CN111937665A - Cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla - Google Patents
Cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
A cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peach and Paris polyphylla mainly comprises the following steps: 1) preparing yellow peach seedlings before planting, 2) planting yellow peach seedlings, 3) preparing rhizoma paridis before transplanting, 4) planting rhizoma paridis, and 5) performing field management on the yellow peaches and the rhizoma paridis. The cultivation method of the compound management is ideal in design, researches are carried out on the aspects of yellow peach planting density, Paris polyphylla planting mode (Paris polyphylla rainproof shade shed specification design and planting cover selection), disease control of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla, inorganic fertilizer types, application technology and the like, so that the quality and yield of the yellow peaches are not influenced while the normal growth of the Paris polyphylla is ensured. The cultivation method has very important application values for fully utilizing land resources, improving the output value of unit area, increasing the income of farmers, improving the risk resistance of the farmers and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree and medicinal material interplanting cultivation technology, in particular to a cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla.
Background
The yellow peach has the advantages of deep root system, quick crown formation, early fruiting, high yield, high quality, simple management and the like, and the yellow peach has golden yellow to orange yellow peel and pulp, and is relatively compact and tough in meat quality, and is popular with growers.
Rhizoma paridis, namely rhizoma paridis, radix seu folium Jasmini LanceolataeParis．Polyphylla Smith var．chinensis(Franch.) Hara ], is Liliaceae (Liliaceae)Liliaceae) Paris genus(ParisL.) perennial herb, the dried rhizome of which is used as Chinese medicine rhizoma paridis. Paris polyphylla, which was originally recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, is a II-grade protective plant and a rare Chinese medicinal material in China, and has the effects of resisting tumors, stopping bleeding and the like, wherein the main active substance is steroid saponin. The dried rhizome is an important raw material of 120 Chinese patent medicines such as Yunnan white drug powder, Qudesheng snake tablet, Gongxuening, and the like. Paris polyphylla prefers warm and humid environment, is slightly cold-resistant, and is often in the shade of mountain forests, bushes or hills, and requires a certain degree of shading.
Yellow peach sprouts in 3-4 months every year, flowers are flourishing in 4 months, fruits are harvested in 7-8 months, the late ten days of 10 months in the leaf fall period, the growth period of the tree body is about 220 days, and the maximum crown can reach 4-5 meters. The Huachong starts in 3-4 months, the flower and fruit period in 5-9 months and the late ten days in 10 months wither each year, which is very close to the phenological period of yellow peach. In addition, the fertilization types of the yellow peaches and the paris polyphylla are the same as the fertilization method, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are added in the early growth stage, potash fertilizer is applied in the fruiting period, and organic fertilizers such as sheep pen manure, rabbit manure, cow manure, ring manure, stable manure, human excrement, biogas residue and the like are applied in autumn. Paris polyphylla fearing direct sunlight and is loved to shade, and the broad crown of yellow peach just shelters from sunlight for it, so the research of interplanting yellow peach and Paris polyphylla has very important application value for fully utilizing land resources, improving the yield value of unit area, increasing the income of farmers and improving the risk resistance of the farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla, and aims to overcome the defects that the prior interplanting of the yellow peaches and the Paris polyphylla lacks research, the planting areas of the yellow peaches and the Paris polyphylla are relatively independent, the economic benefit is single, the planting space and resources cannot be fully utilized to form a stereoscopic agriculture production mode, and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peach and Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps:
a) preparing yellow peach seedlings before planting: arranging a yellow peach planting field, sequentially turning the field, digging a fixed planting hole, applying a base fertilizer, digging a ditch, and selecting bud-grafted yellow peach seedlings for later use;
b) planting yellow peach seedlings: planting yellow peach seedlings in planting holes on the yellow peach planting beds, and watering enough root fixing water;
c) preparation before rhizoma paridis transplantation: arranging the bed surfaces for planting the Paris polyphylla among the planting holes on the yellow peach planting bed, covering a special base fertilizer which is turned into the bed along with the turning of the soil on each bed surface, and selecting the Paris polyphylla with obvious roots for later use;
d) planting rhizoma paridis: transplanting rhizoma paridis three-year seedlings on the ridge surfaces, building a sunshade net on each ridge surface, covering the ridge surfaces with pine needles, and removing the sunshade when the crown of the yellow peach expands to shade;
e) field management of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla: the field management comprises weeding management, fertilizing management and disease control, weeding cannot be carried out in 6-9 months every year and from 11 months in the current year to 3 months in the next year, shorter grass than paris polyphylla in other months does not need to be pulled out, and the stem of the tall grass is cut off; the fertilization adopts the principle that organic fertilizer is taken as a main material and inorganic fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material; the principle of using bacteria to control bacteria is adopted for disease control.
Further, the land turning in the step a) is deep turning, the depth of the deep turning is controlled to be 45-55cm, the width of a fixed planting furrow is controlled to be 3.3-3.9m, the row spacing of a fixed planting hole is controlled to be 3-4m, the plant spacing is controlled to be 3-4m, the furrow width is controlled to be 38-42cm, the furrow depth is controlled to be 48-52cm, the depth of a circumferential furrow and a water outlet furrow is controlled to be 68-72 cm, the yellow peach seedlings are weak in main roots, strong in lateral roots and free of root nodules, and the stem thickness of the yellow peach seedlings is more than 0.6 cm.
Further, if the ridge surface in the step c) is a ridge surface of a hilly land, the ridge surface is arranged along the mountain, the gradient of the ridge surface is controlled to be 10-15 degrees, if the ridge surface is a ridge surface of a flat land, the ridge surface is arranged to be high in the middle and low in two sides, and the gradient of the ridge surface is also controlled to be 10-15 degrees; the width of the ridge surface is controlled to be 1.3-1.7M, two ridges connected with the planting ridges of the yellow peaches are dug on two sides of the ridge surface, the width of each ridge is controlled to be 28-32cm, and the depth of each ridge is controlled to be 22-28 cm; the special base fertilizer in the step c) comprises decomposed farmyard manure, plant ash, mushroom bran and calcium superphosphate, and consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 3-8 parts of mushroom bran and 1.0-2.0 parts of calcium superphosphate. In the step c), each ridge surface is fixed by a root control container, and the ground clearance of each root control container is controlled to be 20-25 cm.
Further, the row spacing of the three-year seedling transplantation of the paris polyphylla in the step d) is controlled to be 15-25cm, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 15-25 cm; the length, width and height of the sunshade in the step d) are controlled to be 2.5m x 1.0.0-1.5 m x 1.0.0-1.2 m; the thickness of the pine needles used as the covering in the step d) is 1.5-2 cm.
Further, in the step e), fully decomposed farmyard manure is used as organic fertilizer for topdressing once in middle autumn every year, and the topdressing amount is controlled to be 1400-1600 kg/mu each time; and still need to adopt inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization, concrete inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization mode: and in 3-5 months, the ratio of N: p: k = 17: 17: 17, spraying the compound fertilizer once every 30 days, and spraying potassium fulvate once every 30 days in 5-8 months; the specific disease control scheme in the step e) is as follows: the trichoderma and bacillus are prepared into a 1:1 mixed biocontrol strain, the biocontrol strain is sprayed every 30d-45d for 3-7 months, and the application concentration is controlled between 5 x 10^6cfu/mL to 8 x 10^6 cfu/mL.
A cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peach and Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps: a) preparation before rhizoma paridis transplantation: in a yellow peach planting field shaded for more than three years, arranging ridge surfaces for planting paris polyphylla between planting holes on yellow peach planting ridges, covering a special base fertilizer which is turned into the ridge along with turning over the land on each ridge surface, fixing each ridge surface by using a root control container, and selecting paris polyphylla seedlings with obvious roots for later use for three years; b) planting rhizoma paridis: transplanting rhizoma paridis three-year seedlings on the surface of the furrow, wherein the row spacing of the transplanting is controlled to be 15-25cm, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 15-25 cm; c) field management of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla: the field management comprises weeding management, fertilizing management and disease control, weeding cannot be carried out in 6-9 months every year and from 11 months in the current year to 3 months in the next year, shorter grass than paris polyphylla in other months does not need to be pulled out, and the stem of the tall grass is cut off; the fertilization adopts the principle that organic fertilizer is taken as a main material and inorganic fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material; the principle of using bacteria to control bacteria is adopted for disease control.
From the above description of the present invention, it can be seen that the advantages of the present invention over the prior art are: the cultivation method of the compound management is ideal in design, researches are carried out on the aspects of yellow peach planting density, Paris polyphylla planting mode (Paris polyphylla rainproof shade shed specification design and planting cover selection), disease control of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla, inorganic fertilizer types, application technology and the like, so that the quality and yield of the yellow peaches are not influenced while the normal growth of the Paris polyphylla is ensured. The cultivation method has very important application values for fully utilizing land resources, improving the output value of unit area, increasing the income of farmers, improving the risk resistance of the farmers and the like. If the yellow peaches and the paris polyphylla are perennial plants, the root systems of the yellow peaches are deep, the area of the tree crowns is large, and the root systems of the paris polyphylla are shallow and shady, the design of interplanting the yellow peaches and the paris polyphylla is adopted, the fact that the root systems of the yellow peaches and the paris polyphylla are different in depth is fully considered, fertilizer is not strived for, and the root systems of the yellow peaches are deep, so that the deep soil is ventilated, and the shallow paris polyphylla can breathe smoothly. And the crown of the yellow peach tree can shade and moisturize the paris polyphylla, the paris polyphylla is interplanted under the yellow peach tree, and the paris polyphylla can be produced after four years, so that the economic benefit can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the growth effect of yellow peaches interplanted with Paris polyphylla in the second year.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the growth effect of yellow peaches after the fourth year of interplanting Paris polyphylla.
Detailed Description
Example one
The cultivation field is selected as follows: shawugui Lin countryside sago mountain village (height above sea level: 904 m, latitude: 27 degree 7 '43', longitude: 117 degree 2 '44', soil: sandy loam, yellow peach variety brocade yellow peach, rhizoma paridis variety Hua Chong Lou, Nanping city, Fujian province).
A cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peach and Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps:
a) preparing yellow peach seedlings before planting: arranging a yellow peach planting field, sequentially turning the field, digging a fixed planting hole, applying a base fertilizer, digging a ditch, and selecting a bud-grafted yellow peach seedling for later use, wherein the yellow peach seedling requires weak main root, developed lateral root and no root nodule, and the stem of the yellow peach seedling is over 0.6cm thick; the method is characterized in that the soil is ploughed deeply, the ploughing depth is controlled to be 45-55cm (the optimal depth is 50 cm), the field planting ridge width is controlled to be 3.3-3.9m (the optimal ridge width is 3.6 m), the row spacing of the field planting holes is controlled to be 3-4m (the optimal row spacing is 3.5 m), the planting distance is controlled to be 3-4m (the optimal plant spacing is 3.5 m), the furrow width is controlled to be 38-42cm (the optimal furrow width is 40 cm), the furrow depth is controlled to be 48-52cm (the optimal furrow depth is 50 cm), and the depth of the peripherical furrow and the water outlet furrow is controlled to be 68-72 cm (the optimal depth is 70 cm). The base fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure and calcium superphosphate, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of decomposed farmyard manure and 1 part of calcium superphosphate.
b) Planting yellow peach seedlings: planting yellow peach seedlings in planting holes on yellow peach planting beds, and watering enough root fixing water, wherein the yellow peach seedlings are generally planted 2 months before the bottom of the year. The fertilizer and water management must be emphasized in the yellow peach field planting seedlings within 1-2 years to promote the growth of the seedlings, and the seedlings need to be applied thinly and frequently. Young yellow peach trees are interplanted with rhizoma paridis, so that the soil activity is improved and the soil quality is changed. Fertilizing 10 times in 3-6 months per year, and fertilizing urea 50 g/plant; at the end of 6 months to 7 months every year, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 g/plant is applied for 3 times to promote branch maturation and flower bud differentiation, and branch drawing, leaf growing and forming can be carried out as soon as possible only by paying attention to fertilizer and water management in a seedling stage. The application of ammonium carbonate as a top dressing is forbidden, the ammonium carbonate is an alkaline fertilizer, the soil is easy to be alkalized, and the peach roots cannot absorb trace elements in the alkaline soil, so that the symptoms of iron deficiency, magnesium deficiency and the like are caused.
c) Preparation before rhizoma paridis transplantation: arranging the bed surfaces for planting the Paris polyphylla among the planting holes on the yellow peach planting bed, covering a special base fertilizer which is turned into the bed along with the turning of the soil on each bed surface, and selecting the Paris polyphylla with obvious roots for later use; the ridge surface is a ridge surface of a hilly land, the ridge surface is a forest downhill land which is high in terrain and good in drainage, soil is acidic sandy loam rich in humus, the ridge surface is arranged along the hilly land, and the gradient of the ridge surface is controlled to be 10-15 degrees; the width of the ridge surface is controlled to be 1.3-1.7M (the optimal ridge width is 1.5M), two sides of the ridge surface are respectively dug with a ridge ditch connected with the planting ridge ditch of the yellow peaches, the width of the ridge ditch is controlled to be 28-32cm (the optimal ridge width is 1.5M), and the depth of the ridge ditch is controlled to be 22-28cm (the optimal depth is 25 cm); the special base fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure, mushroom bran and calcium superphosphate, and consists of the following components in parts by weight: the special base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of decomposed farmyard manure, 5 parts by weight of mushroom bran and 1.5 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, piling, covering with a plastic film, and piling for more than 3 months. The decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of humus soil, 40 parts of cattle and sheep manure mixture, 15 parts of bamboo powder, 10 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of egg shell powder, 10 parts of rapeseed cakes and 2 parts of biological strains are placed in a retting pit for retting for more than 3 months, the retting temperature is 25 ℃, turning is performed once every 7 days during the retting period, and 10 parts of clear water is sprayed while turning. The decomposed farmyard manure is used as a base material, so that the farmyard manure is rich in cellulose and various organic nutrients, is easy to absorb by soil, is loose in soil, is beneficial to improving the soil fertility, is beneficial to absorbing rhizoma paridis and promotes growth.
d) Planting rhizoma paridis: transplanting rhizoma paridis three-year seedlings on the ridge surfaces, controlling the row spacing of the transplanting at 15-25cm (the optimal row spacing is 20 cm), controlling the plant spacing at 15-25cm (the optimal plant spacing is 20 cm), setting up a sunshade net supported by 4 bamboos on each ridge surface, controlling the length, width and height of the sunshade at 2.5m x 1.0.0-1.5 m x 1.0.0-1.2 m (the optimal length, width and height are 2.5m x 1.2.2 m x1.0 m), and controlling the mesh number of the sunshade net at 70-80 meshes (the optimal mesh number is 75 meshes); selecting to transplant in the current year at 10 months, covering a layer of pine needles on the ridge surface after the paris polyphylla transplantation is completed, wherein the thickness of the pine needles as a covering is 1.5-2cm (the optimal height above the ground is 1.6 cm), sufficiently watering for fixing roots, and watering once every 10-15 days to ensure that the relative humidity of the ridge surface is controlled at 34-40%; when the crown of the yellow peach is enlarged to be in shade (generally in the third year), the sunshade shed is dismantled.
e) Field management of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla: the field management comprises weeding management, soil management, fertilization management and disease control. The weeding management mode is based on the principle that Paris polyphylla and underground roots are not damaged, sunlight intensity is high in 6-9 months per year, weeding cannot be conducted in 11 months per year to 3 months in the next year in other months, grass which is shorter than Paris polyphylla in other months does not need to be pulled out, the effects of removing heat and preserving moisture and microclimate can be achieved, Paris polyphylla growth is facilitated, tall grass is cut off by adopting stems, soil is kept as much as possible, and the roots of Paris polyphylla are not damaged; the soil management mode is as follows: the planting soil of the paris polyphylla is required to be loose, and the paris polyphylla has shallow root systems, slow growth and few but long root systems, so that the soil is required to be turned deeply in the first year of transplantation, and the growth of the root systems is facilitated; when rainy season, soil is very easily hardened into blocks, the growth of root systems is easily blocked, the breathing is difficult, drainage and waterlogging prevention are needed in time at the moment, intertillage needs to be frequently carried out, soil is shallowly loosened, the permeability of the soil is guaranteed, and the root systems can normally grow. The fertilizer application adopts the principle that organic fertilizer is taken as the main material and inorganic fertilizer is taken as the auxiliary material, fully decomposed farmyard manure is used as the organic fertilizer for top dressing once in middle ten days of autumn every year, and the top dressing amount is controlled to be 1400-1600 kg/mu each time; and still need to adopt inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization, concrete inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization mode: and in 3-5 months, the ratio of N: p: k = 17: 17: 17, spraying the compound fertilizer once every 30 days, and spraying potassium fulvate once every 30 days in 5-8 months; the disease control adopts the principle of controlling bacteria by bacteria, and the specific disease control scheme is as follows: the trichoderma and bacillus are prepared into a 1:1 mixed biocontrol strain, the biocontrol strain is sprayed every 30d-45d for 3-7 months, and the application concentration is controlled between 5 x 10^6cfu/mL to 8 x 10^6 cfu/mL. After four years, 200kg of paris polyphylla can be produced per mu, and the output value is 16 ten thousand yuan. Reference is made in particular to the description accompanying fig. 1 and 2.
Example two
The present embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that: the ridge surface is a flat ridge surface with a higher terrain, the ridge surface is a dry land with good drainage, the soil is humus rich in humus, the ridge surface is arranged to be high in the middle and low in the two sides, the gradient of the ridge surface is controlled to be 10-15 degrees, drainage is facilitated, each ridge surface is fixed by a root control container, and the ground clearance of each root control container is controlled to be 20-25cm (the optimal height is 22 cm). The special base fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure, mushroom bran and calcium superphosphate, and consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of mushroom residue and 1.0 part of calcium superphosphate. The decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of humus soil, 30 parts of cattle and sheep manure mixture, 20 parts of bamboo powder, 5 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of egg shell powder, 5 parts of rapeseed cakes and 5 parts of biological strains are placed in a retting pit for retting for more than 3 months, the retting temperature is 28 ℃, turning is performed once every 9 days during the retting period, and 6 parts of clear water is sprayed while turning is performed. The decomposed farmyard manure is used as a base material, so that the farmyard manure is rich in cellulose and various organic nutrients, is easy to absorb by soil, is loose in soil, is beneficial to improving the soil fertility, is beneficial to absorbing rhizoma paridis and promotes growth.
EXAMPLE III
A cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peach and Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps:
a) preparation before rhizoma paridis transplantation: in a yellow peach planting field with shade for more than three years, arranging ridge surfaces for planting paris polyphylla between planting holes on yellow peach planting ridges, covering a special base fertilizer which is turned into the ridge along with turning over the land on each ridge surface, fixing each ridge surface by a root control container, controlling the ground height of each root control container to be 20-25cm (the optimal height is 22 cm), and selecting paris polyphylla seedlings with obvious roots for later use; the land surface is selected from an open forest land with high terrain and good drainage, humus soil rich in humus is used as a paris polyphylla planting base, the land surface is arranged along the mountain, and the gradient of the land surface is controlled to be 10-15 degrees; the width of the ridge surface is controlled to be 1.3-1.7M (the optimal ridge width is 1.5M), two sides of the ridge surface are respectively dug with a ridge ditch connected with the planting ridge ditch of the yellow peaches, the width of the ridge ditch is controlled to be 28-32cm (the optimal ridge width is 1.5M), and the depth of the ridge ditch is controlled to be 22-28cm (the optimal depth is 25 cm); the special base fertilizer comprises decomposed farmyard manure, mushroom bran and calcium superphosphate, and consists of the following components in parts by weight: the special base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 35 parts by weight of decomposed farmyard manure, 3 parts by weight of mushroom bran and 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate to form a pile, then covering a plastic film on the pile, and stacking for more than 3 months. The decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 parts of humus soil, 35 parts of cattle and sheep manure mixture, 18 parts of bamboo powder, 8 parts of plant ash, 16 parts of egg shell powder, 8 parts of rapeseed cakes and 4 parts of biological strains are placed in a retting pit for retting for more than 3 months, the retting temperature is 26 ℃, turning is performed once every 8 days during the retting period, and 8 parts of clear water is sprayed while turning. The decomposed farmyard manure is used as a base material, so that the farmyard manure is rich in cellulose and various organic nutrients, is easy to absorb by soil, is loose in soil, is beneficial to improving the soil fertility, is beneficial to absorbing rhizoma paridis and promotes growth.
b) Planting rhizoma paridis: transplanting rhizoma paridis three-year seedlings on the surface of the furrow, controlling the row spacing of the transplanting to be 15-25cm (the optimal row spacing is 20 cm), controlling the plant spacing to be 15-25cm (the optimal plant spacing is 20 cm), selecting to transplant in the current year within 10 months, covering a layer of pine needles on the surface of the furrow after the rhizoma paridis transplanting is finished, watering enough root fixing water, and watering once every 10-15 days to keep the relative humidity of the surface of the furrow to be 34-40%.
c) Field management of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla: the field management comprises weeding management, soil management, fertilization management and disease control. The weeding management mode is based on the principle that Paris polyphylla and underground roots are not damaged, sunlight intensity is high in 6-9 months per year, weeding cannot be conducted in 11 months per year to 3 months in the next year in other months, grass which is shorter than Paris polyphylla in other months does not need to be pulled out, the effects of removing heat and preserving moisture and microclimate can be achieved, Paris polyphylla growth is facilitated, tall grass is cut off by adopting stems, soil is kept as much as possible, and the roots of Paris polyphylla are not damaged; the soil management mode is as follows: the planting soil of the paris polyphylla is required to be loose, and the paris polyphylla has shallow root systems, slow growth and few but long root systems, so that the soil is required to be turned deeply in the first year of transplantation, and the growth of the root systems is facilitated; when rainy season, soil is very easily hardened into blocks, the growth of root systems is easily blocked, the breathing is difficult, drainage and waterlogging prevention are needed in time at the moment, intertillage needs to be frequently carried out, soil is shallowly loosened, the permeability of the soil is guaranteed, and the root systems can normally grow. The fertilizer application adopts the principle that organic fertilizers are used as main materials and inorganic fertilizers are used as auxiliary materials, fully decomposed farmyard manure is used as the organic fertilizer for top dressing once in the middle ten days of autumn every year, and the top dressing amount is controlled to be 1400-1600 kg/mu (the optimal top dressing amount is 1500 kg/mu); and still need to adopt inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization, concrete inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization mode: and in 3-5 months, the ratio of N: p: k = 17: 17: 17, spraying the compound fertilizer once every 30 days, and spraying potassium fulvate once every 30 days in 5-8 months; the disease control adopts the principle of controlling bacteria by bacteria, and the specific disease control scheme is as follows: the trichoderma and bacillus are prepared into a 1:1 mixed biocontrol strain, the biocontrol strain is sprayed every 30d-45d for 3-7 months, and the application concentration is controlled between 5 x 10^6cfu/mL to 8 x 10^6 cfu/mL.
In addition, the surface of the ridge can be covered with a layer of bamboo powder firstly and then covered with a layer of pine needles. The bamboo powder is combined with the design of the pine needles, so that the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited, the soil is further prevented from hardening, the air permeability of the soil is enhanced, organic matters are decomposed after fermentation and decay, humus is formed, the loss of nutrient substances along with water and soil can be effectively reduced, the soil fertility is increased, the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is promoted, and the ecological balance of the soil is maintained. The thickness of the bamboo powder is controlled to be 3-5cm, and the mesh number of the bamboo powder is controlled to be 40-100 meshes.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) preparing yellow peach seedlings before planting: arranging a yellow peach planting field, sequentially turning the field, digging a fixed planting hole, applying a base fertilizer, digging a ditch, and selecting bud-grafted yellow peach seedlings for later use;
b) planting yellow peach seedlings: planting yellow peach seedlings in planting holes on the yellow peach planting beds, and watering enough root fixing water;
c) preparation before rhizoma paridis transplantation: arranging the bed surfaces for planting the Paris polyphylla among the planting holes on the yellow peach planting bed, covering a special base fertilizer which is turned into the bed along with the turning of the soil on each bed surface, and selecting the Paris polyphylla with obvious roots for later use;
d) planting rhizoma paridis: transplanting rhizoma paridis three-year seedlings on the ridge surfaces, building a sunshade net on each ridge surface, covering the ridge surfaces with pine needles, and removing the sunshade when the crown of the yellow peach expands to shade;
e) field management of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla: the field management comprises weeding management, fertilizing management and disease control, weeding cannot be carried out in 6-9 months every year and from 11 months in the current year to 3 months in the next year, shorter grass than paris polyphylla in other months does not need to be pulled out, and the stem of the tall grass is cut off; the fertilization adopts the principle that organic fertilizer is taken as a main material and inorganic fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material; the principle of using bacteria to control bacteria is adopted for disease control.
2. The cultivation method for combined operation of yellow peach and rhizoma paridis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step a), the soil turning is deep turning, the depth of the deep turning is controlled to be 45-55cm, the width of a field planting ridge is controlled to be 3.3-3.9m, the row spacing of a planting hole is controlled to be 3-4m, the plant spacing is controlled to be 3-4m, the furrow width is controlled to be 38-42cm, the furrow depth is controlled to be 48-52cm, the depth of a circumferential furrow and a water outlet furrow is controlled to be 68-72 cm, the yellow peach seedlings are weak in main roots, strong in lateral roots and free of root nodules, and the stem thickness of the yellow peach seedlings is more than 0.6 cm.
3. The cultivation method for combined operation of yellow peach and rhizoma paridis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: if the ridge surface in the step c) is a ridge surface of a hilly land, the ridge surface is arranged along the mountain, the gradient of the ridge surface is controlled to be 10-15 degrees, if the ridge surface is a ridge surface of a flat land, the ridge surface is arranged to be high in the middle and low in two sides, and the gradient of the ridge surface is also controlled to be 10-15 degrees; the width of the ridge surface is controlled to be 1.3-1.7M, two ridges connected with the planting ridges of the yellow peaches are dug on two sides of the ridge surface, the width of each ridge is controlled to be 28-32cm, and the depth of each ridge is controlled to be 22-28 cm; the special base fertilizer in the step c) comprises decomposed farmyard manure, plant ash, mushroom bran and calcium superphosphate, and consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 3-8 parts of mushroom bran and 1.0-2.0 parts of calcium superphosphate; in the step c), each ridge surface is fixed by a root control container, and the ground clearance of each root control container is controlled to be 20-25 cm.
4. The cultivation method for combined operation of yellow peach and rhizoma paridis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the row spacing of the three-year seedling transplantation of the paris polyphylla in the step d) is controlled to be 15-25cm, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 15-25 cm; the length, width and height of the sunshade in the step d) are controlled to be 2.5m x 1.0.0-1.5 m x 1.0.0-1.2 m; the thickness of the pine needles used as the covering in the step d) is 1.5-2 cm.
5. The cultivation method for combined operation of yellow peach and rhizoma paridis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step e), fully decomposed farmyard manure is used as organic fertilizer for topdressing once in middle autumn every year, and the topdressing amount is controlled to be 1400-1600 kg/mu each time; and still need to adopt inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization, concrete inorganic fertilizer cooperation fertilization mode: and in 3-5 months, the ratio of N: p: k = 17: 17: 17, spraying the compound fertilizer once every 30 days, and spraying potassium fulvate once every 30 days in 5-8 months; the specific disease control scheme in the step e) is as follows: the trichoderma and bacillus are prepared into a 1:1 mixed biocontrol strain, the biocontrol strain is sprayed every 30d-45d for 3-7 months, and the application concentration is controlled between 5 x 10^6cfu/mL to 8 x 10^6 cfu/mL.
6. A cultivation method for compound operation of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla is characterized by comprising the following steps: a) preparation before rhizoma paridis transplantation: in a yellow peach planting field shaded for more than three years, arranging ridge surfaces for planting paris polyphylla between planting holes on yellow peach planting ridges, covering a special base fertilizer which is turned into the ridge along with turning over the land on each ridge surface, fixing each ridge surface by using a root control container, and selecting paris polyphylla seedlings with obvious roots for later use for three years; b) planting rhizoma paridis: transplanting rhizoma paridis three-year seedlings on the surface of the furrow, wherein the row spacing of the transplanting is controlled to be 15-25cm, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 15-25 cm; c) field management of yellow peaches and Paris polyphylla: the field management comprises weeding management, fertilizing management and disease control, weeding cannot be carried out in 6-9 months every year and from 11 months in the current year to 3 months in the next year, shorter grass than paris polyphylla in other months does not need to be pulled out, and the stem of the tall grass is cut off; the fertilization adopts the principle that organic fertilizer is taken as a main material and inorganic fertilizer is taken as an auxiliary material; the principle of using bacteria to control bacteria is adopted for disease control.
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