and piling up the straws on the field;
(3) Raising the water level of the field surface to 3-5CM high, performing rotary tillage to form a soil turning area with the width of 5-6 m on a field block with the accumulated straws every 6-8 m, then raising the water level of the field surface to 10-20CM high, and planting waterweeds in the soil turning area;
(4) Grading and watering the pond to ensure that different parts of the rice straw piles are gradually decomposed at intervals along with the rise of the water level;
(5) Stay the top of rice stake on the surface of water for the rice stake nature withering of surface of water top falls into under the surface of water, provides the nutrition for the water, improves water fertility.
The invention relates to a method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice co-farming, which further adopts the preferable technical scheme that: the straws are piled into straw piles with the diameter of 50-70 cm.
According to the invention, the method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice crop co-cultivation in a pollution-free way is further preferably characterized in that: and (4) in the step (3), the soil turning area is of a long strip-shaped structure.
The invention relates to a method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice co-farming, which further adopts the preferable technical scheme that: the aquatic weeds comprise waterweed, alternaria, and hydrilla verticillata.
The invention relates to a method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice co-farming, which further adopts the preferable technical scheme that: and (5) in the step (5), the water level of the pond is raised by 8-12CM every 9-11 days.
The invention relates to a method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice co-farming, which further adopts the preferable technical scheme that: before the pond is graded and watered, the field surface is soaked by shallow water of 10-20CM, and 60-75 kg of quicklime is sprayed in the whole field surface range under the wet state of the field surface.
The invention relates to a method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice co-farming, which further adopts the preferable technical scheme that: after the water is applied to the field surface, organic acid is sprinkled to detoxify and supplement EM bacteria in the whole pool when the temperature is 14-17 ℃ and the temperature is 11-13 ℃.
According to the invention, the method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice crop co-cultivation in a pollution-free way is further preferably characterized in that: after the water is supplied to the field surface, when the temperature is 14-17 ℃ and the temperature is 11-13 ℃ for 3-5 days continuously, 5-10CM of water is supplied to the pond at night and 5-10CM of water is drained in the morning, so that the water body circulation is promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages/beneficial effects:
the invention only harvests the rice ear part, leaves the residual rice stake on the field, and can cause the rice stake to turn green again and tillere after being applied with shallow water, so that the rice stake can not be decomposed in the earlier stage, and the decomposition speed can be delayed. The part of straw remained on the rice ears can be decomposed after being soaked in water because no nutrient substance is conveyed.
The partial residual straws on the rice ears are cut off and then divided into a plurality of piles, when the straws float on the water surface, the contact area between the straws and the water can be reduced, the decomposition speed is slowed down, the straws are prevented from being completely dispersed on the water surface and being decomposed at the same time, the water quality of the water body of the whole pond is greatly changed in a short time, and the lobsters die and suffer from economic loss. The decomposition time of the straws can be prolonged by piling up the straws in a piling manner, so that the whole water quality of the pond can not change greatly, the straws can be slowly decomposed to continuously provide nutrients for the water body, the water plants grow more vigorously and are eaten by the crayfish, the food can be continuously provided for the crayfish, and meanwhile, the water plants can purify the water quality, prevent the eutrophication of the water body and provide a good growth environment for the crayfish.
The pond is watered in grades, namely after a period of time at intervals, the water level of the pond is increased, different parts of the rice stubble slowly and continuously decompose at time intervals along with the rising of the water level, so that the rice stubble can be immersed in the water body in different heights and gradually releases nutrition along with the water level, the rice stubble is prevented from being decomposed in a centralized manner in the water body, the decomposition speed is controllable, and the decomposition speed is slowed down. The rice stake of the part above the surface of water because the wind blows and the sun withers gradually, falls into the pond, can nourish water body microorganism, improves water body fertility in winter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1:
the method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice co-farming comprises the following steps:
(1) Only the rice ears are cut off, and the rice piles which are not cut off are left in the field.
(2) Cutting off a small amount of straw on the rice ear, piling the cut straw on the field, wherein the diameter of each pile is 50-70cm, namely piling the straw into a plurality of piles, and then placing the piles on the field. The straw piles up, prevents to give the pond after the pond water feeding the whole dispersions of straw on the surface of water and by decomposing simultaneously, causes the water quality in the short time in whole pond to take place great change, makes the lobster dead, causes economic loss, can reduce the area of contact of straw and water simultaneously, slows down straw decomposition rate, can continuously provide nutrition for the water, has improved the utilization ratio of straw. Meanwhile, the straw on the upper part is blown by wind and is dried in the sun, so that hay powder is generated, falls into water and nourishes water and microorganisms in the water.
When the diameter of each pile of straws is 60cm, the water quality of the pond can not change greatly, namely the decomposition rate of the straws and the consumption rate of nutrients in the water body reach a balance, and the effect is optimal.
(3) Raising the water level of the field surface to 3-5CM high, carrying out rotary tillage on the field blocks with the accumulated straws to form a 5-6 m wide and long strip-shaped soil turning area every 6-8 m, then raising the water level of the field surface to 10-20CM high, and planting float grass in the soil turning area. The water level is raised to 3-5CM and then the rotary tillage is carried out, so that dust can be prevented from flying, the strip-shaped shape can be conveniently dug, meanwhile, the land can be moistened, and the subsequent planting of the waterweeds is facilitated.
The field surface is finished in a 'rotary tillage strip' mode, so that the planting of aquatic weeds on the field surface is not influenced, the distribution of rice piles and straws in the original design mode is basically preserved, and the continuous slow decomposition of the straws is guaranteed. The water level is raised to 10-20cm, which not only prepares for planting the waterweeds, but also facilitates the subsequent quicklime spraying.
The waterweed mainly comprises the waterweed, the waterweed is used for assisting in planting the alternanthera philoxeroides and the hydrilla verticillata, the waterweed can release a large amount of oxygen in the photosynthesis process to provide sufficient oxygen for the crayfish, and simultaneously can absorb a large amount of harmful ammonia nitrogen, carbon dioxide, residual bait dissolved and lost substances and certain organic decomposition products which are continuously generated in water, so that the pH value of the water body can be stabilized, the water quality is kept neutral and alkaline, and a proper environment is provided for the crayfish.
(4) And (3) spraying quicklime in the whole field surface range under the wet state of the field surface, wherein 60-75 kg of quicklime is sprayed in each mu, so that the moss spores remained on the field surface can be cleaned, disinfected and killed. The pH value of water can be adjusted, the soil acidity is reduced, the culture water body of the crayfish is slightly alkaline, a good growth environment can be provided for the crayfish, the water body buffer capacity is enhanced, the toxicity generated in the straw rotting process is neutralized and decomposed, and the crayfish is prevented from generating stress reaction.
(5) The pond is fed with water in a grading way, namely, the water level of the pond is raised by 8-12CM every 9-11 days, the straws float on the water surface after the water level is raised, and different parts of the rice stakes are slowly and continuously decomposed along with the rise of the water level, so that the rice stakes can be immersed in the water body in different heights and release nutrition along with the rise of the water level, and the rice stakes are prevented from being decomposed in a centralized way in the water body.
Meanwhile, the water feeding distance of the pond is at least 9 days, the aquatic weeds grow new white roots, and the water level of the pond after water feeding is about 30cm, so that the pond is just suitable for the growth of the aquatic weeds and accords with the growth rule of the aquatic weeds.
(5) Make rice stake top stay above the surface of water, stay the rice stake on the surface of water and wither gradually because the wind blows the sun, fall into the pond, nourish water body microorganism, improve water body fertility in winter. When the rice stakes are broken, partial hay powder falls into the pond, the fine hay powder is eaten by water microorganisms, the water microorganisms are greatly helped, and the water microorganisms are eaten by crayfish, so that the crayfish is fatter.
(6) After the water is supplied to the field surface, when the temperature is 14-17 ℃ and the water temperature is 11-13 ℃, organic acid is sprayed in the whole pool to supplement EM bacteria, the immunity of the crayfish is improved, harmful bacteria are controlled, and the water quality is adjusted.
Example 2:
the method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp-rice co-farming provided by the embodiment in a pollution-free manner comprises the following steps:
(1) Only the rice ears are cut off, and the rice piles which are not cut off are left in the field.
(2) Cutting off a small amount of straws on the rice ears, piling the straws on the field blocks, wherein the diameter of each pile is 50-70cm, namely piling the straws into a plurality of piles, and then placing the piles on the field blocks. The straw piles up, prevents to give the pond after the pond water feeding the whole dispersions of straw on the surface of water and by decomposing simultaneously, causes the water quality in the short time in whole pond to take place great change, makes the lobster dead, causes economic loss, can reduce the area of contact of straw and water simultaneously, slows down straw decomposition rate, can continuously provide nutrition for the water, has improved the utilization ratio of straw. Meanwhile, the straw on the upper part is blown by wind and is dried in the sun to generate hay powder, and the hay powder falls into water to nourish water bodies and microorganisms in the water.
When the diameter of each pile of straws is 60cm, the water quality of the pond can not change greatly, namely the decomposition rate of the straws and the consumption rate of nutrients in the water body reach a balance, and the effect is optimal.
(3) Raising the water level of the field surface to 3-5CM, carrying out rotary tillage on the field pieces with the accumulated straws to form a 5-6 m wide and long strip-shaped soil turning area every 6-8 m, then raising the water level of the field surface to 10-20CM, and planting aquatic weeds in the soil turning area. The field surface is finished in a 'rotary tillage strip' mode, so that the planting of aquatic weeds on the field surface is not influenced, the distribution of rice piles and straws in the original design mode is basically preserved, and the continuous slow decomposition of the straws is guaranteed. The waterweed mainly comprises the waterweed and is used for assisting in planting the alternaria alternata and the hydrilla verticillata, the waterweed can release a large amount of oxygen in the photosynthesis process, can absorb a large amount of harmful ammonia nitrogen, carbon dioxide, residual bait dissolved and lost substances and certain organic decomposition products continuously generated in water, can stabilize the pH value of the water body, enables the water quality to keep neutral and alkaline, and provides a proper environment for the crayfish.
(4) And (3) spraying quicklime in the whole field surface range under the wet state of the field surface, wherein 60-75 kg of quicklime is sprayed in each mu, so that the moss spores remained on the field surface can be cleaned, disinfected and killed. The pH value of water can be adjusted, the acidity of soil is reduced, the culture water body of the crayfish is slightly alkaline, a good growth environment can be provided for the crayfish, the buffering capacity of the water body is enhanced, and the toxicity generated in the straw decomposition process is neutralized and decomposed;
(5) The pond is fed with water in a grading way, namely the water level of the pond is raised by 8-12CM every 9-11 days, the straws float on the water surface after the water level is raised, and different parts of the rice stakes are slowly and continuously decomposed along with the raising of the water level, so that the rice stakes can be immersed in the water body in different heights and release nutrition along with the height of the water level, and the rice stakes are prevented from being decomposed in a centralized way in the water body;
(5) Make rice stake top stay above the surface of water, stay the rice stake on the surface of water and wither gradually because the wind blows the sun, fall into the pond, nourish water body microorganism, improve water body fertility in winter.
(6) After the water is supplied to the field surface, when the temperature is 14-17 ℃ and the water temperature is 11-13 ℃, organic acid is sprayed in the whole pool to supplement EM bacteria, the immunity of the crayfish is improved, harmful bacteria are controlled, and the water quality is adjusted.
(7) And after 3-5 days of continuous operation, feeding water into the pond for 5-10CM at night and discharging water for 5-10CM in the morning at the temperature of 14-17 ℃ and at the temperature of 11-13 ℃. In spring, the climate is warmed, toxic and harmful substances may appear, the water temperature is raised, the decomposition degree of the straws is accelerated, and the water quality and the dissolved oxygen are ensured to be sufficient by draining and feeding water into the pond.
The invention is suitable for a pond for shrimp and rice co-farming, which comprises a surrounding ditch for crayfish growth activities and a field block for planting rice. The rice ears are harvested in autumn, the rice straws are left in a field block and planted with aquatic weeds, crayfish eats plankton and the aquatic weeds on the rice straws, nutrition is provided for the aquatic weeds in the decomposition process of the rice straws, the tops of the rice straws left on the water surface are dried by wind and the sun, the hay powder falls into the pond, food is provided for microorganisms and plankton in water, the rice straws are slowly decomposed in the pond in autumn, winter and spring, and the crayfish also slowly grows. Through piling up the straw branch, delay the decomposition rate of straw for the hierarchical water feeding of pond, guarantee that the straw lasts and provide nutrition, make the top of straw stay on the surface of water simultaneously, through the wind-blown sunshine, the hay powder falls into the pond, provides food for microorganism and plankton in the water, has reduced the corruption decomposition speed of straw, has improved the utilization ratio of straw.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for treating and utilizing straws in shrimp and rice co-farming without pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Only cutting off the rice ears, and leaving the residual rice piles in the field;
(2) Cutting off the residual straws on the rice ears, stacking the straws on the field in a piling manner, wherein each pile of straws is piled into a straw pile with the diameter of 50-70 cm;
(3) Raising the water level of the field surface to 3-5CM high, performing rotary tillage to form a soil turning area with the width of 5-6 m on a field block with the accumulated straws every 6-8 m, then raising the water level of the field surface to 10-20CM high, and planting waterweeds in the soil turning area;
(4) Grading and watering the pond to ensure that different parts of the rice straw piles are gradually decomposed at intervals along with the rise of the water level;
(5) The top of the rice stake is left on the water surface, so that the rice stake above the water surface naturally withers and falls into the water surface, nutrition is provided for the water body, and the water body fertility is improved.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plowing area in step (3) is in a strip shape.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aquatic plants include waterweed, arachis hypogaea and hydrilla verticillata.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) of graded feeding water is carried out at intervals of 9-11 days, and the water level of the pond is raised by 8-12CM.
5. The method for treating and utilizing straw without pollution in shrimp and rice farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein 60-75 kg of quicklime is sprayed over the whole field surface in a wet state of the field surface after the water plants are planted.
6. The method for treating and utilizing straw in shrimp and rice co-farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein after watering the surface of the field, organic acid is sprinkled in the whole pool to detoxify and supplement EM bacteria when the temperature is 14-17 ℃ and the temperature is 11-13 ℃.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after watering the surface of the field, the pond is watered with 5-10CM at night and 5-10CM at morning after 3-5 days of continuous water temperature of 14-17 ℃ and 11-13 ℃, so as to promote water circulation.
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