CN104770176A - Chinese yam cultivation method - Google Patents
Chinese yam cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104770176A CN104770176A CN201510183346.4A CN201510183346A CN104770176A CN 104770176 A CN104770176 A CN 104770176A CN 201510183346 A CN201510183346 A CN 201510183346A CN 104770176 A CN104770176 A CN 104770176A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese yam cultivation method, which relates to the field of crop cultivation technology. The method includes: variety selection and breeding; soil preparation and plotting: each plot is sloped, the slope of each plot is 10 to 15 degrees, the width of the plot surface is 150cm, and the height of the higher side of the plot surface is 28cm to 31cm; directional trough planting and support erection; vine leading and training, cultivation and banking; fertilizer and water management: additional fertilizer is applied, and water is poured; disease and insect pest control: mainly, stress is laid on the control of soil insects and anthracnose; seedling control; harvesting. Compared with the prior art, the Chinese yam cultivation method utilizes directional troughs to guide the tubers of Chinese yams to transversely grow in the shallow soil layer, thus solving the problem of great harvesting labor intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, the implantation methods of especially a kind of Huai Shan.
Background technology
Huai Shan has another name called Chinese yam rhizome, and be the one-tenth name of an article of Chinese yam, be herbaceos perennial, stem is overgrow, and is often with purple, and block root is cylindrical, and leaf is to life, avette or oval, the starch-containing and protein of block root.Interrelated data shows, a large amount of protein, B family vitamin, vitamin C, vitamin E, glucose, crude protein amino acid, bile alkaline, allantoin etc. are rich in mountain, Huaihe River, Human Lipid Metabolism can be prevented and treated abnormal, and arteriosclerosis, to safeguarding that insulin normal function also has certain effect, there is enhancing body immunity, beneficial heart and tranquilizing mind, rather cough Dingchuan, the health-care effect such as delay senility; Wherein important nutrient component Chinese yam soap is the precursor materials of synthesis estrogen, nourishment for vitality, strengthens metabolic effect; And the mucilaginous substance, zymigen etc. of the GL-PP composition contained in fresh tuber, cardiovascular fat deposition can be prevented, contribute to the absorption and digestion of stomach and intestine; In recent years, along with people increase the demand of nutraceutical, supply falls short of demand for mountain, Huaihe River demand, price escalation, and thus, development planting Chinese yam is undoubtedly one of peasant's main path increasing income.
The environmental condition that mountain, Huaihe River planting requirement is moistening, sunny, warm, deep, fertile, the well-drained the most applicable Huai Shan of sand grows, and mountain, Huaihe River tuber growth is to ground bottom growth, what have is one meter, adding that mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber quality is tender and crisp, so gather, labour intensity is large, time-consuming, and mountain, Huaihe River damage by disease and insect is as serious in anthracnose, leaf spot, the climing maize ear rot of stem and two spotted spider mite, prodenia litura etc., greatly have impact on the income of peasant and the quality of Huai Shan.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of have gather easily, mountain, Huaihe River guide slot implantation methods that output is high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: comprise the following steps:
A, seed selection are bred: mountain, the Huaihe River kind of Fruit variety Resistant, high yield, high-quality;
B, turn over, whole play furrow: plant and turn over for first 10 ~ 20 days, killing pathogenic bacteria worm, ploughing depth is 40cm ~ 50cm; Organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, play furrow wholely, and furrow are high low, and the gradient is 30 degree, furrow face width 150cm, one side height 28cm ~ 31cm that furrow face is high;
C, plantation, built: adopt guide slot plantation, in step B the furrow face of rising is the groove of 110cm along direction, slope by spacing in the rows 10cm excavation length, in groove, put guide slot, guide slot groove width 5cm ~ 6cm, groove depth 3cm ~ 4cm; The husk mixed and fertilizer is piled in groove, the mass ratio of fertilizer and husk is 4:6, then on husk, backfill the high sandy soil of 7cm, the sandy content of sandy soil is 30%, then lid mulch film, and on mulch film, mark buries the position of guide slot underground, 5cm place above one end of guide slot, break mountain, Huaihe River potato seed block sheet under mulch film kind, and then on mulch film earthing 8cm, planting density is every mu of plantation 1500 ~ 1800 strains;
D, draw climing training, cultivation and banking;
E, rich water quality management: topdress, water;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest: control soil insect and anthracnose are main;
G, control seedling: spring sowing Huai Shan in 8-9 month, summer sowing Huai Shan in 11-12 month, when the large climing top of portion master stops growing substantially, starting occurs blooming when taking out flower bud, show that Huai Shan has carried out the rapid expanding stage of potato block, now spray a bud row control without improvement or progress seedling, promote that potato block expands;
H, to gather: when gathering, first the soil block on groove is excavated, expose the bending edge of locating slot, excavate with hand.
In technique scheme, scheme can also be more specifically: in step A, the material of breeding of choosing seeds in breeding is that stem tuber is bred, mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber is cut into the block potato that weight is 0.1kg, hydrated lime in powder or ash is coated in incision, and be placed in indoor storage 2 ~ 3d, vernalization after wound healing, to plant.
Further: mountain, described Huaihe River stem tuber before vernalization with mancozeb or topsin or make hectogram dilution soak 5 ~ 10min, get final product Pregermination and seedling breeding after drying.
Further: in step B, the fertilizer executed is every mu of 500kg ~ 600kg, and composite fertilizer is every mu of 50kg.
Further: in step C, described plantation is guide slot plantation, in step B the furrow face of rising is the groove of 110cm along direction, slope by spacing in the rows 10cm excavation length, in groove, put guide slot, guide slot groove width 5cm ~ 6cm, groove depth 3cm ~ 4cm; The husk mixed and fertilizer is piled in groove, the mass ratio of fertilizer and husk is 4:6, then on husk, backfill the high sandy soil of 7cm, the sandy content of sandy soil is 30%, then lid mulch film, and on mulch film, mark buries the position of guide slot underground, 5cm place above one end of guide slot, break mountain, Huaihe River potato seed block sheet under mulch film kind, and then on mulch film earthing 8cm, planting density is every mu of plantation 1500 ~ 1800 strains.
Further: at composite fertilizer 600 ㎏ of tuber growth initial stage per hectare containing N, P, K each 15%; Grow to after 60cm until seedling, draw climing added, the climing seedling of strong master 1 ~ 2 is only stayed in every dibbling strain, the sprouting wiped out lateral bine and sprout from potato seed, once newborn lateral bud of erasing for every 5 days; Stem climing added after intertill, removing plant weeds nearby, every first quarter moon once, until the climing upper semi-frame of stem; When intertilling at every turn, the soil in ditch has been dug the both sides that a part Pei not arrive furrow, form high furrow, frame forms dark 20cm in the ranks outward, the furrow ditch of wide 30cm.
Further: in described F step, for the control of anthracnose, be with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles and 65% mancozeb mix with water, after being made into 500-600 times of liquid spraying or with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles mixes with water with 70% thiophanate methyl, spray after being made into 800 times of liquid, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of the climing maize ear rot of stem, 4-May at the initial stage of a disease, is made into 500 times of liquid irrigating roots with 70% thiophanate-methyl and water, within every 7 days, fills with once; For the control of two spotted spider mite, spray after being made into 2000 times of liquid with propargite missible oil and water, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of prodenia litura, be made into 1000 times of liquid spray with bacillus thuringiensis,Bt wetting powder and water, spray in every three days once; For the control of grub, with 50% Phoxim emulsion 200 milliliters, add water 4 kilograms, mix 40 kilograms, thin ashes, enclose a rhizosphere being spread on potato, and ridging is immediately buried tight, waters subsequently.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1, utilize guide slot to guide mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber in shallow soil layer cross growth, solve the problem that labour intensity of gathering is large.
2, owing to filling husk and fertilizer in guide slot, the husk of accumulation can generate heat, and fertilizer slowly can be carried out fermentation maturity, and slowly the fertilizer of fermentation maturity continues to give out the nutrition required for mountain, Huaihe River potato seed block sheet, is conducive to growing of mountain, Huaihe River potato seed; Cast-in-situ Piles in Sand-filling matter soil on husk, then lid mulch film, the sandy content of sandy soil is 30%-50%, the sandy soil content of this ratio and in the insulation of sandy soil upper cover mulch film water conservation, makes that mountain, the Huaihe River stem tuber of plantation is full, smooth, color of the leather is good, per mu yield volume increase more than 50%.
3. the two ends of guide slot and two long limits are provided with outside bending edge, during earthing, facilitate the balance of dual-side mound; Guide slot bottom land is provided with many projections or recessed strengthening rib strip, the intensity of guide slot is increased, after diging up the soil on groove, pulls open the bending edge on both sides during harvesting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached Example, the invention will be further described:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, guide slot includes cell body, and the two ends of this cell body and two long limits are provided with outside bending edge 1, and the two ends of this guide slot is closed, and its groove dual-side is provided with many protruding bars 3 and recessed rib 4, and bottom land is provided with multiple aperture 2.
Embodiment 1:
The concrete steps of this mountain, Huaihe River guide slot implantation methods are:
A, seed selection are bred: mountain, the Huaihe River stem tuber of Fruit variety Resistant, high yield, high-quality, mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber is cut into the block potato that weight is 0.1kg, hydrated lime in powder or ash is coated in incision, and be placed in indoor storage 2 ~ 3d, vernalization after wound healing, mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber soaks 5 ~ 10min with mancozeb dilution before vernalization, can plant by Pregermination and seedling breeding after drying;
B, turn over, whole play furrow: plant and turn over for first 10 ~ 20 days, with pulverized limestone killing pathogenic bacteria worm, ploughing depth is 40cm ~ 50cm; Organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, the fertilizer executed is every mu of 500kg ~ 600kg, and then composite fertilizer is every mu of 50kg, play furrow wholely, and furrow are high low, and the gradient is 10 degree, furrow face width 150cm, and the high one side height in furrow face is 30cm;
C, plantation, built: adopt guide slot plantation, in step B the furrow face of rising is the groove of 110cm along direction, slope by spacing in the rows 10cm excavation length, in groove, put guide slot, guide slot groove width 5cm, groove depth 3cm; The husk mixed and fertilizer is piled in groove, the mass ratio of fertilizer and husk is 4:6, in fertilizer containing the organic matter of 45% and 5% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, on husk, then backfill the high sandy soil of 7cm, the sandy content of sandy soil is 30%, lid mulch film again, on mulch film, mark buries the position of guide slot, 5cm place above one end of guide slot underground, breaks mountain, Huaihe River potato seed block sheet under mulch film kind, and then on mulch film earthing 8cm, planting density be every mu plantation 1500 ~ 1800 strains;
D, draw climing training, cultivation and banking: at composite fertilizer 600 ㎏ of tuber growth initial stage per hectare containing N, P, K each 15%; Grow to after 60cm until seedling, draw climing added, the climing seedling of strong master 1 ~ 2 is only stayed in every dibbling strain, the sprouting wiped out lateral bine and sprout from potato seed, once newborn lateral bud of erasing for every 5 days; Stem climing added after intertill, removing plant weeds nearby, every first quarter moon once, until the climing upper semi-frame of stem; When intertilling at every turn, the soil in ditch has been dug the both sides that a part Pei not arrive furrow, form high furrow, frame forms dark 20cm in the ranks outward, the furrow ditch of wide 30cm;
E, rich water quality management: topdress, water;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest: control soil insect and anthracnose are main, for the control of anthracnose, be with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles and 65% mancozeb mix with water, after being made into 500-600 times of liquid spraying or with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles mixes with water with 70% thiophanate methyl, spray after being made into 800 times of liquid, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of the climing maize ear rot of stem, 4-May at the initial stage of a disease, is made into 500 times of liquid irrigating roots with 70% thiophanate-methyl and water, within every 7 days, fills with once; For the control of two spotted spider mite, spray after being made into 2000 times of liquid with propargite missible oil and water, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of prodenia litura, be made into 1000 times of liquid spray with bacillus thuringiensis,Bt wetting powder and water, spray in every three days once; For the control of grub, with 50% Phoxim emulsion 200 milliliters, add water 4 kilograms, mix 40 kilograms, thin ashes, enclose a rhizosphere being spread on potato, and ridging is immediately buried tight, waters subsequently;
G, control seedling: spring sowing Huai Shan in 8-9 month, summer sowing Huai Shan in 11-12 month, when the large climing top of portion master stops growing substantially, starting occurs blooming when taking out flower bud, show that Huai Shan has carried out the rapid expanding stage of potato block, now spray a bud row control without improvement or progress seedling, promote that potato block expands;
H, to gather: when gathering, first the soil block on groove is excavated, expose the bending edge of locating slot, excavate with hand.
Embodiment 2:
The concrete steps of this mountain, Huaihe River guide slot implantation methods are:
The concrete steps of this mountain, Huaihe River guide slot implantation methods are:
A, seed selection are bred: mountain, the Huaihe River stem tuber of Fruit variety Resistant, high yield, high-quality, mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber is cut into the block potato that weight is 0.1kg, hydrated lime in powder or ash is coated in incision, and be placed in indoor storage 2 ~ 3d, vernalization after wound healing, mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber soaks 5 ~ 10min with topsin dilution before vernalization, can plant by Pregermination and seedling breeding after drying;
B, turn over, whole play furrow: plant and turn over for first 10 ~ 20 days, with pulverized limestone killing pathogenic bacteria worm, ploughing depth is 40cm ~ 50cm; Organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, the fertilizer executed is every mu of 500kg ~ 600kg, and then composite fertilizer is every mu of 50kg, play furrow wholely, and furrow are high low, and the gradient is 10 degree, furrow face width 150cm, and the high one side height in furrow face is 28cm;
C, plantation, built: adopt guide slot plantation, in step B the furrow face of rising is the groove of 110cm along direction, slope by spacing in the rows 10cm excavation length, in groove, put guide slot, guide slot groove width 6cm, groove depth 4cm; The husk mixed and fertilizer is piled in groove, the mass ratio of fertilizer and husk is 4:6, in fertilizer containing the organic matter of 45% and 5% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, on husk, then backfill the high sandy soil of 7cm, the sandy content of sandy soil is 30%, lid mulch film again, on mulch film, mark buries the position of guide slot, 5cm place above one end of guide slot underground, breaks mountain, Huaihe River potato seed block sheet under mulch film kind, and then on mulch film earthing 8cm, planting density be every mu plantation 1500 ~ 1800 strains;
D, draw climing training, cultivation and banking: at composite fertilizer 500 ㎏ of tuber growth initial stage per hectare containing N, P, K each 15%; Grow to after 60cm until seedling, draw climing added, the climing seedling of strong master 1 ~ 2 is only stayed in every dibbling strain, the sprouting wiped out lateral bine and sprout from potato seed, once newborn lateral bud of erasing for every 5 days; Stem climing added after intertill, removing plant weeds nearby, every first quarter moon once, until the climing upper semi-frame of stem; When intertilling at every turn, the soil in ditch has been dug the both sides that a part Pei not arrive furrow, form high furrow, frame forms dark 20cm in the ranks outward, the furrow ditch of wide 30cm;
E, rich water quality management: topdress, water;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest: control soil insect and anthracnose are main, for the control of anthracnose, be with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles and 65% mancozeb mix with water, after being made into 500-600 times of liquid spraying or with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles mixes with water with 70% thiophanate methyl, spray after being made into 800 times of liquid, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of the climing maize ear rot of stem, 4-May at the initial stage of a disease, is made into 500 times of liquid irrigating roots with 70% thiophanate-methyl and water, within every 7 days, fills with once; For the control of two spotted spider mite, spray after being made into 2000 times of liquid with propargite missible oil and water, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of prodenia litura, be made into 1000 times of liquid spray with bacillus thuringiensis,Bt wetting powder and water, spray in every three days once; For the control of grub, with 50% Phoxim emulsion 200 milliliters, add water 4 kilograms, mix 40 kilograms, thin ashes, enclose a rhizosphere being spread on potato, and ridging is immediately buried tight, waters subsequently;
G, control seedling: spring sowing Huai Shan in 8-9 month, summer sowing Huai Shan in 11-12 month, when the large climing top of portion master stops growing substantially, starting occurs blooming when taking out flower bud, show that Huai Shan has carried out the rapid expanding stage of potato block, now spray a bud row control without improvement or progress seedling, promote that potato block expands;
H, to gather: when gathering, first the soil block on groove is excavated, expose the bending edge of locating slot, excavate with hand.
Claims (7)
1. an implantation methods of Huai Shan, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, seed selection are bred: mountain, the Huaihe River kind of Fruit variety Resistant, high yield, high-quality;
B, turn over, whole play furrow: plant and turn over for first 10 ~ 20 days, killing pathogenic bacteria worm, ploughing depth is 40cm ~ 50cm; Organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, play furrow wholely, and furrow are high low, and the gradient is 30 degree, furrow face width 150cm, one side height 28cm ~ 31cm that furrow face is high;
C, plantation, built: adopt guide slot plantation, in step B the furrow face of rising is the groove of 110cm along direction, slope by spacing in the rows 10cm excavation length, in groove, put guide slot, guide slot groove width 5cm ~ 6cm, groove depth 3cm ~ 4cm; The husk mixed and fertilizer is piled in groove, the mass ratio of fertilizer and husk is 4:6, then on husk, backfill the high sandy soil of 7cm, the sandy content of sandy soil is 30%, then lid mulch film, and on mulch film, mark buries the position of guide slot underground, 5cm place above one end of guide slot, break mountain, Huaihe River potato seed block sheet under mulch film kind, and then on mulch film earthing 8cm, planting density is every mu of plantation 1500 ~ 1800 strains;
D, draw climing training, cultivation and banking;
E, rich water quality management: topdress, water;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest: control soil insect and anthracnose are main;
G, control seedling: spring sowing Huai Shan in 8-9 month, summer sowing Huai Shan in 11-12 month, when the large climing top of portion master stops growing substantially, starting occurs blooming when taking out flower bud, show that Huai Shan has carried out the rapid expanding stage of potato block, now spray a bud row control without improvement or progress seedling, promote that potato block expands;
H, to gather: when gathering, first the soil block on groove is excavated, expose the bending edge of locating slot, excavate with hand.
2. the implantation methods of Huai Shan according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step A, the material of breeding of choosing seeds in breeding is that stem tuber is bred, mountain, Huaihe River stem tuber is cut into the block potato that weight is 0.1kg, hydrated lime in powder or ash is coated in incision, and be placed in indoor storage 2 ~ 3d, vernalization after wound healing, to plant.
3. the implantation methods of Huai Shan according to claim 2, is characterized in that: mountain, described Huaihe River stem tuber before vernalization with mancozeb or topsin or make hectogram dilution soak 5 ~ 10min, get final product Pregermination and seedling breeding after drying.
4. the implantation methods of Huai Shan according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step B, and the fertilizer executed is every mu of 500kg ~ 600kg, and composite fertilizer is every mu of 50kg.
5. the implantation methods of Huai Shan according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two ends of described guide slot and two long limits are equipped with outside bending edge, the two ends of this guide slot is closed, and its groove dual-side is provided with many projections and recessed strengthening rib strip, and its bottom land is provided with multiple aperture.
6. the implantation methods of Huai Shan according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at composite fertilizer 600 ㎏ of tuber growth initial stage per hectare containing N, P, K each 15%; Grow to after 60cm until seedling, draw climing added, the climing seedling of strong master 1 ~ 2 is only stayed in every dibbling strain, the sprouting wiped out lateral bine and sprout from potato seed, once newborn lateral bud of erasing for every 5 days; Stem climing added after intertill, removing plant weeds nearby, every first quarter moon once, until the climing upper semi-frame of stem; When intertilling at every turn, the soil in ditch has been dug the both sides that a part Pei not arrive furrow, form high furrow, frame forms dark 20cm in the ranks outward, the furrow ditch of wide 30cm.
7. the implantation methods of Huai Shan according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described F step, for the control of anthracnose, be with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles and 65% mancozeb mix with water, after being made into 500-600 times of liquid spraying or with making hectogram, make hundred merits, golden mould azoles mixes with water with 70% thiophanate methyl, spray after being made into 800 times of liquid, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of the climing maize ear rot of stem, 4-May at the initial stage of a disease, is made into 500 times of liquid irrigating roots with 70% thiophanate-methyl and water, within every 7 days, fills with once; For the control of two spotted spider mite, spray after being made into 2000 times of liquid with propargite missible oil and water, spray in every 7-10 days once; For the control of prodenia litura, be made into 1000 times of liquid spray with bacillus thuringiensis,Bt wetting powder and water, spray in every three days once; For the control of grub, with 50% Phoxim emulsion 200 milliliters, add water 4 kilograms, mix 40 kilograms, thin ashes, enclose a rhizosphere being spread on potato, and ridging is immediately buried tight, waters subsequently.
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CN105052470A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 孙丹丹 | Selenium-rich purple Chinese yam planting method |
CN105145053A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 莫瑞恩 | Selenium enriched-mauve jade Chinese yam planting method |
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CN105145053A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 莫瑞恩 | Selenium enriched-mauve jade Chinese yam planting method |
CN105145051A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 莫瑞恩 | Selenium enriched-mauve jade Chinese yam planting method |
CN105052470A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 孙丹丹 | Selenium-rich purple Chinese yam planting method |
CN105284468A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 李宏江 | Ceramic tile cement inclined panel semicircular pipe rack stereoscopic planting device and matrix fertilizer for purple jade iron stick yam |
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