CN114956305B

CN114956305B - Ecological reconstruction method of drainage ditch of culture pond and straw carrier brick

Info

Publication number: CN114956305B
Application number: CN202111382586.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹庆; 聂毅; 胡明; 马淑仪; 林怡标
Original assignee: Guangzhou City Construction College
Current assignee: Guangzhou City Construction College
Priority date: 2021-11-19
Filing date: 2021-11-19
Publication date: 2023-09-12
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-19
Also published as: CN114956305A

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological reconstruction method of a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond, which comprises the following steps: (1) Manufacturing a straw carrier brick comprising straw bundles and carrier bricks; the carrier brick is a cuboid fly ash haydite brick, and a plum blossom through hole is formed in the largest rectangular surface of the carrier brick; the plum blossom through holes comprise central through holes and peripheral through holes distributed around the central through holes; inserting the straw bundles into the central through hole and penetrating out from the front and back of the central through hole; (2) Soaking straw carrier bricks into enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and dephosphorization bacteria for bacteria group culture; (3) According to the set distance between straw carrier bricks, arranging water-flowing clamping strips at the bottom of the drainage ditch, clamping the straw carrier bricks subjected to flora culture between the water-flowing clamping strips for fixation, ensuring that straw bundles are kept parallel to the water flow direction, and then soaking the straw carrier bricks by utilizing water flow. The method can effectively remove the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the cultivation wastewater. The invention also discloses a straw carrier brick.

Description

Ecological reconstruction method of drainage ditch of culture pond and straw carrier brick

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural non-point source pollution control, and particularly relates to an ecological reconstruction method of a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond and a straw carrier brick.

Background

Because of different agricultural production forms, the types and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants contained in the discharged agricultural production wastewater are also greatly different. The non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus brought by the planting industry, such as rice, vegetable planting and the like, mainly comprises ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and granular phosphorus; the non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by the breeding industry, especially the breeding of fish and shrimp and water poultry mainly fed with protein feed, mainly uses ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus.

At present, in order to cope with nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution of agricultural production, the main adoption mode is to construct an ecological agricultural drainage ditch or to ecologically transform the existing agricultural drainage ditch system so as to make the drainage ditch wet, thereby absorbing, degrading and solidifying a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus brought in the agricultural production drainage. The ecological agriculture drainage ditch constructed or modified in the prior art mainly comprises: natural ditches, aquatic plant ditches, biological floating bed ditches and biological filler ditches.

The main way of purifying nitrogen in the ecological agriculture drainage ditch is as follows: constructing an environment suitable for at least one of aquatic plants, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria; the aquatic plants are used for directly absorbing ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the water body; or nitrifying ammonia nitrogen in the water body through nitrifying flora; or denitrifying ammonia nitrogen in the water body through denitrifying bacteria.

The main approaches for purifying phosphorus in ecological agriculture drainage ditches are as follows: absorbing and depositing phosphorus through bottom mud of the ditch; carrying out phosphorus treatment by plants in the ditch; the phosphorus is degraded by the phosphorus removal flora in the trench.

The method for purifying nitrogen and phosphorus pollution by using flora generally comprises the steps of constructing a biological film in a ditch through a carrier, namely, adopting an immobilized microorganism technology to ensure that microorganisms are not suspended in water, keeping bioactivity and recycling. The biological film refers to an aggregate formed by the organized growth of microorganisms, and is a bacterial aggregate membranous matter formed by irreversibly attaching bacteria to the surface of an inert or active entity, propagating, differentiating and secreting a plurality of polysaccharide matrixes and wrapping a bacterial community in the polysaccharide matrixes; a single biofilm may be formed by one or more different microorganisms. The current common carriers for constructing the biological film can be divided into inorganic carriers, organic polymer carriers and composite carriers 3. Inorganic carriers such as porous glass, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, quartz sand, etc. Organic carriers can also be divided into two classes: one type is a polymer gel carrier such as agar, carrageenan, calcium alginate and the like; another type of organic synthetic polymer gel carrier, such as polyacrylamide gel, polyvinyl alcohol gel, photo-setting resin, polyacrylic acid gel, etc. The composite carrier is formed by combining an inorganic carrier and an organic carrier material, so that the performances of the two materials are complementary, and the superiority of the composite carrier material is shown.

However, studies have found that: the ecological ditch adsorbs and deposits phosphorus in the water body by means of sediment in the ditch, phosphorus removal is carried out by periodically digging out the sediment, otherwise accumulated phosphorus can be released, and secondary pollution is caused; the phosphate ions are mainly absorbed in the growth of the aquatic plants, the absorption efficiency is influenced by the growth condition of the plants, and most of granular phosphorus exists in the form of inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus compounds, so that the aquatic plants cannot directly absorb the phosphorus; if the dephosphorization is carried out by a dephosphorization microorganism, a carrier suitable for the growth of a hanging film of the dephosphorization microorganism must be arranged for the dephosphorization microorganism, and an anaerobic environment must be created. In the above-mentioned ecological ditches, the total amount of phosphorus-removing microorganisms is relatively small due to the limitation of environmental conditions, and the phosphorus-removing effect is limited. In general, in the production process of the planting industry, as the substrate sludge excavated by the ecological ditch can be used as farmyard manure to be applied back to farmlands, farmers can still have certain enthusiasm, and the phosphorus control effect can be barely achieved. However, in the wastewater discharged from the aquaculture industry, the phosphorus contained in the wastewater is mostly biomass organic phosphorus, so that the effect of removing phosphorus is poor, and farmers do not have a motivation to dig bottom mud back to the field, and secondary pollution of phosphorus is easy to occur, so that the phosphorus control effect of the ecological ditches on the wastewater of the aquaculture pond is poor.

Meanwhile, as the aquaculture pond, especially the large-area aquaculture pond, in order to reduce the occupied area of the drainage ditch and ensure the cross-sectional area of the drainage ditch in extreme precipitation, a hardened large-depth vertical drainage ditch is generally adopted; the ditches are narrow and deep, and algae are not easy to burst in the environment which is basically not irradiated by sunlight; and the culture pond can change water in a large amount at regular intervals, so that stable bottom mud is difficult to form at the bottom of the ditch, and the ecological ditch of the plant is not suitable to be transformed. Therefore, the drainage canal of the culture pond is not suitable for ecological reconstruction by adopting aquatic plants and algae.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological reconstruction method for a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond, which is used for constructing a biological film of a denitrifying flora and a dephosphorizing flora in the drainage ditch so as to effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in aquaculture wastewater.

The invention aims at providing a straw carrier brick suitable for the ecological reconstruction method.

In order to achieve the first object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an ecological reconstruction method for a drainage ditch of an aquaculture pond comprises the following steps:

(1) Manufacturing a straw carrier brick comprising straw bundles and carrier bricks; the carrier brick is a cuboid fly ash haydite brick, and a plum blossom through hole is formed in the largest rectangular surface of the carrier brick; the plum blossom through holes comprise central through holes with larger diameters and peripheral through holes with smaller diameters, wherein the peripheral through holes are distributed around the central through holes; inserting the straw bundles into the central through hole and penetrating out from the front and back of the central through hole, namely finishing the manufacture of the straw carrier bricks;

(2) Soaking straw carrier bricks into enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and dephosphorization bacteria for bacteria group culture;

(3) According to the distance between the straw carrier bricks, arranging water-flowing clamping strips at the bottom of the drainage ditch, vertically clamping the straw carrier bricks subjected to flora culture between the water-flowing clamping strips with the long sides downwards or the short sides downwards for fixing, ensuring that straw bundles are kept parallel to the water flow direction, and then soaking the straw carrier bricks by utilizing water flow.

The hardening large-depth vertical drainage ditch of the culture pond has the characteristics of narrow and deep, namely, no light environment exists in the drainage ditch, algae are not easy to burst, and the oxygen content of culture wastewater is low, so that an anaerobic environment is easy to form; the invention utilizes the anaerobic environment, combines the characteristics of the cultivation wastewater, selects proper carriers based on the characteristics that most denitrifying bacteria groups and dephosphorizing bacteria groups are anaerobic organisms and the denitrifying bacteria groups and the dephosphorizing bacteria groups can jointly grow, adopts proper means to form a biological film on the carriers, and carries out high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus removal on the cultivation wastewater through the denitrifying bacteria groups and the dephosphorizing bacteria groups on the biological film. However, the inventor found that none of the commonly used biofilm carriers are suitable for use in aquaculture wastewater drainage ditches for the following reasons: 1. the water quantity and the flow rate of the culture wastewater drainage ditch are large, and the carrier can locate microorganisms in a limited space area under the condition that the microorganisms cannot be located, so that the microorganisms form a biological film; 2. the above-mentioned carriers cannot provide a sufficient carbon source for the denitrifying bacteria to perform the denitrification of nitrate nitrogen.

Therefore, the inventor obtains a scheme of reforming the drainage ditch of the culture pond by adopting the straw carrier bricks through multiple experiments; wherein:

(1) the straw bundles can provide mineral elements necessary for the growth of microorganisms, and organic carbon released during infiltration serves as a denitrification carbon source, so that the long-term activity of the flora is maintained. Meanwhile, metal ions in the straw leachate can provide active centers for enzymes required by denitrifying bacteria to perform denitrification, so that the denitrification rate is improved.

The inventor carries out leaching experiments on dry straws, and results show that other leaches in the straw leaching solution mainly contain major elements required by the growth of microorganisms such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, silicon, phosphorus and the like, and also contain trace elements such as barium, zinc and the like, namely the main components of the straw leaching solution are nutrient elements and trace elements required by the growth of microorganisms besides higher organic carbon leaching. Meanwhile, after the dried rice straw was soaked for a long time (more than 30 days), no harmful substances were detected in the water.

(2) The fly ash ceramic tile produced by the baking-free fly ash ceramic tile production process is used as a carrier tile, has a larger specific surface area, is beneficial to the growth of nitrifying bacteria on the surface of the fly ash ceramic tile, can obtain higher nitrifying bacteria concentration, and has a stronger ammonia nitrogen removal effect; and inorganic carbon carried in the fly ash can be used as a denitrification carbon source. Meanwhile, calcium oxide in the fly ash ceramic tile can produce precipitation to phosphorus, aluminum oxide and ferric oxide can absorb phosphorus, and the calcium-aluminum-iron composite oxide is an important phosphorus absorbent.

(3) The invention firstly carries out flora culture treatment on the straw carrier bricks, which is beneficial to accelerating the biofilm coating speed of the straw carrier bricks after being placed into a drainage ditch, so that nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed after the straw carrier bricks are placed.

(4) After the straw carrier bricks are arranged at the bottom of the drainage ditch, as the straw bundles block the central through holes of the plum blossom holes, water flow is forced to flow from the peripheral through holes around the central through holes, and the flow speed is reduced, so that the water flow is fully contacted with the straw bundles, the biological film formed on the straw bundles is beneficial to fully absorbing and converting nitrogen and phosphorus in the water flow, and the absorption and conversion efficiency is promoted.

In the process of arranging the straw carrier bricks in the drainage ditch, the invention ensures that the time from the fact that the straw carrier bricks leave the enrichment culture solution to the fact that the straw carrier bricks swing into the drainage ditch and are completely soaked by water flow cannot exceed 30 minutes.

The straw carrier brick of the invention needs to sample and detect the straw before the manufacture, and specifically detects whether the straw carrier brick contains toxic and harmful substances such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium and the like which have toxic and harmful effects on microorganisms.

The carrier bricks have the same size as the standard bricks, and have the length of 240mm, the width of 115mm and the height of 53mm, wherein two groups of plum blossom through holes are formed in the largest rectangular surface, and 6 peripheral through holes are uniformly distributed around the central through hole; the diameter of the central through hole is 50mm, and the diameter of the peripheral through hole is 20mm.

The manufacturing method of the straw carrier brick comprises the following steps: cleaning rice straw, air drying, and cutting into sections, each section having a length of 25cm; taking a bundle of straw segments with the diameter of 10cm from the virtual bundle, and binding the straw segments with hemp ropes to tighten the straw bundles to the diameter of less than 5cm; and then the binding and tightening straw bundles pass through the central through hole, and after centering and aligning, the hemp ropes are loosened and pulled out, so that the straw carrier bricks are manufactured.

The bacterial colony culture is carried out by immersing straw carrier bricks into enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and dephosphorizing bacterial colonies, shading and immersing for 72 hours at 5-35 ℃, wherein the enrichment culture solution is in a circulating state in the immersing process.

The water-flowing clamping strip is a trapezoid clamping strip made of concrete and is placed along water flow.

The length of the water-following clamping strip is determined according to the front-back distance of the straw carrier bricks at the bottom of the drainage ditch; when the drainage flow is smaller, the length of the water-guiding clamping strip is 30-40 cm; when the drainage flow is large, the length of the water-guiding clamping strip is shortened to 20-30 cm, so that the density of straw carrier bricks in the drainage ditch is controlled.

Furthermore, after the ecological reconstruction of the drainage ditch of the culture pond, the ecological reconstruction method also comprises the management of the drainage ditch; the managing includes: (1) Ensuring that the straw carrier bricks are always in a completely saturated state by water flow in the drainage ditch; if the water quantity cannot be ensured in the ditch, a small water blocking block with a certain height can be arranged at the downstream end to lift the water level in the ditch; (2) periodically replacing straw carrier bricks: in the high temperature season, the complete rotation should be carried out for about 60-90 days; in low-temperature seasons, the rice straw carrier bricks can be replaced according to the rice straw consumption condition; (3) replacing straw carrier bricks in batches: because the straw stalk is decomposed strongly in the initial stage of soaking in water, more organic carbon is leached out, but at the moment, the total amount of the biological film taking denitrifying bacteria as a main body is smaller because the biological film is not formed on the straw stalk, and the total amount of the organic carbon is lower, so that the replacement of straw carrier bricks is in accordance with the principle of batch replacement, and the primary replacement amount is controlled within one third of the total amount, so that the organic carbon in the straw leaching liquid can be effectively applied.

In order to achieve the second object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the straw carrier brick suitable for the ecological transformation method is characterized by comprising straw bundles and carrier bricks; the carrier bricks are fly ash ceramic bricks, plum blossom through holes are formed in the carrier bricks, and each plum blossom through hole comprises a center through hole with a larger diameter and peripheral through holes with smaller diameters, wherein the peripheral through holes are distributed around the center through hole; straw bundles are inserted into the central through hole and pass out from the front and back of the central through hole.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the method, straw carrier bricks are used as carriers to construct biological membranes of denitrifying bacteria and dephosphorizing bacteria in the drainage ditch of the culture pond, and the denitrifying bacteria and the dephosphorizing bacteria on the biological membranes are used for efficiently removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the culture wastewater.

Wherein, the invention utilizes straw bundles to provide mineral elements necessary for the growth of flora and provide denitrification carbon sources; the fly ash ceramic tile provides a surface which is beneficial to the growth of nitrifying bacteria, provides an inorganic carbon source and helps to purify phosphorus pollutants in wastewater. In addition, the invention utilizes the structure of the plum blossom through holes to promote the formation of a biological film on the straw bundles and promote the absorption and conversion efficiency.

The method is fully suitable for hardening the condition that the bottom mud in the vertical drainage ditch is shallow and even has no bottom mud; fully and reasonably utilizing the condition of extremely low oxygen content in the cultivation wastewater; the method is effective in eliminating nitrate nitrogen and biomass phosphorus in the wastewater discharged by cultivation.

In addition, the method disclosed by the invention is simple in construction and management, and less in transformation of the ditch is needed, so that the transformation cost is low.

2. The straw carrier brick has simple structure and manufacturing method, can be used as a carrier to help the construction of a biological film in the ecological reconstruction process of the culture pond, and ensures that nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the culture wastewater are purified.

3. Meanwhile, the straw stalk is a common waste in agricultural production, and the reutilization way and the utilization rate of the straw stalk in China are low at present, most of the straw stalk is discarded or burnt, so that huge resource waste is caused, and new environmental pollution is brought; therefore, in the invention, the straw is applied to the agricultural production activity on site, which is a mode conforming to ecological agricultural production and prevents the pollution of new environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the carrier tile of example 1;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the carrier tile of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the rope lashed straw bundle of example 1 passing through the central through hole;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the straw bundle passing through the central through hole in example 1;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the placement of the longitudinal sides of straw carrier bricks down along the water-retaining strips in the drain channel;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the placement of the down-the-side of straw carrier bricks in a drain ditch with the water-retaining strips engaged;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the long side of the straw carrier brick laid down (straw bundles in the straw carrier brick are not shown);

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the short sides of the straw carrier bricks laid down (straw bundles in the straw carrier bricks are not shown);

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the placement of the clip strips and the long sides of the straw carrier bricks down in the drain channel;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the placement of the clip strips down the short sides of straw carrier bricks in a drain trench;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of water flow in a drain channel.

Reference numerals: 1-straw carrier bricks; 2-straw bundles; 3-carrier bricks; 4-a central through hole; 5-peripheral through holes; 7-water blocking strips.

Detailed Description

The following examples are only for illustration of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples. The object of the present invention can be achieved by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure of the present invention and the ranges taken by the parameters.

Ecological reconstruction is carried out on the hardened drain ditch of the culture pond, and the concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Detection of straw

In order to avoid that the straw contains toxic and harmful substances such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium and the like which have toxic and harmful effects on microorganisms, the straw needs to be sampled and detected, and if the straw contains the toxic and harmful substances, the straw cannot be used.

(2) Manufacture of straw carrier brick

The straw carrier brick 1 comprises straw bundles 2 and carrier bricks 3;

the carrier brick is a fly ash haydite brick, and is a cuboid with the length of 240mm, the width of 115mm and the height of 53mm as shown in figures 1-3, wherein two groups of plum blossom through holes are arranged on the largest rectangular surface; the plum blossom through holes consist of a central through hole 4 and six peripheral through holes 5; six peripheral through holes 5 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the central through hole 4, wherein the upper and lower edges of the central through hole 4 are respectively provided with one peripheral through hole 5; the central through hole diameter is 50mm and the peripheral through hole diameter is 20mm.

The step of manufacturing straw bundles 2: cleaning rice straw, air drying, and cutting into sections, each section having a length of about 250 mm; taking a bundle of straw segments with the diameter of 10cm from the virtual bundle, and binding the straw segments with a hemp rope 6 with force to tighten the straw bundles 2 to the diameter of less than 5cm; then, as shown in fig. 4, the straw bundle 2 with the binding and tightening is passed through the central through hole 4 of the plum blossom through hole, after the straw bundle 2 is aligned with the center through hole 4 in the middle, the hemp rope 6 is loosened and pulled out, and as shown in fig. 5-6, the straw carrier brick 1 is manufactured.

(3) Culturing of bacterial flora

Soaking the straw carrier bricks into enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and dephosphorizing bacteria, and shading and soaking for 72 hours at the temperature of 5-35 ℃. In the soaking process, the enrichment culture solution is ensured to be in a circulating state, namely, the enrichment culture solution is kept in a circulating flowing state in a culture instrument.

(4) Placing of straw carrier bricks

Firstly, placing trapezoid water blocking strips 7 made of concrete, wherein the water blocking strips with different lengths are selected according to the drainage amount so as to control the density of the straw carrier bricks: when the drainage flow is smaller, the length of the water-guiding clamping strip is 30-40 cm; when the drainage flow is large, the length of the water-guiding clamping strip is shortened to 20-30 cm; then as shown in figures 7-8, arranging a water-guiding clamping strip 7 at the bottom of the hardened large-depth vertical drainage ditch of the culture pond according to the condition that the long side of the straw carrier bricks are downward or the short side of the straw carrier bricks are downward;

then as shown in figures 9-10, vertically clamping long sides or short sides of the straw carrier bricks subjected to flora culture between the parallel water clamping strips downwards for fixing, ensuring that straw bundles are kept parallel to the water flow direction, and finally arranging the straw carrier bricks as shown in figures 11-12; the straw carrier bricks leave the enriched culture solution until they are placed in the drain ditch and the ditch is completely saturated with water flow for no more than 30 minutes.

As shown in fig. 13, the water flow schematic diagram (taking the water flow schematic diagram when the long side of the straw carrier brick is placed downwards as an example) is that the straw bundles block the central hole of the plum blossom hole, the water flow is forced to flow from the peripheral holes around the central hole, the flow speed is reduced, the water flow is fully contacted with the straw bundles, the nitrogen and the phosphorus in the water flow are fully absorbed and converted after the straw bundles are coated, and the absorption and the conversion efficiency are promoted.

(5) Management of drain ditches

Ensuring that the straw carrier bricks are always in a completely saturated state by water flow in the drainage ditch; if necessary, arranging a small water stop block with a certain height at the downstream end to lift the water level in the ditch;

and (3) replacing straw carrier bricks regularly: in the high temperature season, the complete rotation should be carried out for about 60-90 days; in low-temperature seasons, the rice straw carrier bricks can be replaced according to the rice straw consumption condition;

replacing straw carrier bricks in batches: the replacement of the straw carrier bricks should follow the principle of batch replacement, and the primary replacement amount should be controlled within one third of the total amount so as to ensure that the organic carbon in the straw leaching liquid can be effectively applied.

In addition, the replaced carrier bricks can be applied to the drainage ditch again according to the steps after concentrated dephosphorization and sterilization treatment, or can be used as an outdoor building material after being dried in the air, and is suitable for farmland facilities.

The present invention may be summarized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The above-described embodiments of the present invention are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The ecological reconstruction method of the drainage ditch of the culture pond is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(2) Soaking the straw carrier bricks into an enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and dephosphorizing bacteria for bacteria group culture so as to accelerate the biofilm forming speed of the straw carrier bricks after the straw carrier bricks are placed into a drainage ditch;

(3) Arranging water-flowing clamping strips at the bottom of the drainage ditch according to the set distance between straw carrier bricks, vertically clamping the straw carrier bricks subjected to flora culture between the water-flowing clamping strips with the long sides downwards or the short sides downwards for fixing, ensuring that straw bundles are kept parallel to the water flow direction, and then soaking the straw carrier bricks by utilizing water flow; when the water flow passes through the straw carrier bricks, the straw bundles block the central through holes of the plum blossom holes and are forced to flow from the peripheral through holes around the central through holes, so that the flow speed is reduced, the water flow is fully contacted with the straw bundles, and the biological film formed on the straw bundles fully absorbs and converts nitrogen and phosphorus in the water flow.

2. The method for ecologically modifying a drain and a ditch of an aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein in the process of arranging straw carrier bricks in the drain and ditch, the time from the fact that the straw carrier bricks leave the enriched culture solution to the fact that the straw carrier bricks swing into the drain and are completely soaked by water flow is ensured to be no more than 30min.

3. The method for ecologically modifying a drain and a ditch of an aquaculture pond according to claim 2, wherein the straw carrier bricks are used for sampling and detecting substances with toxic effects on microorganisms in straw before the production.

4. The ecological reconstruction method of the drainage canal of the aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein the carrier bricks have the same size as standard bricks, the length is 240mm, the width is 115mm, and the height is 53mm, wherein two groups of plum blossom through holes are arranged on the largest rectangular surface, and 6 peripheral through holes are uniformly distributed around the central through hole; the diameter of the central through hole is 50mm, and the diameter of the peripheral through hole is 20mm.

5. The ecological reconstruction method of the drainage canal of the culture pond according to claim 4, wherein the manufacturing method of the straw carrier brick is as follows: cleaning rice straw, air drying, and cutting into sections, each section having a length of 25cm; taking a bundle of straw segments with the diameter of 10cm from the virtual bundle, and binding the straw segments with hemp ropes to tighten the straw bundles to the diameter of less than 5cm; and then the binding and tightening straw bundles pass through the central through hole, and after centering and aligning, the hemp ropes are loosened and pulled out, so that the straw carrier bricks are manufactured.

6. The ecological reconstruction method of the drainage canal of the aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein the flora culture is characterized in that straw carrier bricks are soaked in enrichment culture solution of activated sludge denitrifying bacteria and dephosphorization flora, shading is carried out for 72 hours at the temperature of 5-35 ℃, and the enrichment culture solution is in a circulating state in the soaking process.

7. The method for ecologically modifying a drain ditch of an aquaculture pond according to claim 1, wherein the water-flowing clamping strips are trapezoid clamping strips made of concrete and are placed along water flow.

8. The method for ecologically modifying a drain ditch of an aquaculture pond according to claim 7, wherein the length of the downstream clip strip is determined according to the front-rear distance between straw carrier bricks at the bottom of the drain ditch; when the drainage flow is smaller, the length of the water-guiding clamping strip is 30-40 cm; when the drainage flow is large, the length of the water-guiding clamping strip is 20-30 cm, so that the density of straw carrier bricks in the drainage ditch is controlled.

9. The method for ecologically reforming a drainage ditch in an aquaculture pond according to any one of claims 1-8, further comprising managing the drainage ditch after ecologically reforming the drainage ditch in the aquaculture pond; the managing includes: (1) Ensuring that the straw carrier bricks are always in a completely saturated state by water flow in the drainage ditch; (2) periodically replacing straw carrier bricks: in the high-temperature season, the complete rotation is carried out once in 60-90 days; in the low-temperature season, replacing according to the consumption condition of the straws on the straw carrier bricks; (3) replacing straw carrier bricks in batches: the amount of one replacement should be controlled within one third of the total amount.

10. A straw carrier tile suitable for use in the ecological modification method of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising bundles of straw and carrier tiles; the carrier bricks are fly ash ceramic bricks, plum blossom through holes are formed in the carrier bricks, and each plum blossom through hole comprises a center through hole with a larger diameter and peripheral through holes with smaller diameters, wherein the peripheral through holes are distributed around the center through hole; straw bundles are inserted into the central through hole and pass out from the front and back of the central through hole.