CN114956305A

CN114956305A - Ecological reconstruction method of drainage ditch of aquaculture pond and straw carrier brick

Info

Publication number: CN114956305A
Application number: CN202111382586.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹庆; 聂毅; 胡明; 马淑仪; 林怡标
Original assignee: Guangzhou City Construction College
Current assignee: Guangzhou City Construction College
Priority date: 2021-11-19
Filing date: 2021-11-19
Publication date: 2022-08-30
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-19
Also published as: CN114956305B

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological reconstruction method of a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond, which comprises the following steps: (1) manufacturing a straw carrier brick comprising straw bundles and a carrier brick; the carrier brick is a cuboid fly ash ceramsite brick, and a plum blossom through hole is formed in the largest rectangular surface of the carrier brick; the quincuncial through hole comprises a central through hole and peripheral through holes distributed around the central through hole; inserting the straw bundles into the central through hole and penetrating out of the central through hole; (2) soaking the straw carrier brick into an enriched culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removal flora for flora culture; (3) according to the set distance of the straw carrier bricks, downstream clamping strips are arranged at the bottom of the drainage ditch, then the straw carrier bricks which finish flora culture are clamped between the downstream clamping strips for fixing, and the straw bundles are ensured to be parallel to the water flow direction, and then the straw carrier bricks are soaked by water flow. The method effectively removes nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the aquaculture wastewater. The invention also discloses a straw carrier brick.

Description

Ecological transformation method for drainage ditch of aquaculture pond and straw carrier brick

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, and particularly relates to an ecological modification method of a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond and a straw carrier brick.

Background

Due to different agricultural production forms, the types and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants contained in the discharged agricultural production wastewater are also greatly different. Wherein nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution caused by planting industries such as paddy rice and vegetable planting mainly comprises ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and granular phosphorus; in the breeding industry, particularly the breeding of fishes, shrimps and aquatic birds which are mainly fed with protein feeds, nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution caused by the protein and phosphorus non-point source pollution is mainly ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus.

At present, in order to deal with the non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural production, an ecological agricultural drainage canal is mainly constructed or is subjected to ecological transformation aiming at an existing agricultural drainage canal system, so that the drainage canal is in wetland, and nitrogen and phosphorus carried in the agricultural production drainage are absorbed, degraded and solidified in a large amount. The ecological agriculture drainage canal of construction or transformation mainly includes among the prior art: natural ditches, aquatic plant ditches, biological floating bed ditches and biological filler ditches.

The main ways for purifying nitrogen in the ecological agriculture drainage canal are as follows: constructing an environment suitable for at least one of aquatic plants, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria; directly absorbing ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the water body by the aquatic plants; or nitrifying the ammoniacal nitrogen in the water body by the nitrifying bacteria; or denitrifying the ammoniacal nitrogen in the water body through denitrifying flora.

The main approaches for purifying phosphorus in ecological agricultural drainage canals are the following three approaches: absorbing and depositing phosphorus through the bottom mud of the ditch; carrying out phosphorus treatment on the plants in the ditches; degrading the phosphorus by the phosphorus removing flora in the ditch.

The method for purifying nitrogen and phosphorus pollution by using the floras generally comprises the steps of constructing a biomembrane in a ditch through a carrier, namely, adopting an immobilized microorganism technology to ensure that microorganisms are not suspended in water, keep the bioactivity and can be repeatedly utilized. The biomembrane is an aggregate with organized growth of microorganisms, and is a bacterial aggregate membrane formed by irreversibly attaching bacteria to the surface of an inert or active entity, reproducing, differentiating, secreting a plurality of polysaccharide matrixes and wrapping a thallus community in the bacterial aggregate membrane; a single biofilm may be formed by one or more different microorganisms. At present, common carriers for constructing the biological membrane can be divided into inorganic carriers, organic polymer carriers and composite carriers 3. Inorganic carriers such as porous glass, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, quartz sand, etc. Organic carriers can also be divided into two categories: one is high molecular gel carrier, such as agar, carrageenan and calcium alginate; another class of organic synthetic polymeric gel carriers, such as polyacrylamide gel, polyvinyl alcohol gel, photohardening resin, polyacrylic acid gel, and the like. The composite carrier is formed by combining an inorganic carrier and an organic carrier material, so that the performances of the two materials are complementary, and the superiority of the composite carrier material is displayed.

However, studies have found that: the ecological ditch depends on bottom mud in the ditch to adsorb and deposit phosphorus in a water body, the bottom mud needs to be removed periodically to remove phosphorus, otherwise, accumulated phosphorus can be released to cause secondary pollution; most granular phosphorus exists in the form of inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus compounds, and the aquatic plants cannot directly absorb the phosphorus ions because the aquatic plants mainly absorb phosphate ions in the growth process and the absorption efficiency is influenced by the growth condition of the plants; if phosphorus removal is carried out by the phosphorus removal microorganisms, carriers suitable for biofilm growth of the phosphorus removal microorganisms must be arranged for the phosphorus removal microorganisms, and an anaerobic environment needs to be created. In the ecological ditches, the total amount of phosphorus removal microorganisms is small and the phosphorus removal effect is limited due to the limitation of environmental conditions. Generally speaking, in the production process of the planting industry, because the sediment dug out by the ecological ditch can be used as farmyard manure to be applied to farmlands, farmers can still have certain enthusiasm, and the phosphorus control effect can be barely achieved. However, in the wastewater discharged by the aquaculture industry, the phosphorus contained in the wastewater is mostly biomass organic phosphorus, so the phosphorus removal effect is poor, and farmers do not have a motivation to dig bottom mud and return the bottom mud to the field, and are easy to cause secondary pollution of phosphorus, so the phosphorus control effect of the ecological ditches on the wastewater in the aquaculture pond is poor.

Meanwhile, as the aquaculture pond, particularly the large-area aquaculture pond, in order to reduce the floor area of the drainage ditch and ensure the section area of the drainage ditch under the condition of extreme rainfall, a hardened large-depth vertical drainage ditch is generally adopted; the seed trench is narrow and deep, and algae are not easy to explode in the environment without basically irradiating sunlight; and because the culture pond can change a large amount of water regularly, the ditch bottom is difficult to form stable bottom mud, and the improvement of the plant ecological ditch is not suitable. Therefore, the drainage channel of the aquaculture pond is not suitable for ecological reconstruction by adopting aquatic plants and algae.

Disclosure of Invention

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide an ecological reconstruction method for a drainage canal of an aquaculture pond, and a biological membrane of denitrifying flora and phosphorus removing flora is constructed in the drainage canal by the method, so that nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in aquaculture wastewater are effectively removed.

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a straw carrier brick suitable for the ecological transformation method.

In order to achieve the first object, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

an ecological reconstruction method for a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond comprises the following steps:

(1) manufacturing a straw carrier brick comprising straw bundles and a carrier brick; the carrier brick is a cuboid fly ash ceramsite brick, and a plum blossom through hole is formed in the largest rectangular surface of the carrier brick; the quincuncial through holes comprise central through holes with larger diameters and peripheral through holes with smaller diameters, and the peripheral through holes are distributed around the central through holes; inserting the straw bundles into the central through hole and penetrating out of the central through hole from front to back, namely completing the manufacture of the straw carrier brick;

(2) soaking the straw carrier brick into an enriched culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removal flora for flora culture;

(3) according to the set distance of the straw carrier bricks, arranging water-following clamping strips at the bottom of the drainage ditch, vertically clamping the straw carrier bricks with downward long edges or downward short edges for fixing, ensuring that the straw bundles are parallel to the water flow direction, and soaking the straw carrier bricks by water flow.

The hardened large-depth vertical drainage channel of the aquaculture pond has the characteristics of being narrow and deep, namely, the drainage channel is in a lightless environment, algae are not easy to explode, and the aquaculture wastewater is low in oxygen content, so that an anaerobic environment is easy to form; the invention utilizes the anaerobic environment, combines the characteristics of the culture discharged wastewater, selects a proper carrier based on the characteristics that most of denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removing bacteria are anaerobic organisms and can grow together with the phosphorus removing bacteria, adopts a proper means to form a biological film on the carrier, and efficiently removes nitrogen and phosphorus from the culture wastewater through the denitrifying bacteria and the phosphorus removing bacteria on the biological film. However, through experiments, the inventor finds that the common biomembrane carrier is not suitable for a culture wastewater drainage ditch for the following reasons: 1. the water quantity and the flow rate of the culture wastewater drainage channel are large, and the carrier can not locate microorganisms in a limited space region under the condition and enable the microorganisms to form a biological film; 2. the above-mentioned carriers cannot provide sufficient carbon source for denitrifying bacteria to carry out denitrification reaction of nitrate nitrogen.

Therefore, the inventor obtains a scheme for transforming the drainage channel of the aquaculture pond by adopting the straw carrier bricks through a plurality of tests; wherein:

the straw bundle can provide mineral elements necessary for the growth of microorganisms, and organic carbon released in the infiltration process is used as a denitrification carbon source to maintain the long-term activity of flora. Meanwhile, metal ions in the straw leachate can provide active centers for enzymes required by denitrifying bacteria for denitrification, so that the denitrification rate is increased.

The inventor carries out leaching tests on the dry straws, and the results show that other leachates mainly contain major elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, silicon, phosphorus and the like required by the growth of microorganisms and also contain trace elements such as barium, zinc and the like besides high organic carbon leaching, namely the main components of the straw leachate are nutrient elements and trace elements required by the growth of microorganisms. Meanwhile, after the dry straw was soaked for a long time (more than 30 days), no harmful substances were detected in the water.

Secondly, the fly ash ceramsite brick produced by the non-fired fly ash ceramsite production process is used as a carrier brick, has a large specific surface area, is beneficial to the growth of nitrobacteria on the surface of the fly ash ceramsite brick, can obtain a high nitrobacteria concentration, and has a strong ammonia nitrogen removal effect; and the inorganic carbon carried in the fly ash can be used as a denitrification carbon source. Meanwhile, calcium oxide in the fly ash ceramsite brick can generate precipitates for phosphorus, aluminum oxide and ferric oxide can absorb phosphorus, and the calcium-aluminum-iron composite oxide is an important phosphorus absorbent.

The invention firstly carries out flora culture treatment on the straw carrier brick, which is beneficial to accelerating the speed of biomembrane formation after the straw carrier brick is placed in the drainage ditch, so that nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed after the straw carrier brick is placed.

And fourthly, after the straw carrier bricks are arranged at the bottom of the drainage ditch, the central through holes of the plum blossom holes are blocked by the straw bundles, and water flow is forced to flow from the peripheral through holes around the central through holes and the flow speed is slowed down, so that the water flow is fully contacted with the straw bundles, a biological film formed on the straw bundles is favorable for fully absorbing and converting nitrogen and phosphorus in the water flow, and the absorption and conversion efficiency is promoted.

In the process of arranging the straw carrier bricks in the drainage ditch, the invention ensures that the time for the straw carrier bricks to leave the enriched culture solution, to be placed into the drainage ditch and to be completely soaked by water flow cannot exceed 30 min.

Before the straw carrier brick is manufactured, the straws need to be sampled and detected, and whether the straw carrier brick contains toxic and harmful substances such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium and the like which have toxic and harmful effects on microorganisms is detected.

The carrier brick is the same as a standard brick in size, 240mm in length, 115mm in width and 53mm in height, wherein two groups of plum blossom-shaped through holes are arranged on the largest rectangular surface, and 6 peripheral through holes are uniformly distributed around the central through hole; the diameter of the central through hole is 50mm, and the diameter of the peripheral through hole is 20 mm.

The manufacturing method of the straw carrier brick comprises the following steps: cleaning, airing and cutting straws, wherein the length of each section is 25 cm; taking a bundle of straw sections with the virtual bundle diameter of 10cm, and binding the bundle of straw sections with hemp ropes by force to tighten the bundle of straw to the diameter of less than 5 cm; and then, the bound and tightened straw bundles pass through the central through hole, after the straw bundles are aligned in the middle, the hemp ropes are loosened and drawn out, and the straw carrier brick is manufactured.

The flora culture is specifically that the straw carrier brick is soaked in an enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removing flora, and is soaked for 72 hours in a shading mode at the temperature of 5-35 ℃, and the enrichment culture solution is in a circulating state in the soaking process.

The downstream clamping strip is a trapezoidal clamping strip made of concrete and is arranged along water flow.

The length of the downstream blocking strip is determined according to the front-back distance of the straw carrier brick at the bottom of the drainage ditch; when the drainage flow is small, the length of the downstream clamping strip is 30-40 cm; when the drainage flow is larger, the length of the water blocking strip is shortened to 20-30 cm, so that the density of the straw carrier brick in the drainage ditch is controlled.

Furthermore, after the ecological modification of the drainage channel of the aquaculture pond, the invention also comprises the management of the drainage channel; the management comprises the following steps: (1) ensuring that the straw carrier brick is always in a complete soaked state by water flow in the drainage ditch; in the ditch, if the water quantity can not be ensured, a small water blocking block with a certain height can be arranged at the downstream end to lift the water level in the ditch; (2) replacing the straw carrier brick regularly: generally, in high-temperature seasons, one complete rotation is performed for about 60-90 days; in low-temperature seasons, the straw carrier brick can be replaced according to the consumption condition of the straws on the straw carrier brick; (3) replacing the straw carrier bricks in batches: the straw stalks are strongly decomposed in the initial stage of soaking in water, so that more organic carbon is infiltrated and leached, but at the moment, because the straw stalks do not form a complete covered biological film, the total amount of the biological film taking denitrifying bacteria as a main body is smaller, and the total utilization amount of the organic carbon is lower, the replacement of the straw carrier brick follows the principle of batch replacement, and the replacement amount at one time is controlled within one third of the total amount, so that the organic carbon in the straw leaching solution can be effectively applied.

In order to achieve the second object, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a straw carrier brick suitable for the ecological reconstruction method, which is characterized by comprising straw bundles and a carrier brick; the carrier brick is a fly ash ceramsite brick, and is provided with a plum blossom through hole, wherein the plum blossom through hole comprises a central through hole with a larger diameter and peripheral through holes with a smaller diameter, which are distributed around the central through hole; the straw bundles are inserted into the central through hole and penetrate out from the front and the back of the central through hole.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the method adopts the straw carrier bricks as carriers to construct the biomembrane of the denitrifying flora and the phosphorus removing flora in the drainage canal of the aquaculture pond, and the denitrifying flora and the phosphorus removing flora on the biomembrane are used for efficiently removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the aquaculture wastewater.

Wherein, the invention provides mineral elements necessary for the growth of flora and provides denitrification carbon source by using straw bundles; the fly ash ceramsite brick provides a surface which is beneficial to the growth of nitrobacteria, provides an inorganic carbon source and helps to purify phosphorus pollutants in wastewater. In addition, the straw bundle is promoted to form a biological film by utilizing the structure of the plum blossom-shaped through holes, and the absorption and conversion efficiency is promoted.

The method is fully suitable for hardening the condition that the bottom mud in the vertical drainage ditch is shallow or even has no bottom mud; the condition of extremely low oxygen content in the breeding discharged wastewater is fully and reasonably utilized; effectively aiming at the characteristics of nitrate nitrogen and biomass phosphorus in the culture discharge wastewater and effectively removing the nitrate nitrogen and the biomass phosphorus.

In addition, the method has simple construction and management, and the reconstruction of the ditch is less, so the reconstruction cost is lower.

2. The straw carrier brick has simple structure and manufacturing method, can be used as a carrier to contribute to the construction of a biological membrane in the ecological modification process of a culture pond, and ensures that nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in culture wastewater are purified.

3. Meanwhile, the straw stalks are common wastes in agricultural production, but the recycling way and the utilization rate of the straw stalks in China are low at present, most of the stalks are discarded or burned, so that huge resource waste is caused, and new environmental pollution is brought; therefore, the straw is applied to agricultural production activities on site, and is a mode conforming to ecological agricultural production, and pollution of new environment is prevented.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a carrier block of example 1;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the carrier block of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the twined straw bundle of example 1 through a central through-hole;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the straw bundle of example 1 passing through a central through-hole;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the placement of the rice straw carrier block with the long sides of the rice straw carrier block facing downward in a drainage canal;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the placement of the short side of the rice straw carrier brick downward along the water-engaging strips in a drainage canal;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the long side of the straw carrier block being laid down (the straw bundles in the straw carrier block are not shown);

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the short side of the straw carrier block being laid down (the straw bundles in the straw carrier block are not shown);

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the clamping strips along the water and the long sides of the straw carrier bricks downward in the drainage canal;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the completion of the arrangement of the straw carrier bricks with the water-blocking strips and the short edges of the straw carrier bricks downward in the drainage canal;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of water flow in a drain channel.

Reference numerals: 1-straw carrier brick; 2-straw bundle; 3-a carrier brick; 4-a central through hole; 5-peripheral through holes; 7-water-flowing clamping strip.

Detailed Description

The following examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to only the following examples. The objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the ordinary skilled person in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention and the ranges of the parameters.

Carry out ecological transformation to the sclerosis drainage canal in breed aquatics pond, concrete step is:

(1) detection of straw

In order to avoid that the straws contain toxic and harmful substances such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium and the like which have toxic and harmful effects on microorganisms, the straws need to be sampled and detected, and if the straws contain the toxic and harmful substances, the straws cannot be used.

(2) Production of rice straw carrier brick

The straw carrier brick 1 comprises a straw bundle 2 and a carrier brick 3;

the carrier brick is a fly ash ceramsite brick, as shown in figures 1-3, the carrier brick is a cuboid with the length of 240mm, the width of 115mm and the height of 53mm, and two groups of plum blossom-shaped through holes are arranged on the largest rectangular surface; the group of plum blossom-shaped through holes consists of a central through hole 4 and six peripheral through holes 5; the six peripheral through holes 5 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the central through hole 4, wherein the upper and lower edges of the central through hole 4 are respectively provided with one peripheral through hole 5 along the axis; the diameter of the central through hole is 50mm, and the diameter of the peripheral through hole is 20 mm.

The steps of manufacturing the straw bundle 2 are as follows: cleaning, airing and cutting straws into sections, wherein the length of each section is about 250 mm; a bundle of straw sections with the diameter of 10cm is taken, and is bound by hemp ropes 6 with strength, so that the straw bundle 2 is tightened to the diameter within 5 cm; and then, as shown in fig. 4, the bound and tightened straw bundle 2 passes through the central through hole 4 of the plum blossom-shaped through hole, after the straw bundle 2 is aligned with the central through hole 4 in the middle, the hemp rope 6 is loosened and drawn out, and as shown in fig. 5-6, the straw carrier brick 1 is manufactured.

(3) Culture of bacterial flora

Soaking the straw carrier brick into an enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removing flora, and soaking for 72 hours in a shading mode at the temperature of 5-35 ℃. In the soaking process, the enriched culture solution is ensured to be in a circulating state, namely the enriched culture solution is kept in a circulating flowing state in a culture instrument.

(4) Arrangement of rice straw carrier brick

Firstly, placing a trapezoidal downstream water blocking strip 7 made of concrete, wherein the downstream water blocking strips with different lengths are selected according to the water discharge so as to control the density of the straw carrier brick: when the drainage flow is small, the length of the downstream clamping strip is 30-40 cm; when the drainage flow is large, the length of the water flowing clamping strip is shortened to 20-30 cm; then, as shown in fig. 7-8, arranging water guiding clamping strips 7 at the bottom of a hardened large-depth vertical drainage ditch of the aquaculture pond according to the condition that the long edges of the straw carrier bricks are downward or the short edges of the straw carrier bricks are downward;

then, as shown in fig. 9-10, vertically clamping the long side or short side of the straw carrier brick with the flora culture completed downwards between the water-flowing clamping strips for fixing, ensuring that the straw bundles are parallel to the water flow direction, and finally arranging the straw carrier brick as shown in fig. 11-12; the rice straw carrier brick leaves the enriched culture solution and is placed into a drainage ditch, and the time for completely soaking the ditch by water flow cannot exceed 30 minutes.

As shown in fig. 13, the straw bundles block the central hole of the quincuncial hole (taking the schematic water flow when the long sides of the straw carrier bricks are placed downward as an example), the water flow is forced to flow from the peripheral holes around the central hole, the flow speed is reduced, the water flow is fully contacted with the straw bundles, and the straw bundles are favorable for fully absorbing and converting nitrogen and phosphorus in the water flow after film hanging, so that the absorption and conversion efficiency is improved.

(5) Management of drainage canals

Ensuring that the straw carrier brick is always in a complete soaked state by water flow in the drainage ditch; if necessary, a small water block with a certain height is arranged at the downstream end to lift the water level in the ditch;

replacing the straw carrier brick regularly: generally, complete rotation is performed for about 60-90 days in high-temperature seasons; in low-temperature seasons, the straw carrier brick can be replaced according to the consumption condition of the straws on the straw carrier brick;

replacing the straw carrier bricks in batches: the replacement of the straw carrier brick follows the principle of batch replacement, and the replacement amount at one time is controlled within one third of the total amount so as to ensure that the organic carbon in the straw leachate can be effectively applied.

In addition, the replaced carrier brick can be applied to a drainage ditch again according to the steps after concentrated dephosphorization and sterilization treatment, or can be used as an outdoor building material after being dried without dephosphorization treatment, and is suitable for farmland facilities.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The above-described embodiments of the present invention are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications to the above embodiments according to the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological reconstruction method of a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(2) soaking the straw carrier brick into an enriched culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removing flora for flora culture;

2. An ecological modification method for a drainage canal of an aquaculture pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time period from the time when the straw carrier bricks leave the enriched culture solution to the time when the straw carrier bricks are laid in the drainage canal and are completely soaked by the water flow is not more than 30min during the process of arranging the straw carrier bricks in the drainage canal.

3. The ecological reconstruction method for the drainage canal of the aquaculture pond as claimed in claim 2, wherein the straw carrier brick is prepared by sampling and detecting substances in the straw which have toxic effects on microorganisms.

4. The ecological reconstruction method of the drainage channel of the aquaculture pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier brick has the same size as the standard brick, the length is 240mm, the width is 115mm, and the height is 53mm, wherein two groups of plum blossom-shaped through holes are arranged on the largest rectangular surface, and 6 peripheral through holes are uniformly distributed around the central through hole; the diameter of the central through hole is 50mm, and the diameter of the peripheral through hole is 20 mm.

5. An ecological reconstruction method for a drainage canal of an aquaculture pond as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the manufacturing method of the straw carrier brick comprises the following steps: cleaning, airing and cutting straws, wherein the length of each section is 25 cm; taking a bundle of straw sections with the virtual bundle diameter of 10cm, and binding the bundle of straw sections with hemp ropes by force to tighten the bundle of straw to the diameter of less than 5 cm; and then, the bound and tightened straw bundles pass through the central through hole, after the straw bundles are aligned in the middle, the hemp ropes are loosened and drawn out, and the straw carrier brick is manufactured.

6. The ecological reconstruction method for the drainage canal of the aquaculture pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flora culture is carried out by soaking the straw carrier brick in an enriched culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus removing flora, and soaking in shade for 72 hours at the temperature of 5-35 ℃, and the enriched culture solution is in a circulating state during the soaking process.

7. The ecological reconstruction method for the drainage channel of the aquaculture pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the downstream blocking strip is a trapezoidal blocking strip made of concrete and is placed along the water flow.

8. The ecological reconstruction method for the drainage canal of the aquaculture pond as claimed in claim 7, wherein the length of the downstream clamping strip is determined according to the front-back distance of the straw carrier brick at the bottom of the drainage canal; when the drainage flow is small, the length of the downstream clamping strip is 30-40 cm; when the drainage flow is large, the length of the downstream clamping strip is 20-30 cm, so that the density of the straw carrier brick in the drainage ditch is controlled.

9. The ecological reconstruction method of the drainage channel of the aquaculture pond according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the management of the drainage channel after the ecological reconstruction of the drainage channel of the aquaculture pond; the management comprises the following steps: (1) ensuring that the straw carrier brick is always in a complete soaked state by water flow in the drainage ditch; (2) replacing the straw carrier brick regularly: in high-temperature seasons, one complete rotation is carried out for 60-90 days; in low-temperature seasons, the straw carrier brick can be replaced according to the consumption condition of the straws on the straw carrier brick; (3) replacing the straw carrier bricks in batches: the amount of one replacement is controlled within one third of the total amount.

10. A straw carrier brick suitable for use in the ecological modification method of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising straw bundles and a carrier brick; the carrier brick is a fly ash ceramsite brick, and is provided with plum blossom-shaped through holes, wherein the plum blossom-shaped through holes comprise a central through hole with a larger diameter and peripheral through holes with a smaller diameter, and the peripheral through holes are distributed around the central through hole; the straw bundles are inserted into the central through hole and penetrate out from the front and the back of the central through hole.