CN115474567B - Rice field crayfish straw piling structure and application method thereof - Google Patents
Rice field crayfish straw piling structure and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115474567B CN115474567B CN202211251251.8A CN202211251251A CN115474567B CN 115474567 B CN115474567 B CN 115474567B CN 202211251251 A CN202211251251 A CN 202211251251A CN 115474567 B CN115474567 B CN 115474567B
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000583629 Cypridopsis vidua Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000168525 Haematococcus Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field crayfish straw piling structure, which is characterized in that: when returning to the field, the straw is piled according to a structure of bundling, staggered stacking, tiling or even scattering. The invention discloses specific operation modes of the structures and a use method of the structures, which are used for breeding crayfish fries. The invention adopts the straw stalk to directly return to the field, does not need to plant the Haematococcus, reduces the cost, reduces the operation difficulty, reduces the labor intensity, and saves time and labor; the rice straw is directly recycled, so that the comprehensive benefit of the rice field is increased while no rice field waste is generated; different straw piling structures are recommended according to the practical situation of the paddy field, and a bundling type straw piling structure is preferred.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crayfish culture, in particular to a rice field crayfish straw composting structure and a using method thereof.
Background
The culture of the rice field crayfish usually adopts the cola algae as a hidden place of the crayfish, but the cola algae produced by comprehensive planting and health maintenance of the rice and the crayfish has the problems of limited supply quantity, fund purchase, manual planting, slow growth under the low-temperature freezing condition and the like; in addition, farmers do not want to work in the field in low-temperature freezing seasons; thus, the culture of the crayfish by the waterweed is insufficient.
Rice straw (rice straw) is not only a residue of rice planting, but also is mechanically crushed and returned to the field, and the energy consumption in the returning process is high; meanwhile, the bait is an easily available agricultural waste resource and can become bait for crayfish seedlings after being decomposed by water. The straw stalk has wide source, labor and energy saving, small labor intensity, convenient and simple operation, and plays a role in heat preservation in the freezing weather, and is used as a residue for green reuse.
However, the structure and the matched management method for returning rice straws (rice straws) to fields are still lacking at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a rice field crayfish straw stalk composting structure and a use method thereof, wherein the rice field crayfish straw stalk is directly returned to the field, thereby not only reducing the cost, but also reducing the operation difficulty, reducing the labor intensity and saving time and labor; the rice straw is directly recycled, so that the comprehensive benefit of the rice field is increased while no rice field waste is generated; different straw piling structures are recommended according to the practical situation of the paddy field, and a bundling type straw piling structure is preferred.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a rice field crayfish straw piling structure, which is characterized in that: when returning to the field, the straw is piled according to a structure of bundling, staggered stacking, tiling or even scattering.
The bundling type stacking structure is characterized in that straw stalks are interwoven and wound to form straw ropes, one bundle of straw stalks is bundled through the straw ropes, the lower parts of the straw stalks are unfolded, and the straw stalks are erected in a crayfish culture paddy field.
The staggered stacking structure is characterized in that the rice straw is stacked together in a 90-degree interweaved mode, stacked upwards layer by layer in a staggered mode and paved in the crayfish culture paddy field.
The tiled composting structure is characterized in that straw stalks which are not crushed are directly paved in the crayfish culture paddy field in parallel, and strips are paved in the crayfish culture paddy field.
Wherein, the uniformly scattering type piling structure is characterized in that straw stalks are directly crushed and uniformly scattered in the crayfish culture paddy field when being harvested, and the whole crayfish culture paddy field is covered.
The application method of the rice field crayfish straw stacking structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprising the following steps:
1) Feeding the seed shrimps into the crayfish culture paddy field in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months;
2) Cutting off water before harvesting for 12d-18d, airing the rice straw for 20d-30d after harvesting, returning the rice straw to the field, and stacking according to a bundle type, staggered stacking type, tiling type or even scattering type structure when returning the rice straw to the field, wherein the waterweed is not planted;
3) Managing a paddy field water layer for culturing crayfish, wherein the paddy field water layer is maintained at 20cm-60cm by adopting a paddy field circulating water or running water management mode;
4) Managing fertilizer water of a crayfish culture paddy field, performing paddy field fertilizer water operation by adopting 90kg-110kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per month, and applying EM bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria;
5) Feeding for 1 time every 2 days when the temperature is above 8 ℃ in winter and spring; feeding 1 time every 1 day when the temperature is above 12 ℃; the feeding amount is 2.5-3.5% of the weight of the crayfish fries; the feeding mode is feeding along the row direction around the straw in the evening;
6) When the spring temperature is above 12 ℃, capturing crayfish seedlings in a paddy field for sale, and finishing the use.
In the step 1), 14kg-16kg of seed shrimps are put in each mu, the weight of single seed shrimp is 30g-35g, and the ratio of male shrimps to female shrimps is 1.8-2.2:1.
Wherein, in the step 2), when the rice straw is piled according to a bundle type and a staggered structure, the plant-row spacing of the rice straw is 2.5m multiplied by 5m.
In the step 5), in the winter in the freezing weather, the operation of breaking ice on the water surface of the rice field is needed, and the operation of breaking ice at intervals of 10m-15m or putting wood and bamboo rods on the water surface of the rice field in advance is needed.
In the step 6), when the crayfish is not sold, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and EM bacteria are needed to be mixed with water even if water is changed.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the invention adopts the straw stalk to directly return to the field, does not need to plant the Haematococcus, reduces the cost, reduces the operation difficulty, reduces the labor intensity, and saves time and labor. Meanwhile, the rice straw is directly recycled, so that the comprehensive benefit of the rice field is increased while no rice field waste is generated. When the straw stalk is returned to the field, the operation of directly crushing and uniformly scattering is simplest, but the acre yield of the crayfish is lowest. The labor intensity of the bundling type and the staggered stacking type is similar, but the bundling type has better effect, and different straw stalk stacking structures are recommended according to the practical situation of the paddy field, and the bundling type straw stalk stacking structure is preferred.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a straw bundle type composting structure of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a staggered stacking structure of straw stalks according to the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tiled composting structure of straw stalks according to the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a uniformly scattering type composting structure of straw stalk according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the yields of crayfish fries from different composting configurations of straw stalks according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of plankton conditions under different composting configurations of straw stalks according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a comparison of water temperature conditions under different composting structures of straw stalk according to the invention;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the dissolved oxygen of water under different composting structures of straw stalk according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
In 2019 and 2020, the invention returns rice straw to the field each year and is used for breeding crayfish seedlings.
When the straw is returned to the field, the straw is piled according to a bundling type, staggered stacking type, tiling type or even scattering type structure, and each structure test is not lower than 40 mu each year, and the total test is more than 160 mu. The bundling type stacking structure is characterized in that straw stalks are interwoven and wound to form straw ropes, one bundle of straw stalks is tightly bundled through the straw ropes, the lower parts of the straw stalks are unfolded, and the straw stalks are erected in a crayfish culture paddy field. The staggered stacking structure is characterized in that the rice straw is stacked together in a 90-degree interweaving way, stacked up layer by layer and paved in a crayfish culture paddy field. The tiled piling structure is characterized in that straw stalks which are not crushed are directly paved in the crayfish culture paddy field in parallel and are covered on the crayfish culture paddy field. The uniformly scattering type piling structure is characterized in that straw stalks are directly crushed and uniformly scattered in the crayfish culture paddy field when being harvested, and the whole crayfish culture paddy field is covered.
When crayfish fries are bred, the method comprises the following steps:
1) Feeding the seed shrimps into the crayfish culture paddy field in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months; the weight of each mu of the shrimp is 30g-35g, and the ratio of the male to the female of each mu of the shrimp is 1.8-2.2:1, preferably 2:1. The disease-free male and female shrimps with dark red body, good luster, complete appendages, strong physical strength and vigorous vigor are selected as the seed shrimps. When the straw stalk is piled according to the bundle type and staggered structure, the plant-row spacing of the straw stalk is 2.5m multiplied by 5m.
2) Cutting off water before harvesting for 12d-18d, preferably 15d, drying in the sun for 20d-30d after harvesting, returning rice straw to the field, preferably 25d, and stacking according to a bundle type, staggered stacking type, tiling type or even scattering type structure when returning rice straw to the field, wherein no waterweed is planted.
3) And (3) managing the water layer of the crayfish culture paddy field, wherein the corresponding shallow water layer is selected according to the air temperature, and the water layer of the paddy field is maintained at 20cm-60cm by adopting a paddy field circulating water or running water management mode.
4) The fertilizer water of the crayfish culture paddy field is managed, 90kg-110kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is adopted for carrying out the fertilizer water operation of the paddy field per month, preferably 100kg, and EM bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are applied.
5) Feeding for 1 time every 2 days when the temperature is above 8 ℃ in winter and spring; feeding 1 time every 1 day when the temperature is above 12 ℃; the feeding amount is 2.5% -3.5% of the weight of the crayfish fries, preferably 3%; the feeding mode is feeding along the row direction around the straw in the evening. In winter, in the frozen weather, the water surface of the rice field needs to be broken, and the ice is broken every 10m-15m or the wood bamboo poles are put on the water surface of the rice field in advance for operation.
6) When the spring temperature is above 12 ℃, capturing crayfish seedlings in a paddy field for sale, and finishing the use. When the crayfish is not sold, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and EM bacteria are needed to be mixed with water even when water is changed. Prevent the temperature from rising and the straw from decomposing to deteriorate the water body and influence the activity of the crayfish seedlings in the rice field.
The value ranges in the above examples are all related to test fields of 160 mu or more.
Comparison analysis:
as can be seen from fig. 5, the effect of crayfish acre yield is optimal and the difference is obvious when straw stalk stacking is carried out by the bundling structure. Secondly, the staggered type, the tiled type and the uniformly scattering type are sequentially reduced. The difference between the tiling and the spreading is slightly smaller.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the number of plankton is the largest and the difference is obvious when the bundle-type structure stacks the straw. Secondly, the staggered type, the tiled type and the uniformly scattering type are sequentially reduced, and the difference is obvious.
As can be seen from fig. 7, the water temperature is slightly higher than that of the uniformly-scattering straw when the straw is piled in the bundle type, staggered-stacked type and tiled type structures. The difference among the bundling type, the staggered stacking type and the tiling type is not obvious. The water temperature refers to the bottom layer temperature at the central position of the straw.
As can be seen from FIG. 8, when the bundling type and even scattering type structure is used for piling up straw, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is higher than that of the staggered type, the staggered type is higher than that of the tiled type, and the difference is obvious.
In conclusion, the straw stalk is directly returned to the field, the need of planting the Haematococcus is eliminated, the cost is reduced, the operation difficulty is reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, and the time and the labor are saved. Meanwhile, the rice straw is directly recycled, so that the comprehensive benefit of the rice field is increased while no rice field waste is generated. When the straw stalk is returned to the field, the operation of directly crushing and uniformly scattering is simplest, but the acre yield of the crayfish is lowest. The labor intensity of the bundling type and the staggered stacking type is similar, but the bundling type has better effect, and different straw stalk stacking structures are recommended according to the practical situation of the paddy field, and the bundling type straw stalk stacking structure is preferred.
Claims (4)
1. The application method of the rice field crayfish straw stacking structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprising the following steps:
1) Feeding the seed shrimps into the crayfish culture paddy field in the last ten days of 8 months to 9 months;
2) Cutting off water 12d-18d before harvesting rice, airing the rice straw for 20d-30d after harvesting, returning the rice straw to the field, and stacking according to a bundling structure when returning the rice straw to the field, wherein the waterweed is not planted; bundle type stacking structure: interweaving and winding the straw stalks to form straw ropes, binding a bundle of straw stalks by the straw ropes, spreading the lower part of the straw stalks, and standing in a crayfish culture paddy field; when the straw stalk is piled according to the bundling structure, the plant-row spacing of the straw stalk is 2.5m multiplied by 5m;
3) Managing a paddy field water layer for culturing crayfish, wherein the paddy field water layer is maintained at 20cm-60cm by adopting a paddy field circulating water or running water management mode;
4) Managing fertilizer water of a crayfish culture paddy field, performing paddy field fertilizer water operation by adopting 90kg-110kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per month, and applying EM bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria;
5) Feeding for 1 time every 2 days when the temperature is above 8 ℃ in winter and spring; feeding 1 time every 1 day when the temperature is above 12 ℃; the feeding amount is 2.5-3.5% of the weight of the crayfish fries; the feeding mode is feeding along the row direction around the straw in the evening;
6) When the temperature in spring is above 12 ℃, the crayfish seedlings are caught in the rice field and sold for use, so that the crayfish seedlings are prevented from being decomposed and deteriorated by straw when the temperature is increased, and the activity of the crayfish seedlings in the rice field is prevented from being influenced.
2. The method for using the rice field crayfish straw stalk stacking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), 14kg-16kg of the seed shrimps are put in each mu, the weight of the single seed shrimp is 30g-35g, and the ratio of the male shrimps to the female shrimps is 1.8-2.2:1.
3. The method for using the rice field crayfish straw stalk stacking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), in the winter in the freezing weather, the water surface of the rice field needs to be subjected to ice breaking operation, and the ice is broken every 10m-15m or wood and bamboo poles are put on the water surface of the rice field in advance for operation.
4. The method for using the rice field crayfish straw stalk stacking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 6), when the crayfish is not sold, water is required to be changed by lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, EM bacteria and water.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211251251.8A CN115474567B (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2022-10-13 | Rice field crayfish straw piling structure and application method thereof |
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| CN202211251251.8A CN115474567B (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2022-10-13 | Rice field crayfish straw piling structure and application method thereof |
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| CN115474567B true CN115474567B (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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