CN111526941A - 除烃系统 - Google Patents

除烃系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111526941A
CN111526941A CN201880084462.2A CN201880084462A CN111526941A CN 111526941 A CN111526941 A CN 111526941A CN 201880084462 A CN201880084462 A CN 201880084462A CN 111526941 A CN111526941 A CN 111526941A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
catalyst
removal system
hydrocarbons
pore size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201880084462.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
姜天龙
金昌焕
崔正珪
张恩熙
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyundai Motor Co
Korea University Research and Business Foundation
Kia Corp
Original Assignee
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
Korea University Research and Business Foundation
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hyundai Motor Co, Kia Motors Corp, Korea University Research and Business Foundation filed Critical Hyundai Motor Co
Priority claimed from PCT/KR2018/016906 external-priority patent/WO2019132612A1/ko
Publication of CN111526941A publication Critical patent/CN111526941A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

根据本发明的实施方案的除烃系统包括：第一区域，其包括具有第一孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂；和第二区域，其包括具有第二孔径的第二烃吸附催化剂，其中第一孔径小于第二孔径，第一烃吸附催化剂包括CHA沸石，并且第二烃吸附催化剂包括ZSM‑5沸石。

Description

除烃系统
技术领域
相关申请的引证
本申请要求2017年12月29日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2017-0183959号和2018年12月24日在世界知识产权组织提交的国际专利申请第PCT/KR2018/016590号的优先权和权益，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
本发明涉及使用催化剂除烃的除烃系统。
背景技术
随着人们对空气污染的关注日益增加，美国和欧洲等国家对汽车尾气(例如CO、NOx、HC(烃类)和PM(颗粒物质)排放的法规正在加强。其中，烃大部分被三效催化剂(TWC)氧化，并且三效催化剂在约200至300℃或更高的温度下被活化，因此在其中三效催化剂未被活化的冷启动部分，排放出相当于总烃排放量50％至80％的烃。为了减少烃排放，正在进行对烃吸附剂(烃捕集器)的研究。烃吸附剂是一种吸附在冷启动部分排放的烃的装置，当三效催化剂在200到300℃的温度下被活化时，烃就会解吸。
作为烃吸附剂，已经对具有高物理和化学稳定性的沸石进行了大量研究。通过测量丙烯和甲苯(它们是典型的烃排放材料)的吸附/解吸来测试烃吸附剂的性能。已经进行了根据沸石结构、Si/Al比以及是否进行金属浸渍的烃吸附剂的性能的研究。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明致力于提供一种除烃系统，其可以通过抑制具有小的碳原子数目的烃的逸出来有效地吸附烃。
技术方案
本发明的示例性实施方案提供了一种除烃系统，其包括：第一区域，包括具有第一孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂；和第二区域，包括具有第二孔径的第二烃吸附催化剂。第一孔径可以小于第二孔径，第一烃吸附催化剂可以包括CHA沸石，并且第二烃吸附催化剂可以包括ZSM-5沸石。
第一烃吸附催化剂的孔径可以是
Figure BDA0002558555040000021
至
Figure BDA0002558555040000022
第二烃吸附催化剂的孔径可以是
Figure BDA0002558555040000023
至
Figure BDA0002558555040000024
在除烃系统中的第一烃吸附催化剂和第二烃吸附催化剂的重量比可为1:9至5:5。
本发明的另一个示例性实施方案提供了一种除烃系统，其包括：具有第一孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂和具有第二孔径的第二烃吸附催化剂。可以混合第一烃吸附催化剂和第二烃吸附催化剂，第一孔径可以小于第二孔径，第一烃吸附催化剂可以包括CHA沸石，并且第二烃吸附催化剂可以包括ZSM-5沸石。
第一烃吸附催化剂的孔径可以是
Figure BDA0002558555040000031
至
Figure BDA0002558555040000032
第二烃吸附催化剂的孔径可以是
Figure BDA0002558555040000033
至
Figure BDA0002558555040000034
第一烃吸附催化剂和第二烃吸附催化剂的混合重量比可为1:9至5:5。
有益效果
如上所述，可以提供一种除烃系统，其可以通过抑制具有少量碳原子的烃的逸出来有效地吸附烃。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方案的除烃系统。
图2示出了用三效催化剂净化汽油车辆的尾气的配置。
图3示出了未被吸附在烃吸附剂中的烃的比例。
图4示意性地示出了示例性实施方案的除烃系统。
图5示出了另一示例性实施方案的除烃系统。
图6示出了吸附和解吸评价试验的试验温度，且图7示出了具体的实验条件。
图8示出了根据实验实施例1的评价结果。
图9示出了根据实验实施例2的评价结果。
具体实施方式
在下文中将参考附图更全面地描述本发明，在附图中示出了本发明的实施方案。如本领域技术人员将认识到的，可以各种不同的方式修改所描述的实施方案，而全部不脱离本发明的精神或范围。
现在将参考附图详细描述根据本发明的示例性实施方案的除烃系统。
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方案的除烃系统。参考图1，根据本示例性实施方案的除烃系统包括：第一区域A1，其包括具有第一孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂；第二区域A2，其包括具有第二孔径的第二烃吸附催化剂；并且第一孔径小于第二孔径。例如，第一烃吸附催化剂可以包括CHA沸石，并且第二烃吸附催化剂可以包括ZSM-5沸石。
现在将更详细地描述根据本实施方案的除烃系统。
图2示出了用三效催化剂净化汽油车辆的尾气的配置。参考图2，汽油车辆的废气通过三效催化剂净化，并且当催化剂的温度为400℃或更高时，该催化剂具有约100％的净化性能。然而，在紧接发动机启动之后的冷启动部分中，三效催化剂可能无法正常运行，因此尾气没有被净化并且被排放到大气中。特别地，已知在冷启动部分中排放约70％的烃。
然而，在该示例性实施方案中，由于将沸石基烃吸附剂引入到排气系统中，直到完成三效催化剂的预热操作，因此在冷启动部分中排出的烃类被烃吸附剂吸附，然后，当在三效催化剂的预热结束时从烃吸附剂中解吸烃类时，可以通过三效催化剂净化。
在此过程中，具有小的碳原子数目的烃类(C1Hx至C5Hy)未被烃吸附剂吸附，并在发动机启动的同时排放，占尾管烃排放总量的约30％(T/P HC EM)。这在图3中示出。即，具有少量碳原子的烃不被吸收而是被迅速排出，为了应对未来加强的排气法规，迫切需要提高具有少量碳原子的烃的净化性能。
因此，本发明包括将具有少量碳原子的烃的排放延迟直到在约350℃的温度下三效催化剂(TWC)的活化的时间点，此时烃可以被净化以用于纯化具有少量碳原子的烃，这些烃很难被烃吸附剂化学吸附。
即，在本发明中，通过混合并使用具有不同孔径的除烃催化剂，解决了具有少量碳原子的烃迅速地离开除烃系统而不会在其中被吸附的问题。在这种情况下，具有小孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂延迟了具有5个以下的碳原子的烃的流动，使得具有5个以下的碳原子的烃被有效地吸附。
图4示意性地示出了示例性实施方案的除烃系统。参考图4，诸如孔径狭窄的CHA的沸石捕集具有少量碳原子的烃。因此，降低了具有少量碳原子的烃，例如C2H2、C2H6、C4H8和C5H12的扩散速度。另外，在后表面上具有大孔径的诸如ZSM-5的沸石捕集长链烃(具有大量碳原子的烃)。
即，为了减少在最初的冷启动期间不被烃吸附剂吸附而排放的具有少量碳原子的烃(C1Hx至C5Hy)的排放，本发明包括具有对应于会逸出的烃的尺寸的孔径的烃吸附催化剂。因此，通过区域涂布或混合两种或多种具有不同孔的烃吸附催化剂以将它们排列成1至2层状结构并使用它们，从而延迟具有物理上少量的碳原子的烃(C1Hx至C5Hy)的扩散，可以通过用电加热催化剂(EHC)活化的三效催化剂(TWC)氧化它们来改善冷启动部分中的烃排放。
图1示出了其中第一区域和第二区域彼此分离的配置，但是参考图5，将具有第一孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂和具有第二孔径的第二烃吸附催化剂彼此混合，从而将它们均匀地布置。即使在这种情况下，如图1所示，也可以抑制具有少量碳原子的烃的扩散。在图5中，以不同的尺寸示出了具有大孔径的烃吸附催化剂和具有小孔径的烃吸附催化剂。
在本发明的除烃系统中，第一烃吸附催化剂和第二烃吸附催化剂的重量比可为1:9至5:5。即，涂覆在相同面积上的烃吸附催化剂的重量比(g/L)，即，第一烃吸附催化剂:第二烃吸附催化剂的比可为1:9至5:5，其是可以有效抑制具有少量碳原子的烃的逸出的混合比的范围。这些比例的影响将在后面通过实验实施例进行描述。
在下文中，将通过具体的实验实施例详细描述根据本发明实施方案的除烃系统。
实验实施例1：吸附和解吸性能评价
用于本发明的沸石通过在环境气氛中于550℃下煅烧NH4形式的沸石12小时来制备。在串联混合后，通过在反应管中填充60mg的粉末状H-CHA/ZSM-5沸石进行烃吸附剂的吸附/脱附评价；在将其在He气流下于600℃的温度下预处理30分钟后，然后将其在70℃的温度下在C3H6、C7H8、O2和载气Ar/He的混合气体的流下吸附5分钟；然后以53℃/min的加热速度升高温度。
图6示出了吸附和解吸评价试验的试验温度，且图7示出了具体的实验条件。
图8示出了根据本实验的评价结果。
参考图8，C3H6烃在CHA沸石中提供了更好的吸附性能。CHA沸石的孔径为
Figure BDA0002558555040000061
其小于ZSM-5沸石(直径
Figure BDA0002558555040000062
)的孔径。由于要被吸附的C3H6的分子大小为
Figure BDA0002558555040000071
其小于ZSM-5的孔径并且与CHA的孔径相似，因此可以确认CHA提供了更好的吸附性能。
相反，由于C7H8具有难以通过CHA的孔的分子大小
Figure BDA0002558555040000072
因此证实了其几乎不被CHA吸附。然而，在具有与之类似尺寸的ZSM-5中，可以看出提供了对C7H8的高吸附性能，并且解吸温度高。
实验实施例2：根据配合比例的效果
在改变吸附具有大量碳原子的烃的烃吸附剂和吸附具有少量的碳原子的烃的烃吸附剂的混合比的同时，测量烃的逸出度，这在图9中示出。参考图9，当吸附具有大量碳原子的烃的烃吸附剂:吸附具有少量碳原子的烃的烃吸附剂的的混合重量比为9:1至5:5时，可以确认获得了最高的初始烃逸出减少效果。
虽然已经结合目前被认为是实际实施方案的内容描述了本发明，但应该理解，本发明不限于所公开的实施方案，但相反，旨在涵盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种修改和等同布置。

Claims (8)

1.一种除烃系统，包括：
第一区域，其包括具有第一孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂；和
第二区域，其包括具有第二孔径的第二烃吸附催化剂，
其中所述第一孔径小于所述第二孔径，
所述第一烃吸附催化剂包括CHA沸石，和
所述第二烃吸附催化剂包括ZSM-5沸石。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除烃系统，其中
所述第一烃吸附催化剂的孔径为
Figure FDA0002558555030000011
至
Figure FDA0002558555030000012
3.根据权利要求1所述的除烃系统，其中
所述第二烃吸附催化剂的孔径为
Figure FDA0002558555030000014
至
Figure FDA0002558555030000013
4.根据权利要求1所述的除烃系统，其中
在所述除烃系统中的所述第一烃吸附催化剂和所述第二烃吸附催化剂的重量比为1:9至5:5。
5.一种除烃系统，包括：
具有第一孔径的第一烃吸附催化剂和具有第二孔径的第二烃吸附催化剂，其中所述第一烃吸附催化剂和所述第二烃吸附催化剂混合；
所述第一孔径小于所述第二孔径；
所述第一烃吸附催化剂包括CHA沸石；和
所述第二烃吸附催化剂包括ZSM-5沸石。
6.根据权利要求5所述的除烃系统，其中
所述第一烃吸附催化剂的孔径为
Figure FDA0002558555030000021
至
Figure FDA0002558555030000022
7.根据权利要求5所述的除烃系统，其中
所述第二烃吸附催化剂的孔径为
Figure FDA0002558555030000023
至
Figure FDA0002558555030000024
8.根据权利要求5所述的除烃系统，其中
所述第一烃吸附催化剂和所述第二烃吸附催化剂的混合重量比为1:9至5:5。
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