CN112136152A - 由观看设备的部件变形导致的图像校正 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种显示组件在选择位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看虚拟对象的眼睛具有预期的注视方向。检测该显示组件的变形。该变形使虚拟对象可在改变后的位置是可观看的,其中,眼睛具有改变后的注视方向。可以在校正后的位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看在校正后的位置处的虚拟对象的眼睛具有校正后的注视方向,该校正后的注视方向与改变后的注视方向相比更靠近预期的注视方向地移动。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张2018年3月15日提交的序列号为62/643,672美国临时专利申请的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入此文。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及观看设备以及显示渲染内容的方法,更具体地,涉及检测和校正观看设备的部件的变形。
背景技术
提供渲染图像的观看设备已广泛用于计算、娱乐和其他目的。观看设备通常是具有用于渲染图像的显示器的可穿戴设备,并且可以包括各种特征,诸如使用户看到三维图像,在真实世界环境内固定用户位置的情况下使用户看到真实世界环境内的渲染或使用户看到真实世界环境内的渲染而无需在真实世界环境内固定用户位置的能力,以及向用户显示视频或其他移动的渲染。
观看设备具有各种部件,这些部件在使用一段时间之后会发生变形。当这些部件变形时,渲染的虚拟对象在观看设备仍是新的时可能不在其原始位置。例如,后台应用可以在相对于观看设备的固定位置或相对于用户周围的真实世界对象的固定位置显示虚拟对象。在一些情况下,观看设备可以具有透视显示器,使得用户可以看到真实世界的对象,并且可以在相对于真实世界对象的固定位置感知渲染对象。例如,用户可以感知真实世界桌子上渲染的咖啡杯。当观看设备的部件发生变形时,咖啡杯可能不再被渲染为位于桌子上,而是漂浮在桌子上方某一距离处。因此,咖啡杯不会以对现实真实的方式向用户显示。另外,如果将咖啡杯用作用户与后台应用交互的界面元素,则在后台应用期望咖啡杯所在的位置与用户与咖啡杯交互的位置之间可能存在失配。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于显示渲染内容的观看设备,包括:显示组件,其被配置为在所述显示组件上的选择位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看所述虚拟对象的眼睛具有预期的注视方向;以及变形检测系统,其被连接到所述显示组件,并被配置为检测观看所述显示组件上的所述虚拟对象的眼睛的所测量的注视方向,并基于所测量的注视方向是不同于所述预期的注视方向的改变后的注视方向来计算所述显示组件的变形。
本发明还提供了一种显示渲染内容的方法,包括:借助显示组件在所述显示组件上的选择位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看所述虚拟对象的眼睛具有预期的注视方向;以及检测所述显示组件的变形,其中,所述变形使所述虚拟对象在改变后的位置处是可见的,其中,所述眼睛具有改变后的注视方向。
附图说明
通过示例进一步描述本发明,其中:
图1是示出了根据本发明的实施例的观看设备的框图,该观看设备向用户的眼睛显示渲染内容;
图2A是眼睛和观看设备的光学显示器的透视图,其中,光学显示器未变形;
图2B是类似于图2A的视图,其中,光学显示器已变形;
图3A是示出了如何建立渲染对象的位置的透视图;
图3B和3C是示出了如何移动渲染对象的正视图;
图3D是示出了能够如何使用激光投影仪提供的不同插入角度来移动渲染对象的位置的俯视平面图;
图4是示出了可能的注视矢量误差的透视图;
图5A至图5D示出了用于确定虚拟对象的可能位置和虚拟对象的增量移动以校正其位移的统计方法;
图6A至6C示出了由于显示器变形导致的虚拟对象的运动以及虚拟对象的移动的校正;
图7A至7E示出了由于显示器变形导致的虚拟对象的移动以及注视角的对应的变化(图7A至7B),眼睛跟踪相机的变形对所计算的注视角的影响(图7C和7D),以及注视角的校正(图7E);
图8A至8D示出了虚拟对象的移动以及注视矢量的对应变化(图8A和8B),以及眼睛跟踪相机的变形对所计算的注视角的影响(图8C和8D);
图9示出了一种矫正图8D所示的注视角的合成(resultant)变化的解决方案;
图10A至10C示出了与图9不同的矫正图8D中的合成注视角的解决方案;
图11是类似于图1的视图,进一步示出了用于集成图10A至10C所示过程的观看设备的参考系统;
图12是示出观看设备的功能的流程图;以及
图13是根据本发明的一个实施例的可以在本发明的系统中找到应用的计算机形式的机器的框图。
具体实施方式
附图中的图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的观看设备20,该观看设备用于向用户的眼睛22显示渲染内容。观看设备20包括显示组件24、变形检测系统26、用户输入设备28和校正系统30。
显示组件24包括彼此直接或间接连接的视频数据接收器32、投影仪34和光学显示器36。显示组件24包括可固定到用户的头部的结构(未示出),其中光学显示器36位于用户的眼睛22前方。光学显示器36是透明部件,其允许眼睛22看到光学显示器36后面的真实世界中的对象,并且可以同时向用户投射虚拟图像,以使得与真实和虚拟对象相关联的光对于用户是可见的。
视频数据接收器32被连接到或可被连接到承载像素的颜色和强度值的视频数据通道。投影仪34具有能够基于视频数据创建二维图案的激光器和扫描仪。光学显示器36位于投影仪34的激光器的位置处,以将激光耦入光学显示器36内。然后,激光传播通过光学显示器36,并通过光学显示器36的光瞳朝着眼睛22从光学显示器36射出。眼睛22因此接收来自光学显示器36后面的真实世界对象的光和由投影仪34生成的光。然后在眼睛22的视网膜38上创建增强现实视图,该增强现实该视图包括与由投影仪34创建的表示虚拟内容的光结合的来自用户通过光学显示器36可见的真实世界场景的光。
变形检测系统26包括注意力生成单元40、输入触发器42、眼睛跟踪相机44、注视角计算模块46、统计系统48和校正计算单元50。
注意生成单元40被连接到视频数据接收器32。注意生成单元40被配置为向视频数据接收器32提供超驰功能。注意生成单元40例如可以将虚拟对象插入由视频数据接收器32接收到的数据流内,改变虚拟对象的颜色和/或减小虚拟对象的尺寸,目的是使眼睛22将其注视角朝向虚拟对象并聚焦在虚拟对象上。尽管描述了注意力生成单元40,但是可以用作校准增强现实系统的基础的虚拟内容通常由渲染系统或模块提供。
输入触发器42被连接到用户输入设备28并检测通过用户输入设备28的用户输入。用户输入设备28例如可以是操纵杆、识别杆(wand)、跟踪用户身体部位的相机、按钮、触摸板、配备传感器的手套、鼠标、键盘等中的一者或多者。用户输入设备28向输入触发器42提供输入。
眼睛跟踪相机44被安装在显示组件24中捕获眼睛22的图像的位置。在一些实施例中,每只眼睛一个或多个相机用于对用户的眼睛进行成像。或者,可以使用具有足够宽的角度以捕获包括用户的双眼的图像的单个相机。
注视角计算模块46被连接到眼睛跟踪相机44和输入触发器42。注视角计算模块46基于由眼睛跟踪相机44捕获的图像来计算眼睛22的注视角。注视角计算模块46被连接到输入触发器42,并由输入触发器42激活,以使得当检测到用户输入时,由注视角计算模块46计算注视角。尽管使用所计算的注视角来描述了系统,但是也可以使用任何其他眼睛注视取向特性,例如注视矢量、注视坐标、视轴取向或角膜中心位置。此外,来自左眼和右眼的注视数据可以组合使用,以收集有关用户的眼睛聚焦的位置的信息。
统计系统48被连接到注视角计算模块46,并接收大量的注视角计算测量。每当输入触发器42激活注视角计算模块46时,统计系统48记录从注视角计算模块46接收的注视角。因此,统计系统48在一段时间内收集多个注视角。然后,统计系统48计算统计上相关的注视角,例如来自由统计系统48记录的注视角的中间注视角。可以选择或计算代表性的注视角,并且可以将其用于与相关联于虚拟内容的显示的预期的注视角进行比较。如果代表性的注视角与预期的注视角基本不同,则可以推断出系统内已经发生了变形。
校正计算单元50被连接到统计系统48。校正计算单元50计算由注意力生成单元40创建或修改的渲染的虚拟对象的位置处的期望校正。
校正系统30被连接到校正计算单元50。校正系统30从校正计算单元50接收校正数据。视频数据接收器32被连接到校正系统30。校正系统30修改由注意力生成单元40创建或修改的虚拟对象的位置。校正系统30还以与由注意力生成单元40创建或修改的虚拟对象的位置被校正的相同的量和方向来修改视频流中所有其他对象的位置。
在使用中,用户将观看设备20附接到他们的头部,其中光学显示器36位于眼睛22前方。然后,用户可以通过透射光学显示器36看见真实世界对象,并且可以同时观看渲染的虚拟内容。
视频数据接收器32从后台应用接收视频数据。后台应用例如可以是用于显示电影的电影应用、游戏、网络浏览器、菜单、启动程序、二维内容、三维内容或任何其他类型的虚拟内容。视频数据包括表示以视频数据速率接收的图像帧的数据。视频数据包括具有强度和颜色值的像素。视频数据接收器32将视频数据提供给投影仪34。投影仪34创建用于每个帧的二维图案。图案可以包括激光束,其中每个束表示相应的像素,并且其强度和颜色被调制。投影仪34通过透镜、反射镜、光栅等直接或间接地将图案耦入光学显示器36内。图案通过光学显示器36透射并且朝着眼睛22从光学显示器36射出。光束54表示从光学显示器36朝着眼睛22透射的光。然而,应当理解,许多表示虚拟对象的光束从光学显示器36被投射,以使得视网膜38接收的图像与由投影仪34创建的图案类似。在一些实施例中,由于应用于表示虚拟对象的光的一种或多种波阵面整形技术,用户可以将虚拟对象感知为三维的。在图案随视频数据接收器32提供给投影仪34的每一帧数据连续变化的实施例中,用户可以看到动态图像。
由视频数据接收器32接收的视频数据包括表示将在眼睛22的视网膜38上显示的一个或多个对象的数据。在以视频数据接收器32接收的数据表示的虚拟对象实际上可以在光学显示器36上显示。但是,这种虚拟对象可能在光学显示器36的表面上是不可见的或不容易辨别的,这是由许多因素造成的,该许多因素包括光学显示器36是透视显示器和/或光学显示器36主要用作在投影仪34和眼睛22之间引导光的波导。即使虚拟对象在光学显示器36的表面上是不可见的,但是由视频数据接收器32向投影仪34提供的视频数据仍然包括表示对象的数据。出于讨论的目的,将假设一个或多个虚拟对象在光学显示器36的表面上是可见的。然而,应当理解,为了便于说明,在光学显示器36的表面上示出了对象。本发明主要涉及一种校准方法论,无论对象在光学显示器36的表面上实际上是可见的还是不可见的,该校准方法论都是相同的。
在观看设备的正常操作期间,注意力生成单元40不向视频数据接收器32的正常操作提供超驰功能。所有视频数据均以视频刷新率呈现给用户,不会受到变形检测系统26的任何干扰。变形检测系统26每天仅对视频数据接收器32的执行几次超过正常的功能(例如,连续使用期间每天50至100次)以进行测量,而视频数据接收器32在其余时间继续不间断地操作。用户输入设备28和眼睛跟踪相机44被连接到后台应用。在视频数据接收器32的正常操作期间,用户可以使用用户输入设备28向后台应用提供指令或以其他方式与光学显示器36上渲染的虚拟内容进行交互,同时一个或多个眼睛跟踪相机44继续监视眼睛22。用户例如可以使用用户输入设备28与经由光学显示器36向用户显示的虚拟对象进行交互,同时后台应用依靠眼睛跟踪相机44来了解用户何时看向虚拟对象。
在对观看设备20进行工厂校准之后,显示组件24具有极小的变形或几乎未变形。使用光学显示器36显示的对象相对于眼睛22的注视角在其预期的位置处。在使用观看设备20期间,包括或被连接到显示组件24的观看设备20的部件开始变形。该变形可以表现为光学显示器36的变形、铰链的变形、以及将观看设备20安装到用户头部的结构中使用的材料的变形。变形通常是由施加在显示组件24的部件上的较小或较大的应力与显示组件24的部件的材料的组合导致的。例如,在以下情况下会产生应力:当与光学显示器36连接的缆线牵拉光学显示器36时,当用户将观看设备20安装到其头部上或从其头部移除时,以及当用户操纵铰链、弹簧或其他动态部件以拆开或存放观看设备20时。当应力循环时,显示组件24的部件的材料特性可能会经受疲劳,并且已知当塑料材料在一段时间内受到应力时,塑料材料会经受“蠕变”。观看设备20的一些材料也可能经受热负荷,并且这种温度变化可能导致一个或多个部件的变形。变形的结果是在变形的观看设备20上向用户呈现虚拟对象的实际位置不是这些虚拟对象的期望的渲染位置。因此,用户的实际注视不同于用户要在期望的渲染位置处看到渲染的虚拟内容情况下的将被预期的注视。此外,变形是连续的,因此可以预期被用户感知到的虚拟对象的渲染位置将在一段时间内相对于期望的渲染位置继续移动。显示组件24首先在选择位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,眼睛22具有预期的注视方向。显示组件24的变形使虚拟对象在改变后的位置处是可观看的,其中,眼睛22具有改变后的注视方向。
变形检测系统26的一个或多个部件可以在功能上和结构上被连接到显示组件24,以检测显示组件的变形。校正系统30被连接到变形检测系统26。校正系统30与显示组件24一起在校正后的位置处显示虚拟对象。当在校正后的位置处显示虚拟对象时,观看在校正后的位置处的虚拟对象的眼睛22具有校正后的注视方向,该校正后的注视方向与改变后的注视方向相比更靠近预期的注视方向移动。变形检测系统26向上述观看设备20的正常操作提供超驰或增强功能。在连续操作期间,变形检测系统26被间歇地激活,例如每小时10至20次。另外,变形检测系统26仅被激活几秒钟,例如三到七秒,这与进行测量和调整所需的时间一样长。在剩余时间中,观看设备20正常操作。
变形检测系统26的功能通过在用户输入设备28被连接到输入触发器42并且眼睛跟踪相机44持续监视眼睛22的同时激活注意力生成单元40来启动。对于用户而言,主要需要与视频数据接收器32从后台应用接收的渲染对象进行交互,该渲染对象足够小以最小化注视矢量误差。注意生成单元40还可以修改虚拟对象的颜色或减小其尺寸以吸引用户的注意力,并帮助将眼睛22吸引到虚拟对象所处的小点。视频数据接收器32将表示虚拟对象的数据提供给投影仪34。投影仪34然后生成光并将表示虚拟对象的光朝着光学显示器36投射以供用户观看。
由注意力生成单元40放置或修改的虚拟对象是要求用户使用用户输入设备28与渲染的虚拟对象进行交互的类型。这种虚拟对象例如可以是播放按钮、目标、应用启动图标等。当用户使用用户输入设备28与渲染的虚拟对象进行交互时,假设用户的眼睛22看着光学显示器36上的渲染的虚拟对象。眼睛跟踪相机44捕获眼睛22的图像,并将图像数据提供给注视角计算模块46。用户输入设备28激活输入触发器42,输入触发器指示注视角计算模块46使用从眼睛跟踪相机44接收的数据来计算眼睛的注视角。注视角计算模块46计算的注视角表示用户感知到的渲染的虚拟对象在光学显示器36上的实际位置。
注视角计算模块46将注视角提供给统计系统48。统计系统48存储注视角。当变形检测系统26第二次被激活时,该过程被重复并且统计系统48存储第二注视角。该过程一直被重复,直到统计系统48已经存储了足够多的注视角以允许统计系统48来计算统计上相关的改变后的注视角。统计系统48例如可以根据所收集的注视角计算注视角的平均值、均值或中值。统计系统可以根据所有测量计算统计上相关的注视角,尽管优选地,统计系统仅使用预定误差范围(例如,90弧分)之外的注视角作为用于计算统计上相关的注视角的数据点。替代地,在一些实施例中,不是在执行增量校正之前累积多个测量以计算在统计上确定的注视角,而是被确定为位于预期的注视角的公差误差之外的每个测量的注视角可以导致对虚拟内容的渲染位置的增量校正。
统计系统48将改变后的注视角提供给校正计算单元50。校正计算单元50确定使注视角从改变后的注视角返回到预期的注视角所需的注视角的校正量。校正计算单元50计算所需的校正方向和校正量两者,然后计算仅为所需校正的一小部分的实际校正。然后,校正计算单元50将实际校正提供给校正系统30。校正系统30将校正提供给视频数据接收器32。然后,视频数据接收器32根据从校正系统30接收到的实际校正的方向和大小来移动由注意力生成单元40生成的虚拟对象以及所有其他对象。
在向校正计算单元50提供改变后的注视角之前,统计系统48可能需要大量测量,例如50至100次测量。此外,所做的任何校正都仅仅是由显示组件24的变形导致的注视角的实际变化的一小部分。因此,累积校正是一个缓慢的过程。举例来说,在一天内的八小时的连续操作期间,仅可以进行单次校正,并且在预期的注视角的公差范围内校正注视角可能需要几天或几周的时间。或者,可以在使用设备期间进行几次小的校正。校正的次数可以取决于用户与虚拟内容交互的次数,其中该次数被认为对于注视角计算和渲染位置校准是可靠的。这种缓慢的过程允许在发生错误的情况下进行重新计算,并允许显示组件24的变形持续加速和减速,降低了超过在显示组件24持续变形的情况下必须做出的所需校正的风险。
在图2A中,未变形的形状60表示变形之前的光学显示器36。将渲染对象62放置在光学显示器36中以吸引用户的注意力。当用户看着
渲染对象62时,可以定义实际注视矢量64。实际注视矢量64是为了观看虚拟对象眼睛22被引导所沿的方向或轴。实际注视矢量从眼睛22的中心点22通过眼睛的瞳孔的中心延伸。为了计算实际注视矢量64,一种方法是首先计算眼睛22的实际中心点22。也可能计算实际注视矢量64,而无需计算眼睛22的实际中心点22,但是使用眼睛的其他解剖信息实现此目的。预期的注视矢量64通过光学显示器36延伸,并且用户将渲染对象62感知为增强对象68。增强对象68位于由未变形形状70表示的平面中。因为未变形形状70的平面比光学显示器36的平面更远,所以用户感知到增强对象68大于渲染对象62,并且由未变形形状70定义的场大于由未变形形状60定义的场。用户还感知到桌子72。用户还感知到桌子72通过图2A中由增强对象68表示的渲染的虚拟内容得到增强。
多个红外发光二极管(LED)74可被包括在眼睛跟踪系统中。每个LED 74透射红外光,该红外光在眼睛22的表面上形成相应的红外光斑(“闪光”)76。参考标号78表示从光斑76朝着眼睛跟踪相机44反射的红外光。眼睛跟踪相机44捕获由LED 74在眼睛22的表面上产生的所有光斑的位置。光斑76的位置被注视角计算模块46用来计算眼睛22的注视角或注视矢量。在一些实施例中,眼睛跟踪相机还可捕获瞳孔的位置。可以将瞳孔位置数据与红外闪光结合使用来确定眼睛的位置。可以基于眼睛位置信息来计算或以其他方式确定注视角或注视矢量。
图2A示出了预期的注视矢量64,其传播通过渲染对象62和增强对象68的中心。参考标号82表示由眼睛跟踪相机44捕获的从眼睛22反射的光。因此,在一些实施例中,眼睛跟踪相机44捕获眼睛的取向和瞳孔80的位置。注视角计算模块46至少使用可交互的渲染虚拟内容的位置来计算实际注视矢量(在图2A中与预期的注视矢量64重合)。在一些实施例中,还可以使用眼睛22相对于光学显示器36的位置。
为了确定变形前的注视角而进行测量可能不一直是必要的。例如,当观看设备20是新设备时,可以假设显示组件24未变形,并且当渲染对象62按照图示定位时,眼睛22的注视角如预期的注视矢量64所表示的。因此,渲染对象62可以按照图示定位,并且可以确定预期的初始注视矢量64,而无需执行任何附加测量。预期的注视角和实际的注视角将基于渲染内容的位置而变化。虽然可以计算“初始”注视角或“变形前”注视角,但可以从后台应用或先前的计算中假设预期的注视矢量。然后可以计算假设的预期的注视角和新近计算的实际的注视角之间的差异。
在图2B中,形状86表示光学显示器36的变形。光学显示器36的变形由在形状86与未变形形状60相比时的差异来表示。渲染对象62仍然被渲染在显示器上的相同(x,y)位置处,但显示器相对于用户的变形使用户感知到内容在与预期位置不同的位置处。由于该变形,渲染对象62不再在图2A所示的位置,而是已经移动了矢量88表示的距离和方向。因此,渲染对象62已经沿着由光学显示器36在渲染对象62的区域中的变形导致的方向发生了移动。在眼睛22与渲染对象62之间定义了改变后的注视矢量90。在由形状92表示的平面内,用户将渲染对象62看成增强对象68。形状92以与形状86和未变形形状60之间的变形类似的方式相对于未变形形状70发生变形。
当用户看着增强对象68时,实际的注视矢量90从眼睛22传到变形形状92中的增强对象68的位置。在该示例中,实际的注视矢量90不同于预期的注视矢量64。眼睛跟踪相机44继续捕获眼睛位置信息,该眼睛位置信息可以是基于图像内的瞳孔位置和/或闪光反射图案的,以使得注视角度计算模块46可以计算实际的注视矢量90并将其与预期的注视矢量64进行比较,以推断是否发生了显示组件变形。
图3A示出了如何校正渲染对象62的位置。投影仪34以预定角度朝着光学显示器36投射与虚拟图像或对象相关联的图像光94。图像光94可以遇到一个或多个衍射光学元件,诸如耦入光栅95、正交光瞳扩展器97、以及出射光瞳扩展器99,该一个或多个衍射性光学元件作为光学显示器36的一部分被设置在波导101之中或之上。当图像光94传播通过波导101时,衍射光学元件以不同方式重定向光,最终导致图像光94通过出射光瞳扩展器99朝着用户的眼睛22从波导射出。用户的眼睛22可以将图像光94聚焦在视网膜上的位置处,以使用户感知渲染对象62。
参考图3B和3C,示出了投射为图像光94的图像的两个示例。在图3B中,图像94a的中心示出了虚拟内容对象115。当图像94a被朝向未变形的光学显示器36投射并行进通过其部件时,用户将看到位于视场中心的虚拟内容对象115。然而,如果图像94a朝着变形的显示器投射,则虚拟内容对象115可以被用户感知为已向右移位,例如以使得其不再位于视场的中心。为了校正由变形引起的并且通过比较预期的注视矢量和实际的注视矢量而检测到的位移,可以投射图像94b来代替图像94a。在图像94b中,虚拟内容对象115向图像左侧移位,以便当光以向右移移的方式从变形的显示器射出时,显示器的右位移抵消内容的左位移,并且虚拟内容对象115向用户呈现为位于视场的中心。像素移位可以通过使用LED或其他类似光源点亮投影仪34内的空间光调制器(SLM)的不同像素来实现。在这种调整方法中,将实际的注视角或注视矢量与预期的注视角或注视矢量变换为显示坐标系可能是有用的。例如,系统可能希望用户的注视位于坐标(x1,y1)上的像素的中心,但发现用户的注视实际上位于显示坐标系中的坐标(x2,y2)上的像素的中心。通过这种方法,可以以与由用户的注视矢量所确定的预期的观看坐标与实际的观看坐标之间的差相等但是方向相反的量来调整像素移位。也可以使用用于调整虚拟内容的渲染位置的替代手段。
在一些实施例中,如图3D所示,可以通过调整投影仪34本身来完成校正。为实现完全校正,渲染对象62的渲染位置必须从位置100沿着矢量102表示的方向移动到校正后的位置104。为实现完全校正,投影仪34可以以调整后的角度将光106插入光学显示器36的衍射光学元件内,以使得渲染对象62在视场内更靠近预期位置是可观看的。用户将感知到渲染对象62已从位置100沿着矢量102向位置104移动。但是,未做出完全校正。相反,渲染对象62沿着矢量102表示的方向以在位置100与位置104距离的一小部分移动。为做出部分校正,投影仪34因此以比图像光94稍陡但不如光106陡的角度插入光。
图4示出了两个用户交互事件处的潜在注视矢量误差120和122。从解剖学上讲,当眼睛聚焦在静态图像,诸如增强对象68,上时,眼睛会持续移动。自然的眼睛运动通常导致相对于中心注视矢量的约60弧分的误差或偏差,该中心注视矢量对应于从眼睛的选择解剖标记,例如眼睛22的中心点66,到增强对象68的直线路径。在一些实施例中,注视矢量可以被定义为从眼睛的角膜的中心到增强对象68的直线路径,或者可以被定义为眼睛的视轴的延伸。如果用户看着增强对象68,则可以认为具有相对于注视矢量90的60弧分半径的预期的注视矢量范围内的注视矢量指向增强对象68的位置。图1中的注视角度计算模块46对于给定的眼睛尺寸、形状等还有一些误差,并且这种额外的误差会给预期的注视矢量范围半径增加约30弧分。当确定用户正在看着增强对象68并且所计算的注视矢量在注视矢量90的90弧分半径内时,则认为系统已被很好地校准。
一个挑战是,注视矢量中相对较大的90弧分误差半径使得难以确定增强对象68的实际的感知位置的确切位置。为了解决潜在误差,图1中的统计系统48将收集多个数据点以发现趋势。累积所确定的注视矢量中的趋势以发现如由具有一定变形量的系统所显示的增强对象68的实际的感知位置的可能位置。由于仍然不确定多少位置差异是由于眼球运动或算法错误导致的噪声,以及多少位置差异是由图1中的显示组件24的实际的变形导致,因此无法执行注视矢量的完全校正。举例来说,校正增量可以在0.01至0.5弧分之间,例如0.1弧分。替代地,校正增量可以是基于检测到的变形量的,较大的变形需要较大的增量。举例来说,校正增量可以比检测到的变形量小两个数量级。
图5A至5D示出了可能展开的许多场景之一。在图5A中,进行了许多注视矢量测量,这些注视矢量测量指向位置124A至124C。位置124A至124C的空心圆表示已经计算出的所测量的注视角。位置126的黑圈指示它是系统预期的虚拟对象所在的位置。系统使用所测量的注视矢量位置124A至124C来计算虚拟对象现在可能位于的统计上相关的位置130。位置124A至124C处的所测量的注视矢量指示虚拟对象可能已从初始预期的位置126沿着矢量128表示的方向移动到在统计上所确定的改变后的位置130。在图5B中,虚拟对象渲染位置为沿着矢量132表示的方向移动,矢量132与矢量128表示的方向相反,并且大小较小。假设虚拟对象位于位置130,并且已经沿着矢量132的方向朝着预期的渲染位置126移动到新位置134。
在图5C中,收集了其他数据点124D至124G,这些数据点在统计上确定虚拟对象位于改变后的位置136处。与位置130相比,位置136位于位置126的另一侧。对象位置的变化是显示系统的持续变形的结果。当确定虚拟对象在位置130处和/或虚拟对象已沿相反方向移动时,也可能由于图5A中的噪声数据而导致错误。当如图5B所示以矢量132调整渲染位置时,如果如图5C所示,虚拟对象实际上被感知为位于位置136处,则可以看到,通过图5B中的不正确的重新校准,虚拟对象可能已经被移动到新位置138。因此,图5B中矢量132的位置表示系统如何“相信”其在图5B时正在移动虚拟对象,尽管现在可以看到,矢量132在图5C中在不同的位置处,以表示在图5B时虚拟对象如何更有可能移动,因为现在更多数据可用于分析虚拟对象的位置。在图5B和5C中,矢量132具有相同的大小和方向。矢量132在图5B和5C之间的唯一区别是矢量132的位置不同,图5B中矢量132的位置表示系统如何相信其正在移动虚拟对象,而图5C中的矢量132的位置表示当虚拟对象在图5C中被移动时可能发生的情况。在图5C中可以看出,虚拟对象从位置136沿着矢量132表示的方向到位置138的移动,可以回溯到图5B,是错误的,因为虚拟对象被移动得距离预期的位置126更远,而不是更靠近。在这样的示例中,进行增量调整而不是完全调整是有利的。
在图5D中,还收集了其他数据点124H至124L,这些数据点指示虚拟对象可能在新位置140处。矢量132在图5D与图5C中处于相同位置,以表示在图5B时做出的误差。位置140已经经过位置138,并且由此消除了通过将虚拟对象沿着矢量132表示的方向移动到位置138而造成的错误。
图5A至图5D并未示出可能展开的每种可能的场景,而仅示出,与尝试校正由于显示组件24的变形导致的虚拟对象的所有移动的单个大幅移动相反,通过以较小的增量移动虚拟对象来防止用户注意到基于噪声数据可能做出的不正确的调整。
图6A示出了用户看到的视图,包括真实世界桌子72和咖啡杯形式的渲染对象,其例如可以是在图2B中的形状70和92的平面中的增强对象68。如矢量150所示,咖啡杯已在用户视图中被移动。矢量150处的标记“显示器”指示未变形形状,虚拟对象的移动(如矢量150所示)是由图1中的显示组件24的变形导致的的。
图6B示出了由图1中的注视角计算模块46基于图1中的眼睛跟踪相机44的视图来计算的注视角的移动。图1中的显示组件24的变形导致由眼睛跟踪相机44所测量的注视角沿着矢量152指示的方向的移动。图6A和6B中的矢量150和152彼此相等。因此,图6B中所计算的注视角的移动与图6A所示的虚拟对象在用户视觉范围内的移动相同,这取决于眼睛的公差和参考图4描述的跟踪算法。
在图6C中,虚拟对象沿着矢量154所示的方向进行增量移动。矢量154在方向上与矢量152相反,但是每个矢量仅是矢量152的长度的一部分。矢量154的总和等于矢量152,但是方向相反。如果虚拟对象移动了所有矢量154的整个距离,则随着时间的推移,虚拟对象将返回到其在显示组件24变形之前的位置,如图6A所示,并且解释了由于显示器变形导致的虚拟对象的早期移动。
图6A至6C示出了图1中的眼睛跟踪相机44未变形的场景。由于眼睛跟踪相机44未变形,因此由眼睛跟踪相机44进行的测量导致了与用户的眼睛22相对于显示器的实际的注视角匹配的注视角的测量,这些测量值取决于上述公差。
图7A至7E共同示出了图1中的眼睛跟踪相机44的变形与显示器的变形相结合能具有的效果。图7A示出了在不考虑相机的变形的情况下,由图1中的显示组件24的变形导致的虚拟对象在用户视野内的哟定。因此,图7A与图6A相同。应当注意,眼睛跟踪相机44的任何变形都不会影响虚拟对象在用户视野内的定位,如图7A所示,而是影响相对于显示器所计算的注视矢量。因此,即使存在相机变形并且考虑了相机变形的影响,图7A仍表示虚拟对象在用户视野内的移动
图7B示出了由图1中的注视角计算模块46基于从眼睛跟踪相机44接收的图像数据来计算的注视角的移动,如果像图7A所示,我们不考虑相机变形的影响。因此,图7B假设眼睛跟踪相机44未变形,因此与图6B相同。
图7C示出了在考虑眼睛跟踪相机44的变形的影响但不考虑显示器变形的影响的时的所计算的注视角的影响。参考图2A,眼睛跟踪相机44的变形引起了眼睛22在眼睛跟踪相机44的视野内的位置测量的误差。这种眼睛跟踪相机44的误差导致眼睛跟踪相机44提供给图1中的注视角计算模块46的图像数据发生变化。因此,由注视角计算模块46所计算的注视角受到眼睛跟踪相机44的变形的影响。图7C示出了由于眼睛跟踪相机44的变形导致所计算的注视角的移动,该移动由矢量156表示。由相机变形引起的注视角精度的误差相对于显示器通常是相对小的。由相机变形导致的注视角的移动通常为由显示器变形导致的注视角的移动的大约1/20的数量级。
图7D示出了矢量152和156的合成矢量158。在本示例中,表示相机变形的影响的矢量156与表示显示器变形的矢量152的夹角小于90°。因此,合成矢量158比表示显示器变形的影响的矢量152长。
在图7E中,如矢量160所示,虚拟对象在用户的视野内被移动。每个矢量160的方向都与图7D中的合成矢量158相反。每当用户与符合条件的虚拟对象进行交互时,虚拟对象都会进行增量移动。经过几天或几周的时间段,校正矢量160在解剖学上的眼睛公差加上跟踪算法所需的任何公差之内累加到合成矢量158。如前所述,相机变形的影响是相对小的。因此,与图7E所示的位置相比,虚拟对象被从更接近图7A所示的其位置移动。在虚拟咖啡杯旨在呈现给坐在桌子72旁的用户的情况下,咖啡杯将因此返回到桌子的顶部或非常接近桌子的顶部。
图8A和8B与图7A和7B类似。在图8C中,相机变形的影响导致注视角的移动,如矢量164所示。矢量164与矢量152之间的角度大于90°。
图8D示出了合成矢量166。合成矢量166表示由于显示器变形和相机变形导致的所计算的注视角的变化。合成矢量166小于表示显示器变形的影响的矢量152。可以说,显示器变形与相机变形的影响在图8D中处于“相反”方向,而在图7D中处于“相同”方向。
图9示出了当对于所计算的注视角的显示器变形的影响和相机变形的影响处于相反方向时的一种可能的解决方案。图1中的校正系统30不修改虚拟对象的位置。例如,用户可能不关心“播放”按钮是位于桌子上还是漂浮在桌子上方的一定距离处。此外,播放按钮应作为后台应用的界面元素正常地工作。
图10A至10C示出了作为图9中解决方案的替代的解决方案。在图10A中,在观看设备仍是新的,也称为“开箱即用”状态,时开始计算由于相机的变形导致的注视角变化。由于相机变形导致的所计算的眼睛位置相对于眼睛跟踪相机的变化被使用眼睛跟踪相机44和所生成的眼睛跟踪图像的数据分析周期性地确定。用于在任何特定时间计算眼睛位置或眼睛中心的方法论类似于参考图2A描述的方法论。眼睛22的图像继续用作计算每只眼睛相对于一个或多个眼睛跟踪相机的眼睛中心位置的基础。所收集的图像帧内的眼睛中心位置的变化可以归因于眼睛跟踪相机的位置相对于眼睛的变化。尽管存在一些与设备适合度以及用户使用设备的一致性相关联的误差,但在数据分析中使用多个图像帧提高了确定眼睛跟踪相机变形的准确性。例如,根据设备安装阶段拍摄的眼睛跟踪图像而计算出的眼中心被确定为在某个坐标位置(x,y,z)处。随着时间的推移,可能发生眼睛跟踪相机变形,从而使得相机稍微向下倾斜。通过变形的眼睛跟踪相机捕获的图像中眼睛的位置将发生变化,从而使得眼睛中心被显示为在更高的y轴位置处,例如眼睛跟踪图像内的坐标位置(x,y+1,z)处。这两个坐标位置之间的变化与眼睛跟踪相机的变化相关,并且该差异可用于校正虚拟内容在显示器上的渲染位置。眼睛跟踪相机的变形在图10A中表示为矢量170,并且可以以一维、二维或三维形式发生。
眼睛跟踪相机44例如以每秒30帧的速率连续运行。在确定眼睛跟踪相机44的变形时,不必等待用户与特定的虚拟内容渲染交互以进行数据收集。图像数据流在任何给定时间可用于与基线进行比较。使用来自眼睛跟踪相机44的一组数据点与基线数据进行比较提供了鲁棒的系统。例如,与仅使用一个或两个图像相比,使用来自眼睛跟踪相机44的至少最后10个图像可以提高准确性。
图10B示出了矢量166是矢量152和170的总和。可以通过从矢量166中减去相机变形矢量170来计算矢量152。由于矢量152表示对虚拟对象的位置的显示器变形的影响,因此虚拟对象可以沿着与矢量152相反的方向被移动。
在图10C中,虚拟对象进行增量移动,如矢量172所示。矢量172的总和等于矢量152,但方向相反。
如图11所示,观看设备20还可包括参考系统180,以进行如图10A至10C所示的计算。参考系统180可以包括许多基线计算、图像和/或测量,诸如瞳孔间距离、眼睛中心位置、设备适合度信息、眼睛形状信息、视轴位置等。参考系统180包括开箱即用的参考注视角182,该开箱即用的参考注视角182是在观看设备20仍是新的时计算的。开箱即用的参考注视角182被存储在存储器中。参考系统180还具有存储在存储器中的更新的注视角184。更新的注视角184定期地计算,并表示最新近计算的注视角。参考系统180还包括由于相机变形导致的注视角的变化186。变化186是更新的注视角度184与开箱即用的参考注视角182之间的差。变化186在图10A中由矢量170之和表示。校正计算单元50用于计算图10B中的矢量152。图11中的观看设备20的其他方面与图1中的观看设备相同,并且相同的参考标号指示相同的部件。尽管将开箱即用的参考注视角被描述为用于比较的基线,但是也可以使用任何其他眼睛特征、测量、计算或图像作为开箱即用的参考注视角的替代或补充。
图12示出了如上所述的方法。在200处,在选择位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看虚拟对象的眼睛具有预期的注视方向。在202处,基于选择位置确定预期的注视矢量范围。在204处,检测用户交互事件,其中,用户与虚拟对象进行交互。在206处,通过眼睛跟踪相机捕获从眼睛反射的光。在208处,基于由眼睛跟踪相机捕获的光来计算改变后的注视矢量。在210处,在所确定的改变后的注视矢量与预期的注视矢量范围之间进行比较。元素200至210可以被组合为元素212,即,用于检测显示组件的变形,其中,该变形使得虚拟对象在改变后的位置处是可观看的,其中,眼睛具有改变后的注视方向。可以执行元素212,而无需将特定元素列为元素200至210。此外,尽管计算了注视矢量,但是也可以使用需要计算注视矢量之外的方法来确定注视矢量。
在214处,确定实际注视矢量是否在注视矢量范围之外。如果在214处的确定是否定的,则处理返回到200。如果214处的确定是肯定的,则计算虚拟内容渲染位置校正量和方向量。在220处,将虚拟内容渲染位置调整所计算的校正量和方向。元素218和220可以被组合为元素222,即用于在校正后的位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看在校正后的位置处的虚拟对象的眼睛具有校正后的注视方向该校正后的注视方向与改变后的注视方向相比更靠近预期的注视方向地移动。
图13示出了采取计算机系统900的示例性形式的机器的示意图,其中具有可以执行用于使该机器执行本文所讨论的方法论中的任何一者或多者的一组指令。在替代实施例中,该机器作为独立设备运行,或者可以被连接(例如,联网)到其他机器。此外,尽管仅示出了单个机器,但是术语“机器”也应被理解为包括任何机器的集合,这些机器单独地或共同地执行一组(或多组)指令以执行本文讨论的方法论中的任何一者或多者。
示例性计算机系统900包括处理器902(例如,中央处理器(CPU)和/或图形处理单元(GPU))、主存储器904(例如,只读存储器(ROM)、闪存、诸如同步DRAM(SDRAM)或RambusDRAM(RDRAM)等之类的动态随机存取存储器(DRAM))、以及静态存储器906(例如,闪存、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)等),这些组件经由总线908与激光驱动器芯片12或其他光源驱动器彼此通信。
计算机系统900还可以包括磁盘驱动器单元916和网络接口设备920。
磁盘驱动器单元916包括机器可读介质922,其上存储着体现本文所述的方法论或功能中的任何一者或多者的一组或多组指令924(例如,软件)。在计算机系统900执行软件期间,软件还可以全部或至少部分地驻留在主存储器904内和/或处理器902内,主存储器904和处理器902也构成机器可读介质。
该软件还可以经由网络接口设备920在网络928上被发送或接收。
尽管机器可读介质924在示例性实施例中被示出为单一介质,但是术语“机器可读介质”应被认为包括存储一组或多组指令的单个介质或多种介质(例如,集中式或分布式数据库、和/或关联的缓存和服务器)。术语“机器可读介质”也应被认为包括能够存储、编码或承载由机器执行的一组指令,以及使机器执行本发明的方法论中的任何一者或多者的任何介质。因此,术语“机器可读介质”应被认为包括但不限于固态存储器、光和磁媒介以及载波信号。
激光驱动器芯片12包括数据存储区161和它自己的处理器162。数据存储区161用于存储特定于激光源操作的指令和数据结构。处理器162从数据存储区中检索指令,并访问数据结构以执行驱动激光源的例程,从而使激光源生成激光。激光源构成了接收诸如视频数据的投影仪的一部分。扫描仪构成投影仪的一部分,以使投影仪可以以基于视频数据中的值的投影仪创建的任何图案、颜色、饱和度和其他光质量,在二维区域中,有时在三维空间中,显示激光。
尽管已经示出和讨论了激光源和激光驱动器芯片12,但是也可以使用其他显示系统。其他显示系统例如可以包括利用发光二极管(LED)技术、有机发光二极管(OLED)技术、超辐射发光二极管(SLED)等的显示器。
尽管已经描述并在附图中示出了某些示例性实施例,但是应当理解,这些实施例仅是示例性的,并不限制本发明,并且本发明不限于所示和所描述的特定构造和布置,因为本领域普通技术人员可以理解各种修改。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于显示渲染内容的观看设备,包括:
显示组件,其被配置为在所述显示组件上的选择位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看所述虚拟对象的眼睛具有预期的注视方向;以及
变形检测系统,其被连接到所述显示组件,并被配置为检测观看在所述显示组件上的所述虚拟对象的所述眼睛的所测量的注视方向,并基于所测量的注视方向是不同于所述预期的注视方向的改变后的注视方向来计算所述显示组件的变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括:
校正系统,其被连接到所述变形检测系统,以与所述显示组件一起在校正后的位置处显示所述虚拟对象,其中,观看所述校正后的位置处的所述虚拟对象的所述眼睛的所测量的注视方向是校正后的注视方向,其中,所述预期的注视方向与所述校正后的注视方向之间的差小于所述预期的注视方向与所述改变后的注视方向之间的差。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述显示组件包括:
光学显示器,所述变形是所述光学显示器的变形。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述光学显示器在显示器变形方向上被变形,并且所述改变后的注视方向在所述显示器变形方向上相对于所述预期的注视方向移动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其中,所述光学显示器是透明的,并且所述虚拟对象是所述眼睛在所述光学显示器的与所述眼睛相对的侧面上的位置处可观看的。
6.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述变形检测系统包括:
眼睛跟踪相机,其被配置为捕获从所述眼睛反射的光;以及
注视角计算模块,其被配置为基于由所述眼睛跟踪相机所捕获的光来计算所述眼睛的所测量的注视方向。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,由所述注视角计算模块计算的所测量的注视方向是由于所述眼睛跟踪相机和所述光学显示器中的至少一者的变形导致的所述改变后的注视方向。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中:
所述预期的注视方向与所述改变后的注视方向之间的差在第一方向上,并且由于所述眼睛跟踪相机的变形导致的所测量的注视方向的变化在第二方向上,并且所述第一方向和所述第二方向相对于彼此的角度小于90度,所述系统进一步包括:
校正系统,其被连接到所述变形检测系统以与所述显示组件一起在校正后的位置处显示所述虚拟对象,其中,观看在所述校正后的位置处的所述虚拟对象的所述眼睛具有校正后的注视方向,所述校正后的注视方向从所述改变后的注视方向朝着所述预期的注视方向移动。
9.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中:
从所述预期的注视方向到所述改变后的注视方向的变化在第一方向上,并且由于所述眼睛跟踪相机的变形导致的所测量的注视方向的变化在第二方向上,并且所述第一方向和所述第二方向相对于彼此分隔大于90度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统,进一步包括:
校正系统,其被连接到所述变形检测系统以与所述显示组件一起显示所述虚拟对象,而无需将所述虚拟对象从所述改变后的位置移开。
11.根据权利要求9所述的系统,进一步包括:
校正系统,其被连接到所述变形检测系统以与所述显示组件一起在校正后的位置处显示所述虚拟对象,其中,观看在所述校正后的位置处的所述虚拟对象的所述眼睛具有所测量的注视方向,所述所测量的注视方向是校正后的注视方向,其中,所述校正后的注视方向从所述改变后的注视方向朝着所述预期的注视方向移动。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,进一步包括:
参考系统,其检测由于所述眼睛跟踪相机的变形导致的所测量的注视方向的变化;
校正计算单元,其通过从由所述变形检测系统检测到的所述注视角的变化中减去由于所述眼睛跟踪相机的变形导致的所测量的注视方向的变化,来确定由于所述显示组件的变形导致的所测量的注视方向的变化;以及
校正系统,其被连接到所述变形检测系统以与所述显示组件一起在校正后的位置处显示所述虚拟对象,其中,观看在所述校正后的位置处的所述虚拟对象的所述眼睛具有校正后的注视方向,所述校正后的注视方向在与由于所述显示组件的变形导致的所述注视角的变化相反的方向上移动。
13.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述变形检测系统包括:
统计系统,其被配置为接收并分析多个所测量的注视方向测量;
注视角计算单元,其计算多个注视方向,每个注视方向针对相应的测量;以及
校正计算单元,其基于所述多个实际的注视方向测量来确定所述改变后的注视方向。
14.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述变形检测系统包括注意力生成单元,其被配置为在检测所述变形之前,改变所述虚拟对象的显示并吸引用户对所述虚拟对象的注意力。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中,所述注意力生成单元被配置为通过改变所述虚拟对象的颜色来吸引所述用户的注意力。
16.根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中,所述注意力生成单元被配置为通过减小所述虚拟对象的尺寸来吸引所述用户对所述虚拟对象的注意力。
17.一种显示渲染内容的方法,包括:
借助显示组件来在所述显示组件上的选择位置处显示虚拟对象,其中,观看所述虚拟对象的眼睛具有预期的注视方向;以及
检测所述显示组件的变形,其中,所述变形使所述虚拟对象在改变后的位置处是可观看的,其中,所述眼睛具有改变后的注视方向。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,进一步包括:
借助所述显示组件在校正后的位置处显示所述虚拟对象,其中,观看在所述校正后的位置处的所述虚拟对象的所述眼睛具有校正后的注视方向,所述校正后的注视方向从所述改变后的注视方向朝着所述预期的注视方向移动。
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