CN111869528A - Overhead potato-bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting - Google Patents
Overhead potato-bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869528A CN111869528A CN202010726370.9A CN202010726370A CN111869528A CN 111869528 A CN111869528 A CN 111869528A CN 202010726370 A CN202010726370 A CN 202010726370A CN 111869528 A CN111869528 A CN 111869528A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/022—Pots for vertical horticulture
- A01G9/024—Hanging flower pots and baskets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses an overhead planting and aerial potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam, which can bear potato bearing on the ground, solve the problem of time and labor consumption in Chinese yam harvesting and enable Chinese yam planting to be free from terrain limitation. The cultivation method for overhead planting and aerial bearing of Chinese yams adopts a Chinese yam planting frame; further comprising the steps of: s1, preparing an organic fertilizer; s2, placing the base fertilizer into a planting mould; and hanging the planting box on a transverse supporting rod; s3, planting the Chinese yam seeds in a planting mould; s4, when the Chinese yam seeds germinate and grow vines, introducing the vines of the Chinese yams to a climbing net; s5, regularly irrigating and fertilizing the Chinese yams; and the management of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out regularly; s6, after the root of the Chinese yam tuber penetrates through the box body, spraying carbendazim and mancozeb regularly every month; s7, harvesting after the potatoes grow up. The cultivation method for overhead planting of Chinese yams and aerial potato bearing does not need intertillage and weeding; planting in one year, and harvesting for many years; the harvest is simple and convenient; breaking the continuous cropping age of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to planting of Chinese yams, in particular to an overhead potato-bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting.
Background
It is well known that: the Chinese yam has more than 3000 years of artificial cultivation history in China, the traditional cultivation method is artificial ditching cultivation, the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and is very unfavorable for popularizing Chinese yam cultivation in suitable areas. Along with the progress of science and technology, the Chinese yam planting gradually moves to mechanization, and various time-saving and labor-saving cultivation technologies appear. Mechanical ditching planting and punching planting are created in Jiangsu, Chinese yams are planted in the places such as Henan and Shandong through sleeves, and a Chinese yam directional tuber-bearing cultivation technology is invented in Guangxi farm courtyard. Relevant researches show that compared with conventional cultivation, the Chinese yam cultivation by punching, pipeline and drilled pipeline can achieve the effect of increasing yield, the labor input amount during harvesting is correspondingly reduced, but the punching planting and casing pipe cultivation technology is only suitable for sporadic cultivation on small plots, and the ditching method is high in practicability and more suitable for large-area planting. The oriented yam bearing cultivation technology is characterized in that the Chinese yams are planted in the plastic grooves, underground tubers grow along the direction of the shallow grooves, harvesting is very convenient, and meanwhile, the planting cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a Chinese yam overhead planting and aerial tuber-bearing cultivation method which can cause Chinese yams to bear tuber on the ground, solve the problem of time and labor consumption in Chinese yam harvesting, and enable Chinese yams suspended above the ground to be picked off by both hands during harvesting, so that Chinese yam planting is not limited by terrain.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an overhead potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting adopts a Chinese yam planting frame; the Chinese yam planting frames are arranged side by side; and the row spacing between two adjacent rows of Chinese yam planting frames is 1.3 to 1.5 meters;
the Chinese yam planting frame comprises at least two upright posts; a transverse top end fixing rope is arranged at the upper end of the upright post; a transverse middle fixing rope is arranged in the middle of the upright post;
the lower end of the upright post is provided with a transverse supporting rod; a planting box is hung below the transverse supporting rod; an irrigation device is arranged above the planting box;
the planting box comprises a box body; a biological membrane is arranged in the middle of the box body; the bottom of the biological membrane is provided with a through hole;
a growth film is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body; the bottom of the box body is provided with a potato hole; a sandy soil layer is arranged between the bottom of the biological film and the growth film; organic fertilizer is arranged in the biological film;
further comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing an organic fertilizer;
s2, placing a base fertilizer into the biofilm; and hanging the planting box on a transverse supporting rod;
s3, planting Chinese yam seeds into the biomembrane;
s4, when the Chinese yam seeds germinate and grow vines, introducing the vines of the Chinese yams to a climbing net;
s5, regularly irrigating and fertilizing the Chinese yams; and the management of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out regularly;
s6, after the root of the Chinese yam tuber penetrates through the box body 21, spraying carbendazim and mancozeb regularly every month;
s7, harvesting the Chinese yams after the roots of the Chinese yams grow up.
Furthermore, the irrigation device comprises an irrigation pipe, a booster pump and a water supply pipe; one end of the water supply pipe is communicated with the booster pump;
at least two side pipes are arranged on the water supply pipe; a flow regulating valve is arranged on the side pipe; the side pipe is communicated with the irrigation pipe; the bottom of the irrigation pipe is provided with radially distributed spraying holes.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step S1 is a mixture of 30% -40% of coke soil, 30% -40% of farmyard manure, 10% of plant ash and 10% of rapeseed cakes.
Furthermore, through holes are formed in the upper ends of the stand columns, two ends of the top end fixing rope respectively penetrate through the through holes of the stand columns at the two ends of the top end fixing rope, and the two ends of the top end fixing rope are fixed; the connecting structure of the middle fixing rope and the upright post is the same as the connecting structure of the top fixing rope and the upright post.
Preferably, the fixed rope is a steel wire rope.
Preferably, the transverse supporting rod is a stainless steel rod.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent upright columns in the Chinese yam planting frame is 4-6 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the overhead planting and aerial potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yams, the traditional planting habit is broken through by means of overhead planting and aerial potato bearing technical measures, the Chinese yams bear potatoes on the ground, the problem that the Chinese yams are time-consuming and labor-consuming in harvesting is solved, the Chinese yams suspended above the ground are only needed to be picked off by two hands in the harvesting process, and planting is not limited by terrain. Secondly, a biofilm is arranged above the sandy soil layer, so that rapid evaporation of water from the culture medium can be prevented.
Simultaneously, the method has the following beneficial effects: no need of intertillage and weeding; planting in one year, and harvesting for many years; the harvest is simple and convenient; breaking the continuous cropping age of the soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a Chinese yam planting rack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a Chinese yam planting rack in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a Chinese yam planting rack in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a planting box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an irrigation tube in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
the following are marked in the figure: 100-Chinese yam planting frame, 200-water supply pipe, 300-flow regulating valve, 400-booster pump; 1-upright column, 2-planting box, 3-top fixing rope, 4-middle fixing rope, 5-climbing net, 6-irrigation pipe, 7-transverse support rod and 8-lifting rope.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the overhead planting and air potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam according to the present invention adopts a Chinese yam planting frame 100; the Chinese yam planting frames 100 are arranged side by side; and the row spacing between two adjacent rows of Chinese yam planting frames 100 is 1.3 to 1.5 meters;
the Chinese yam planting frame 100 comprises at least two upright posts 1; the upper end of the upright post 1 is provided with a transverse top end fixing rope 3; a transverse middle fixing rope 4 is arranged in the middle of the upright post 1;
the lower end of the upright post 1 is provided with a transverse supporting rod 7; the planting box 2 is hung below the transverse supporting rod 7 through a lifting rope; an irrigation device is arranged above the planting box 2;
the planting box 2 comprises a box body 21; a biological membrane 23 is arranged in the middle of the box body 21; the bottom of the biological membrane 23 is provided with a through hole 24;
a growth film 27 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body 21; the bottom of the box body 21 is provided with a potato hole 26;
a sandy soil layer 22 is arranged between the bottom of the biological film 23 and the growth film 27; an organic fertilizer 25 is arranged in the biological film 23;
further comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing an organic fertilizer 25;
s2, placing the base fertilizer into the biological film 23; and the planting box 2 is hung on the transverse supporting rod 7;
s3, planting Chinese yam seeds into the biological membrane 23;
s4, when the Chinese yam seeds germinate and grow vines, introducing the vines of the Chinese yams to the climbing net 5;
s5, regularly irrigating and fertilizing the Chinese yams; and the management of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out regularly;
s6, after the root of the Chinese yam tuber penetrates through the box body 21, spraying carbendazim and mancozeb regularly every month;
s7, harvesting the Chinese yams after the roots of the Chinese yams grow up.
Specifically, the box body 21 adopts a foam box; the growth film 27 adopts a plastic film; in the planting process of the Chinese yams, the tips of the Chinese yam fibrous roots are rotten after the Chinese yams penetrate through the foam box, the Chinese yam blocks cannot be mildewed and rotten after penetrating through the foam box and are slowly aged, the Chinese yams planted in the plastic bag do not have the fibrous roots broken, the fibrous roots grow normally, and the potato blocks can penetrate through the plastic bag. Therefore, the fibrous roots of the Chinese yams can be in the sandy soil layer 22, and the Chinese yam blocks penetrate through the foam breaking box and grow to be mature at the bottom of the foam box.
In the application process, in order to realize automatic irrigation, further, the irrigation device comprises an irrigation pipe 6, a booster pump 400 and a water supply pipe 200; one end of the water supply pipe 200 is communicated with the booster pump 400;
at least two side pipes are provided on the water supply pipe 200; a flow regulating valve 300 is arranged on the side pipe; the side pipe is communicated with the irrigation pipe 6; the bottom of the irrigation pipe 6 is provided with radially distributed spray holes 61.
In order to realize the timed automatic irrigation, it is preferable that the flow regulating valve 300 is a solenoid valve.
In order to improve the yield and ensure all nutrients required by the growth of the Chinese yams, further, the organic fertilizer 25 in the step S1 is a mixture of 30% -40% of coke soil, 30% -40% of farmyard manure, 10% of plant ash and 10% of rapeseed cakes.
In order to facilitate installation of the climbing net, specifically, through holes are formed in the upper ends of the upright columns 1, two ends of the top end fixing rope 3 respectively penetrate through the through holes of the upright columns 1 at two ends of the top end fixing rope 3, and two ends of the top end fixing rope 3 are fixed; the connecting structure of the middle fixing rope 4 and the upright post 1 is the same as the connecting structure of the top fixing rope 3 and the upright post 1.
In order to reduce the cost and facilitate the installation, it is preferable that the fixing rope 3 is a steel wire rope. The transverse supporting rod 7 is a stainless steel rod.
In order to improve the yield, the distance between two adjacent columns 1 in the Chinese yam planting frame 100 is preferably 4 to 6 meters.
Examples
1. Building a planting frame 1, wherein the upright post 1 adopts a cement post, and the top fixing rope 3 and the middle fixing rope 4 both adopt steel wires; the climbing net 5 is a nylon net;
in the process of building the frame, the row spacing between the planting frames is 1.3-1.5 m, 1 self-made cement column (the specification is that the length is multiplied by the width is multiplied by 300cm multiplied by 10cm, 1 small hole is prefabricated at the distance of 20cm and 150cm from the top end of each cement column for penetrating a steel wire, a hole diameter of 1.5-2cm is prefabricated at the distance of 180cm from the top end of each cement column, the hole diameter is transversely parallel to the direction of the small hole for penetrating an iron rod) is buried underground by 30-40cm, and the overground part is 260-inch-plus 270 cm. The steel wires are connected and fixed through the small holes of each upright post, then the upper end of a nylon net with the width of 1.3m and the specification of 5cm multiplied by 5cm is fixed on the steel wires,
2. an organic fertilizer 25 is prepared; the organic fertilizer 25 is a mixture of 30-40% of coke soil, 30-40% of farmyard manure, 10% of plant ash and 10% of rapeseed cakes.
3. Placing the base fertilizer into the biological film 23; and the planting box 2 is hung on the transverse supporting rod 7; 4. connecting a dropper; wherein the planting box 2 comprises a box body 21; a biological membrane 23 is arranged in the middle of the box body 21; the bottom of the biological membrane 23 is provided with a through hole 24;
a growth film 27 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body 21; the bottom of the box body 21 is provided with a potato hole 26;
a sandy soil layer 22 is arranged between the bottom of the biological film 23 and the growth film 27; an organic fertilizer 25 is arranged in the biological film 23.
4. Arranging an irrigation device on the planting box 2, wherein the irrigation device comprises an irrigation pipe 6, a booster pump 400 and a water supply pipe 200; one end of the water supply pipe 200 is communicated with the booster pump 400;
at least two side pipes are provided on the water supply pipe 200; a flow regulating valve 300 is arranged on the side pipe; the side pipe is communicated with the irrigation pipe 6; the bottom of the irrigation pipe 6 is provided with radially distributed spray holes 61.
5. Chinese yam seeds are planted into the biofilm 23.
6. When the Chinese yam seeds germinate and grow vines, the vines of the Chinese yam are led to the climbing net 5;
7. irrigating and fertilizing the Chinese yams at regular intervals; and the management of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out regularly;
8. after the root of the Chinese yam tuber penetrates through the box body 21, spraying with carbendazim and mancozeb regularly every month;
9. and harvesting the Chinese yams after the root of the Chinese yams grows up.
Claims (7)
1. The overhead potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting is characterized in that a Chinese yam planting frame (100) is adopted; the Chinese yam planting frames (100) are arranged side by side; and the row spacing between two adjacent rows of Chinese yam planting frames (100) is 1.3 to 1.5 meters;
the Chinese yam planting frame (100) comprises at least two upright posts (1); the upper end of the upright post (1) is provided with a transverse top end fixing rope (3); a transverse middle fixing rope (4) is arranged in the middle of the upright post (1);
the lower end of the upright post (1) is provided with a transverse supporting rod (7); a planting box (2) is hung below the transverse supporting rod (7) through a lifting rope; an irrigation device is arranged above the planting box (2);
the planting box (2) comprises a box body (21); a biological membrane (23) is arranged in the middle of the box body (21); the bottom of the biological membrane (23) is provided with a through hole (24);
a growth film (27) is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body (21); the bottom of the box body (21) is provided with a potato bearing hole (26);
a sandy soil layer (22) is arranged between the bottom of the biological film (23) and the growth film (27); an organic fertilizer (25) is arranged in the biological film (23);
further comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing an organic fertilizer (25);
s2, placing the base fertilizer into the biological membrane (23); and the planting box (2) is hung on the transverse supporting rod (7);
s3, planting Chinese yam seeds into the biological membrane (23);
s4, when the Chinese yam seeds germinate and grow vines, introducing the vines of the Chinese yams to the climbing net (5);
s6, after the root of the Chinese yam tuber passes through the box body (21), spraying with carbendazim and mancozeb regularly every month;
s7, harvesting the Chinese yams after the roots of the Chinese yams grow up.
2. The overhead planting and air potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 1, characterized in that: the irrigation device comprises an irrigation pipe (6), a booster pump (400) and a water supply pipe (200); one end of the water supply pipe (200) is communicated with the booster pump (400);
at least two side pipes are arranged on the water supply pipe (200); a flow regulating valve (300) is arranged on the side pipe; the side pipe is communicated with the irrigation pipe (6); the bottom of the irrigation pipe (6) is provided with radially distributed spraying holes (61).
3. The overhead planting and air potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S1, the organic fertilizer (25) is a mixture of 30-40% of coke soil, 30-40% of farmyard manure, 10% of plant ash and 10% of rapeseed cakes.
4. The overhead planting and air potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 3, characterized in that: the upper end of the upright post (1) is provided with a through hole, and the two ends of the top end fixing rope (3) respectively penetrate through the through holes of the upright posts (1) at the two ends of the top end fixing rope (3) to fix the two ends of the top end fixing rope (3); the connecting structure of the middle fixing rope (4) and the upright post (1) is the same as the connecting structure of the top fixing rope (3) and the upright post (1).
5. The overhead planting and air potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 4, characterized in that: the fixed rope (3) is a steel wire rope.
6. The overhead planting and air bearing cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 5, characterized in that: the transverse supporting rod (7) adopts a stainless steel rod.
7. The overhead planting and air potato bearing cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 6, characterized in that: the distance between two adjacent upright posts (1) in the Chinese yam planting frame (100) is 4-6 m.
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| CN202010726370.9A CN111869528A (en) | 2020-07-25 | 2020-07-25 | Overhead potato-bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting |
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