CN112106768A - Method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants - Google Patents
Method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN112106768A CN112106768A CN202011120901.6A CN202011120901A CN112106768A CN 112106768 A CN112106768 A CN 112106768A CN 202011120901 A CN202011120901 A CN 202011120901A CN 112106768 A CN112106768 A CN 112106768A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants, which comprises the following steps: (1) pruning plants; (2) plant excavation: after the target plant is manually excavated, removing mud on the main root, keeping the main root for 25cm, cutting the root, and keeping the fibrous root system on the main root; (3) wound treatment: sterilizing, and spraying healing agent; (4) root treatment: the light water-retaining matrix is added with a certain proportion of water and then wraps the roots of the plants; (5) and (3) blade treatment: spraying 2-5% pullulan solution onto leaves to make the leaves locally stained with pullulan solution, and spraying 0.3-0.8mg/L brassinolide solution onto the leaves after 3-6 min. Compared with the conventional root treatment method, the invention can ensure that the plant to be transplanted is more convenient to transport, and in addition, the loss of water in the plant body is effectively reduced through the special leaf treatment method.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants.
[ background of the invention ]
Agricultural wild plant resources are precious natural resources, are important material bases for genetic breeding and biotechnology research, and are important components of agricultural biological diversity. For years, as the agricultural wild plant resources are effectively protected and reasonably utilized due to lack of systems in production activities, some wild plant resources with important economic, scientific and ecological values are rapidly reduced or even disappear, and urgent protection is needed. In order to realize the sustainable, stable and efficient development of agriculture, meet the requirements of human society on the types and quality of agricultural products and strengthen the protection, development and reasonable utilization of the existing agricultural biological resources, the method has great strategic significance. In order to ensure the purity of wild resources and reduce the possibility of variation, the prior art generally collects original living plants and transplants the plants into the most suitable area for zoning and centralized protection. However, the following problems are often encountered during the collection of wild plant resources:
(1) the collection land is mostly mountains and canyons, the plants need to be cut short, removed from branches and dug with broken roots for convenient carrying, a large amount of wounds appear in the plants in the treatment process, the wounds can accelerate the water loss in the plants, and the plants are easy to be infected by germs;
(2) in order to ensure the survival rate of transplanting, the conventional method for digging plants is to wrap soil balls on roots after the seedlings are lifted with soil so as to continuously provide water and nutrients for the plants, but the method has overlarge carrying load and needs a large amount of transportation manpower.
(3) In the long-distance transportation process, climate conditions such as atmospheric temperature, illumination intensity, wind flow velocity and the like are not controllable, the water loss speed of the plants is greatly influenced, and the conventional method for wrapping roots with soil balls can provide limited water and nutrients for the plants.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for collecting and processing plants from wild resources, which can make the transportation of the plants to be transplanted more convenient than the conventional digging method for lifting seedlings with soil, and in addition, the loss of water in the plants is reduced by a special leaf processing method, thereby effectively preventing the plants from withering due to water shortage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants comprises the following steps:
(1) plant pruning: selecting a plant which grows robustly and has an upright tree shape as a target plant, and pruning the target plant before excavation, wherein the pruning comprises the following steps: removing pest-infected branches, withered branches and crossed and overlapped branches of the target plant, and carrying out stem cutting treatment on the target plant at a position 60-80cm away from the ground; then, reserving a first-level branch according to the principle that the first-level branch is shorter than the trunk by 5-10 cm; cutting off partial leaves on the branches and the trunk, and reserving 15-20 healthy leaves;
(2) plant excavation: manually excavating a target plant by taking the trunk as a circle center and the radius of the trunk as 25-30cm, removing mud on the main root of the target plant to ensure that the main root is completely exposed, cutting the root after the main root is kept for 25cm, and simultaneously keeping a fibrous root system on the main root;
(3) wound treatment: spraying bactericide on the wound of the overground part of the plant for 5-10min, and then spraying healing agent;
(4) root treatment: wrapping the water-retaining matrix prepared from the light water-retaining matrix and water on the roots of the plants;
(5) and (3) blade treatment: spraying 2-5% pullulan solution onto leaves to make the leaves locally stained with pullulan solution, and spraying 0.3-0.8mg/L brassinolide solution onto the leaves after 3-6 min; wherein the brassinolide solution is prepared by dissolving brassinolide in absolute ethyl alcohol.
In the present invention, it is further specified that the fungicide in the step (3) is one selected from the group consisting of streptomycin and abamectin for agricultural use.
In the present invention, it is further specified that the healing agent in the step (3) is lanolin.
In the invention, the water-retaining matrix in the step (4) is prepared by mixing a light water-retaining matrix and water according to a weight ratio of 5: 2-3.
In the invention, the light water-retaining matrix in the step (4) is formed by mixing the following materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of leaf mold, 20-30 parts of animal dry excrement, 20-30 parts of sawdust, 4-10 parts of wheat bran and 2-8 parts of sepiolite; the substrate formed by mixing the materials contains basic nutrient components required by plant growth, wherein the leaf mold contains rich humic acid components, and has the effects of stimulating rooting and promoting growth of plants; the sawdust and the wheat bran provide certain nutrient components for plants, and have the effects of absorbing water and retaining water; the sepiolite has strong adsorption capacity, the water adsorption amount can reach 200-250% of the self weight, and the sepiolite has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, so that when water is added into the light water retention matrix, water can be fully absorbed to prevent water and nutrient substances in the matrix from losing, and when the sepiolite is wrapped at the roots of plants, the roots of the plants can be ensured not to lack water; in addition, after the light water-retaining matrix is mixed with water in a weight ratio of 5:2-3 to prepare the water-retaining matrix, the weight of the water-retaining matrix is not half of the weight of the soil balls with the same volume, and the water-retaining effect of the water-retaining matrix is better than that of the soil balls with the same volume, so that for plants with the same size, the method for retaining water on roots by adopting the water-retaining matrix can reduce the weight burden by half compared with the traditional method for retaining water by using the soil balls.
According to the method, the plants are trimmed before excavation, so that the effects of adjusting the tree shape, balancing the tree vigor, reducing transpiration and improving the survival rate of transplanted trees are achieved; when the wound is treated, the bactericide is sprayed for sterilization to prevent harmful microorganisms from invading the plant body, and then the healing agent is coated to promote the wound healing, so that a protective layer is formed to prevent the microorganisms from invading and prevent water from flowing out of the wound; when the plants are excavated, the conventional method of lifting seedlings with soil is not adopted, but instead, soil at the roots is removed, and water-retaining substrates are coated, so that the transportation pressure of the plants is reduced to a great extent, sufficient water and nutrients can be provided for the roots, and the plants are prevented from wilting or even dying due to water shortage.
The transpiration generates transpiration pulling force, the transpiration pulling force is a force for raising the moisture in a plant conduit, is the main power for passively absorbing water and transferring the moisture by a plant, and the blade is the main transpiration part of a growing plant, so the loss of the moisture in the plant body can be reduced by reducing the transpiration of the blade, the invention has the function of reducing the moisture loss in the plant body by slowing down the transpiration pulling force on the treatment of the blade, and simultaneously, the lightweight water-retaining matrix can realize the water-retaining function for a longer time only by absorbing a small amount of water, in particular, the pullulan solution sprayed on the local part of the blade has adhesiveness, can be adhered to the blade without sliding off, and more noteworthy, the pullulan has good film-forming property, a layer of film can be formed on the blade after being sprayed on the blade for several minutes, and the function of shielding pores on the blade is realized, therefore, the gas exchange between the leaves and the atmosphere is limited, the transpiration of the leaves is reduced to a certain extent, and due to the consideration that the growth of plants is influenced by the inhibition of large-area and long-time respiration, the plants are only sprayed locally, and the part which is not sprayed with the pullulan solution can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the outside through air holes to realize respiration and photosynthesis; the pullulan is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol, and the brassinolide is soluble in ethanol and insoluble in water, so that the brassinolide solution dissolved in absolute ethanol after the pullulan solution is formed into a film can not damage a pullulan film.
Therefore, by adopting the scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the conventional method for retaining the mud balls at the roots, the method for retaining the water retention matrix at the roots of the plants by the water retention matrix after the plants are dug has better water retention effect on the roots, has the weight of the water retention matrix less than half of the mass of the soil balls under the same volume, and has better water retention effect than the soil balls with the same volume, so that for the plants with the same size, the method for retaining the water at the roots by the water retention matrix can reduce the weight burden by half compared with the traditional method for retaining the water by the soil balls, and is more convenient to transport.
2. According to the invention, the pullulan solution is sprayed on the leaves locally, so that the transpiration of the leaves is reduced to a certain extent, and on the basis, the brassinolide solution is sprayed, so that the opening degree of air holes is reduced, the transpiration of the leaves is further reduced, the transpiration tension of the leaves is further reduced, the loss of water in plants is reduced, the plants are effectively prevented from being withered due to water shortage, and the transplanting survival rate is higher. The test effect shows that after the treatment of the plant for 5 days after the excavation and excavation by the treatment method, the leaves of the plant are still dark green as before, and a small local area of slight yellow appears on even one or two leaves, so that the water retention effect of the plant is good; the transplanting survival rate reaches 100 percent.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention provides a method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants, and the invention is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and more clear. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants comprises the following steps:
(1) plant pruning: selecting a plant which grows robustly and has an upright tree shape as a target plant, and pruning the target plant before excavation, wherein the specific pruning comprises the following steps: removing pest-infected branches, withered branches and crossed and overlapped branches of the target plant, and carrying out stem cutting treatment on the target plant at a position 60cm away from the ground; then, reserving a primary branch according to the principle that the primary branch is shorter than the trunk by 5 cm; then, part of the leaves on the branches and the trunk are cut off, and 15 healthy leaves are reserved.
(2) Plant excavation: and (3) manually excavating the target plant with the trunk as the center of a circle and the radius of 25cm, removing mud on the main root of the target plant to expose all the main root, cutting the root after the main root is kept for 25cm, and simultaneously keeping the fibrous root system on the main root.
(3) Wound treatment: spraying bactericide on the wound of the overground part of the plant for 5min, and then spraying healing agent; wherein the bactericide is one of agricultural streptomycin and abamectin; the above healing agent is adeps Caprae Seu Ovis.
(4) Root treatment: the method comprises the following steps of wrapping a water-retaining matrix prepared from a light water-retaining matrix and water at the root of a plant, and completely wrapping the root system, wherein the water-retaining matrix is obtained by mixing the light water-retaining matrix and the water in a weight ratio of 5:2, and the light water-retaining matrix is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight: 30 parts of leaf mold, 20 parts of animal dry excrement, 20 parts of sawdust, 4 parts of wheat bran and 2 parts of sepiolite.
(5) And (3) blade treatment: spraying 2% pullulan solution on leaves to make the leaves locally stained with pullulan solution, and spraying 0.3mg/L brassinolide solution on the leaves after 3 min; wherein the brassinolide solution is prepared by dissolving brassinolide in absolute ethyl alcohol.
Example 2
A method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants comprises the following steps:
(1) plant pruning: selecting a plant which grows robustly and has an upright tree shape as a target plant, and pruning the target plant before excavation, wherein the specific pruning comprises the following steps: removing pest-infected branches, withered branches and crossed and overlapped branches of the target plant, and carrying out stem cutting treatment on the position 70cm away from the ground of the target plant; then, reserving a first-level branch according to the principle that the first-level branch is shorter than the trunk by 8 cm; then, part of the leaves on the branches and the trunk are cut off, and 18 healthy leaves are reserved.
(2) Plant excavation: and (3) manually excavating the target plant by taking the trunk as a circle center and the radius of 27cm, removing mud on the main root of the target plant to ensure that the main root is completely exposed, cutting the root after the main root is kept for 25cm, and simultaneously keeping the fibrous root system on the main root.
(3) Wound treatment: spraying bactericide on the wound of the overground part of the plant for 8min, and then spraying healing agent; wherein the bactericide is one of agricultural streptomycin and abamectin; the above healing agent is adeps Caprae Seu Ovis.
(4) Root treatment: the root of a plant is wrapped by a water-retaining matrix prepared from a light water-retaining matrix and water, and the root system is completely wrapped, wherein the water-retaining matrix is obtained by mixing the light water-retaining matrix and the water in a weight ratio of 5:2.5, and the light water-retaining matrix is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight: 35 parts of leaf mold, 26 parts of animal dry excrement, 28 parts of sawdust, 7 parts of wheat bran and 6 parts of sepiolite.
(5) And (3) blade treatment: spraying 3% pullulan solution on leaves to make the leaves locally stained with pullulan solution, and spraying 0.5mg/L brassinolide solution on the leaves after 4 min; wherein the brassinolide solution is prepared by dissolving brassinolide in absolute ethyl alcohol.
Example 3
A method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants comprises the following steps:
(1) plant pruning: selecting a plant which grows robustly and has an upright tree shape as a target plant, and pruning the target plant before excavation, wherein the specific pruning comprises the following steps: removing pest-infected branches, withered branches and crossed and overlapped branches of the target plant, and carrying out stem cutting treatment on the target plant 80cm away from the ground; then, reserving a first-level branch according to the principle that the first-level branch is shorter than the trunk by 10 cm; then, part of the leaves on the branches and the trunk were cut off, and 20 healthy leaves were retained.
(2) Plant excavation: and (3) manually excavating the target plant by taking the trunk as a circle center and the radius of the trunk is 30cm, removing mud on the main root of the target plant to ensure that the main root is completely exposed, cutting the root after the main root is kept for 25cm, and simultaneously keeping the fibrous root system on the main root.
(3) Wound treatment: spraying bactericide on the wound of the overground part of the plant for 10min, and then spraying healing agent; wherein the bactericide is one of agricultural streptomycin and abamectin; the above healing agent is adeps Caprae Seu Ovis.
(4) Root treatment: the method comprises the following steps of wrapping a water-retaining matrix prepared from a light water-retaining matrix and water at the root of a plant, and completely wrapping the root system, wherein the water-retaining matrix is obtained by mixing the light water-retaining matrix and the water in a weight ratio of 5:3, and the light water-retaining matrix is prepared by mixing the following substances in parts by weight: 40 parts of leaf mold, 30 parts of animal dry excrement, 30 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of wheat bran and 8 parts of sepiolite.
(5) And (3) blade treatment: spraying 5% pullulan solution on leaves to make the leaves locally stained with pullulan solution, and spraying 0.8mg/L brassinolide solution on the leaves after 6 min; wherein the brassinolide solution is prepared by dissolving brassinolide in absolute ethyl alcohol.
Collection test
The applicant conducts a great deal of experimental research when collecting wild plant resources, thereby exploring an effective method for collecting wild plant resources and more effectively protecting and utilizing precious wild plant resources. To further illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the wild resource plant collection and treatment method of the present invention, some of the collected and treated case records are analyzed as follows.
When an applicant collects litchi trees in the field once, 70 test plants need to be collected, 70 robust plants with the same growth area and the same size are selected as excavation objects, the 70 plants are divided into 7 groups according to the number of 10 plants in each group, the 7 groups are respectively marked as No. 1-No. 7 groups, and after the marks are made, excavation and treatment are respectively carried out in the following modes:
groups 1 to 3: digging plants by the methods of examples 1-3 respectively, and correspondingly treating the plants of each group number after digging, wherein the radius of the water-retaining matrix is 30cm spherical, planting the plants in an area suitable for growth, and after planting, spraying water on the leaves by using a spray bottle to wash out the film-forming pullulan on the leaves so as to recover the functions of air pores on the leaves.
Group 4:
in the test group, plant pruning is carried out according to the same method as the group 2, then, plant excavation is carried out according to a conventional excavation method, namely, seedlings are lifted with soil, the main roots are kept for 25cm and then are cut off, simultaneously, fibrous root systems on the main roots are kept, the roots are wrapped by excavated soil after the roots are cut off, the radius of soil balls is 30cm, partial soil is removed under the condition that the roots are not exposed, so that the volume of the remained soil is equivalent to that of the group 2 water-retaining matrix, the soil balls are wrapped, and the materials for wrapping the soil balls are the same as the group 2; the harvested set of plants is planted in an area suitable for growth.
Group 5:
in this test group, plant pruning was performed in the same manner as in group 2, then, plant excavation was performed in a conventional excavation method, i.e., taking out seedlings with soil, and the main roots were cut after being retained for 25cm while retaining the fibrous root system on the main roots, and then, wound treatment was performed in the same manner as in group 2, and after the wounds on the overground parts of the plants were sprayed with a bactericide for 10min, a healing agent was sprayed. Covering the root with soil, wherein the radius of the soil ball wrapped on the root is 30cm, removing part of the soil under the condition of ensuring that the root is not exposed so as to ensure that the volume of the remained soil is equivalent to that of the group 2 water-retaining matrix, and wrapping the soil ball, wherein the material for wrapping the soil ball is the same as that of the group 2; then treating the plant leaves by the same method as the 2 nd group of leaves; and planting the collected plants in an area suitable for growth, and spraying water to the blades by using a spray bottle after planting so as to flush the film-forming pullulan on the blades and recover the functions of air holes on the blades.
Group 6:
in this test group, plant trimming, plant excavation, wound treatment and root treatment were carried out by the method of group 2, which is different from group 2 in that, during the treatment of the leaves, only the pullulan solution was sprayed on the leaves, but not the brassinolide solution, the harvested group of plants were planted in an area suitable for growth, and after the planting was completed, water was sprayed on the leaves with a spray bottle to wash off the pullulan formed on the leaves to restore the function of pores on the leaves.
Group 7:
in this test group, the plant trimming, plant digging, wound treatment and root treatment were carried out by the method of group 2, which is different from group 2 in that the treatment of the leaves was carried out by planting the harvested group of plants in an area suitable for growth without spraying the pullulan solution only before spraying the brassinolide solution locally on the leaves.
Observing the yellowing condition of leaves on each group of plants 5 days after the collection and treatment of the 7 test groups, counting the average yellowing leaf number of each plant of each group, and recording the result in the following table 1; after 10 days of planting, the survival rate of each group was counted and recorded in table 1 below. The results are as follows:
TABLE 1 yellowing of leaves of each group after 5 days of treatment and survival rate after 10 days of planting
Group number | Average number of yellowing leaves per plant | Description of the yellowing leaves after 5 days | Survival rate after 10 days |
1 | 0.5 | Small-area yellowish local parts of leaves | 100% |
2 | 0 | No yellowing of leaves, all the leaves are dark green as before | 100% |
3 | 0.4 | Small-area yellowish local parts of leaves | 100% |
4 | 4.0 | The yellow area is large and part of yellow area is withered | 50% |
5 | 3.0 | Part of the leaves have large yellowing area | 70% |
6 | 2.5 | Small-area yellowish local parts of leaves | 80% |
7 | 2.5 | Small-area yellowish local parts of leaves | 80% |
The above data show that the plants of group numbers 1-3 treated according to the method of the present invention have better water retention effect than other test groups, the 4 th group of roots adopts the conventional method of lifting seedlings with soil, the leaves are not treated, and the transpiration can not be controlled, so the roots continuously absorb water from the soil balls with limited water content, the water in the soil balls can not be provided after being absorbed to a certain degree, thus, the plants are more likely to wither and the survival rate of planting is minimized, so that examples 1 to 3 wrap the roots of the plants with a water-retaining matrix having a smaller weight, and the leaves are sprayed with the pullulan solution and the brassinolide solution in sequence in a special treatment mode, so that a better water retention effect is achieved, meanwhile, the weight burden of plants is reduced, the transportation is more convenient, the water loss is better controlled after the leaves are treated in the group 5, but the water retention of the roots is insufficient, so that the problems of withered leaves and low planting survival rate still exist. And the leaves of the 6 th group and the 7 th group are only sprayed with local pullulan solution or brassinolide solution, so that the water retention effect and the planting survival rate of the plants are obviously inferior to those of the 2 nd group, which shows that the pullulan solution and the brassinolide solution can be used simultaneously to realize synergistic interaction. The method fully shows that the method can effectively control the loss speed of water in the plant body by processing the excavated plant, thereby ensuring that the plant is not withered due to water shortage and further having positive influence on the survival rate after transplantation.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A method suitable for collecting and processing wild resource plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) plant pruning: selecting a plant which grows robustly and has an upright tree shape as a target plant, and pruning the target plant before excavation, wherein the pruning comprises the following steps: removing pest-infected branches, withered branches and crossed and overlapped branches of the target plant, and carrying out stem cutting treatment on the target plant at a position 60-80cm away from the ground; then, reserving a first-level branch according to the principle that the first-level branch is shorter than the trunk by 5-10 cm; cutting off partial leaves on the branches and the trunk, and reserving 15-20 healthy leaves;
(2) plant excavation: manually excavating a target plant by taking the trunk as a circle center and the radius of the trunk as 25-30cm, removing mud on the main root of the target plant to ensure that the main root is completely exposed, cutting the root after the main root is kept for 25cm, and simultaneously keeping a fibrous root system on the main root;
(3) wound treatment: spraying bactericide on the wound of the overground part of the plant for 5-10min, and then spraying healing agent;
(4) root treatment: wrapping the water-retaining matrix prepared from the light water-retaining matrix and water on the roots of the plants;
(5) and (3) blade treatment: spraying 2-5% pullulan solution onto leaves to make the leaves locally stained with pullulan solution, and spraying 0.3-0.8mg/L brassinolide solution onto the leaves after 3-6 min; wherein the brassinolide solution is prepared by dissolving brassinolide in absolute ethyl alcohol.
2. The method for collecting and processing wild resource plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bactericide in the step (3) is selected from one of agricultural streptomycin and abamectin.
3. The method for collecting and processing wild resource plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the healing agent is mutton tallow.
4. The method for collecting and processing wild resource plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water-retaining matrix in the step (4) is prepared by mixing a light water-retaining matrix and water according to the weight ratio of 5: 2-3.
5. The method for collecting and processing wild resource plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the light water-retaining matrix in the step (4) is formed by mixing the following substances in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of leaf mold, 20-30 parts of dry animal manure, 20-30 parts of sawdust, 4-10 parts of wheat bran and 2-8 parts of sepiolite.
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