CN105613237B

CN105613237B - A kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam

Info

Publication number: CN105613237B
Application number: CN201510996055.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 覃大吉; 杨永康; 陈菲菲; 马进; 李亚杰; 万海英; 叶紫云; 田腾飞
Original assignee: Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2015-12-24
Filing date: 2015-12-24
Publication date: 2018-05-15
Anticipated expiration: 2035-12-24
Also published as: CN105613237A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam.Comprise the following steps：A, the preparation and disinfection of cultivation matrix；B, case groove, at matrix collection, incubator cleaning；C, incubator installation is filled with matrix；D, Chinese yam young plant is transplanted；E, cultivation management；F, Chinese yam harvesting.The advantageous effects of the present invention：The action principle of the present invention is clear and easy to understand, and men and women, old and young can grasp, from the limitation of technology and culture level；Yam cultivation is carried out using special soilless culture substrate, the content of organic matter is high in matrix, nutrient balance, realizes the purpose of yam cultivation high yield, average per unit area yield is 4162 5766kg/667m², the matrix that uses has been subjected to formalin disinfection, manually replaced between year between disinfection or year, overcomes the disease pest harm that yam cultivation matrix belt comes and the negative effect that continuous crop is brought.

Description

A kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam.

Background technology

Chinese yam (Dioseorea opposite Thunb) belongs to potato preparatory course (Stemonaceae), and potato belongs in advance (Dioseorea) plant.Chinese yam is mainly medicinal followed by edible.Edible also mostly is for medicinal purpose.People eat Chinese yam, All it is to think that it can cure the disease, can nourishes, naturally it is also possible to allay one's hunger.Chinese yam develops into today, oneself becomes important international medicine, food Dual-purpose crop.Chinese yam mainly contain mucus juice, mannosan (mannan), mannocarolose, choline, glycoprotein, polyphenol oxidase, Vitamin C, phytic acid, 16 kinds of amino acid, allantoin and 3,4- dihydroxy benzenes ethamine, dopamine (domamine) etc., are important Nourishing food, has the pharmacological action such as good efficacy to suffering from a deficiency of the kidney, engender liquid and benefic lung, the puckery essence of kidney tonifying, is usually used in spleen eating less, endless diarrhea, the deficiency syndrome of the lung Breath with cough, the treatment of emission due to the kidney deficiency, disease of quenching one's thirst etc. with lower frequent micturition, abnormal heat.It can also be used for reducing blood pressure and blood glucose, resist tumour, Slow down aging etc..China eats the epoch of Chinese yam, can investigate and trace back to B.C. more than 2000 years.Historical data in Mo kao grotto at Dunhuang In just have a record of " angle's congee ", the effect of yam porridge truly has adjustment appetite, health macrobiosis.

For thousands of years, China is always edible all using the stem tuber of the pre- platymiscium of potato.Until the end of the forties in last century, one is found After containing the pre- sapogenin of a potato seed (Diosgonin) in the pre- stem tuber of potato of a little species, just cause countries in the world and potato is planted in advance The attention of thing medical value.It is the starting original of some important medicinal materials such as synthesizing steroid hormone, contraceptive because the pre- sapogenin of potato. Potato pre- platymiscium in China's is very much, only just has 17 kinds containing the pre- sapogenin of potato, in addition with 1 subspecies, two mutation.Wherein, Plant produced application can directly be provided just has 10 kinds, including shield leaf potato is pre-, little Hua shield leaves potato is pre-, wears imperial potato in advance, bavin yellow ginger, fibre Thin potato is pre-, fork stamen potato is pre-, powder back of the body potato is pre-, twelve month yam is pre-, hollyhock leaf potato is pre-.The pre- resource of potato spreads all over the country, it is estimated that, it is pre- only to wear imperial potato Annual output just up to 1,400,000 tons.The medical value of the pre- resource of these potatos, can substantially be divided into 4 classes, i.e.,:Shield leaf potato is pre-, yellow Solely, potato alpine rush or palm-bark rain cape, Chinese yam.Worldwide, 4 origins and cultivation centers can be divided into by eating the pre- class plant of potato, first, South China The pre- platymiscium of potato that the portion centre of origin is mainly eaten has the yampi, air potato and small potato pre- etc.；Second, the central China centre of origin is main The edible pre- class plant of potato is exactly Chinese yam；Third, Africa western part centre of origin, main edible circle potato is pre-, the bitter potato of Cayenne potato and Africa is pre- Deng；Fourth, the Caribbean waters centre of origin, including various countries around it, mainly eat Caribbean potato.

Plantation Chinese yam is the leading production of many area structural readjustment of rural industry, increasing peasant income and the foreign exchange earnings at present in China One of industry.According to《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》Nineteen ninety is recorded：RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China main product between height above sea level 150-1500m, be distributed in Henan, mountain The ground such as west, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan, In Eastern Gansu, Southern Shaanxi, stem tuber meat fertilizer Thickness, diameter 2-7cm, crust dark brown, there is dilute fibrous root (iron rod yam)；Or crust yellowish-brown, fibrous root are relatively thick (Taigu Chinese yam). This explanation iron rod yam and Taigu Chinese yam are two big famous products of RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China.

At present, the plantation of Chinese yam is still using based on traditional cultivation method, i.e., the soil layer of 1m depths, second year are excavated before the winter The beginning of spring, the soil layer that autumn excavates 1m depths again collected Chinese yam, and labor intensity is big by Chinese yam kind, and planting every 667 ㎡ needs 40 works；Low output, every 667 ㎡ yield is in 1000-1500kg；Sole potato, bifurcated potato, pimple potato, damaged potato are more, commodity rate It is low, only 80% or so.With the continuous development of yam planting industry, people are in the improvement of research yam variety, the breeding of Chinese yam young plant, water Start labor cost in focusing on yam planting and harvesting while fertile management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, reap, store and process to ask Topic, and a large amount of beneficial explorations have been carried out in terms of the improvement of planting equipment and technology, invent various types of Chinese yam trench diggings Cropper, yam planting card punch, yam planting pipeline, casing or half-covering tube, yam planting guiding groove, yam planting water conservation control Root bag etc..Raising of these achievements in research to the cultivation technique of Chinese yam plays a degree of facilitation.But these skills Art still has various restrictive conditions to obtain wide popularization and application in the production practices of Chinese yam, such as：Machine Tool trench digging cropper is adapted to the flat large-scale planting base of physical features, and general farmer can not afford, and the base of physical features injustice cannot With；Pipeline, casing or half-covering tube, guiding groove are by guiding control Chinese yam tuber growth direction to allow Chinese yam stem tuber along level of approximation Direction grow, easy to harvest, save labor, but have ignored Chinese yam stem tuber Bendroquinon in growth medium habit (perpendicular to the ground inclination >= 58.28°：Arctan function value of the gravity to plant growth influence power golden section point value inverse), during tuber growth Be guided the pressure of material walls and the double action of gravity (58.28 ° of inclination ＜ perpendicular to the ground) and produce substantial amounts of sole potato, Fraction potato, pimple potato, directly affect the commodity rate and quality of stem tuber；Water-retention root-control bag requirement condition is higher, is suitable only for family Balcony carries out leisure agriculture exploitation with small farm, and large area plantation can not be promoted.

The content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam.

The technical scheme is that：A kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that including with Lower step：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Mixed according to a certain volume with peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, decomposed sawdust Matrix is made；Matrix to be sterilized is tiled one layer on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film, with sprayer by Diluted formalin squirts this layer of matrix, is then covered with second layer matrix, then squirted with formalin, to be sterilized until all Untill matrix squirts formalin, closed with covered rearing with plastic film, finally spread the matrix of disinfection out, be exposed to the sun and do not have into matrix There is formaldehyde odor to use；

B. the cleaning of case groove, matrix collecting box, incubator：In fine day, the mode rinsed with high-pressure water tap is to each portion Part is rinsed, and after rinsing, case groove side plate inner wall slideway 10 is cleaned with clean rag, and will punching under the conditions of ventilated All component naturally dries after washing；

C. the installation of incubator is filled with matrix：Pulley 19 on incubator side plate 17 is embedded on corresponding side plate 5 In inner wall slideway 10, inwardly promote, the appearance of incubator 4 is attached to the inner face of unit culture tank 2, the soilless culture that will be sterilized In matrix filling incubator, then the culture cover plate 16 for installing Chinese yam young plant field planting box 25 is printed deeply in the above, Culture cover plate 16 is removed, the bottom circle print of Chinese yam young plant field planting box 25 is left on soilless culture substrate surface, in circle print just Centre, insertion tuber growth control cone 26 holds 25.3 with extension to hook 26.1 and is horizontal, in tuber growth control cone 26 After inside filling up soilless culture substrate, Chinese yam young plant field planting box 25 is rotated from culture cover plate 16, fixes hook 26.1 hold 25.3 with extension, continue to be filled up in incubator 4 with soilless culture substrate, and culture cover plate 16 is covered, rotates Chinese yam The lantern ring 25.1 on young plant field planting box 25, allows it to be nested on culture cover plate 16；By the culture of populated soilless culture substrate Case 4 promotes the position of an incubator 4 into unit culture tank 2, and the installation for continuing next incubator 4 is filled out with matrix Fill, by cultivating, the realization that opens or closes of " mountain " word connection button 23 separates two adjacent incubators 4 on cover plate 16 Or connection；When the installation of all incubators 4 is with after the completion of matrix filling, will be arranged on 11 He of hinge at 2 both ends of unit culture tank Latch 12 is opened, and is closed after case groove drop front 15 is flipped up, and plugs latch 12, waits the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant；

D. the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant：Put on Chinese yam young plant field planting 25.4 position of position of 25 middle of Chinese yam young plant field planting box Enter Chinese yam young plant, and Chinese yam young plant introduction is inserted at the Chinese yam introduction flag 25.5 beside young plant, then determine in Chinese yam young plant It is concordant to the upper surface with cultivating cover plate 16 to plant filling substrate in box 25, Chinese yam young plant introduction exposes culture 16 table of cover plate Face；

E. cultivation management：After planting with after emergence will to matrix carry out it is loose；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into bamboo bar from Chinese yam stent jack 24, lower end is positioned over the three of Chinese yam stent fixed bit 20 On a adjusting position, stable support is formed, every 4 bamboo poles tie together culture cover plate 16 above, form stable stand；

Chinese yam vines pour the 1st water when growing to 0.9-1.1m, after 7-10d, pour the 2nd water, and watering later need to keep no soil Cultivation matrix semi-wet, after main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, will keep soilless culture substrate to moisten With it is ventilative；

The 1st top dressing is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, the 2nd top dressing is carried out when Chinese yam beans start to expand, Chinese yam beans grow up to, and have Chinese yam beans to carry out the 3rd top dressing when starting shedding off；

With emulsion prevention subterranean pest-insect；Protected：With WP or thiram WP or Mancozeb WP or iprodione can be killed to obtain WP is protected early period in premorbid and Chinese yam growth, early stage and Chinese yam Later growth thiophanate methyl WP or methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP is mixed with Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or thiophanate methyl WP is used alternatingly with carbendazim WP；

F. Chinese yam harvesting：Overground part cauline leaf can harvest when withered；

" mountain " font connection button 23 on the culture cover plate 16 of two neighboring incubator 4 is opened, is realized two neighboring The separation of incubator 4；

Latch 12 is opened, hinge 11 is rotated, allows case groove drop front 15 to downwardly turn over, then promotes culture cover plate 16, The incubator 4 separated is slided into 3 top position of matrix collecting box, collecting cart 13 is put into matrix collecting box 3, opens and collects The cover board of car 13, then by opening incubator backplane switch 22, opens incubator bottom plate 21, the soilless culture in incubator 4 Matrix will slowly fall and be collected into matrix collecting cart 13, shake 26 lower ends of tuber growth control cone, allow tuber growth control Matrix inside system cone 26 is hung down；

After collecting cart 13 is collected into soilless culture substrate, the cover board of matrix collecting cart 13 is covered, Chinese yam wins personnel station and exists On the cover board of matrix collecting cart 13, tuber growth control cone 26, rotation tuber growth control cone 26, by hook 26.1 from extension are lifted Hold and removed on 25.3, on the ground cloth of the paving layer of plastic film of matrix recycle bin, laterally put down tuber growth control cone 26, pluck Take and be grown on Chinese yam therein, then pour out unnecessary matrix, be deposited on the plastic film on ground cloth；

With the matrix after the Disinfection Methods use sterilized in step a to matrix, the matrix plastic film by disinfection Sealing covers, in order to which second year is continuing with；Second year carries out necessary heavy before use, according to matrix fertility Expenditure Levels New allotment；

Cleaned with clear water to winning Chinese yam and pouring out all parts after matrix, soaked with liquor potassic permanganate, then Rinsed well and carried out disinfection with flowing water, irremovable part from plastics film is covered, moveable part is uniformly put into storage Room is hidden, the coming year is used again.

In preferable scheme, peat soil in the matrix formulations of the step a, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, decomposed sawdust Volume ratio is 4.5：2.5：1：2；The thickness of upper one layer of tiling is 8-12cm on the ground, and disinfection is with formalin concentration 40%, extension rate is 50-100 times, after squirting with covered rearing with plastic film off-period be 1-2 round the clock, the time of being exposed to the sun is 2 My god；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 400-600 unit culture tank 2, substrates quantity 280-420m³, new matrix is in base Before matter filling, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ are added in matrix, are filled matrix again with spade Divide mixing, it is fully air-breathing.

In preferable scheme, it is characterised in that be filled into during described step c first time filling substrates from culture cover plate 16 at 12cm, are smoothed out surface with wooden unit, the print depth 2cm left when stromal surface is printed with field planting box 25 is deep, second It will be filled up to during filling substrate in incubator 4 at culture cover plate 16.

In preferable scheme, it is characterised in that reed head has bud-end upward when the step d is put into Chinese yam young plant, soil temperature It is optimal Chinese yam young plant Different Transplanting Periods when reaching more than 10 DEG C.

In preferable scheme, it is characterised in that the loose matrix of step e will timely loose matrix 1-2 after planting It is secondary, carry out the loose matrix of 2-3 times after emergence, during loose matrix, the place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is shallow, from The remote place in Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is deep, and with growing up for Chinese yam, loose substrate location will be away from the field planting of Chinese yam young plant Position 25.4；A diameter of 1-2.5cm of bamboo bar as stent, ties the position of bamboo pole at from case face 1.5-1.8m, the high 2- of frame 2.5m；Every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg during first time top dressing, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg during second of top dressing, Every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg during third time top dressing；With emulsion prevention subterranean pest-insect；Protected：With can kill WP or thiram WP or Mancozeb WP or iprodione WP is protected early period in premorbid and Chinese yam growth, early stage and mountain Medicine Later growth is with thiophanate methyl WP or thiophanate methyl WP be mixed with Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or thiophanate methyl WP and carbendazim WP It is used alternatingly.

In preferable scheme, the step f will carry out the cleaning of case face before harvest, remove hack lever, pull out twining stem, will Case face is cleaned out；The potassium permanganate concentration of disinfection after cleaning is 1: 1000 immersion, and soaking time is 15 minutes.

In preferable scheme, the application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust in matrix formulations For 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile 8-12cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 50-100 times, diluted formalin is squirted this with sprayer Layer matrix, is then covered with second layer matrix, then is squirted with formalin, until all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin and are Only, after closing 1-2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun more than 2 days, until not having in matrix Formaldehyde odor can use；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 400-600 unit culture tank (2), substrates quantity 280- 420m³, before matrix filling, the addition calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ in matrix, are used new matrix Matrix is sufficiently mixed by spade again, fully air-breathing；

B. the cleaning of case groove, matrix collecting box, incubator：In fine day, the mode rinsed with high-pressure water tap is to each portion Part is rinsed, and after rinsing, case groove side plate inner wall slideway (10) is cleaned with clean rag, and will under the conditions of ventilated All component naturally dries after flushing；

C. the installation of incubator is filled with matrix：Pulley 19 on incubator side plate 17 is embedded on corresponding side plate 5 In inner wall slideway 10, inwardly promote, the appearance of incubator 4 is attached to the inner face of unit culture tank 2, the soilless culture that will be sterilized Matrix is filled into from culture cover plate 16 at 12cm, is smoothed out surface with wooden unit, then will install the field planting of Chinese yam young plant The culture cover plate 16 of box 25 is deep in the above to be printed, removes culture cover plate 16, depth is left on soilless culture substrate surface The bottom circle print of the Chinese yam young plant field planting box 25 of 2cm, in the middle of circle print, insertion tuber growth control cone 26 to hook 26.1 25.3 are held with extension to be horizontal, and after filling up soilless culture substrate in tuber growth control cone 26, Chinese yam young plant is colonized Box 25 is rotated from culture cover plate 16, is fixed hook 26.1 and is held 25.3 with extension, continues to be trained with soilless culture substrate Support and be filled up in case 4 at culture cover plate 16, culture cover plate 16 is covered, the lantern ring on rotation Chinese yam young plant field planting box 25 25.1, allow it to be nested on culture cover plate 16；The incubator 4 of populated soilless culture substrate is pushed away into unit culture tank 2 Into the position of an incubator 4, the installation and matrix for continuing next incubator 4 are filled, and two adjacent incubators 4 are logical Cross on culture cover plate 16 fall " mountain " word connection button 23 open or close realization separation or connection；When all incubators 4 Installation is with after the completion of matrix filling, the hinge 11 for being arranged on 2 both ends of unit culture tank and latch 12 being opened, by case groove active face Plate 15 is closed after being flipped up, and plugs latch 12, waits the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant；

D. the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant：Put on Chinese yam young plant field planting 25.4 position of position of 25 middle of Chinese yam young plant field planting box Enter Chinese yam young plant, reed head has bud-end upward, and inserts Chinese yam young plant introduction at the Chinese yam introduction flag 25.5 beside young plant, so Filling substrate is concordant to the upper surface with cultivating cover plate 16 in Chinese yam young plant field planting box 25 afterwards, and Chinese yam young plant introduction exposes training 16 surface of cover plate is supported, is optimal Chinese yam young plant Different Transplanting Periods when soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C；

E. cultivation management：After planting will loose matrix 1-2 time in time, be still to carry out the loose matrix of 2-3 times after emergence, it is thin During loose matrix, the place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is shallow, and the place remote from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is deep, With growing up for Chinese yam, loose substrate location will be away from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into diameter 1-2.5cm bamboos bar from Chinese yam stent jack 24, lower end is positioned over Chinese yam stent and consolidates Three of positioning 20 are adjusted on position, form stable support, and culture cover plate 16 ties together for every 4 plants, formed stable above Stand, the position of bundle is at from case face 1.5-1.8m, the high 2-2.5m of frame；

The 1st top dressing is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg, starts in Chinese yam beans swollen The 2nd top dressing is carried out when big, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg, grows up in Chinese yam beans, when there are the Chinese yam beans to start shedding off The 3rd top dressing is carried out, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg；

F. Chinese yam harvesting：Overground part cauline leaf can harvest when withered, and the cleaning of case face is carried out before harvest, hack lever is removed, pulls out Fall twining stem, case face is cleaned out；

Cleaned to winning Chinese yam and pouring out all parts after matrix with clear water, with 1: 1000 liquor potassic permanganate Immersion 15 minutes, then rinsed well and carried out disinfection with flowing water, irremovable part from plastics film is covered, by movable part Divide and be uniformly put into storeroom, the coming year is used again.

A kind of cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam of the present invention, incubator groove body 1 include unit culture tank 2, matrix Collecting box 3 and incubator 4, it is characterised in that incubator groove body 1 is composed in parallel by unit culture tank 2,2 both ends of unit culture tank Lower section be connected with matrix collecting box 3, incubator 4 is located in unit culture tank 2 after connecting；The unit culture tank 2 is by two The bottom plate 6 for the 5 lower section sandwiched of side plate 5 and side plate that block is parallel to each other forms, and side plate 5 is equipped with inner wall slideway 10, the shape of bottom plate 6 For ridge-shaped, the center of bottom plate 6 is equipped with the bottom ridge 8 parallel with side plate 5, the gutter 9 vertical with bottom ridge 8, bottom is additionally provided with bottom plate 6 The parallel bottom plate slideway 7 of ridge 8 is erected on gutter 9；The top of the matrix collecting box 3 is at matrix collection, matrix is received Collecting cart 13 is equipped with header 3, the top of collecting cart 13 is equipped with cover board, and 13 bottom of collecting cart is equipped with and is allowed to moveable wheel 14, The top of matrix collecting box 3 is equipped with hinge 11, and panel 15 is only connected by hinge 11 with matrix collecting box 3, and panel 15 is equipped with The latch 12 of fixed panel 15；The top of incubator 4 is equipped with culture cover plate 16, and the both ends of culture cover plate 16 are equipped with control The connection button 23 that incubator 4 processed is connected between each other, cultivates to be additionally provided with cover plate 16 and is inserted for field planting box 25 and control cone 26 The hole and the stent jack 24 for stent insertion entered, 4 both sides of incubator are equipped with incubator side plate 17, are set on incubator side plate 17 There is the pulley 19 that can be slided on inner wall slideway 10, support bracket fastened stent fixed bit 20 is additionally provided with incubator side plate 17, train Support and air hole 18 is placed with cover plate 16 and incubator side plate 17,4 bottom of incubator is equipped with the training to match with 6 shape of bottom plate Bottom plate 21 is supported, the matrix that the center of incubator bottom plate 21 is equipped with control matrix collection falls into the switch 22 of collecting cart 13；It is described The top of field planting box 25 be equipped with the lantern ring 25.1, field planting box 25 is connected by the screw thread 25.2 of the lower section of the lantern ring 25.1 with incubator 4, calmly Plant 25 both sides of box and hold 25.3 equipped with extension, 25 bottom of field planting box is equipped with field planting position 25.4, and 25.4 side of field planting position is equipped with through field planting box 25 introduction flag 25.5；26 tops of cone that control are to hang over the hook 26.1 held on 25.3, are connected under hook 26.1 Telescopic band 26.2, the lower section of telescopic band 26.2 are equipped with the cone 26.3 of control plant strain growth.

The cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam of the present invention, it is characterised in that the unit culture tank 2 is cement Material is made, and the length of unit culture tank 2 is 500-1000cm, wide 70cm, high 100-150cm, and 5 thickness of side plate is 10cm, interior The thickness of wall slideway 10 is 2cm, high 4cm.

A kind of cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam of the present invention, it is characterised in that the height of the matrix collecting box 3 For 100cm.

The cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam of the present invention, it is characterised in that the incubator 4 is rigid plastics Case, the number of series connection is 5-10, and the length of incubator (4) is 50-100cm, wide 70cm, high 100-150cm, thickness 1- 2cm, it is 1cm, spacing 2cm to cultivate equally distributed 18 aperture of air hole on cover plate 16 and incubator side plate 17.

The cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam of the present invention, it is characterised in that the field planting box 25 is cylindrical Box, a diameter of 8-10cm, thickness 1cm, are highly 10cm, and field planting box 25 is arranged as 70cm × 25cm/, is colonized box The air hole that the surrounding of 25 bodies and bottom are uniform-distribution with a diameter of 0.5cm, spacing is 1cm, field planting position 25.4 are a diameter of The circular hole of 2-3cm.

The cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam of the present invention, it is characterised in that 26 shapes of cone that control are cylinder 150cm is stretchable to the assembly of circular cone, body diameter 8-10cm, total height 100cm, telescopic band 26.2.

Loose matrix described in a kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam of the present invention can not only protect It is wet, while substrate temperature can be improved, promote Chinese yam emergence.

Built after Chinese yam emergence described in a kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam of the present invention, bamboo bar First vertical, timely draws climing restocking of uprightly retreading, strengthens ventilation and penetrating light, reduces humidity in the ranks, changes miniclimate in the ranks.

First time watering described in a kind of application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam of the present invention is unsuitable too early, Otherwise root growth can be delayed, water is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.

The advantageous effects of the present invention：The action principle of the present invention is clear and easy to understand, and men and women, old and young can grasp, from section The limitation of skill educational level；Yam cultivation is carried out using special soilless culture substrate, the content of organic matter is high in matrix, and nutrition is put down Weighing apparatus, realizes the purpose of yam cultivation high yield, average per unit area yield is 4162-5766kg/667 ㎡, and the matrix used has been subjected to formal Woods disinfection, manually replace between year between disinfection or year, overcomes disease pest harm and continuous crop band that yam cultivation matrix belt is come The negative effect come；It ensure that the rich water of Chinese yam tuber growth requirement pours and draining, ventilative good, loose fertile, relatively permanent The rhizospheric environment condition of temperature, while meet gravity the Bendroquinon in growth medium habit to be formed, rare foot are influenced on Chinese yam tuber growth The formation of plate potato, fraction potato, pimple potato, the Chinese yam commodity rate of production is in 95-98%, and Chinese yam exterior quality is excellent；Using cunning The gravity of the method carrying cultivation case being combined with slideway and soilless culture substrate is taken turns, when removing traditional cultivation method Chinese yam harvesting from A large amount of soils excavate recruitment, and Chinese yam stem tuber is caused when saving labour 55-68%, while reducing traditional cultivation method Chinese yam harvesting It is damaged；The structure of equipment is simple, and the material of case groove is that the material of cement, incubator and its component is rigid plastics, manufactures cost Low, 8-12 may be reused in disposable input, promotes and applies easy；Action principle is clear and easy to understand, and men and women, old and young can slap Hold, from the limitation of technology and culture level；Usable floor area is changeable, no matter large-scale farm, small-sized cooperative society, Chinese yam individual species Plant rich and influential family, plantation small family is all suitable for, especially suitable intensive large-scale planting plantation；Equipment cost is low, service life is long, applicable Scope is wide, be easy to grasp, matrix organic matter enriches, fertility balance, Chinese yam yield are high, Chinese yam harvesting when breakage rate is low, appearance and Commercial quality is good, is the revolutionary innovative means and application method of Chinese yam modernization industrialization development.

Brief description of the drawings

Attached drawing 1 is a kind of overall structure diagram of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam；

Attached drawing 2 is a kind of structure diagram of the unit culture tank of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam；

Attached drawing 3 is a kind of structure diagram of the matrix collecting box of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam；

Attached drawing 4 is a kind of structure diagram of the incubator of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam；

Attached drawing 5 is a kind of structure diagram of the Chinese yam tuber growth control cone of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam；

In attached drawing：1- is incubator groove body；2- is unit culture tank；3- is matrix collecting box；4- is incubator；5- is Side plate；6- is bottom plate；7- is bottom plate slideway；8- is bottom ridge；9- is gutter；10- is inner wall slideway；11- is hinge；12- is Latch；13- is collecting cart；14- is wheel；15- is panel；16- is culture cover plate；17- is incubator side plate；18- is Stomata；19- is pulley；20- is stent fixed bit；21- is incubator bottom plate；22- is switch；23- is connection button；24- is Stent jack；25- is field planting box；26- is bored in order to control；25.1- it is the lantern ring；25.2- it is screw thread；25.3- holds for extension；25.4- is It is colonized position；25.5- is introduction flag；26.1- it is hook；26.2- it is telescopic band；26.3- it is cone.

Embodiment

The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Embodiment 1：The application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust in matrix formulations For 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile 8cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 50 times, diluted formalin is squirted this layer of matrix with sprayer, Second layer matrix is then covered with, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, with modeling After expecting film covering closing 1 round the clock, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor to make in matrix With；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 400 unit incubators 2, substrates quantity 280m³, new matrix is in matrix filling Before, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ are added in matrix, are sufficiently mixed matrix again with spade, It is fully air-breathing；

E. cultivation management：After planting will loose matrix 1 time in time, be still to carry out the loose matrix of 2 times, loose base after emergence During matter, the place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is shallow, and the place remote from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is deep, with Chinese yam grows up, and loose substrate location will be away from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into diameter 1cm bamboos bar from Chinese yam stent jack 24, lower end is positioned over Chinese yam stent fixed bit Three of 20 are adjusted on position, form stable support, and culture cover plate 16 ties together for every 4 plants above, forms stable stand, The position of bundle is at from case face 1.5m, the high 2m of frame；

Chinese yam vines pour the 1st water when growing to 0.9m, after 7d, pour the 2nd water, and watering later need to keep soilless culture substrate Semi-wet, after main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, will keep soilless culture substrate to moisten and breathe freely；

Subterranean pest-insect is prevented, every 667 ㎡ 40% missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style, are watered 750kg and sprinkle and pour；Prevent anthrax Disease, premorbid and Chinese yam growth early period with can kill 77%WP is protected, early stage and Chinese yam Later growth are with 70% WP1200 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew is used alternatingly；

400 unit incubators/667 ㎡, 3280 plants/667 ㎡, 1.27kg/ plants, 4162kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 95%, Bifurcated potato 1%, breakage rate 4%, saves labour 65%.

Embodiment 2：The application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust in matrix formulations For 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile 12cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 100 times, diluted formalin is squirted this layer of base with sprayer Matter, is then covered with second layer matrix, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, After closing 2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun 3 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor side in matrix It can be used；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 600 unit incubators 2, substrates quantity 420m³, new matrix fills out in matrix Before filling, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ are added in matrix, it is with spade that matrix is fully mixed again Close, it is fully air-breathing；

E. cultivation management：After planting will loose matrix 2 times in time, be still to carry out the loose matrix of 3 times, loose base after emergence During matter, the place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is shallow, and the place remote from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is deep, with Chinese yam grows up, and loose substrate location will be away from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into diameter 2.5cm bamboos bar from Chinese yam stent jack 24, lower end is positioned over Chinese yam stent and fixes Three of position 20 are adjusted on position, form stable support, and culture cover plate 16 ties together for every 4 plants above, form stable stand Frame, the position of bundle is at from case face 1.8m, the high 2.5m of frame；

Chinese yam vines pour the 1st water when growing to 1.1m, after 7-10d, pour the 2nd water, and watering later need to keep soilless culture Matrix semi-wet, after main stem grows to frame top, plant bottom start produce side shoot when, to keep soilless culture substrate moistening and thoroughly Gas；

Subterranean pest-insect is prevented, every different 40% missible oil 200g of Liu Lin commercial styles of 667 ㎡ methyl, is watered 750kg and sprinkles and pour；Prevention Anthracnose, is protected early period in premorbid and Chinese yam growth with 50%WP500 times of liquid of thiram, early stage and Chinese yam growth Later stage is used alternatingly with 500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl WP and 50% carbendazim WP；

Embodiment 3：The application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust in matrix formulations For 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile 10cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 80 times, diluted formalin is squirted this layer of matrix with sprayer, Second layer matrix is then covered with, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, with modeling After expecting film covering closing 1 round the clock, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun 3 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor to make in matrix With；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 500 unit incubators 2, substrates quantity 350m³, new matrix is in matrix filling Before, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ are added in matrix, are sufficiently mixed matrix again with spade, It is fully air-breathing；

E. cultivation management：After planting will loose matrix 1 time in time, be still to carry out the loose matrix of 3 times, loose base after emergence During matter, the place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is shallow, and the place remote from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is deep, with Chinese yam grows up, and loose substrate location will be away from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into diameter 2cm bamboos bar from Chinese yam stent jack 24, lower end is positioned over Chinese yam stent fixed bit Three of 20 are adjusted on position, form stable support, and culture cover plate 16 ties together for every 4 plants above, forms stable stand, The position of bundle is at from case face 17m, the high 2.2m of frame；

Chinese yam vines pour the 1st water when growing to 1m, after 8d, pour the 2nd water, and watering later need to keep soilless culture substrate half It is dry semi-moist, after main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, to keep soilless culture substrate to moisten and breathe freely；

Prevent subterranean pest-insect, every 667 ㎡, which with 40% missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style is watered 750kg and sprinkles, to be poured；Prevent anthrax Disease, is protected early period in premorbid and Chinese yam growth with 70%WP1000 times of liquid of Mancozeb, early stage and Chinese yam growth Later stage is used alternatingly with WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew；

Embodiment 4：The application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust in matrix formulations For 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile 10cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 100 times, diluted formalin is squirted this layer of base with sprayer Matter, is then covered with second layer matrix, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, After closing 2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor side in matrix It can be used；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 540 unit incubators 2, substrates quantity 300m³, new matrix fills out in matrix Before filling, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ are added in matrix, it is with spade that matrix is fully mixed again Close, it is fully air-breathing；

E. cultivation management：After planting will loose matrix 2 times in time, be still to carry out the loose matrix of 2 times, loose base after emergence During matter, the place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is shallow, and the place remote from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4 is deep, with Chinese yam grows up, and loose substrate location will be away from Chinese yam young plant field planting position 25.4；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into diameter 1cm bamboos bar from Chinese yam stent jack 24, lower end is positioned over Chinese yam stent fixed bit Three of 20 are adjusted on position, form stable support, and culture cover plate 16 ties together for every 4 plants above, forms stable stand, The position of bundle is at from case face 1.8m, the high 2.5m of frame；

Chinese yam vines pour the 1st water when growing to 1m, after 9d, pour the 2nd water, and watering later need to keep soilless culture substrate half It is dry semi-moist, after main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, to keep soilless culture substrate to moisten and breathe freely；

Subterranean pest-insect is prevented, every 667 ㎡ 40% missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style, are watered 750kg and sprinkle and pour；Prevent anthrax Disease, is protected early period in premorbid and Chinese yam growth with 50%WP1000-1500 times of liquid of iprodione, early stage and Chinese yam life Long 70% thiophanate methyl WP of later stage is used alternatingly with 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid；

540 unit incubators/667 ㎡, 4320 plants/667 ㎡, 1.21kg/ plants, 5218kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 95%, Bifurcated potato 1%, breakage rate 4%, saves labour 58%.

Embodiment 5：The application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust in matrix formulations For 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile 10cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 100 times, diluted formalin is squirted this layer of base with sprayer Matter, is then covered with second layer matrix, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, After closing 2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor side in matrix It can be used；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 580 unit incubators 2, substrates quantity 380m³, new matrix fills out in matrix Before filling, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ are added in matrix, it is with spade that matrix is fully mixed again Close, it is fully air-breathing；

580 unit incubators/667 ㎡, 4640 plants/667 ㎡, 1.18kg/ plants, 5485kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 97%, Bifurcated potato 2%, breakage rate 1%, saves labour 68%.

Embodiment 6：The application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust in matrix formulations For 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile 10cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 100 times, diluted formalin is squirted this layer of base with sprayer Matter, is then covered with second layer matrix, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, After closing 2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor side in matrix It can be used；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 610 unit incubators 2, substrates quantity 420m³, new matrix fills out in matrix Before filling, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ are added in matrix, it is with spade that matrix is fully mixed again Close, it is fully air-breathing；

610 unit incubators/667 ㎡, 4880 plants/667 ㎡, 1.18kg/ plants, 5766kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 95%, Bifurcated potato 2%, breakage rate：3%, save labour 55%.

Claims

1. the application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：It is mixed according to a certain volume with peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, decomposed sawdust Matrix；Matrix to be sterilized is tiled one layer on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film, will have been diluted with sprayer Formalin squirt this layer of matrix, second layer matrix is then covered with, then squirted with formalin, until all matrix to be sterilized Untill squirting formalin, closed, finally spread the matrix of disinfection out, being exposed to the sun into matrix does not have first with covered rearing with plastic film Aldehyde smell can use；

B. the cleaning of case groove, matrix collecting box, incubator：In fine day, with the mode that high-pressure water tap rinses to all parts into Row rinses, and after rinsing, cleans case groove side plate inner wall slideway (10) with clean rag, and will be rinsed under the conditions of ventilated All component naturally dries afterwards；

C. the installation of incubator is filled with matrix：By on the embedded corresponding side plate (5) of pulley (19) on incubator side plate (17) Inner wall slideway (10) in, inwardly promote, the appearance of incubator (4) is attached to the inner face of unit culture tank (2), by what is sterilized In soilless culture substrate filling incubator, the culture cover plate (16) of Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25) then will be installed on it Face prints deeply, removes culture cover plate (16), and the bottom of Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25) is left on soilless culture substrate surface Circle print, in the middle of circle print, insertion tuber growth control cone (26) to hook (26.1) and extension hold (25.3) and are in horizontal position Put, after tuber growth controls and fills up soilless culture substrate in cone (26), Chinese yam young plant is colonized box (25) from culture cover plate (16) rotated on, fix hook (26.1) and hold (25.3) with extension, continue to be filled out in incubator (4) with soilless culture substrate It is full, culture cover plate (16) is covered, the lantern ring (25.1) on rotation Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25), allows it to be nested in incubator On cover board (16)；The incubator (4) of populated soilless culture substrate is promoted into an incubator (4) into unit culture tank (2) Position, continue the installation of next incubator (4) and filled with matrix, two adjacent incubators (4) pass through incubator Opening or closing for " mountain " word connection button (23) of being fallen on cover board (16) realizes separation or connection；When the peace of all incubators (4) Dress is with after the completion of matrix filling, the hinge (11) for being arranged on unit culture tank (2) both ends and latch (12) being opened, case groove is lived Dynamic panel (15) is closed after being flipped up, and plugs latch (12), waits the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant；

D. the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant：Put on Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4) position of Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25) middle Enter Chinese yam young plant, and Chinese yam introduction flag (25.5) place beside young plant inserts Chinese yam young plant introduction, then in Chinese yam young plant Filling substrate is concordant to the upper surface with cultivating cover plate (16) in field planting box (25), and Chinese yam young plant introduction exposes culture cover plate (16) surface；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into bamboo bar from Chinese yam stent jack (24), lower end is positioned over the three of Chinese yam stent fixed bit (20) On a adjusting position, stable support is formed, every 4 bamboo poles tie together culture cover plate (16) above, form stable stand；

Chinese yam vines pour the 1st water when growing to 0.9-1.1m, after 7-10d, pour the 2nd water, and watering later need to keep soilless culture Matrix semi-wet, after main stem grows to frame top, plant bottom start produce side shoot when, to keep soilless culture substrate moistening and thoroughly Gas；

The 1st top dressing is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, the 2nd top dressing is carried out when Chinese yam beans start to expand, in Chinese yam Beans grow up to, and have Chinese yam beans to carry out the 3rd top dressing when starting shedding off；

With emulsion prevention subterranean pest-insect；Protected：With can kill WP or thiram WP or Mancozeb WP or iprodione WP exists Premorbid and Chinese yam growth are protected early period, early stage and Chinese yam Later growth thiophanate methyl WP or thiophanate methyl WP is mixed with Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or thiophanate methyl WP is used alternatingly with carbendazim WP；

" mountain " font connection button (23) on the culture cover plate (16) of two neighboring incubator (4) is opened, realizes adjacent two The separation of a incubator (4)；

Latch (12) is opened, hinge (11) is rotated, allows case groove drop front (15) to downwardly turn over, then promotes culture cover plate (16), the incubator separated (4) is slided into matrix collecting box (3) top position, collecting cart is put into matrix collecting box (3) (13), the cover board of collecting cart (13) is opened, then by opening incubator backplane switch (22), opens incubator bottom plate (21), Soilless culture substrate in incubator (4) will slowly fall and be collected into matrix collecting cart (13), shake tuber growth control System cone (26) lower end, the matrix for making tuber growth control cone (26) internal are hung down；

After collecting cart (13) is collected into soilless culture substrate, the cover board of matrix collecting cart (13) is covered, Chinese yam wins personnel station and exists On the cover board of matrix collecting cart (13), tuber growth control cone (26), rotation tuber growth control cone (26), by hook are lifted (26.1) hold from extension and removed on (25.3), on the ground cloth of the paving layer of plastic film of matrix recycle bin, laterally put down stem tuber life Long control cone (26), wins and is grown on Chinese yam therein, then pour out unnecessary matrix, the plastic film being deposited on ground cloth On；

With the matrix after the Disinfection Methods use sterilized in step a to matrix, sealed by the matrix of disinfection with plastic film Cover, in order to which second year is continuing with；Before use, according to matrix fertility Expenditure Levels, progress is necessary to adjust second year again Match somebody with somebody；

Cleaned with clear water to winning Chinese yam and pouring out all parts after matrix, soaked with liquor potassic permanganate, then with stream Water, which is rinsed well, to carry out disinfection, and irremovable part from plastics film is covered, moveable part is uniformly put into storeroom, The coming year is used again.

A kind of 2. application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust are 4.5 in the matrix formulations of rapid a：2.5：1：2；On the ground The thickness of upper one layer of tiling is 8-12cm, and disinfection formalin concentration is 40%, and extension rate is 50-100 times, is used after squirting Covered rearing with plastic film off-period, the time of being exposed to the sun is 2 day for 1-2 round the clock；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 400-600 A unit culture tank (2), substrates quantity 280-420m³, new matrix matrix filling before, calcium superphosphate is added in matrix Matrix, is sufficiently mixed by 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ again with spade, fully air-breathing.

A kind of 3. application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step It is filled into from culture cover plate (16) at 12cm, is smoothed out surface with wooden unit, in matrix table during rapid c first time filling substrates The print depth 2cm that leaves when face is printed deeply with field planting box (25), when second of filling substrate, will be filled up to culture case lid in incubator (4) Plate (16) place.

A kind of 4. application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step Reed head has bud-end upward when rapid d is put into Chinese yam young plant, is optimal Chinese yam young plant Different Transplanting Periods when soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C.

A kind of 5. application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step The rapid loose matrix of e after planting will loose matrix 1-2 times in time, carry out the loose matrix of 2-3 times after emergence, during loose matrix, The place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4) is shallow, and the place remote from Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4) is deep, with Chinese yam grows up, and loose substrate location will be away from Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4)；

A diameter of 1-2.5cm of bamboo bar as stent, ties the position of bamboo pole at from case face 1.5-1.8m, the high 2-2.5m of frame；

Every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg during first time top dressing, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg during second of top dressing, Every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg during third time top dressing；

With emulsion prevention subterranean pest-insect；Protected：With can kill WP or thiram WP or Mancozeb WP or iprodione WP exists Premorbid and Chinese yam growth are protected early period, early stage and Chinese yam Later growth thiophanate methyl WP or thiophanate methyl WP is mixed with Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or thiophanate methyl WP is used alternatingly with carbendazim WP.

A kind of 6. application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step Rapid f will carry out the cleaning of case face before harvest, remove hack lever, pull out twining stem, case face is cleaned out；

The potassium permanganate concentration of disinfection after cleaning is 1: 1000 immersion, and soaking time is 15 minutes.

7. the application method of the cultivated box without soil groove of a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including following Step：

A. the preparation and disinfection of matrix：Peat soil, decomposed cow dung, pottery gravel powder, the volume ratio of decomposed sawdust are in matrix formulations 4.5：2.5：1：2；Sterilization method is：By matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film the 8- that tiles 12cm is thick, and the formalin that concentration is 40% is diluted 50-100 times, diluted formalin is squirted this layer with sprayer Matrix, is then covered with second layer matrix, then is squirted with formalin, until all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin and are Only, after closing 1-2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of disinfection is spread out, is exposed to the sun more than 2 days, until not having in matrix Formaldehyde odor can use；The case groove of every 667 ㎡ areas can place 400-600 unit culture tank (2), substrates quantity 280- 420m³, before matrix filling, the addition calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡ and potassium sulfate 30kg/667 ㎡ in matrix, are used new matrix Matrix is sufficiently mixed by spade again, fully air-breathing；

C. the installation of incubator is filled with matrix：By on the embedded corresponding side plate (5) of pulley (19) on incubator side plate (17) Inner wall slideway (10) in, inwardly promote, the appearance of incubator (4) is attached to the inner face of unit culture tank (2), by what is sterilized Soilless culture substrate is filled into from culture cover plate (16) at 12cm, is smoothed out surface with wooden unit, then will be installed mountain The culture cover plate (16) of medicine young plant field planting box (25) is deep in the above to be printed, is removed culture cover plate (16), is planted without soil Training stromal surface leaves the bottom circle print of the Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25) of deep 2cm, in the middle of circle print, is inserted into tuber growth Control cone (26) holds (25.3) with extension to hook (26.1) and is horizontal, and is controlled in tuber growth in cone (26) and fills up no soil After cultivation matrix, Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25) rotate from culture cover plate (16), fix hook (26.1) and Extension holds (25.3), continues that with soilless culture substrate culture cover plate (16) place will be filled up in incubator (4), will cultivate cover plate (16) cover, the lantern ring (25.1) on rotation Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25), allows it to be nested on culture cover plate (16)；It will fill out Substitute the bad for the good soilless culture substrate incubator (4) to the position that an incubator (4) is promoted in unit culture tank (2), continue The installation of next incubator (4) is filled with matrix, and two adjacent incubators (4) are fallen on " mountain " by cultivating on cover plate (16) Word connection button (23) opens or closes realization separation or connection；When the installation of all incubators (4) is completed with matrix filling Afterwards, the hinge (11) and latch (12) that will be arranged on unit culture tank (2) both ends are opened, by case groove drop front (15) to turning over Closed after turning, plug latch (12), wait the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant；

D. the transplanting of Chinese yam young plant：Put on Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4) position of Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25) middle Entering Chinese yam young plant, reed head has bud-end upward, and Chinese yam introduction flag (25.5) place beside young plant inserts Chinese yam young plant introduction, Then filling substrate is concordant to the upper surface with cultivating cover plate (16) in Chinese yam young plant field planting box (25), Chinese yam young plant introduction Expose culture cover plate (16) surface, be optimal Chinese yam young plant Different Transplanting Periods when soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C；

E. cultivation management：After planting will loose matrix 1-2 time in time, the loose matrix of progress 2-3 times, loose base are still to after emergence During matter, the place near apart from Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4) is shallow, and the place remote from Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4) is deep, With growing up for Chinese yam, loose substrate location will be away from Chinese yam young plant field planting position (25.4)；

After Chinese yam emergence, it is inserted into diameter 1-2.5cm bamboos bar from Chinese yam stent jack (24), lower end is positioned over Chinese yam stent and fixes Three of position (20) are adjusted on position, form stable support, and culture cover plate (16) ties together for every 4 plants above, is formed and stablized Stand, the position of bundle is at from case face 1.5-1.8m, the high 2-2.5m of frame；

The 1st top dressing is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg, when Chinese yam beans start to expand The 2nd top dressing is carried out, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg, grows up in Chinese yam beans, there are Chinese yam beans to be carried out when starting shedding off 3rd top dressing, every 667 ㎡ impose compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg；

F. Chinese yam harvesting：Overground part cauline leaf can harvest when withered, and the cleaning of case face is carried out before harvest, hack lever is removed, pulls out and twine Around stem, case face is cleaned out；

Cleaned with clear water to winning Chinese yam and pouring out all parts after matrix, soaked with 1: 1000 liquor potassic permanganate 15 minutes, then rinsed well and carried out disinfection with flowing water, irremovable part from plastics film is covered, moveable part is united One is put into storeroom, and the coming year is used again.