CN111264434A - Rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfish in lotus root field - Google Patents
Rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfish in lotus root field Download PDFInfo
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- CN111264434A CN111264434A CN202010244005.4A CN202010244005A CN111264434A CN 111264434 A CN111264434 A CN 111264434A CN 202010244005 A CN202010244005 A CN 202010244005A CN 111264434 A CN111264434 A CN 111264434A
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- crayfish
- lotus root
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfishes in a lotus root field. In autumn rice harvesting season, collecting the whole rice straw and stacking the whole rice straw on ridges of the lotus root field. After the crayfishes enter the hole and sleep in winter, rice straws are scattered in the lotus root field, and the shallow water level in the field is kept in winter. Trapping crayfish in 3 months after beginning spring, grabbing the crayfish to be large and keeping the crayfish small until lotus leaf in lotus root field is grown in the full period in the last ten days of 4 months, and completely selling the crayfish trapped by lumbricus. Applying appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to balance C/N ratio during the vertical leaf-drawing period of lotus root, and applying appropriate amount of additional lotus root expanding fertilizer by times in 8-9 months. According to the invention, the space formed by the rice straws in the water can be used for the crayfish to climb and inhabit, the nutrients released by decomposition can be absorbed and utilized by the lotus roots and can also be used by small and medium-sized plankton and promote the propagation of the small and medium-sized plankton, the plankton and the straw scraps can be used as the feed of the crayfish, and the crayfish feces is also a high-quality organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is used for replacing chemical fertilizer, the comprehensive utilization rate of the straw is improved, and planting are combined with ecological high-efficiency agriculture. The technology is suitable for the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfish in a lotus root field, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and breeding combination.
Background
The rice straw contains abundant nutrients, the resource amount of the main crop straw in China in 2015 is 71878.53 ten thousand tons, and the total content of the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) nutrient resources respectively reaches 625.6, 197.9 and 1159.5 ten thousand tons. The straw nutrient resource accounts for 33.1%, 14.5% and 34.2% of the total nutrient resource respectively (Song Dali, 2018) with the largest amount of the three grain crops of rice, wheat and corn. Although the comprehensive utilization of the straws is many, the straw burning treatment work is not improved fundamentally. Thus, the crop straws are not fully utilized and are discarded. The vegetable planting area causes the problems of unreasonable proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizers, unreasonable proportion of nutrients of the fertilizers and the like, so that the fertility and the water retention capacity of the soil are reduced, and the nutrient balance of the soil is damaged.
The method for intercropping procambarus clarkii (crayfish) in lotus root field is a mode based on ecological breeding in paddy field, and in order to obtain higher yield and benefit of crayfish, the feed needs to be fed based on the principle of meat and vegetable matching and combination of essence and thickness, and the commercial feed is mainly fed. The protein content of the commercial feed is preferably 26-30%, and the commercial feed is properly matched with fresh animal feed such as fish meal, spiral shell meat and the like, and plant feed such as wheat, corn and the like. In the technologies disclosed by the 'breeding method for breeding crayfishes and lotus roots in a mixed way' (CN 105010200A), 'the breeding method for breeding crayfishes in a lotus root field (CN 107409729A),' the breeding method for breeding crayfishes in a lotus root pond (CN 108633801A), 'the breeding method for breeding crayfishes in a lotus root field (CN 109526828A),' the breeding method for breeding crayfishes and lotus roots in a mixed way '(CN 109220925A),' and the like, special formula mixed feed, living snails and the like are put into the crayfishes breeding management or the lotus root field for feeding, and finished crayfishes are directly caught and sold in the market; or transferring the crayfish seedlings in the lotus root field to a special breeding area, and fishing and selling the grown finished crayfish. The yield of the crayfishes bred in the lotus root field is generally 50-60kg per mu under the feeding condition, and the high yield can approach 100kg per mu.
However, for farmers who contract and plant lotus roots in large areas, the crayfishes are not specially fed after intercropping in lotus root fields due to labor and the like, the crayfishes only feed on organic matters such as small plankton in the lotus root fields, the acre yield can be close to 40kg, and the acre synergistic effect is more than 1000 yuan.
The rice is harvested in autumn, the rice straws are rich in nutrients, if the discarded rice straws near the lotus root base are scattered in the lotus root field, but the crayfish does not enter the hole to sleep, if the rice straws are directly scattered in the lotus root field, a large amount of micromolecule nutrients seep out, the concentration of a water layer is suddenly increased, the crayfish is yellow, and the crayfish can be choked. If the collected rice straws are temporarily stored on ridges of the lotus root field, after the crayfishes in winter enter the holes and sleep, the rice straws are scattered and spread in the lotus root field, the rice straws are slowly decomposed in the paddy field in winter, released nutrients permeate into soil and water quality becomes clear, nutrients can be provided for the growth of the lotus roots after the beginning of spring, the using amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced, nutrients can be provided for the growth and the propagation of small planktons in water, and the planktons and the rice straws are continuously decomposed to form fragments and the like which can also provide food for the growth of the crayfishes, so that ecological and efficient nutrient recycling is formed, organic fertilizers are replaced by organic fertilizers, the comprehensive utilization rate of the straws is improved, and ecological and efficient agriculture such as farmland output benefit is improved by combination of planting and breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfishes in a lotus root field.
The invention aims to realize the rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfish in lotus root field, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding crayfish seedlings to a lotus root field planted with lotus roots at the bottom of 7 months every year for breeding, harvesting the lotus roots in the lotus root field in the same 10 months, and continuously keeping the crayfish grown from the crayfish seedlings in the lotus root field;
(2) collecting the whole rice straw of the rice and stacking the whole rice straw on the ridge of the lotus root in the rice harvesting season;
(3) after the crayfish enters the hole in the lotus root field to sleep in winter, spreading rice straws in the lotus root field, and keeping the water depth in the lotus root field to be 10-15 cm;
(4) after the crayfish leaves the hole in the spring in the next year, the water depth in the lotus root field is kept 30-40 cm; if the color of the leaves is light or even yellow in the spring lotus root leaf pulling period, applying N fertilizer to balance the C/N ratio and ensure the normal growth of the lotus roots;
fishing the crayfish from late 3 months; lotus roots are harvested in 10 months.
In the step (3), the quantity of rice straws which are the whole plant of straws is not less than 250kg per mu of lotus root field.
In the step (4), the lobster is trapped by the earthworm made of the nylon net with the pore diameter not more than 1 cm. The earthworm made of the nylon net with the aperture not more than 1cm limits the specification of the crayfish left in the field, so that the effect of affecting the lotus root bud germination can not be achieved.
In the step (4), classifying the trapped crayfishes: throwing the lotus root field below 5 coins (25 g) for continuous stocking, and dividing the shrimps above 5 coins into shrimps with medium size of 5-7 coins and shrimps with large size of more than 7 coins; and (4) when lotus leaves in the lotus root field grow out in the full period of 4 months, all the crayfish caught by the earthworms are sold.
By the method, rice straws are collected and stacked on ridges of the lotus root field in autumn rice harvesting season. After the crayfishes enter the hole and sleep in winter, the straws are scattered and paved in the lotus root field. The nitrogen fertilizer is applied properly during the vertical leaf-pulling period of the lotus root. The average quantity of rice straw spread in each mu of lotus root field is not less than 250 kg. The rice straw is the whole straw. That is, the whole rice straw is collected when the rice is harvested, if the crayfish does not enter the hole when the rice is harvested, the crayfish is easy to choke and die when the crayfish is directly returned to the field, and the collected rice straw is preferably stacked on the ridge of the lotus root field. In winter, the crayfishes enter the hole and are spread in the field after dormancy, and the rice straw is not spread in the adjacent lotus root field and the conventional management is used as a contrast. Keeping the lotus root field in a shallow water layer in winter. Catching the crayfish with small-aperture earthworms in the last ten days of 3 months, grabbing the crayfish to be large and keeping the crayfish small, and keeping the water depth in the lotus root field to be 30-40 cm. And (4) when lotus leaves in the lotus root field grow out in the full period of 4 months, all the crayfish caught by the earthworms are sold. And N fertilizer is applied in a proper amount in the spring lotus root leaf-erecting growing period to balance the C/N ratio and ensure the normal growth of the lotus roots.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfish in lotus root field. In autumn rice harvesting season, collecting the whole rice straw and stacking the whole rice straw on ridges of the lotus root field. After the crayfishes enter the hole and sleep in winter, rice straws are scattered and paved in the lotus root field, and the shallow water level is maintained before the crayfishes leave the hole in spring. And after the lotus roots are extracted to form the vertical leaves, if the leaves are light in color and even yellow, applying a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer to balance the C/N ratio. The space that the rice straw formed in aqueous can supply the crayfish to climb on and perch, decay release nutrient can supply the lotus root to absorb and utilize, also can supply the middle-size and small-size plankton to utilize and promote its reproduction, plankton and straw piece all can regard as the bait of crayfish, crayfish excrement and urine is high-quality fertilizer also to form ecological, efficient nutrient cyclic utilization, realize that the fertilizer replaces the chemical fertilizer, improve straw comprehensive utilization, the ecological high-efficient agriculture such as raising farmland output benefit is combined in the planting and breeding. The technology is suitable for the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.
Detailed Description
A rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfish in lotus root field comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding crayfish seedlings to a lotus root field planted with lotus roots at the bottom of 7 months every year for breeding, harvesting the lotus roots in the lotus root field in the same 10 months, and continuously keeping the crayfish grown from the crayfish seedlings in the lotus root field;
(2) collecting the whole rice straw of the rice and stacking the whole rice straw on the ridge of the lotus root in the rice harvesting season;
(3) after the crayfish enters the hole in the lotus root field to sleep in winter, spreading rice straws in the lotus root field, and keeping the water depth in the lotus root field to be 10-15 cm; the quantity of rice straw spread in each mu of lotus root field is not less than 250kg, and the rice straw is the whole plant straw;
(4) after the crayfish leaves the hole in the spring in the next year, the water depth in the lotus root field is kept 30-40 cm; if the color of the leaves is light or even yellow in the spring lotus root leaf pulling period, applying N fertilizer to balance the C/N ratio and ensure the normal growth of the lotus roots;
catching crayfish in late 3 months, and trapping crayfish with Lumbricus made of nylon net with pore diameter not more than 1 cm; grading the trapped crayfish: throwing the lotus root field below 5 coins (25 g) for continuous stocking, and dividing the shrimps above 5 coins into shrimps with medium size of 5-7 coins and shrimps with large size of more than 7 coins; until the lotus leaf of lotus root field grows in the full period of 4 months, all the crayfishes caught by the earthworms are sold; the lotus roots are harvested in 10 months, and the skins of the harvested lotus roots are white.
In more detail:
(1) selecting 2 adjacent lotus root fields as old lotus root fields for planting lotus roots and intercropping crayfish for years, adopting the same management before, basically keeping the soil fertility, the average yield, the standard and the benefit of the lotus roots and the intercropped crayfish in the previous years consistent, and stocking the crayfish seedlings with the standard of 100 plus one year per mu and 120 tails per kg according to 10kg per mu at the end of 7 months in the current year. One lotus root field with an area of 28 mu is set as a test field for spreading rice straw, and the other adjacent lotus root field with an area of 33 mu is set as a control field.
(2) After lotus roots are harvested and sold in 10 months, 7500kg of whole rice straws of a rice production base near a lotus root field are collected in the middle ten days of 11 months and stacked on a ridge on one side of a test lotus root field where the rice straws are scattered and paved. When the rice straws are wetted in rainy days, water flowing into the lotus root field can yellow the water layer at the edge of the lotus root field, but crayfish can not die, and a hole for more crayfish to live through the winter is formed in the ridge, which indicates that the normal growth of the crayfish is not influenced.
(3) And (4) in 12 last ten days, after the temperature is reduced to below 0 ℃ to 1 middle of the month, successively spreading the rice straws on the ridges to the lotus root field. And applying 45% (N-P-K = 15-15-15) compound fertilizer 50kg per mu in the reference lotus root field in winter according to the conventional method. Keeping a 10-15 cm shallow water layer during the overwintering period of the lotus root field, starting deepening the water level after the lobsters leave the holes in spring, and maintaining the water level at 30-40 cm during the growth period of the lotus roots. Duckweed grows on the water surface in the lotus root field spread with the rice straw in the middle ten days of 4 months, the fact that the rice straw is decomposed to release nutrients improves the fertility of the lotus root field, when the lotus leaves are light green in the period of a large number of vertical leaves in the first 6 months, 15kg of urea is applied to each mu of lotus leaves to supplement nitrogen so as to balance the C/N ratio of the field, and when the lotus root field is compared, the duckweed does not appear on the water surface, and the duckweed is clear and bottom appears on the water surface. And 2 lotus root fields are fertilized for 2 times in the middle ten days of 8 months and the last ten days of 9 months, and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to the whole field per mu in a broadcasting manner by 45 percent. And (3) applying appropriate amount of lotus root expanding fertilizer for 8-9 months in a grading manner to ensure the normal growth of crayfish.
(4) In 3 months, the crayfishes are trapped by the earthworms made of the nylon net with the aperture not more than 1cm, and the earthworms are recovered every day, so that the number of the crayfishes scattered in the rice straw lotus root field is obviously more than that of the crayfishes scattered in the control lotus root field. Grading the trapped crayfish: throwing the lotus root field below 5 coins (25 g) for continuous stocking, dividing the shrimps above 5 coins into shrimps with medium size of 5-7 coins and shrimps with large size of above 7 coins, and selling the crayfishes with different sizes to the brokers according to the price of going on the market; and (4) when lotus leaves in the lotus root field grow out in the full period of 4 months, all the crayfish caught by the earthworms are sold. The final statistical benefit is that the income of 28 acres of lotus root field crayfish scattered with rice straws is 2.3 ten thousand yuan, the percentage of large-scale crayfish with more than 7 dollars is more than 50%, the income of 33 acres of lotus root field crayfish is 1.7 ten thousand yuan, and the percentage of large-scale crayfish with more than 7 dollars is less than 30%.
(5) Lotus roots are harvested in 10 months, obvious rice straw residue is not seen in a lotus root field spread with rice straws, the skins of the harvested lotus roots are white, the selling price is 0.3-0.4 yuan/kg higher than that of other field lotus roots, and the income of 28 mu of lotus roots is 8.1 ten thousand yuan; the rust spots on the surface of the lotus roots collected in the reference lotus root field are obvious, and the income of 33 mu of lotus roots is 7.6 ten thousand yuan.
Claims (4)
1. A rice straw returning technology for intercropping crayfish in lotus root field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding crayfish seedlings to a lotus root field planted with lotus roots at the bottom of 7 months every year for breeding, harvesting the lotus roots in the lotus root field in the same 10 months, and continuously keeping the crayfish grown from the crayfish seedlings in the lotus root field;
(2) collecting the whole rice straw of the rice and stacking the whole rice straw on the ridge of the lotus root in the rice harvesting season;
(3) after the crayfish enters the hole in the lotus root field to sleep in winter, spreading rice straws in the lotus root field, and keeping the water depth in the lotus root field to be 10-15 cm;
(4) after the crayfish leaves the hole in the spring in the next year, the water depth in the lotus root field is kept 30-40 cm; if the color of the leaves is light or even yellow in the spring lotus root leaf pulling period, applying N fertilizer to balance the C/N ratio and ensure the normal growth of the lotus roots;
fishing the crayfish from late 3 months; lotus roots are harvested in 10 months.
2. The rice straw returning technology for the lotus root field for the crayfish intercropping is characterized in that in the step (3), not less than 250kg of rice straw is scattered in each mu of lotus root field.
3. The rice straw returning technology for the lotus root field intercropping crayfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), "earthworms" made of nylon net with pore diameter not more than 1cm are used for trapping crayfish.
4. The rice straw returning technology for the lotus root field intercropping crayfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the trapped crayfish is classified: throwing the lotus root field below 5 coins (25 g) for continuous stocking, and dividing the shrimps above 5 coins into shrimps with medium size of 5-7 coins and shrimps with large size of more than 7 coins; and (4) when lotus leaves in the lotus root field grow out in the full period of 4 months, all the crayfish caught by the earthworms are sold.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115474567A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-16 | 南京农业大学 | Rice field crayfish and straw stacking structure and using method thereof |
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| CN107409729A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-01 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of lotus rhizome field set supports the breeding method of cray |
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| CN115474567B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-12-29 | 南京农业大学 | Rice field crayfish straw piling structure and application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200612 |