CN105210709B - The quill that a kind of yam cultivation uses - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the quill that a kind of yam cultivation uses.The structure of equipment is simple, and material is rigid plastics, and manufacturing cost is low, and disposable input may be reused 8 12 years, and popularization and application are easy.Application method is simple, and action principle is clear and easy to understand, and men and women, old and young can grasp, and is not limited by technology and culture level.The double sleeve cultivating devices and application method of a kind of Chinese yam, equipment cost is low, service life is long, it is applied widely, be easy to grasp, breakage rate is low when matrix organic matter enriches fertility balance, Chinese yam yield high, Chinese yam harvesting, outward appearance and commercial quality are good, be the practical innovative means and application method of Chinese yam modernization industrialization development.

Description

The quill that a kind of yam cultivation uses

Technical field

The present invention relates to the quill that a kind of yam cultivation uses.

Background technology

Chinese yam (Dioseorea opposite Thunb) belongs to potato preparatory course (Stemonaceae), and potato belongs in advance (Dioseorea) plant.Chinese yam is mainly medicinal followed by edible.Edible also mostly is for medicinal purpose.People eat Chinese yam, All it is to think that it can cure the disease, can nourishes, naturally it is also possible to allay one's hunger.Chinese yam develops into today, and oneself turns into important international medicine, food Dual-purpose crop.Chinese yam mainly contain mucus juice, mannosan (mannan), mannocarolose, choline, glycoprotein, polyphenol oxidase, Vitamin C, phytic acid, 16 kinds of amino acid, allantoin and 3,4- dihydroxy benzenes ethamine, dopamine (domamine) etc., are important Nourishing food, there is the pharmacological action such as good efficacy to suffering from a deficiency of the kidney, engender liquid and benefic lung, the puckery essence of kidney tonifying, be usually used in spleen eating less, endless diarrhea, the deficiency syndrome of the lung Breath with cough, the treatment of emission due to the kidney deficiency, disease of quenching one's thirst etc. with lower frequent micturition, abnormal heat.It can also be used for reducing blood pressure and blood glucose, resist tumour, Anti-aging etc..China eats the epoch of Chinese yam, can investigate and trace back to B.C. more than 2000 years.Historical data in Mo kao grotto at Dunhuang In just have a record of " angle's congee ", yam porridge truly has adjustment appetite, the effect of health macrobiosis.

For thousands of years, China is always edible all using the stem tuber of the pre- platymiscium of potato.Until the end of the forties in last century, one is found After containing the pre- sapogenin of a potato seed (Diosgonin) in the pre- stem tuber of potato of a little species, countries in the world are just caused to the pre- plant of potato The attention of thing medical value.It is the starting original of some important medicinal materials such as synthesizing steroid hormone, contraceptive because the pre- sapogenin of potato. Potato pre- platymiscium in China's is a lot, only just has 17 kinds containing the pre- sapogenin of potato, in addition with 1 subspecies, two mutation.Wherein, Plant produced application can directly be provided just has 10 kinds, including shield leaf potato is pre-, little Hua shield leaves potato is pre-, wears imperial potato in advance, bavin yellow ginger, fibre Thin potato is pre-, fork stamen potato is pre-, powder back of the body potato is pre-, twelve month yam is pre-, hollyhock leaf potato is pre-.The pre- resource of potato spreads all over the country, it is estimated that, it is pre- only to wear imperial potato Annual production just up to 1,400,000 tons.The medical value of the pre- resource of these potatos, can substantially be divided into 4 classes, i.e.,:Shield leaf potato is pre-, yellow Solely, potato alpine rush or palm-bark rain cape, Chinese yam.Worldwide, 4 origins and cultivation centers can be divided into by eating the pre- class plant of potato, first, South China The pre- platymiscium of potato that the portion centre of origin is mainly eaten has yampi, air potato and small potato pre- etc.；Second, the central China centre of origin is main The edible pre- class plant of potato is exactly Chinese yam；Third, the western centre of origin in Africa, main edible circle potato is pre-, the bitter potato of Cayenne potato and Africa is pre- Deng；Fourth, the Caribbean waters centre of origin, including various countries around it, mainly eat Caribbean potato.

Plantation Chinese yam is the leading production of many area structural readjustment of rural industry, increasing peasant income and the foreign exchange earnings at present in China One of industry.According to《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》Nineteen ninety is recorded：RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China main product between height above sea level 150-1500m, be distributed in Henan, mountain The ground such as west, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan, In Eastern Gansu, Southern Shaanxi, stem tuber meat fertilizer Thickness, diameter 2-7cm, crust dark brown, there is dilute fibrous root (iron rod yam)；Or crust yellowish-brown, fibrous root are relatively thick (Taigu Chinese yam). This explanation iron rod yam and Taigu Chinese yam are two big famous products of RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China.

At present, the plantation of Chinese yam is still using excavating the deep soil layers of 1m, Second Year based on traditional cultivation method, i.e., before the winter Autumn excavated the deep soil layers of 1m and collected Chinese yam again, and labor intensity is big, and plant needs per 667m2 by Chinese yam kind the beginning of spring 40 works；Yield poorly, per 667m2 yield in 1000-1500kg；Sole potato, bifurcated potato, pimple potato, damaged potato are more, commodity rate It is low, only 80% or so.With the continuous development of yam planting industry, people research yam variety improvement, Chinese yam young plant breed, water Start labor cost in focusing on yam planting and harvesting while fertile management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, reap, store and process to ask Topic, and a large amount of beneficial explorations have been carried out in terms of the improvement of planting equipment and technology, invent various types of Chinese yam trench diggings Cropper, yam planting card punch, yam planting pipeline, sleeve pipe or half-covering tube, yam planting guiding groove, yam planting water conservation control Root bag etc..Raising of these achievements in research to the cultivation technique of Chinese yam serves a certain degree of facilitation.But these skills Art still has various restrictive conditions to obtain wide popularization and application in the production practices of Chinese yam, such as：Machine Tool trench digging cropper is adapted to the flat large-scale planting base of physical features, and general planting household can not afford, and the uneven base of physical features can not With；Pipeline, sleeve pipe or half-covering tube, guiding groove are by guiding control Chinese yam tuber growth direction to allow Chinese yam stem tuber along level of approximation Direction grow, be easy to harvest, save labor, but have ignored Chinese yam stem tuber Bendroquinon in growth medium habit [perpendicular to the ground inclination >= 58.28°；The gravity arctan function value reciprocal to plant growth influence power golden section point value], during tuber growth Be guided the pressure of material walls and the double action of gravity [58.28 ° of inclination ＜ perpendicular to the ground] and produce substantial amounts of sole potato, Fraction potato, pimple potato, directly affect the commodity rate and quality of stem tuber；Water-retention root-control bag requirement condition is higher, is suitable only for family Balcony carries out leisure agriculture exploitation with small farm, and large area plantation can not be promoted.

The content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the quill that a kind of yam cultivation uses.

The technical scheme is that：A kind of quill that yam cultivation uses, it is characterised in that described inner sleeve (1) a diameter of 10 ㎝, material are PVC rigid plastics, and sleeve wall thickness is 0.3 ㎝, and two inner sleeve gear bars (12) are fixed on On corresponding inner sleeve (1), a diameter of 12 ㎝ of outer sleeve (2), material is PVC rigid plastics, and sleeve wall thickness is 0.3 ㎝, outside Sleeve (2) and inner sleeve (1) length are 100 ㎝, and sleeve wall mesh is uniformly distributed in outer sleeve (2) and inner sleeve (1) sleeve wall (11), its a diameter of 1.0 ㎝, horizontal, longitudinal pitch is 2.0 ㎝, and Chinese yam root system passes through sleeve wall mesh (11) and outer sleeve (2) The soil contact of outside, also there is the effect of ventilative, draining, bottom is inner sleeve bottom leakage (3), has the work for catching cultivation matrix With also having the function that ventilative, draining.

The quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, it is characterised in that described power gear (5) overall diameter is 6.0 ㎝, interior diameter are 3.0 ㎝, and the ㎝ of motive bearing (16) diameter 3.0, reinforcement (9) is the load-bearing material thickeied, can carry line shaft The gravity transmitted when (16) rotate from power gear (5) is held, the topmost in gear-box (7), provided with gear box cover (8), works as tooth When taking turns case lid (8) closing, the soil outside inner sleeve (1) internal cultivation matrix and outer sleeve can be prevented to spread into gear-box (7) in, ensure to be in clean state inside gear-box (7)；When gear box cover (8) is opened, could carry out power gear (5), The installation of motive bearing (16) and handle (20).

The quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, it is characterised in that the gear of described inner sleeve gear bar (12) away from And long generous size and power gear (5) is in the same size, is uniformly distributed in the length of each power gear (5) girth 8 gears, when inner sleeve (1) needs to move up and down, open gear box cover (8) and power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) Top, motive bearing (16) are passed through by gear inner bearing external tooth race (6) among power gear (5), bearing rotating shaft (19) It is carried on the gear-box reinforcement (9) of outer sleeve (2), handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle External gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), is held by inwardly or outwardly rotating left and right two one or two simultaneously Handle (22), realizes moving up or down for inner sleeve (1).

The quill application method that a kind of yam cultivation of the present invention uses comprises the following steps：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix volume is than formula：Leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2；It is 40% by concentration Formalin dilute 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile one Layer about l0cm is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then the second layer is then covered with, then is used Formalin squirts, and untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally closes 1-2 with covered rearing with plastic film It is individual round the clock after, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until matrix in there is no formaldehyde odor to use, utilize Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when formaldehyde sterilizes, therefore, must be noted that to properly protect in operation, it is various Matrix is stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film；

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge；

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100；First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam；Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows；

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve (1) is placed in outer sleeve (2), gear box cover (8) is covered, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box (7) in；Then outer sleeve (2) is imbedded in kind of plant hole, the top of outer sleeve (2) is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole；Into To gear-box (7) parallel to line-spacing direction, be easy in Chinese yam harvesting in the ranks carry out inner sleeve (1) lifting behaviour Make；

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again, it is fully air-breathing；Matrix is filled into inner sleeve (1) with funnel, apart from ground 10 Center position at ㎝, Chinese yam young plant is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and 25 ㎝ one long bamboo chip work is inserted beside young plant Young plant introduction, filling substrate is then proceeded to concordant with ground, Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝；

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots 5 ㎝ of backfill, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant introduction Basset 10 ㎝；

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed；After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed；During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage；

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame is steady, on ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m；Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate；

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, water It is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation, after 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep the soil semi-wet to be Preferably；After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept；

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg；Start in Chinese yam beans swollen The 2nd top dressing is carried out when big, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg；Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start shedding off The 3rd top dressing of Shi Jinhang, every 667 ㎡ impose compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg；

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm；Controlling underground pest, every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercial styles of methyl 40% missible oil 200g, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour；The preventing and treating of Chinese yam anthracnose, taking can kill in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50%WP1000- 1500 times of liquid are protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and can substantially control Anthracnose processed causes harm；

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered；Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face；The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened, 20 ㎝ are then dug downwards, by overcoat Expose at the top of cylinder (2) and gear-box (7)；

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

The top that power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) by gear box cover (8) is opened, motive bearing (16) passes through gear Inner bearing external tooth race (6) passes through among power gear (5), and the gear-box that bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on outer sleeve (2) adds In strengthening tendons (9), power handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17)；

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are turned out, inner sleeve (1) is slowly lifted up, when the height of inner sleeve (1) 2/3 When degree leaves outer sleeve (2), another artificial force is pulled out；Take out motive bearing (16), power gear (5) and handle (20), cover gear box cover (8), and will be covered with the disk on a pinnacle at the top of outer sleeve (2), prevent rainwater, soil and miscellaneous Thing enters in outer sleeve (2)；Inner sleeve (1) uniformly transports to the matrix recycle bin of deployment；

D. Chinese yam is won

In the ground cloth upper berth layer of plastic film of matrix recycle bin, the inner sleeve latch closure (14) on inner sleeve (1) is opened, is drawn The inner sleeve latch closure (14) of inner sleeve (1) is opened, inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) turns on automatically, wins the Chinese yam being grown in matrix, so Matrix is poured out afterwards, is deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth；

E. matrix sterilizes

By concentration be 40% formalin dilute 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with one layer of modeling Expect that one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick on the ground of film, is then squirted this layer of matrix the formalin diluted with sprayer； Then the second layer is then covered with, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally After closing 1-2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no first in matrix Aldehyde smell can use；, therefore, must in operation because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when being sterilized using formaldehyde Notably properly protect；

By sterilization matrix plastic sheeting sealing covers, in order to which Second Year is continuing with, Second Year before use, According to matrix fertility Expenditure Levels, it is necessary to re-start allotment；

F. inner sleeve cleans

Chinese yam will be won and pour out the inner sleeve (1) after matrix and cleaned, sterilized with clear water, with 1: 1000 permanganic acid Potassium solution soaks 15 minutes, then is rinsed well with flowing water, is uniformly put into storeroom, the coming year is used again.

The quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, it is characterised in that be provided with inner sleeve (1), overcoat in outer sleeve (2) Cylinder (2) and inner sleeve (1) bottom is provided with outer sleeve bottom leakage (4) and inner sleeve bottom leakage (3), is set on outer sleeve (2) and inner sleeve (1) There is sleeve wall mesh (11), outer sleeve (2) both sides are provided with gear-box (7), and gear-box (7) is interior provided with power gear (5), gear Bearing external tooth race (6), gear-box reinforcement (9), inner sleeve (1) half garden piece as corresponding to two pass through inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) Formed with inner sleeve latch closure (14)；Inner sleeve (1) is provided with inner sleeve gear bar (12), and inner sleeve gear bar (12) passes through inner sleeve Cylinder gear bar fixed screw (15) is fixed on inner sleeve (1)；Gear-box reinforcement (9) is provided with gear-box (7), gear-box adds Strengthening tendons (9) is fixed in gear-box (7) by gear-box reinforcement fixed screw (10)；Being provided with gear-box (7) can be by inner sleeve The gear train that cylinder (1) is risen by gear, gear train are made up of handle (20) and gear, and handle (20) side is provided with handlebar grip (22), handle (20) is provided with handle external gear (21), and handle external gear (21) is embedded in handle in the bearing in motive bearing (16) In hand external tooth race (17), motive bearing (16) is provided with bearing rotating shaft (19) and bearing external gear (18), bearing external gear (18) in the gear inner bearing external tooth race (6) on embedded power gear (5).

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：

1st, the structure for the quill equipment that yam cultivation of the present invention uses is simple, and material is rigid plastics, manufacturing cost Low, 8-12 may be reused in disposable input, and popularization and application are easy.

2nd, the quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, application method is simple, and action principle is clear and easy to understand, men and women, old and young It can all grasp, not limited by technology and culture level.

3rd, the quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, usable floor area is changeable, no matter large-scale farm, small-sized cooperation Society, Chinese yam individual large plantation family, plantation small family are all suitable for.

4th, the quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, yam cultivation is carried out using dedicated substrate, organic matter in matrix Content is high, nutrient balance, realizes the purpose of yam cultivation high yield, average per unit area yield is 4089-5628kg/667 ㎡.The matrix used Have been subjected to formalin sterilization, artificial sterilization or changed between year between year, overcome the disease pest that yam cultivation matrix belt is come endanger with And the negative effect that continuous crop is brought.

5th, the quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, ensure that the draining of Chinese yam tuber growth requirement is ventilative good, The rhizospheric environment condition of loose fertile, relative constant temperature, while meet gravity the geotropism to be formed is influenceed on Chinese yam tuber growth Habit, without sole potato, the formation of fraction potato, pimple potato, the Chinese yam commodity rate of production is in 92-97%, and Chinese yam outward appearance It is best in quality.

6th, the quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, by the way of power gear, motive bearing and power handle The inner sleeve of Chinese yam tuber growth is lifted, removes a large amount of soils during traditional cultivation method Chinese yam harvesting from and excavates recruitment, save labour 45-65%.Breakage is caused to Chinese yam stem tuber during rare traditional cultivation method Chinese yam harvesting simultaneously.

7th, the quill that yam cultivation of the present invention uses, equipment cost is low, service life is long, it is applied widely, be easy to Grasp, breakage rate is low when matrix organic matter enriches fertility balance, Chinese yam yield high, Chinese yam harvesting, outward appearance and commercial quality are good, be Chinese yam modernizes the practical innovative means and application method of industrialization development.

Brief description of the drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the quill volume rendering structural representation that yam cultivation uses；

Accompanying drawing 2 is the gear bar structural representation for the quill that yam cultivation uses；

Accompanying drawing 3 is the bearing and grip structure schematic diagram for the quill that yam cultivation uses；

In accompanying drawing：1- is inner sleeve；2- is outer sleeve；3- leaks for inner sleeve bottom；4- leaks for outer sleeve bottom；5- is power teeth Wheel；6- is gear inner bearing external tooth race；7- is gear-box；8- is gear-box；9- is gear-box reinforcement；10- is gear-box Reinforcement fixed screw；11- is sleeve wall mesh；12- is inner sleeve gear bar；13- is inner sleeve loose-leaf；14- is inner sleeve Latch closure；15- is inner sleeve gear bar fixed screw；16- is motive bearing；17- is bearing Internal handle external tooth race；18- is axle Hold external gear；19- is bearing rotating shaft；20- is handle；21- is handle external gear；22- is handlebar grip.

Embodiment

With reference to illustration is implemented, the present invention is further described.

Embodiment 1：The quill that a kind of yam cultivation of the present invention uses, outer sleeve 2 is interior to be provided with inner sleeve 1, outer sleeve 2 Outer sleeve bottom leakage 4 and inner sleeve bottom leakage 3 are provided with the bottom of inner sleeve 1, outer sleeve 2 and inner sleeve 1 are provided with sleeve wall mesh 11, The both sides of outer sleeve 2 are provided with gear-box 7, and power gear 5, gear inner bearing external tooth race 6, gear-box are provided with gear-box 7 and is strengthened Muscle 9, the half garden piece corresponding to two of inner sleeve 1 are made up of inner sleeve loose-leaf 13 and inner sleeve latch closure 14；Inner sleeve 1 is provided with Inner sleeve gear bar 12, inner sleeve gear bar 12 are fixed on inner sleeve 1 by inner sleeve gear bar fixed screw 15；Gear-box Gear-box reinforcement 9 is provided with 7, gear-box reinforcement 9 is fixed in gear-box 7 by gear-box reinforcement fixed screw 10； The gear train that inner sleeve 1 can be risen by gear is provided with gear-box 7, gear train is made up of handle 20 and gear, handle 20 Side is provided with handlebar grip 22, and handle 20 is provided with handle external gear 21, and handle external gear 21 is embedded in the bearing in motive bearing 16 In Internal handle external tooth race 17, motive bearing 16 is provided with bearing rotating shaft 19 and bearing external gear 18, and bearing external gear 18 is embedded in In gear inner bearing external tooth race 6 in power gear 5.A diameter of 10 ㎝ of inner sleeve 1, material are PVC rigid plastics, sleeve wall Thickness is 0.3 ㎝, and two inner sleeve gear bars 12 are fixed on corresponding inner sleeve 1, a diameter of 12 ㎝ of outer sleeve 2, and material is PVC rigid plastics, sleeve wall thickness are 0.3 ㎝, and outer sleeve 2 and the length of inner sleeve 1 are 1 set of 100 ㎝, outer sleeve 2 and inner sleeve Sleeve wall mesh 11 is uniformly distributed on barrel, its a diameter of 1.0 ㎝, horizontal, longitudinal pitch is 2.0 ㎝, and Chinese yam root system passes through set Barrel mesh 11 contacts with the soil of the outside of outer sleeve 2, also has the effect of ventilative, draining, and bottom is inner sleeve bottom leakage 3, is had Cultivation matrix is caught, also there is ventilative, draining.The overall diameter of power gear 5 is 6.0 ㎝, interior diameter 3.0 ㎝, the ㎝ of 16 diameter of motive bearing 3.0, reinforcement 9 are the load-bearing material thickeied, can be carried when motive bearing 16 rotates from power teeth The gravity that wheel 5 transmits, in the topmost of gear-box 7, provided with gear box cover 8, when gear box cover 8 is closed, can prevent inner sleeve The soil outside cultivation matrix and outer sleeve inside cylinder 1 is spread into gear-box 7, ensures that the inside of gear-box 7 is in clean state； When gear box cover 8 is opened, the installation of power gear 5, motive bearing 16 and handle 20 could be carried out.Inner sleeve gear bar 12 Gear away from and long generous size and power gear 5 it is in the same size, uniformly divide in the length of each girth of power gear 5 8 gears of cloth, when inner sleeve 1 needs to move up and down, the top that power gear 5 is placed in gear-box 7 by gear box cover 8 is opened, Motive bearing 16 is passed through by gear inner bearing external tooth race 6 among power gear 5, and bearing rotating shaft 19 is carried on outer sleeve 2 Gear-box reinforcement 9 on, handle 20 is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race 17, handle external gear 21 is just embedded in bearing Handle external tooth race 17, by simultaneously inwardly or outwardly rotate left and right two handlebar grips 22, realize the upward of inner sleeve 1 or to Lower movement.

The quill that a kind of yam cultivation of the present invention uses comprises the following steps：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix volume is than formula：Leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2；It is 40% by concentration Formalin dilute 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with the ground of layer of plastic film and tile one Layer about l0cm is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then the second layer is then covered with, then is used Formalin squirts, and untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally closes 1-2 with covered rearing with plastic film It is individual round the clock after, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until matrix in there is no formaldehyde odor to use, utilize Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when formaldehyde sterilizes, therefore, must be noted that to properly protect in operation, it is various Matrix is stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film；

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge；

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100；First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam；Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows；

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve 1 is placed in outer sleeve 2, covers gear box cover 8, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box 7；So Outer sleeve 2 is imbedded in kind of plant hole afterwards, the top of outer sleeve 2 is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole；Paired gear-box 7 is flat Row is easy in the ranks carrying out the lifting operation of inner sleeve 1 in Chinese yam harvesting in the direction of line-spacing；

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again, it is fully air-breathing；Matrix is filled into inner sleeve 1 with funnel, apart from the ㎝ of ground 10 The center position at place, Chinese yam young plant is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and insertion 25 ㎝ one long bamboo chip is planted beside young plant Sub- introduction, filling substrate is then proceeded to concordant with ground, Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝；

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots 5 ㎝ of backfill, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant introduction Basset 10 ㎝；

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed；After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed；During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage；

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame is steady, on ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m；Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate；

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, water It is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation, after 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep the soil semi-wet to be Preferably；After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept；

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg；Start in Chinese yam beans swollen The 2nd top dressing is carried out when big, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg；Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start shedding off The 3rd top dressing of Shi Jinhang, every 667 ㎡ impose compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg；

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm；Controlling underground pest, every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercial styles of methyl 40% missible oil 200g, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour；The preventing and treating of Chinese yam anthracnose, taking can kill in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50%WP1000- 1500 times of liquid are protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and can substantially control Anthracnose processed causes harm；

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered；Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face；The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened, 20 ㎝ are then dug downwards, by overcoat The top of cylinder 2 and gear-box 7 is exposed；

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

Open gear box cover 8 and power gear 5 be placed in the top of gear-box 7, motive bearing 16 by gear inner bearing outside Gear grooved 6 is passed through among power gear 5, and bearing rotating shaft 19 is carried on the gear-box reinforcement 9 of outer sleeve 2, by power handle Hand 20 inserts bearing Internal handle external tooth race 17, and handle external gear 21 is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race 17；

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips 22 in left and right are turned out, inner sleeve 1 is slowly lifted up, when the height of inner sleeve 2/3 is left During outer sleeve 2, another artificial force is pulled out；Motive bearing 16, power gear 5 and handle 20 are taken out, covers gear-box Lid 8, and covered the top of outer sleeve 2 with the disk on a pinnacle, prevent rainwater, soil and debris from entering in outer sleeve 2；Inner sleeve Cylinder 1 uniformly transports to the matrix recycle bin of deployment；

D. Chinese yam is won

In the ground cloth upper berth layer of plastic film of matrix recycle bin, the inner sleeve latch closure 14 on inner sleeve 1 is opened, is scratched interior The inner sleeve latch closure 14 of sleeve 1, inner sleeve loose-leaf 13 turn on automatically, win the Chinese yam being grown in matrix, then fall matrix Go out, be deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth；

E. matrix sterilizes

By concentration be 40% formalin dilute 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized it is clean, be lined with one layer of modeling Expect that one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick on the ground of film, is then squirted this layer of matrix the formalin diluted with sprayer； Then the second layer is then covered with, then is squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally After closing 1-2 round the clock with covered rearing with plastic film, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no first in matrix Aldehyde smell can use；, therefore, must in operation because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when being sterilized using formaldehyde Notably properly protect；

By sterilization matrix plastic sheeting sealing covers, in order to which Second Year is continuing with, Second Year before use, According to matrix fertility Expenditure Levels, it is necessary to re-start allotment；

F. inner sleeve cleans

Chinese yam will be won and pour out the inner sleeve 1 after matrix and cleaned, sterilized with clear water, with 1: 1000 potassium permanganate Solution soaks 15 minutes, then is rinsed well with flowing water, is uniformly put into storeroom, the coming year is used again.

Embodiment 2：

The quill that a kind of yam cultivation uses, implement as follows：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix formulations (volume ratio) is：(1) leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2.It is by concentration 40% or so formalin dilutes 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film Upper one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then it is then covered with Two layers, then squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally covered with plastic sheeting After lid closing 1-2 round the clock, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor can in matrix Use.Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when sterilizing using formaldehyde, therefore, must be noted that to carry out in operation Protection.Various matrix are stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film.

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge.

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100.First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam.Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows.

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve (1) is placed in outer sleeve (2), gear box cover (8) is covered, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box (7) in.Then outer sleeve (2) is imbedded in kind of plant hole, the top of inside and outside sleeve (2) is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole. Paired gear-box (7) is easy in the ranks carrying out the lifting behaviour of inner sleeve (1) in Chinese yam harvesting parallel to the direction of line-spacing Make.

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again with spade, it is fully air-breathing.Matrix is filled into inner sleeve (1) with funnel, in distance Center position at the ㎝ of ground 10, Chinese yam young plant (Chinese yam nose) is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and one is inserted beside young plant Individual long 25 ㎝ bamboo chip makees young plant introduction, then proceedes to filling substrate to concordant with ground, and Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝ or so.

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into 5 ㎝ of heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots backfill or so, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant Introduction bassets 10 ㎝ or so.

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed.After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed.During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage.

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame will be surely.On ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m.Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate.

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m or so, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, Water is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.After 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep soil semi-wet It is advisable.After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept.

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing typically is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg.Opened in Chinese yam beans Beginning carries out the 2nd top dressing when expanding, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg.Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start The 3rd top dressing is carried out when coming off, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg.

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm.Controlling underground pest, every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercial styles of methyl 40% missible oil 200g, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour.The preventing and treating of Chinese yam anthracnose, taking can kill in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50%WP1000- 1500 times of liquid are protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and can substantially control Anthracnose processed causes harm.

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered.Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face.The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened with flat hoe, then digs 20 ㎝ downwards Left and right, it will expose at the top of outer sleeve (2) and gear-box (7).

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

The top that power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) by gear box cover (8) is opened, motive bearing (16) passes through gear Inner bearing external tooth race (6) passes through among power gear (5), and the gear-box that bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on outer sleeve (2) adds In strengthening tendons (9), power handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17).

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are turned out simultaneously, and inner sleeve (1) is slowly lifted up, when inner sleeve (1) 2/3 Height when leaving outer sleeve (2), another artificial force is pulled out, and is put on wooden handcart.Take out motive bearing (16), power Gear (5) and handle (20), gear box cover (8) is covered, and will be covered with the disk on a pinnacle at the top of outer sleeve (2), prevented Rainwater, soil and debris enter in outer sleeve (2).After thering is a number of inner sleeve (1) to fill wooden handcart, field is uniformly transported to The matrix recycle bin of setting.

D. Chinese yam is won

On the ground cloth of matrix recycle bin (cloth upper berth layer of plastic film), the inner sleeve ring on inner sleeve (1) is opened Detain (14), the inner sleeve (1) on inner sleeve latch closure (14) one side is scratched with thick bamboo chip, inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) is turned on, won automatically The Chinese yam being grown in matrix, then pours out matrix, is deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth.

Chinese yam yield 4089kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 94%, harvest saving of labor 60%, Chinese yam stem tuber breakage rate 1%.

Embodiment 3：

The quill application method that a kind of yam cultivation uses, implement as follows：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix formulations (volume ratio) is：(1) leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2.It is by concentration 40% or so formalin dilutes 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film Upper one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then it is then covered with Two layers, then squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally covered with plastic sheeting After lid closing 1-2 round the clock, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor can in matrix Use.Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when sterilizing using formaldehyde, therefore, must be noted that to carry out in operation Protection.Various matrix are stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film.

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge.

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100.First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam.Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows.

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve (1) is placed in outer sleeve (2), gear box cover (8) is covered, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box (7) in.Then outer sleeve (2) is imbedded in kind of plant hole, the top of inside and outside sleeve (2) is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole. Paired gear-box (7) is easy in the ranks carrying out the lifting behaviour of inner sleeve (1) in Chinese yam harvesting parallel to the direction of line-spacing Make.

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again with spade, it is fully air-breathing.Matrix is filled into inner sleeve (1) with funnel, in distance Center position at the ㎝ of ground 10, Chinese yam young plant (Chinese yam nose) is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and one is inserted beside young plant Individual long 25 ㎝ bamboo chip makees young plant introduction, then proceedes to filling substrate to concordant with ground, and Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝ or so.

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into 5 ㎝ of heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots backfill or so, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant Introduction bassets 10 ㎝ or so.

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed.After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed.During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage.

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame will be surely.On ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m.Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate.

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m or so, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, Water is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.After 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep soil semi-wet It is advisable.After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept.

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing typically is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg.Opened in Chinese yam beans Beginning carries out the 2nd top dressing when expanding, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg.Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start The 3rd top dressing is carried out when coming off, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg.

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm.Controlling underground pest, every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercial styles of methyl 40% missible oil 200g, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour.The preventing and treating of Chinese yam anthracnose, taking can kill in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50%WP1000- 1500 times of liquid are protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and can substantially control Anthracnose processed causes harm.

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered.Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face.The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened with flat hoe, then digs 20 ㎝ downwards Left and right, it will expose at the top of outer sleeve (2) and gear-box (7).

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

The top that power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) by gear box cover (8) is opened, motive bearing (16) passes through gear Inner bearing external tooth race (6) passes through among power gear (5), and the gear-box that bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on outer sleeve (2) adds In strengthening tendons (9), power handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17).

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are turned out simultaneously, and inner sleeve (1) is slowly lifted up, when inner sleeve (1) 2/3 Height when leaving outer sleeve (2), another artificial force is pulled out, and is put on wooden handcart.Take out motive bearing (16), power Gear (5) and handle (20), gear box cover (8) is covered, and will be covered with the disk on a pinnacle at the top of outer sleeve (2), prevented Rainwater, soil and debris enter in outer sleeve (2).After thering is a number of inner sleeve (1) to fill wooden handcart, field is uniformly transported to The matrix recycle bin of setting.

D. Chinese yam is won

On the ground cloth of matrix recycle bin (cloth upper berth layer of plastic film), the inner sleeve ring on inner sleeve (1) is opened Detain (14), the inner sleeve (1) on inner sleeve latch closure (14) one side is scratched with thick bamboo chip, inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) is turned on, won automatically The Chinese yam being grown in matrix, then pours out matrix, is deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth.

Chinese yam yield 4372kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 95%, harvest saving of labor 61%, Chinese yam stem tuber breakage rate 1.5%.

Embodiment 4：

The quill application method that a kind of yam cultivation uses, implement as follows：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix formulations (volume ratio) is：(1) leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2.It is by concentration 40% or so formalin dilutes 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film Upper one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then it is then covered with Two layers, then squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally covered with plastic sheeting After lid closing 1-2 round the clock, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor can in matrix Use.Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when sterilizing using formaldehyde, therefore, must be noted that to carry out in operation Protection.Various matrix are stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film.

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge.

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100.First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam.Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows.

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve (1) is placed in outer sleeve (2), gear box cover (8) is covered, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box (7) in.Then outer sleeve (2) is imbedded in kind of plant hole, the top of inside and outside sleeve (2) is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole. Paired gear-box (7) is easy in the ranks carrying out the lifting behaviour of inner sleeve (1) in Chinese yam harvesting parallel to the direction of line-spacing Make.

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again with spade, it is fully air-breathing.Matrix is filled into inner sleeve (1) with funnel, in distance Center position at the ㎝ of ground 10, Chinese yam young plant (Chinese yam nose) is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and one is inserted beside young plant Individual long 25 ㎝ bamboo chip makees young plant introduction, then proceedes to filling substrate to concordant with ground, and Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝ or so.

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into 5 ㎝ of heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots backfill or so, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant Introduction bassets 10 ㎝ or so.

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed.After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed.During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage.

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame will be surely.On ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m.Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate.

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m or so, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, Water is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.After 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep soil semi-wet It is advisable.After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept.

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing typically is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg.Opened in Chinese yam beans Beginning carries out the 2nd top dressing when expanding, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg.Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start The 3rd top dressing is carried out when coming off, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg.

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm.Controlling underground pest, every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercial styles of methyl 40% missible oil 200g, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour.The preventing and treating of Chinese yam anthracnose, taking can kill in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50%WP1000- 1500 times of liquid are protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and can substantially control Anthracnose processed causes harm.

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered.Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face.The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened with flat hoe, then digs 20 ㎝ downwards Left and right, it will expose at the top of outer sleeve (2) and gear-box (7).

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

The top that power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) by gear box cover (8) is opened, motive bearing (16) passes through gear Inner bearing external tooth race (6) passes through among power gear (5), and the gear-box that bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on outer sleeve (2) adds In strengthening tendons (9), power handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17).

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are turned out simultaneously, and inner sleeve (1) is slowly lifted up, when inner sleeve (1) 2/3 Height when leaving outer sleeve (2), another artificial force is pulled out, and is put on wooden handcart.Take out motive bearing (16), power Gear (5) and handle (20), gear box cover (8) is covered, and will be covered with the disk on a pinnacle at the top of outer sleeve (2), prevented Rainwater, soil and debris enter in outer sleeve (2).After thering is a number of inner sleeve (1) to fill wooden handcart, field is uniformly transported to The matrix recycle bin of setting.

D. Chinese yam is won

On the ground cloth of matrix recycle bin (cloth upper berth layer of plastic film), the inner sleeve ring on inner sleeve (1) is opened Detain (14), the inner sleeve (1) on inner sleeve latch closure (14) one side is scratched with thick bamboo chip, inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) is turned on, won automatically The Chinese yam being grown in matrix, then pours out matrix, is deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth.

Chinese yam yield 4685kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 96%, harvest saving of labor 64%, Chinese yam stem tuber breakage rate 2%.

Embodiment 5：

The quill application method that a kind of yam cultivation uses, implement as follows：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix formulations (volume ratio) is：(1) leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2.It is by concentration 40% or so formalin dilutes 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film Upper one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then it is then covered with Two layers, then squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally covered with plastic sheeting After lid closing 1-2 round the clock, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor can in matrix Use.Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when sterilizing using formaldehyde, therefore, must be noted that to carry out in operation Protection.Various matrix are stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film.

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge.

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100.First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam.Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows.

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve (1) is placed in outer sleeve (2), gear box cover (8) is covered, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box (7) in.Then outer sleeve (2) is imbedded in kind of plant hole, the top of inside and outside sleeve (2) is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole. Paired gear-box (7) is easy in the ranks carrying out the lifting behaviour of inner sleeve (1) in Chinese yam harvesting parallel to the direction of line-spacing Make.

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again with spade, it is fully air-breathing.Matrix is filled into inner sleeve (1) with funnel, in distance Center position at the ㎝ of ground 10, Chinese yam young plant (Chinese yam nose) is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and one is inserted beside young plant Individual long 25 ㎝ bamboo chip makees young plant introduction, then proceedes to filling substrate to concordant with ground, and Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝ or so.

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into 5 ㎝ of heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots backfill or so, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant Introduction bassets 10 ㎝ or so.

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed.After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed.During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage.

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame will be surely.On ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m.Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate.

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m or so, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, Water is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.After 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep soil semi-wet It is advisable.After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept.

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing typically is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg.Opened in Chinese yam beans Beginning carries out the 2nd top dressing when expanding, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg.Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start The 3rd top dressing is carried out when coming off, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg.

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm.Subterranean pest-insect can take every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercializations of methyl The missible oil 200g of type 40%, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour.Preventing and treating to Chinese yam anthracnose is taken can in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Kill to obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50% WP1000-1500 times of liquid is protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth with WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% thiophanate methyl WP, 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, substantially On can control causing harm for anthracnose.

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered.Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face.The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened with flat hoe, then digs 20 ㎝ downwards Left and right, it will expose at the top of outer sleeve (2) and gear-box (7).

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

The top that power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) by gear box cover (8) is opened, motive bearing (16) passes through gear Inner bearing external tooth race (6) passes through among power gear (5), and the gear-box that bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on outer sleeve (2) adds In strengthening tendons (9), power handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17).

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are turned out simultaneously, and inner sleeve (1) is slowly lifted up, when inner sleeve (1) 2/3 Height when leaving outer sleeve (2), another artificial force is pulled out, and is put on wooden handcart.Take out motive bearing (16), power Gear (5) and handle (20), gear box cover (8) is covered, and will be covered with the disk on a pinnacle at the top of outer sleeve (2), prevented Rainwater, soil and debris enter in outer sleeve (2).After thering is a number of inner sleeve (1) to fill wooden handcart, field is uniformly transported to The matrix recycle bin of setting.

D. Chinese yam is won

On the ground cloth of matrix recycle bin (cloth upper berth layer of plastic film), the inner sleeve ring on inner sleeve (1) is opened Detain (14), the inner sleeve (1) on inner sleeve latch closure (14) one side is scratched with thick bamboo chip, inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) is turned on, won automatically The Chinese yam being grown in matrix, then pours out matrix, is deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth.

Chinese yam yield 5327kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 97%, harvest saving of labor 57%, Chinese yam stem tuber breakage rate 1%.

Embodiment 6：

The quill application method that a kind of yam cultivation uses, implement as follows：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix formulations (volume ratio) is：(1) leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2.It is by concentration 40% or so formalin dilutes 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film Upper one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then it is then covered with Two layers, then squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally covered with plastic sheeting After lid closing 1-2 round the clock, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor can in matrix Use.Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when sterilizing using formaldehyde, therefore, must be noted that to carry out in operation Protection.Various matrix are stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film.

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge.

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100.First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam.Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows.

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve (1) is placed in outer sleeve (2), gear box cover (8) is covered, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box (7) in.Then outer sleeve (2) is imbedded in kind of plant hole, the top of inside and outside sleeve (2) is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole. Paired gear-box (7) is easy in the ranks carrying out the lifting behaviour of inner sleeve (1) in Chinese yam harvesting parallel to the direction of line-spacing Make.

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again with spade, it is fully air-breathing.Matrix is filled into inner sleeve (1) with funnel, in distance Center position at the ㎝ of ground 10, Chinese yam young plant (Chinese yam nose) is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and one is inserted beside young plant Individual long 25 ㎝ bamboo chip makees young plant introduction, then proceedes to filling substrate to concordant with ground, and Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝ or so.

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into 5 ㎝ of heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots backfill or so, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant Introduction bassets 10 ㎝ or so.

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed.After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed.During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage.

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame will be surely.On ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m.Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate.

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m or so, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, Water is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.After 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep soil semi-wet It is advisable.After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept.

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing typically is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg.Opened in Chinese yam beans Beginning carries out the 2nd top dressing when expanding, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg.Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start The 3rd top dressing is carried out when coming off, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg.

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm.Controlling underground pest, every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercial styles of methyl 40% missible oil 200g, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour.The preventing and treating of Chinese yam anthracnose, taking can kill in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50%WP1000- 1500 times of liquid are protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and can substantially control Anthracnose processed causes harm.

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered.Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face.The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened with flat hoe, then digs 20 ㎝ downwards Left and right, it will expose at the top of outer sleeve (2) and gear-box (7).

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

The top that power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) by gear box cover (8) is opened, motive bearing (16) passes through gear Inner bearing external tooth race (6) passes through among power gear (5), and the gear-box that bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on outer sleeve (2) adds In strengthening tendons (9), power handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17).

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are turned out simultaneously, and inner sleeve (1) is slowly lifted up, when inner sleeve (1) 2/3 Height when leaving outer sleeve (2), another artificial force is pulled out, and is put on wooden handcart.Take out motive bearing (16), power Gear (5) and handle (20), gear box cover (8) is covered, and will be covered with the disk on a pinnacle at the top of outer sleeve (2), prevented Rainwater, soil and debris enter in outer sleeve (2).After thering is a number of inner sleeve (1) to fill wooden handcart, field is uniformly transported to The matrix recycle bin of setting.

D. Chinese yam is won

On the ground cloth of matrix recycle bin (cloth upper berth layer of plastic film), the inner sleeve ring on inner sleeve (1) is opened Detain (14), the inner sleeve (1) on inner sleeve latch closure (14) one side is scratched with thick bamboo chip, inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) is turned on, won automatically The Chinese yam being grown in matrix, then pours out matrix, is deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth.

Chinese yam yield 5411kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 93%, harvest saving of labor 55%, Chinese yam stem tuber breakage rate 2.5%.

Embodiment 7：

The quill application method that a kind of yam cultivation uses, implement as follows：

A. the preparation and sterilization of cultivation matrix

Cultivation matrix is prepared by a certain percentage, is that Chinese yam plant strain growth builds optimum environmental condition with stem tuber high yield, Its matrix formulations (volume ratio) is：(1) leaf mould：Decomposed cow dung：Perlite：Decomposed sawdust=4.5：2.5：1：2.It is by concentration 40% or so formalin dilutes 50-100 times, matrix to be sterilized on ground that is clean, being lined with layer of plastic film Upper one layer of about l0cm of tiling is thick, and then this layer of matrix is squirted to the formalin diluted with sprayer；Then it is then covered with Two layers, then squirted with formalin, untill all matrix to be sterilized squirt formalin, finally covered with plastic sheeting After lid closing 1-2 round the clock, the matrix of sterilization is spread out, is exposed to the sun at least more than 2 days, until there is no formaldehyde odor can in matrix Use.Because formaldehyde has the strong penetrating odor of volatility when sterilizing using formaldehyde, therefore, must be noted that to carry out in operation Protection.Various matrix are stacked upon after being sufficiently mixed, stand-by with covered rearing with plastic film.

B. crop field ridging

The field planting Chinese yam of high and dry, well-drained sandy soil or the sandy loam matter of physical features is selected, carries out field ridging in advance, The ㎝ of row spacing 140, high 15 ㎝ in ridge, the ㎝ of furrow width 20 between ridge.

C. field planting cave, which is bored, digs

Kind of plant hole, which is carried out, by the ㎝ of distance between rows and hills 70, the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 25 bores digging, cave diameter 12-15 ㎝, the ㎝ of depth 100.First will kind The top layer mellow soil shovel of plant hole position to side and then carries out brill digging, and mellow soil stops up backfill again after being transplanted in order to Chinese yam.Bore and dig per ridge The parallel kind plant hole of two rows.

D. heeling-in in outer sleeve kind plant hole

Inner sleeve (1) is placed in outer sleeve (2), gear box cover (8) is covered, tries not to allow soil to fall into gear-box (7) in.Then outer sleeve (2) is imbedded in kind of plant hole, the top of inside and outside sleeve (2) is concordant with the top of kind of plant hole. Paired gear-box (7) is easy in the ranks carrying out the lifting behaviour of inner sleeve (1) in Chinese yam harvesting parallel to the direction of line-spacing Make.

E. matrix filling and young plant transplanting

The plastic sheeting being covered in matrix is opened, calcium superphosphate 50kg/667 ㎡, potassium sulfate 30kg/ are added in matrix 667 ㎡, matrix is sufficiently mixed again with spade, it is fully air-breathing.Matrix is filled into inner sleeve (1) with funnel, in distance Center position at the ㎝ of ground 10, Chinese yam young plant (Chinese yam nose) is put into, reed head has bud-end upward, and one is inserted beside young plant Individual long 25 ㎝ bamboo chip makees young plant introduction, then proceedes to filling substrate to concordant with ground, and Chinese yam young plant introduction bassets 15 ㎝ or so.

F. mellow soil stops up backfill again

After the Chinese yam on every ridge has been planted, top layer mellow soil is answered into 5 ㎝ of heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots backfill or so, forms neat ridge face, Chinese yam young plant Introduction bassets 10 ㎝ or so.

G. field management

A. intertill

Intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, while can improve ground temperature, promote Chinese yam to be unearthed.After planting to intertill 1-2 times in time, It is still to carry out 2-3 shallow intertillage after being unearthed.During intertillage, the place near apart from Chinese yam plant sleeve is shallow, and sleeve is transplanted from Chinese yam Remote place is deep, will be away from Chinese yam plant sleeve with growing up for Chinese yam, during intertillage.

B. timely built

After Chinese yam emergence, timely built, takes vertical type shelf with diameter 3-5cm bamboo bars, the high 2-2.5m of frame, frame will be surely.On ridge Every four plants tie together, and form stable stand, the position of bundle is at from ridge face 1.5-1.8m.Timely draws climing restocking, enhancing are logical Wind printing opacity, field humidity is reduced, change field microclimate.

C. science is watered

The 1st water is poured when Chinese yam vines grow to 1m or so, it is unsuitable too early this time to water, and otherwise can delay root growth, Water is preferably small, unsuitable broad irrigation.After 7-10d, the 2nd water is poured, water can be larger, and watering later can keep soil semi-wet It is advisable.After main stem grows to frame top, when plant bottom starts to produce side shoot, ground moistening is kept.

D. reasonable top dressing

The 1st top dressing typically is carried out when watering for the 2nd time or the 3rd time, every 667 ㎡ imposes urea 10kg.Opened in Chinese yam beans Beginning carries out the 2nd top dressing when expanding, and every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30kg.Grow up in Chinese yam beans, some Chinese yam beans start The 3rd top dressing is carried out when coming off, every 667 ㎡ imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg.

E. pest control treatment

Chinese yam Major Diseases are Chinese yam anthracnose and root knot nematode disease；Insect is mainly subterranean pest-insect；Such as black cutworm, crab Toad, hook wireworm.Controlling underground pest, every 667 ㎡ missible oil 200g of phoxim commercial style 40%, or the different Liu Lin commercial styles of methyl 40% missible oil 200g, be watered 750kg sprinkle pour.The preventing and treating of Chinese yam anthracnose, taking can kill in premorbid and Chinese yam growth use early stage Obtain 70%WP1000 times of liquid of 50%WP500-600 times of liquid of 77%WP or thiram or Mancozeb or iprodione 50%WP1000- 1500 times of liquid are protected；Early stage and Chinese yam Later growth WP1200 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or 70% methyl support Cloth Tianjin WP 1000 times of liquid mixed with 75% Chlorothalonil WP against cucumber mildew or 50% carbendazim WP, 500 times of liquid are used alternatingly, and can substantially control Anthracnose processed causes harm.

H. Chinese yam harvesting

A. field is cleared up

Late October to early November, it can be harvested when overground part cauline leaf is withered.Field cleaning is carried out before harvest, first Hack lever is removed, pulls out twining stem, clears up ridge face.The mellow soil shovel that every plant of ground backfills above is opened with flat hoe, then digs 20 ㎝ downwards Left and right, it will expose at the top of outer sleeve (2) and gear-box (7).

B. power gear motive bearing and the installation of power handle

The top that power gear (5) is placed in gear-box (7) by gear box cover (8) is opened, motive bearing (16) passes through gear Inner bearing external tooth race (6) passes through among power gear (5), and the gear-box that bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on outer sleeve (2) adds In strengthening tendons (9), power handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) is just embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17).

C. inner sleeve is lifted

Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are turned out simultaneously, and inner sleeve (1) is slowly lifted up, when inner sleeve (1) 2/3 Height when leaving outer sleeve (2), another artificial force is pulled out, and is put on wooden handcart.Take out motive bearing (16), power Gear (5) and handle (20), gear box cover (8) is covered, and will be covered with the disk on a pinnacle at the top of outer sleeve (2), prevented Rainwater, soil and debris enter in outer sleeve (2).After thering is a number of inner sleeve (1) to fill wooden handcart, field is uniformly transported to The matrix recycle bin of setting.

D. Chinese yam is won

On the ground cloth of matrix recycle bin (cloth upper berth layer of plastic film), the inner sleeve ring on inner sleeve (1) is opened Detain (14), the inner sleeve (1) on inner sleeve latch closure (14) one side is scratched with thick bamboo chip, inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) is turned on, won automatically The Chinese yam being grown in matrix, then pours out matrix, is deposited on the plastic sheeting on ground cloth.

Chinese yam yield 5628kg/667 ㎡, commodity rate 92%, harvest saving of labor 57%, Chinese yam stem tuber breakage rate 3%.

Claims (4)

1. the quill that a kind of yam cultivation uses, the quill includes outer sleeve (2) and inner sleeve (1), inner sleeve (1) It is provided with sleeve wall mesh (11), it is characterised in that outer sleeve (2) and inner sleeve (1) bottom are (4) and interior provided with the leakage of outer sleeve bottom (3) are leaked at sleeve bottom, and outer sleeve (2) is provided with sleeve wall mesh (11), and outer sleeve (2) both sides are provided with gear-box (7), gear-box (7) power gear (5), gear inner bearing external tooth race (6), gear-box reinforcement (9) are provided with, inner sleeve (1) is right by two The half garden piece answered is made up of inner sleeve loose-leaf (13) and inner sleeve latch closure (14)；Inner sleeve (1) is provided with inner sleeve gear bar (12), inner sleeve gear bar (12) is fixed on inner sleeve (1) by inner sleeve gear bar fixed screw (15)；Gear-box (7) Interior to be provided with gear-box reinforcement (9), gear-box reinforcement (9) is fixed on gear-box by gear-box reinforcement fixed screw (10) (7) in；The gear train that inner sleeve (1) can be risen by gear is provided with gear-box (7), gear train is by handle (20) and gear Composition, handle (20) side are provided with handlebar grip (22), and handle (20) is provided with handle external gear (21), and handle external gear (21) is embedding Enter in the bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17) in motive bearing (16), motive bearing (16) is provided with bearing rotating shaft (19) and axle External gear (18) is held, bearing external gear (18) is embedded in the gear inner bearing external tooth race (6) in power gear (5).

2. the quill used according to a kind of yam cultivation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described inner sleeve (1) A diameter of 10cm, material are PVC rigid plastics, and sleeve wall thickness is 0.3cm, and two inner sleeve gear bars (12) are fixed on correspondingly Inner sleeve (1) on, outer sleeve (2) a diameter of 12cm, material is PVC rigid plastics, and sleeve wall thickness is 0.3cm, outer sleeve (2) and inner sleeve (1) length is 100cm, and sleeve wall mesh (11) is uniformly distributed in outer sleeve (2) and inner sleeve (1) sleeve wall, Its a diameter of 1.0cm, horizontal, longitudinal pitch 2.0cm, Chinese yam root system pass through outside sleeve wall mesh (11) and outer sleeve (2) Soil contact, also there is the effect of ventilative, draining, bottom is inner sleeve bottom leakage (3), has the function that to catch cultivation matrix, Also there is ventilative, draining.

3. the quill used according to a kind of yam cultivation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described power gear (5) overall diameter is 6.0cm, interior diameter 3.0cm, and motive bearing (16) diameter 3.0cm, reinforcement (9) is the load-bearing material thickeied Material, the gravity transmitted when motive bearing (16) rotates from power gear (5), the topmost in gear-box (7), provided with tooth can be carried Case lid (8) is taken turns, when gear box cover (8) is closed, the soil outside inner sleeve (1) internal cultivation matrix and outer sleeve can be prevented Earth is spread into gear-box (7), ensures to be in clean state inside gear-box (7)；When gear box cover (8) is opened, could carry out The installation of power gear (5), motive bearing (16) and handle (20).

4. the quill used according to a kind of yam cultivation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described inner sleeve tooth Take turns the gear of bar (12) away from and long generous size and power gear (5) it is in the same size, in each power gear (5) girth Length in be uniformly distributed 8 gears, when inner sleeve (1) needs to move up and down, open gear box cover (8) by power gear (5) top of gear-box (7) is placed in, motive bearing (16) is by gear inner bearing external tooth race (6) among power gear (5) Pass through, bearing rotating shaft (19) is carried on the gear-box reinforcement (9) of outer sleeve (2), and handle (20) is inserted into bearing Internal handle External tooth race (17), handle external gear (21) just be embedded in bearing Internal handle external tooth race (17), by simultaneously inwardly or outwardly Two handlebar grips (22) in left and right are rotated, realize moving up or down for inner sleeve (1).