CN1115169C - 吸收性复合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及适于用在一次性的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物。吸收性复合物包括用来包含超吸收性材料的部件和由此包含部件包含的超吸收性材料。超吸收性材料的特性为:“压力吸收性指标”至少为100以及16小时可提取量小于13%(按重量计);“压力吸收性指标”至少为100以及“涡旋时间”小于约45秒;或者“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110。在此包含部件中存在的超吸收性材料的数量占包含部件和超吸收性材料总重量的约30%到约100%。
Description
适用于一次性使用的吸收性衣物(如尿布、成人失禁用的制品、以及类似物品)的吸收性复合物是公知的.例如在下述美国专利中都介绍了这样一些吸收性复合物:U.S.4,699,619(1987年10月13日授予Bernardin),U.S.4,798,603(1989年1月17日授予Meyer等人),U.S.4,147,343(1992年9月15日授予Kellen berger),以及U.S.5,149,335(1992年9月22日授予Kellenberger等人)。
一般来说这类吸收性复合物都包括一个含高吸收性材料的部件和一种高吸收性材料。适用的含高吸收性材料的部件包括纤维基质,例如由气流成网的纤维素纤维形成的基质,或由包括纤维素纤维和熔喷的聚烯烃纤维的共形成材料(coform material)形成的基质.各种各样大量的高吸收性材料(也称之为超吸收性材料)对本领域的普通技术人员来说都是公知的。例如参见下述美国专利:U.S.4,076,663(1978年2月28日授予Masuda等人),U.S.4,286,082,1981年8月25日授予Tsubakimoto等人),4,062,817(1977年12月13日授予Westerman),以及4,340,706(1982年7月20日授予Obayashi等人)。
在许多公知的包含高吸收性材料的吸收性复合物中,所用的高吸收性材料的含量相当低。即许多吸收性复合物包含的是气流成网法制的纤维素纤维,和小于20%(按重量计)的高吸收性材料。这种情况是由好几个因素引起的。
许多高吸收性材料吸收液体的速率达不到使用期间液体加至吸收性复合物的速率。因此,期望用较高含量的纤维材料暂时保持液体,直到高吸收性材料能够吸收这些液体时为止。再有,纤维的作用是将高吸收性材料的颗粒分隔开,使之不发生凝胶堵塞,凝胶堵塞指的是下面这种情况:高吸收性材料的颗粒在溶胀过程中变形,堵塞了颗粒之间、或者颗粒与纤维之间的间隙,而阻止液体流过这些间隙。
美国专利U.S.5,147,343(1992年9月15日授予Kellenberger)介绍了一种适于避免凝胶堵塞问题的吸收性复合物。美国专利U.S.5,147,343描述了一种超吸收性材料的使用情况,当此种超吸收性材料处于至少为21,000达因/cm2的约束压力下时,每克超吸收性材料至少可吸收27毫升的0.9%(按重量计)氯化钠水溶液。当该超吸收性材料取分散开的颗粒形式时,则此种材料中至少有约50%(按重量计)的粒度大于湿润时多孔纤维基质的中等大小的孔径。据报导,所述的吸收性复合物所含的超吸收性材料高达90%(按重量计)左右。
若高吸收性材料的含量较低而纤维材料的含量较高,则常会生产出较厚的吸收性复合物。在一次使用的吸收性衣物中使用较厚的吸收性复合物在某些情况下是可以接受的。但近些年来人们越来越渴望能生产出厚度比许多传统吸收性复合物薄但却具有相同吸收容量的吸收性复合物。为了想生产出较薄的吸收性复合物,已在吸收性复合物中掺入数量日益增多的高吸收性材料。这是因为此类高吸收性材料的吸收容量一般要比纤维材料的吸收容量大许多倍。例如,木浆绒纤维基质中每克木浆绒可吸收约7-9克液体(例如0.9%(按重量计)的盐水),而每克高吸收性材料则至少可吸收约1克,较好的情况下至少为约20克并且通常为至少25克的液体,如0.9%(按重量计)的盐水。
美国专利U.S.5,149,335(1992年9月22日授予Kellenberger)涉及有较高含量超吸收性材料的一种吸收性结构。具体地说,U.S.5,149,335了描述了采用具有某种吸收特性的一种超吸收性材料,以满足在较高含量下使用这种超吸收性材料的要求。确切地说,这种特性:每克所述超级吸收性材料的“负荷下5分钟的吸收性”至少为15克左右,其自由溶胀率小于60秒左右。
虽然高吸收性材料含量较高的吸收性复合物是公知的,并且在使用中一般是可以接受的,但仍日期望能较为具体地确定出高吸收性材料含量较高的吸收性复合物,和特别适合用在包括有较高含量高吸收性材料的吸收性复合物中的那些高吸收性材料。
本发明一方面涉及适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物。该吸收性复合物包括包含超吸收性材料的部件以及由所说包含部件包含的超吸收性材料。该超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且其16小时可提取量小于13%(按重量计)左右;或者其“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且“涡旋时间”小于45秒左右;或者“压力吸收性指标”至少为110。
本发明的第二方面涉及适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物。该吸收性复合物包括一种由纤维组成的基质和一种超吸收性材料。该超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”材料。该超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且16小时可提取量小于约13%(按重量计);或者其“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且“涡旋时间”小于45秒左右;或者其“压力吸收性指标”至少为110。上述混合物中存在的超吸收性材料量占所说混合物总重量的约30%至约70%(按重量计)。
本发明的第三方面涉及一次性使用的吸收性衣物。该一次性使用的吸收性衣物包括一个外覆盖层、一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层,以及一个位于所说外覆盖层和所说体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物。该吸收性复合物包括包含超吸收性材料的部件,以及由所说包含部件包含的超吸收性材料。该超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且其16小时的可提取量小于13%(按重量计);或者其“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且“涡旋时间”小于45秒左右;或者其“压力吸收性指标”至少为110。在所说包含部件中存在的超吸收性材料的数量占所说包含部件和所说超吸收性材料的总重量的约30%至100%(按重量计)。
本发明的第四方面涉及一次性使用的吸收性衣物。该一次性使用的吸收性衣物包括一个外覆盖层,一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及位于所说外覆盖层和所说体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物。该吸收性复合物包括一种由纤维和超吸收性材料组成的混合物。该超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且其16小时可提取量小于13%(按重量计);或者其“压力吸收性指标”至少为100并且“涡旋时间”小于45秒左右;或者其“压力吸收性指标”至少为110。在所说混合物中存在的超吸收性材料的数量占所说混合物总重量的约30%至约70%(按重量计)。
图1是按本发明的一次性使用的尿布的一个实施例的分解透视图;
图2是按本发明的吸收性复合物的剖面图;
图3是按本发明的一次性使用的尿布的第二实施例的平面图;
图4是沿图3的线4-4取的剖面图;
图5是表示确定超吸收性材料的“负荷下吸收性”(AUL)的设备的示意图。
本发明一方面涉及吸收性复合物和一次性使用的吸收性衣物,通过在形成这样一些吸收性复合物和一次性使用的吸收性衣物过程中仔细选择和使用超吸收性材料,使它们可以具有改进了的所希望有的特性。
具体地说,本发明一方面涉及一种吸收性复合物,它包括包含超吸收性材料的部件以及由所说包含部件包含的超吸收性材料。本发明的第二方面涉及一种吸收性复合物,它由纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物构成。这里使用的术语“超吸收性材料”指的是,在包含0.9%(按重量计)氯化钠的水溶液中,能够在最有利的条件下吸收本身重量的至少约20倍,并且最好至少约30倍液体的、水可溶胀但又不溶解于水的有机或无机材料。适于用作本发明的超吸收性材料的有机材料可包括:诸如琼脂、果胶、瓜耳树胶和类似物的天然材料,以及诸如合成的水凝胶聚合物之类的合成材料。这些水凝胶聚合物例如包括:聚丙烯酸的碱金属盐,聚丙烯酰胺,聚乙烯醇,乙烯马来酐共聚物,聚乙烯醚,羟脯氨酰基纤维素,聚乙烯吗啉;以及乙烯磺酸的聚合物及共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和它们的类似物。其它合适的聚合物包括:水解的丙烯腈接枝的淀粉,丙烯酸接技的淀粉,以及异丁烯马来酐共聚物和它的混合物。水凝胶聚合物最好是轻度交联的以便使这种材料基本上不溶于水。交联例如可通过辐照实现,或者通过共价键、离子键、范德瓦尔斯力(Vander Waals)或氢键的键合过程实现。超吸收性材料可取适于用在吸收性复合物中的任何形状,其中包括颗粒状、纤维状、片状、球状,等等。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,超吸收性材料包括水胶体颗粒,而最好是离子型水胶体颗粒。
虽然各种各样的超吸收性材料都是公知的,但本发明的一个方面涉及对超吸收性材料的恰当选择,从而才能形成改进的吸收性复合物和一次性使用的吸收性衣物。
1992年9月15日授予Kellenberger的美国专利5,147,343描述了使用这样一种超吸收性材料的重要性,这种材料可在施加约束力之下同时保持吸收液体的能力。该参考文献的权利要求书中描述的这种约束力近似为0.3磅/英寸2(约21,000达因/cm2)。
申请人发现,在包含从约30%到约100%(按重量计)的所说超吸收性材料的某些吸收性复合物内,其中的超吸收性材料的特性取决于(至少部分取决于)此超吸收性材料在各种约束力下吸收液体的能力。即申请入发现,超吸收性材料的特性不仅和这种材料在一个指定的约束力下(如约0.3磅/英寸2)吸收液体的能力相关,而且和较宽范围的约束力下(如,0.01-0.9磅/英寸2,690-62,053达因/cm2)吸收液体的能力相关。现已将超吸收性材料在各种不同的约束力下吸收液体的能力量化成“压力吸收性指标”,以便用于本申请中。
“压力吸收性指标”是在下述各负荷下决定的超吸收性材料的“负荷值下的吸收性”(下面将要描述)的和:0.01磅/英寸2(690达因/cm2)、0.29磅/英寸2(19995达因/cm2)、0.27磅/英寸2(39300达因/cm2)、以及0.90磅/英寸2(62053达因/cm2)。即,对于一个指定的超吸收性材料而言,其“在负荷值下的吸收性”是在上述各约束力下按照后面结合实例指出的方法确定的。然后对在上述负荷下确定的“在负荷值下的吸收性”求和,从而得到“压力吸收性指标”。
适于用在本发明中的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,一般至少约为105,特殊的至少约为110,较特殊的至少约为115,更特殊一些的至少约为120,最特殊的至少约为140 。
这里使用的一种特定超吸收性材料的“负荷值下的吸收性”,指的是1克这种超吸收性材料在一定的约束力下于60分钟内可吸收的氯化钠水溶液(按重量计有0.9%的氯化钠)的克数。
适于用在本发明中的超吸收性材料还可以有一个合适的16小时可提取量,该提取量小于约13%(按重量计),特殊的小于约10%(按重量计),较特殊的小于7%(按重量计),更加特殊的小于约3%(按重量计),下面将结合实例来确定该16小时可排出量。
适于用在本发明中的超吸收性材料还可以适当地具有一个“涡旋时间”,该“涡旋时间”小于约45秒,特殊的小于约30秒,较特殊的小于约20秒,更加特殊的小于约15秒,以后将结合实例确定“涡旋时间”。
申请人发现,通过选择结合有一种或多种所述特性的超吸收性材料,就可使吸收性复合物和吸收性衣物的特性得以改善。例如,使用“压力吸收性指标”约为110的超吸收性材料,就可得到一定水平的可接受的特性。另一方面,使用“压力吸收性指标”为100并且16小时可排出量小于13%(按重量计)的超级吸收性材料,也能得到可接受的特性。再有,使用“压力吸收性指标”为100并且“涡旋时间”小于约45秒的超吸收性材料,同样能获得可接受的特性。
具体地说,申请人发现,虽然“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110的超吸收性材料肯定是优选的,但具有较低的“压力吸收性指标”的超吸收性材料,只要它们的16小时可提取量小于13%(按重量计)或者它们的“涡旋时间”小于约45秒,也能良好地工作。即,快的吸收速率(“涡旋时间”)和低的可提取量这些超吸收性材料的特性可对小于110的“压力吸收性指标”进行“补偿”。
适于用在本发明中的特殊超吸收性材料的实例是可从Stockhausen购得,型号为T-5121、T-5209和T-5149的聚丙烯酸酯材料,可从Hoechst Celanese Corporation购得型号为S-271-1675-03的聚丙烯酸酯材料,以及可从Dow Chemical(USA)购得,型号为AFA35-150和AFA65-13的聚丙烯酸酯材料。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,超吸收性材料是颗粒形式,颗粒在未溶胀状态下的最大横截面直径范围为从约50微米至约1,000微米,优选的范围从约100微米至约800微米,这些范围是按照美国材料试验学会[American Society for Festing Materials,(ASTM)]的试验方法D-1921通过筛析确定的。显然,落入上述范围内的超吸收性材料的颗粒可能包括:实心颗粒、多孔颗粒,或者可能是由许多较小的颗粒聚集成上述尺寸范围内的团粒。
除了上述的超吸收性材料外,按照本发明的吸收性复合物还包括含超吸收性材料的部件。任何能包含所述超吸收性材料的部件(因此能够置于一次性的吸收性衣物中)都适于用在本发明中。许多这样的包括部件对本领域的技术人员来说都是公知的。例如,此种包含部件可能包括纤维基质,如气流法的或湿法的纤维素纤维网,合成聚合纤维的熔喷法织物,合成聚合纤维的纺粘织物,包含纤维素纤维和由合成的聚合材料所形成的纤维的共形成基质,合成的聚合材料的气流法热熔织物,开孔泡沫材料,以及类似的物品。
另外,包含部件可以包括两层材料,这两层材料结合在一起形成一个袋或室,更特殊的包括多个袋,每个袋都包含超吸收性材料。在这种情况下,至少一层材料应该是透水的.第二层材料可以是透水的或不透水的。材料层可以是和布类似的织造物和非织造物,封闭的或开孔的泡沫材料,带孔的薄膜料,弹性材料,或者可以是纤维材料网。当包含部件包括多个材料层时,该材料应有一个多孔结构,孔应是够小或足够的曲折以包含大部分超吸收性材料。该包含部件也可以是两层材料的一个叠层,而超吸收材料则位于并且包含在这两层材料之间。
再有,包含部件可以包括一个支撑结构,如一个聚合膜,超吸收性材料则固定在该支撑结构上。此超吸收性材料可以固定到能透水或不能透水的支撑结构的一侧或两侧。
包含部件中存在的超吸收性材料的数量占包含部件和超吸收性材料的总重量中按重量计的百分比范围可以是:从约30%到约100%,从约40%到约100%,从约50%到约100%,从约60%到约100%,从约70%到约100%,从约80%到约100%,从约90%到约100%。
在本发明的一个特殊实施例中,包含部件包括两层材料,它们结合在一起形成一个适于容纳超吸收性材料的袋。这两个材料层可由能够包含超吸收性材料的任何材料制成,其中包括织造材料和非织造材料,例如气流法或湿法的纤维,熔喷纤维,纺织纤维,共形成纤维,粘结纤维(如双组分纤维),以及类似物;结合两个材料层形成一个袋的途径有:热熔结合、声波结合、粘结剂(如水溶液的或水敏性粘结剂,乳胶粘结剂,热熔粘结剂,或溶剂基粘结剂)结合,以及类似的方法。显然,可以使用各种各样的材料来形成这两个材料层并将两层结合在一起形成袋。在所说袋中存在的超吸收性材料的数量占所说袋中存在的超吸收性材料和形成袋的两个材料层的总重的重量百分比范围可以分别是:从约30%到约100%,从约40%到约100%,从约50%到约100%,从约60%到约100%,从约70%到约100%,从约80%到约100%,从约90%约到100%。除了超吸收性材料外,该袋还可以包含不致影响超吸收性材料的吸收特性到不可接受程度的纤维材料或其它的填充材料。
在另一个特殊的实施例中,该包含部件包括一个基质型纤维。超吸收性材料与基质型纤维混合。在纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物中存在的超吸收性材料的数量占全部混合物的重量百分比范围为从约30%到约70%,特殊的从约40%到约70%,更加特殊的从约50%到约70%。
我们相信,任何能够形成可包含超吸收性材料的包含部件并且在与超吸收性材料组合时能够形成复合物的纤维,都适于用在本发明中。这些纤维通常最好是亲水性的。如这里所采用的,当纤维的空气中水的接触角小于90°时则认为它是“亲水性的”。出于本申请的需要,接触角的测量值是根据Good和Stromberg在“Surfaceand Colloid Science”的第II卷(Plenum出版社,1997年)中提出的方法测定的。
适于用在本发明中的纤维包括纤维素纤维,如木浆绒,棉,棉绒纤维,人造纤维,醋酸纤维素,等等,还包括合成的聚合纤维。合成的聚合纤维可以由本来就是亲水性的聚合材料形成,或者可以由本来就疏水性的聚合材料(它在空气中水的接触角大于90°)形成,然后将这些纤维处理成至少在纤维的外表面是亲水性的。例如,亲水纤维可由本来是亲水性的聚合物形成,如由尼龙(如尼龙-6)的嵌段共聚物,以及由聚环氧乙烷二胺形成。这种嵌段共聚物可从Allied-Signal Inc.其销售型号是“HYDROFIL”。另外,这些纤维还可以由本来是疏水性的聚合物形成,例如由聚烯烃或聚酯形成,将这些聚合物表面改性以得到一个一般来说是稳定的亲水表面。这种表面改性的聚乙烯可从Dow Chemical Company购到,它是一种销售型号为“ASPUN”的可吸水的聚乙烯。
在通过对普通的疏水性聚合物进行亲水性表面处理构成亲水纤维时,为了达到期望的性能标准,据认为,最好是使用普通那种长效的表面处理。在诸如尿布之类的吸收性衣物中使用的吸收性结构通常要经受尿的多次污损。如果表面处理是短效的,则第一次因污损而洗涤时就可能将其冲掉,由此会露出疏水性的纤维表面。疏水性的纤维表面可能会降低吸收结构的吸收性能。当然还存在一些情况,即部分地依据要吸收的液体来使用疏水性纤维。
适于用在本发明中的合成聚合纤维是通过一个熔化-挤压过程、形成的,在该过程中挤压聚合材料的纤维并使其变细,从而得到具有所需直径的纤维.另一方面,纤维可以通过纺织方法形成。我们相信,在本领域中技术人员公知的任何纤维生产方法都适于用在本发明中。
适于用在本发明中的合成聚合纤维是通过一个熔化一挤压过程形成的,在该过程中挤压聚合材料的纤维并使其变细,从而得到具有所需直径的纤维。另一方面,纤维可以通过纺织方法形成。我们相信,在本领域中技术人员公知的任何纤维生产方法都适于用在本发明中。
适于用在本发明中的纤维的长度一般至少约1mm。纤维的最大长度接近无限大。这就是说,纤维基本上可以是连续的,如通过熔喷方法在本领域技术人员公知的某些条件下形成的那些纤维。
所谓“混合物”是指纤维和超吸收性材料的组合物,其中的超吸收性材料或是与纤维直接接触,或者基本能无阻碍地经过迁移而与纤维接触。例如,在一种多层的吸收性芯中,其中的第一层包括木浆绒与超吸收性材料的气流成网混合物,第二层只包括气流成网的绒,只要在两层之间阻止了超吸收性材料作基本上是干性的迁移,则只把第一层看作是″混合物″。阻止这种迁移的方法都是公知的,按该方法,通过卫生纸、高密度纤维层、或类似物将这两层分隔开,就可在这两层之间阻止超吸收性材料作基本上是干性的迁移。超吸收性材料和纤维的的混合物可以是较均匀的,或者是较不均匀的。对于不均匀的混合物,可将超吸收性材料设置成有一个梯度,或者可与纤维分层。
当包含部件包括纤维与超吸收性材料的混合物时,可有许多种方法来形成这种纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物。例如,按照本技术领域中公知方法,可让纤维和超吸收性材料经气流成网或湿法成网来形成混合物,以构成该混合物的絮片。使纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物经气流成网有两种情况,一是使预成型的纤维与超级吸收性材料经气流成网,二是在通过例如熔喷方法形成纤维时使超吸收性材料与纤维混合。
因为在本发明的吸收性复合物中存在较高含量的超吸收性材料,所以本发明的吸收性复合物的平均厚度可以小于约0.5英寸(12.7mm),特殊的小于约0.3英寸(7.6mm),更加特殊的小于0.15英寸(3.8mm)。
这里所采用的所谓吸收性复合物的平均厚度,指的是在外加负荷约为0.2磅/英寸2作用下所取的多个厚度测量值的平均数。所取的厚度测量值的数目要足以代表整个吸收性复合物的平均厚度。
本发明的吸收性复合物的平均单位重量一般的从约50到约1000克/米2,特殊的从约100到约900克/米2。称出吸收性物品的重量,确定出吸收性复合物主平面表面的表面面积,再转换到标准单位,例如克/米2,由此即可得到吸收性复合物的平均单位重量。
本发明的吸收性复合物适于吸收许多种液体,其中包括体液,如尿、月经和血液,它适合于用在吸收性衣物中,如尿布、成人失禁用制品、床垫以及类似物品;它还适合于用在月经用具上,如卫生巾、止血塞以及类似物品;它还适于用在其它的吸收性制品上,如擦拭布、小孩围兜、伤口绷带与食品包装,等等。因此,本发明的另一方面涉及包括上述吸收性复合物在内的一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物。各种各样的吸收性衣物对于本领域的技术人员都是公知的。可将本发明的吸收性复合物加入到这样一些公知的吸收性衣物中。在下述参考文献中概述了典型的吸收性物品:1987年12月1日授予Boland等人的美国专利4,710,187;1988年8月9日授予Roessler等人的美国专利4,762,521;1988年9月13日授予Proxmire等人的美国专利4,770,656;1989年1月17日授予Meyer等人的美国专利4,798,603;1991年9月11日以Hanson等人的名义申请的共同转让的美国专利申请序列号07/757,760(EPO 539,703);在同一日期以Tanzer等人的名义申请的__,(代理人卷号10,312);在同一日期以Tanzer等人的名义申请的__,(代理入卷号10,727);在同一日期以Tanzer等人的名义申请的__,(代理人卷号10,902);这里引入了这些参考文献作为参考。
按惯例,本发明的一次性使用的吸收性衣物包括一个适于接触穿用者皮肤的体侧衬层,一个面对所说衬层叠置的外覆盖层,以及一层叠置在所说外覆盖层上并位于所说体侧层和外覆盖层之间的吸收性复合物,例如上述的那些吸收性复合物。
本领域的技术人员都清楚适于用作体侧衬层和外覆盖层的材料。适于用作体侧衬层的材料的实例是亲水的纺粘聚丙烯或聚乙烯,其单位重量从约15到约25克/米2,以及类似物。适于用作外覆盖层的材料的实例是不透水的材料(例如聚烯烃膜)以及透水的或透水蒸气的材料。
现在转至附图,图1表示按本发明的一个实施例的一次性使用的尿布的分解透视图。一次性尿布10包括一个外覆盖层12、一个体侧衬层14、以及一层位于体侧衬层14和外覆盖层12之间的吸收性复合物16。吸收性复合物16是一个由木浆纤维和超吸收性材料组成的气流法混合物。吸收性复合物的外面包有一个两件式的外包层,该外包层包括上外包层18和下外包层20。吸收性复合物16有一个具有一定侧形的厚度、以确定一个单位重量加大了的区域22。此两件式外包层在吸收性复合物16的边缘外伸出,以确定一个可以进行密封、防止超吸收性材料移出尿布的周边24。
腰部弹性体26、紧固带28、和腿部弹性体30固定到外覆盖层上。腿部弹性体30包括一个载片32和各个弹性条34。
体侧衬层14包括具有近边缘38和远边缘40的包片36。在包片36的两个近边缘38之间定位一个喷放控制层42。
在以前参考引用过的以Hanson等人名义于1991年9月11日申请的,序列号为07/757,760的共同转让的美国专利申请中,详细地阐述了图1所示尿布的精确构成方法和材料。在上边引用过的序列号为07/757,760的共同转让的美国专利申请中,以及在以Matthews等人名义于1992年1月17日提交的序列号为07/824,766的共同转让的美国专利申请中,都提出了对图1所示尿布的可能的改进方案。这些可能的改进包括:将喷放控制层42定位在体侧衬层14和吸收性复合物16之间,并且减小喷放控制层的长度以延长吸收性复合物的长度,或者将喷放控制层集中(减小长度并增加单位重量)在位于尿布上废液的初始积累区(目标区)。
图2表示按本发明的吸收性复合物。现在参照图2,吸收性复合物44包括一个可透过液体的第一层46、一个第二层48、以及在第一层46和第二层48之间形成的多个超吸收性材料袋50。袋50由固定部件52确定,固定部件52的作用是将第一和第二层按可操作的方式结合在一起形成一个叠层,并且当该叠层是于的时侯能保持叠层的整体性,当叠层变湿时将叠层松开。叠层一松开,就不会过份地限制在袋中存在的超吸收性材料的溶胀。合适的固定部件包括水溶性粘结剂之类对水敏感的粘结剂和凹凸轧花。固定部件52将第一层46和第二层48固定在一起,从而得到固定区54和非固定区56。非固定区56确定了袋50。超吸收性材料58位于非固定区56中(并且因此位于袋50中)。除超吸收性材料58外,袋50还可以包含纤维材料,如纤维素绒。具体而论,在一个实施例内,袋内包含的纤维素绒的重量占超吸收性材料和纤维素绒总重量的10%左右。袋50之间隔开一定距离60 。间隔60至少约为:0.15cm,0.25cm,或0.3cm。但袋间隔60不得大于约:3cm,1.9cm,或1.2cm。
图3表示插入图2的吸收性复合物的一次性婴儿尿布。图3中对尿布的一些部分进行部分地切去,以便更加清楚地表示出尿布62的结构。尿布的接触穿用者人体的那一面面向观察者。尿布62有一个裤裆区64,裤裆区64连接前腰区66和后腰区68。尿布的外边缘确定了一个周边70,其中标号72表示纵向侧边缘,标号74表示横向端边缘。在所示的实施例中,侧边缘是曲线形的,曲线的形状可确定尿布的腿部开口。图中所示的端边缘是直的,但也可以是曲线形的。尿布还有一个横向中心线76和一个纵向中心线78。尿布62包括一个可透过液体的上片80,一个基本上不透过液体的外覆盖层82,一个位于上片和外覆盖层之间的吸收性复合物44,腿部弹性件84,以及腰部弹性件86和88。可以按各种公知的尿布结构形状将上片80、外覆盖层82、吸收性复合物44、以及弹性件84,86和88装配起来。
参照图3和图4即可弄清尿布62的吸收性结构的细节。尿布62包括吸收性复合物44,它的作用是存贮和保持被吸收的液体,如尿。尿布62还可以包括一个辅助吸收层,例如外侧分布层90。分布层90适合包括一个基本上未经结合的亲水材料片,如纤维素纤维片。纤维素纤维例如可包括木浆绒、绉纹填塞物、纸巾、或类似物。分布层90另外还可由非织造物提供,非织造物包括亲水性纤维或经亲水性处理的纤维,如由聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、棉以及类似物组成的纤维。对于本来是疏水性的纤维,如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维,要用本领域中公知的方法对疏水性纤维进行亲水性处理。
尿布62还包括一个喷放控制部分92,在图中它定位在上片80的体侧表面上,或者按另一种方式定位在上片80的外侧表面上。喷放控制部分92可以是一个聚烯烃纤维的熔喷或纺粘织物层。喷放控制部分还可以是由天然的和/或合成的纤维组成的一种粘梳织物。喷放控制部分可以由基本上是疏水性的材料构成,并且最好用表面活性剂对疏水性材料进行处理,或者按其它方式进行处理,使其具有所需水平的可湿性和亲水性。
尿布62还包括外包片。在所示的结构中,外包片94沿其固定边缘(近边缘)96连接到上片层80上。每个外包片的活动边缘(远边缘)98包括一个片状弹性件100,弹性件100由一个或多个单件的弹性材料带组成。
通常将紧固部件(如带片式紧固件102)在横向加到尿布62的后腰区68的侧端,从而为将尿布按常规方式保持在穿用者身上提供了一个结构部件。体侧包片104和外侧包片106包住了外侧分布层90。这样的一些包片一般包括纤维素纤维纸,或诸如纺粘材料的非织造物层。
图2-4中描述的结构提供了一种吸收性复合物,当物品干燥时,该吸收性复合物在选定方式排列的袋中固定地设置包含有超吸收性材料。当物品变湿时,该吸收性复合物能够维持超吸收性材料的位置并可适应溶胀了的超吸收性材料的体积增大。再有,当固定部件是水敏性的时候,固定部件的水敏性可能有助于形成各个袋区之间的内部通道,便于液体流到每个袋区。因此,可以更加有效地利用包含在该吸收性复合物的各个袋区内的超吸收性材料量,而得以改善复合物的吸收特性。结果,装有这种吸收性复合物的尿布可有较薄的结构来吸收大量的液体和减少泄漏。较薄的结构又可能更加合身和舒服。
在前面引作参考的以Hanson等人名义于1991年9月11日提交的,序列号为07/757,760的共同转让的美国专利申请中,更加详细地阐述了适于构成图2-4所示尿布的材料。在下述文献中对图2-4中所示的尿布的精确构造方法和材料进行了更加详细的描述:以Tanzer等人名义在同一日期提交的序列号为------的共同转让的美国专利申请(代理人卷号10,312);以Tanzer等人的名义在同一日期提交的--------(代理人卷号9848);以Tanzer等人的名义在同一日期提交的--------(代理人卷号10,727);以及同一日期以Tanzer等人的名义提交的--------(代理人卷号10,902),在这里已引用了这些技术作为参考。试验方法 负荷下的吸收性(AUL)
确定超吸收性材料在负荷下吸收液体的能力的方法如以下所述。参照图5,采用可从M/K Systems,Danners,MA购得的类似于GATS(重量分析的吸收性测试系统)的需求型吸收性试验装置(DAT)110,DAT 110也类似于INDA Technological SymposiumProceedings(1974年3月)的第129-142页中Lichstein描述的系统。其中采用了多孔板112,多孔板112在2.5cm直径面积内有孔114,并由负荷下吸收性(AUL)设备116覆盖。用电子秤118测量进入超吸收性颗粒120内的液体流。对于这项试验使用的液体是在室温下(23C左右)包含0.9%氯化钠(按重量计)的水溶液。
用于装盛超吸收性颗粒的特定的AUL设备116包括一个筒体122,它是由1英寸(2.54cm)内径的热塑管制成,此热望管已稍作机加工以确保其同心性。用粘结剂将每平方英寸孔眼数为100的不锈钢丝布124粘结到筒体122的底部。另外,还可以把不锈钢丝布124熔接到筒体122的底部,即,在火焰上加热不锈钢丝布直到红热,而后将此筒体保持在布上直到冷却。如果没有成功或者发生破裂,则可用烙铁修整接缝。必须注意保持底部平整光滑,不能让筒体的内部变形。由1英寸直径的固体材料(如PlexiglassTM)制成4.4克重的柱塞126,将柱塞126加工成能在筒体122中紧配合,但不束缚于其中。用柱塞126提供0.01磅/英寸2的约束负荷。用重物128提供较大程度的约束负荷。如前所述,较大的约束负荷是0.29磅/英寸2、0.57磅/英寸2和0.90磅/英寸2。因此,使用100、200、和317克的重物来提供相应的约束负荷(除4.4克重的柱塞126以外)。利用重量为0.160(±0.005)克的超吸收性颗粒的样品来测试AUL。该样品是从能预筛通过美国30目的标准筛并保持在美国50目的标准筛上的预粒(300-600微米)中采取的。
在板112上放置一块3cm直径的GF/A型玻璃滤纸,旋即开始这项试验。滤纸的尺寸大于筒体122的内径并且小于筒体122的外径,以保证接触良好,并能避免在DAT110的开口114上方发生蒸发,然后能够产生饱和。在称重纸上称出颗粒120的重量,并且将颗粒120放在AUL设备116底部的钢丝布124上。摇动设备116使颗粒120在钢丝布124平整。仔细操作,保证不让任何颗粒紧贴在筒体122的壁上。在仔细放置柱塞126(但不得压紧)并且可选择地放置重物128于筒体122中的颗粒120上以后,将AUL设备116置于玻璃滤纸130上。或者直接借助于条形图记录仪人工监视拾取的液体的数量(以克为单位)随时间的变化,或者将该数量直接输入数据采集系统或个人计算机系统。
60分钟后拾取的液体量(以克为单位)除以样品的重量(0.160克)就是以每克样品拾取的液体的克数(g/g)表示的AUL值。可进行两次检查以保证最终的瞬时读数的精度。首先,柱塞126升起的高度乘以筒体122的横截面积应该等于所拾取的液体体积。其次,可称出AUL设备116在试验前后的重量,这两个重量之差应该接近等于拾取液体的重量。对一个给定样品至少进行三次试验,然后求出平均值,得到一个AUL值。16小时可提取量
使用下述试验方法来计算超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量。第一个试验方法用于羧酸基超吸收性材料。第二个试验方法用于所有其它的(非羧酸基的)超吸收性材料。值得注意的是,两种方法都能提供在指定的超吸收性材料中存在的可提取材料总量的结果。16小时可提取量指的仅是在本质上是聚合物的那些可提取物。因此,如果一种指定的超吸收性材料被认为是或已知是包含了相当多数量的非聚合物的可提取材料,那么就应该先用常规的方法从超吸收性材料中除掉这样一些非聚合的可提取材料,然后再进行下述的16小时可提取量的试验侧定。方法A(用于羧酸基超吸收性材料)
本试验中所用的试验液体是含0.9%(按重量计)氯化钠的水溶液。超吸收性材料与此种盐溶液大体上混合16小时。然后让超吸收性材料沉淀。过滤一部分盐溶液,并取一部分滤液。让滤液的PH值升高到10。然后用酸滴定滤液,使其PH值为2.7。从滴定数据可以确定含有聚合物的可提取羧酸的数量。具体的试验方法如下:
1.将75毫升(±0.1毫升)的0.9%(按重量计)氯化钠溶液加入一个一次性的烧杯中。
2.将0.4克(±0.01克)要试验的超吸收性材料加入氯化钠溶液中。该超吸收性材料如上述经过预筛,其粒度为300-600微米。
3.将混合物缓慢地放在一个平床式水平振动机(可从BaxterScientific购到,销售型号为Lab-LineR)上,并让其经受16小时摇动。
4.通过8微米的Whatman滤纸过滤超吸收性材料和氯化钠溶液的混合物。
5.将20克(±0.01克)滤液放入一个一次性使用的烧杯中。烧杯的形状要能保证PH电极充分浸入滤液中,并且滤液可被搅拌。滴定所用仪器是配有Metrohm 655 Dosimat和组合PH电极的BrinkmannMetrohm 672型滴定处理仪。对于一组终点滴定的仪器参数如下:
终点1(PH) 2.7
动态增量PH1 3.8
漂移 1.0毫伏/秒
时间(延迟)1 20秒
终点2(PH) 断
温度 25.0℃
最终体积 70.00毫升
使用PH为10、7、和3的缓冲溶液来校准PH电极。
6.使用0.1当量的氢氧化钠溶液将滤液的PH值提高到10。然后用一种标准的0.1当量盐酸溶液将该溶液回滴定到PH为2.7。
7.对20毫升的0.9%(按重量计)氯化钠溶液进行上述的滴定以便用作每次分析的空白溶剂。
其中Va=滴定滤液所需的HCl滴定剂的体积;
Vb=滴定空白溶剂所需的HCl滴定剂的体积;
N=HCl滴定剂的当量浓度;
Mw=超吸收性聚合物的克当量(对于75%的中性聚丙烯酸钠为
88.5);
75=溶液的总体积;
Ws=超吸收性聚合物的重量(0.4克):
Wf=滤液的重量(20.0克)。
可提取量百分数表示成以超吸收性材料的起始重量为基准的重量百分数。
方法B-非羧酸基超吸收性材料
非羧酸基超吸收性材料的可提取量是通过重量分析方法测定的,
WNaCl=在40毫升等分试样中存在的氯化钠重量(0.009×40);
Wp=干聚合物的重量。涡旋时间概述:
旋涡试验测量的是2克超吸收性材料闭合一种旋涡所需的以秒为单位的时间量,这种旋涡是在一个磁搅拌板上以600转/分的速率搅拌50毫升盐溶液而产生的。旋涡闭合所花的时间是超吸收性材料的自由溶胀吸收速率的指示值。设备和材料
1.烧杯,100毫升。
2.能提供600转/分的可编程磁搅拌板(例如可以从PMCIndustries购到的销售型号为DataplateRModel#721的这种搅拌板)
3.不带环的磁搅拌棒,7.9毫米×32毫米,外边覆盖有TeflonR(例如可从Baxter Diagnostics购到的、销售型号为S/PR的、带有可拆卸转环的单件式圆形搅拌棒)。
4.停表。
5.天平,精确到±0.01克。
6.盐溶液,0.87W/W%血库盐,可从Baxter Diagnostics购到(出于本申请的需要,可以认为该盐溶液等价于0.9%(按重量计)的盐溶液。
7.称重纸。
8.具有标准状态的房间:温度=23℃±1℃,相对湿度=50%±2%。其中的超吸收性材料样品在含0.9%(按重量计)氯化钠的水溶液中溶胀16小时。用重量分析方法测定滤液中的聚合物含量。具体试验方法如以下所述:
在一个500毫升的爱伦美氏烧瓶中加入称量为0.5克(±0.1毫克)的干超吸收性材料。对超吸收性材料进行如前所述的预筛,使其粒度为300-600微米。将250毫升的0.9%(按重量计)的氯化钠溶液加入烧瓶中,慢慢搅拌该混合物一个小时。一小时后搅拌停止,让混合物静置15小时。在15小时时间结束时,通过8微米的WhatmanTW滤纸过滤足够多的上清液,从而可得到至少40毫升滤液。将恰好40毫升的滤液加入一个干净的100毫升圆底烧瓶中,并且在一个旋转的蒸发器上(水吸气器抽真空,浴温度55℃)浓缩该滤液。借助于附加的蒸馏水将剩余的2-3毫升溶液定量的送到一个锥形的称重管形瓶。在一个温度为120℃的烘箱内将称重管形瓶中的溶液减少至干燥程度。将管形瓶冷却,重新称重,并且利用管形瓶的毛重来确定残留的重量Wr。计算在40毫升滤液中存在的氯化钠的百分重量(WNaC1)。按照下述方程从干的聚合物重量(Wp)和残留物重量(Wr)(已对氯化钠的重量(WNaCl)进行了校正)来计算可提取的聚合物百分重量:
其中:Wr=残留物重量;试验步骤
1.称出50克±0.01克的盐溶液放入100毫升的烧杯内。
2.将磁搅拌棒放入烧杯内。
3.将磁搅拌板编程至600转/分;
4.将烧杯放在磁搅拌板的中心,从而驱动磁搅拌棒。旋涡的底部将靠近搅拌棒的顶部。
5.在称重纸上称出2克±0.01克的要试验的超吸收性材料。
注:超吸收性材料按照采样试验(亦即如同它按前面所述加入到
吸收性复合物中时的情形)未就特定的粒度大小进行筛选,
当然,颗粒的大小对本项试验还是有影响的。
6.在搅拌盐溶液的时侯,迅速在溶液内倒入要检验的超吸收性材料并启动停表。应该将要检验的超吸收性材料加到位于旋涡中心和烧杯之间的盐溶液中。
7.在盐溶液表面变得平坦时停止停表并记下时间。
8.以秒为单位记下的时间就是“涡旋时间”。实例实例1
超吸收性材料是从下述单位购得到的:Stockhausen,Inc.,Greensboro,North Carolina;Dow Chemical Company,Midland,Michigan;以及Hoechst Celanese Corporation,Portsmouth,Virginia.所有的超吸收性材料都是以丙烯酸为基础的,并且全部是钠盐(Na盐)。在下述表1中给出了超吸收性材料的供应单位、销售型号以及超吸收性材料的一般组成:
表1样品
型号
供应单位
组分A T-5121-1 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA1-Na盐B T-5121-2 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐C T-5121-32 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐D T-5121-43 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐E T-5121-54 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐F Favor 835 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐G W45926-3 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐H T-5149 Stockhausen, Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐I T-5209 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐J AF A10-10 Dow Chemical PAA5-Na盐K AFA 5-54 Dow Chemical PVA/PAA-Na盐L AFA 5-97 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐M AFA 5-102 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐N AFA 35-150 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐0 AFA 5-31 Dow Chemical PVA/PAA-Na盐P S-271-1675-03 Hoechst Celanese 淀粉/PAA6-Na盐Q IM 3900 Hoechst Celanese 淀粉/PAA-Na盐R7 IM 3900 Hoechst Celanese8 淀粉/PAA-Na盐S P 8965 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐1PVA=交联的聚乙烯醇接枝的聚丙烯酸2也可使用SAB870,Lot#9212414 Bag#103也可使用SAB870,Lot#9212414 Bag#54也可使用SAB870,Lot#9212484 Bag#215PAA=交联的聚丙烯酸6淀粉/PAA=交联的淀粉接技的聚丙烯酸7在干燥器内于210℃下热处理30分钟8由本发明的申请人自己热处理的基本超吸收性材料的供应单位。
已使表1所示的超吸收性材料经过试验,测定了它们在各种约束负荷作用下的“负荷值下的吸收性”、它们的“压力吸收性指标”以及它们的16小时可提取量。这一试验的结果列在表2中。除非另有说明,所有的“负荷数据点下的吸收性”都表示三个试验值的平均值。所有16小时可提取量值表示一次试验值或两次试验值的平均值。
表2样品
负荷下的吸收性
0.01 0.29 0.57 0.9
磅/英寸 2 磅/英寸 2 磅/英寸 2 磅英/寸 2 PAI 1 提取量 2A 42.6 30.4 24.3 20.0 117.3 4.8B 44.4 31.6 25.0 17.1 118.4 7.0C 48.1 33.3 25.8 13.5 120.7 6.4D 46.3 33.2 26.4 15.0 120.9 6.2E 46.5 32.4 26.3 18.3 123.5 6.4F 39.9 26.3 10.8 8.3 85.3 5.1G 44.5 31.9 19.8 11.0* 107.2 6.6H 42.0 30.7 24.8 16.5** 114.0 4.9I 42.7 30.8 25.4 21.2 120.1 6.5J 43.3 28.9 12.5 6.9 91.6 2.6K 40.8 26.6 17.3 10.5 95.2 5.5L 42.7 29.7 24.8 15.8 113.0 6.5M 46.3 29.7 20.3 10.9 107.2 9.5N 40.9 29.4 25.6 20.5 116.4 3.7O 42.4 29.8 15.5 9.4 97.1 5.4P 47.3 33.0* 23.3* 11.5* 115.1 2.7Q 41.2 28.3 14.2 8.6 92.3 2.2R 38.6 28.4* 23.9 13.5 104.4 3.2S 51.4 33.9 20.4 11.5 117.2 14.7
1压力吸收性指标
216小时可提取量
*6个试验值的平均值代替3个值的平均值
**9个试验值的平均值代替3个值的平均值。
将在上述表1和表2中的一系列超吸收性材料加入一次性使用的尿布中,这些尿布一般具有如1991年9月11日以Hanson等人名义提交的序列号07/757,760的共同转让的美国专利申请所述的结构。具体地说,在使用试验中所用到的尿布,一般构型和从Kimberly-Clark Corporation购得的销售型号为HUGGIESR UItraTrimStep3的尿布相同。UItraTrim尿布包括一种由木浆纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物组成的吸收芯,外面包有一个两件式的包片。使用试验中所用的尿布与购到的UItraTrim尿布相同,只是用以上所述的超吸收性材料,并且这种超吸收性材料和木浆纤维的混合物的密度和单位重量对于不同的使用试验略有变化,而且和购得的UITratrim产品略有差别。
HUGGIESR UItraTrim Step 3尿布大体包括一个1.25密耳厚的聚乙烯膜和吸收垫组成的后片。吸收垫包括从以上所述材料中选出的从约10克到12克的超吸收性材料和从约11克到约14克的木浆纤维。将纤维和超吸收性材料安排成可提供从约475到约540克/米2的总的平均单位重量和从约0.21到约0.32克/cm3的密度。吸收垫还包括一个耐湿的纤维素织物,它被放置在木浆纤维和超吸收性材料片的周围。该耐湿织物包层的重量约2.3克,单位重量约为16-21克/米2。最终形式的吸收垫夹持在后片和上片之间,上片由纺粘的聚乙烯纤维带构成。上片材料的大小是基本上与尿布的后片共同延伸,上片由聚乙烯纤维构成,其纤维的旦尼尔范围从约2.8到约3.2旦尼尔。纤维形成了非织造纺粘织物,其单位重量约为22克/米2,密度约为0.10克/cm3 。用热熔合剂的花纹将由粘梳织物构成的喷放控制层固定到上片的体侧表面。喷放控制材料的密度约4英寸,并且沿尿布的整个长度延伸。如序列号07/757,760的美国专利申请所述,该尿布进一步还包括外包片、腿部弹性件、弹性腰带以及类似物。在使用试验中采用的喷放控制层是一种粘梳的双组分纤维的非织造织物,该织物总的单位重量约为50克/米2,总的组分密度约为0.03克/cm3。此2层式的复合物包括一个第一体侧层,它是一个15克/米2的材料层,该层由100%的聚乙烯/聚酯(PE/PET)壳一芯双组分纤维构成,纤维的旦尼龙约为1.8-3。此复合物的第二外侧层由35克/米2的材料层组成,该层为双组分纤维和单组分纤维的混合物。双组分纤维按重量计占外侧层的40%左右。具体地说,外侧层的35%(按重量计)由1.5旦尼尔的聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PE/PP)壳芯纤维组成,呈扁平式的卷曲;外侧层的5%(按重量计)由2旦尼尔的PE/PP壳芯纤维组成,呈螺旋形的卷曲。单组分纤维形成了外侧层的约60%(按重量计),并且是6旦尼尔的聚酯纤维,其构型呈扁平式的卷曲。表3中给出了在各个使用试验中所用尿布的特殊吸收芯的设计特点以及使用试验的结果。
按下述方式进行使用试验。征集100名婴儿(50名男婴、50名女婴)。给每个儿童的护理员10块尿布,每块尿布中都包含要在使用试验中评估的超吸收性材料,即,给护理员10块要在使用试验中评估的编有号码的尿布。让护理员在两天中使用10块编号的尿布并指出每块尿布是否泄漏。在评估数据时,去掉内部移动的尿布,对每个超吸收性材料的样品使用总计1,000块尿布。
对各个样品的性能评估是根据在同一使用试验中,试验尿布相对于一块控制尿布的泄漏量进行的。因为对于不同的婴儿进行的各次使用试验通常产生不同的绝对泄漏数,所以在一次指定的使用试验中,与一块控制尿布相比较的相对结果,是试验的超吸收性材料有效性的更具代表性的指示值.在使用试验之间的比较结果可能有很大的变化。每次使用试验的控制超吸收性材料是样品Q。
在下述的表3中列出了尿布泄漏试验的结果,表3的数据分为5个独立的使用试验,并且给出了总泄漏百分数(%总泄漏),总泄漏百分数是报告为泄漏的尿布的总数除以尿布的总数(通常要去掉发生了内部移动的那些尿布)。去掉产生内部移动的尿布和大于300毫升的排尿量,就可确定在0和300毫升之间的泄漏百分数(%300毫升泄漏)。为了评估尿布中的液体量,假定1毫升等于1克,通过称出所用过的尿布的重量并和对于给定尿布构型的平均尿布重量比较即可确定排尿量。用保留的尿布数去数除泄漏的保留尿布数,就可计算出报告为0-300毫升的泄漏数据。最后,对尿布进行分类:含尿量为0和90毫升之间的尿布,含尿量为91和180毫升之间的尿布,以及含尿量为181和270毫升之间的尿布。通过确定在每一类内泄漏的尿布数并且除以每一类内尿布的总数,就可计算出每一类内报告为泄漏的数据(%90毫升泄漏、%80毫升泄漏、%270毫升泄漏)。
表3尿布
超吸收 wt wt %总 %300 %90 %180 %270使用试验1
性材料
SAM 2
纤维 3
密度 4 单位重量 5
泄露
毫升泄露
毫升泄露
毫升泄露
毫升泄露1* Q 10 11.6 0.21 475 14.0 13.5 4.5 13.7 33.82 A 10 11.6 0.21 475 12.2 10.6 2.2 12.8 30.13 O 10 11.6 0.21 475 10.8 9.7 2.9 10.3 24.04 R 10 11.6 0.21 475 11.0 10.5 4.4 11.4 27.0使用试验21* Q 12 11.6 0.28 520 9.0 9.1 2.1 10.2 28.12 A 12 11.6 0.28 520 8.4 6.3 3.6 5.6 18.93 H 12 11.6 0.28 520 7.4 6.7 2.0 4.9 31.14* K 12 11.6 0.28 520 10.4 10.5 5.1 10.1 27.15 G 12 11.6 0.28 520 10.5 9.5 4.6 12.1 21.1使用试验31* Q 11 13.6 0.32 540 8.3 7.5 1.2 6.8 25.02 B 11 13.6 0.32 540 11.4 9.6 0.8 10.6 33.33 H 11 13.6 0.32 540 9.8 8.7 2.3 7.8 27.9使用试验41* Q 11 13.6 0.23 540 14.8 13.4 8.7 9.0 31.32 D 11 13.6 0.23 540 15.0 14.0 7.7 11.9 30.43 C 11 13.6 0.23 540 15.5 12.9 9.1 13.2 25.34 E 11 13.6 0.23 540 14.8 13.9 8.2 12.6 27.45 P 11 13.6 0.23 540 12.6 11.2 7.5 11.4 21.56* Q 12 11.6 0.23 520 11.4 10.3 8.0 10.8 16.27 D 12 11.6 0.23 520 15.5 14.5 7.4 9.6 35.4使用试验51* Q 12 11.6 -- 520 11.6 9.8 3.7 7.7 27.12 S 12 11.6 -- 520 11.5 10.0 1.7 9.1 33.31所用超吸收性材料,由表1选出2在吸收性复合物中使用的超吸收性材料的克数3在吸性性复合物中使用的木浆纤维克数4吸收性复合物密度,克/cm3 5吸收性复合物单位重量,克/米2*非本发明的实例
参照表3可以看出,使用试验1和2中普遍说明,本发明的吸收性复合物的性能一般好于使用本发明以外的超吸收性材料的吸收性复合物。本申请入认为,总体泄漏的百分数的性能指示值是最佳的。180毫升泄漏的百分数据信和尿布接受了尿的第二次污浸有关,因此,虽然本发明范围以外的吸收性复合物对于小于90毫升的尿量(一次污浸)可能具有良好的性能,但它们和本发明的吸收性复合物相比,处理第二次污浸的能力一般较差。
使用试验3没有表现出本发明吸收性复合物的性能和使用之间的良好相关性,申请人相信这是由于吸收性复合物的密度相当高0.32克/cm3产生的结果。类似地,使用试验4也没有表现出良好的相关性。
申请人确信,随着吸收性复合物中超吸收性材料含量的增加,使用具有这里给出的PAI值的超吸收性材料的重要性将变得更加显著.这似乎可由以下事实说明:使用试验2表现出在PAI和性能之间有相当好的相关性,并且使用试验2采用了含51%(按重量计)左右的超吸收性材料的超吸收性复合物。表现出PAI和性能之间相关性较少的那些使用试验一般都是采用了包含45-46%(按重量计)左右的超吸收性材料。实例2
超吸收性材料是从以下单位购得:Stockhausen,Inc.,Greensbor,North Carolina;Dow Chemicl,Midland,Michigan;以及Hoechst Celanese Corporation,Portsmouth,Virginia。所有这些超吸收性材料都是以丙烯酸为基础的,并且全是钠盐(Na盐)。表4中给出了超吸收性材料的供应单位、销售型号和超吸收性材料的一般组成:
表4样品
型号
供应单位
组成A1 IM39001 Hoechst Celanese 淀粉/PAA2-Na盐B13 T5209 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA4-Na盐C15 S-271-1675-03 Hoechst Celanese 淀粉/PAA-Na盐D1 AFA-5-44-1 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐E16 AFA-10-10 Dow Chemical PAA7-Na盐F1 Favor 8708 Stockhausen,Inc. PVA/PAA-Na盐G1. AFA-65-13 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐H1 AFA-65-7-1 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐I1 AFA-65-7-2 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐J1 AFA-5-105-1 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐K1 AFA-5-105-2 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐L1 AFA-65-9 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐M1 AFA-5-9-2 Dow Chemical PAA-Na盐1与表1中的样品Q的批号不同2淀粉/PAA=交联的淀粉接枝的聚丙烯酸3与表1中样品I相同4PVA/PAA=交联的聚乙烯醇接枝的聚丙烯酸5与表1中的样品P相同8与表1中的样品J相同7PAA=交联的聚丙烯酸8批号9212416
表4中所述的超吸收性材料已进行过试验,测定了它们在不同约束负荷下的“负荷值下的吸收性”、它们的“压力吸收性指标”以及它们的“涡旋时间”。这一试验结果列于表5中。除非另有说明,所有的“负荷数据点下的吸收性”都表示3个或4个试验值的平均值。
表5样品
负荷下的吸收性
0.01 0.29 0.57 0.9
磅/英寸2 磅/英寸2 磅/英寸2 磅/英寸2 PAI1 涡旋时间2A1 41.2 28.3 12.0 7.4 88.9 71B1 42.7 30.8 25.4 21.2 120.1 61C1 47.3 33.0* 23.3* 11.5* 115.1 60D1 32.4 27.0 20.1 12.4 91.9 136E1 43.3 28.9 12.5 6.9 91.6 14F1 48.6 32.4 26.2 21.0 128.2 60G1 42.9 28.5 23.9 18.8 114.1 126H1 44.1 27.7 22.6 14.3 108.7 106I1 48.5 29.0 20.2 11.7 109.4 92J1 47.4 27.6 22.9 12.3 110.2 12K1 44.6 27.7 21.2 14.1 107.6 30L1 47.7 25.7 11.7 7.5 91.6 23M1 44.5 27.6 20.1 12.8 105 121压力吸收性指标2以秒为单位的“涡旋时间”36个试验值的平均值,代替3个值的平均值
表4和表5中所述的超吸收性材料加入到一次性尿布中,该尿布的结构一般为以Tanzer等人名义在同一日期提交的序列号为一一的共同转让的美国专利申请所术的结构(代理人卷号10,312)。具体地说,在使用试验中所用的尿布具有如下的结构。
该尿布又和可购到的HUGGIESR UltraTrim Step 3尿布大致相同,只是用下述的保持部分代替了在UltraTrim Step 3尿布中使用的吸收垫。
该保持部分包括一个吸收叠层和一个分布层。该分布层由安排成T形垫的木浆纤维组成,T形垫的尺寸大致与UltraTrim Step 3尿布的吸收垫(绒毛和超吸收性材料)相同,并且平均单位重量为300克/米2。60%(按重量计)的木浆纤维定位在分布层的前半部(纵向的),将分布层压实,使基平均密度为0.2克/cm3(在负荷为0.2磅/英寸2时取的数据)。分布层的总长度是375mm。在分布层的外围包有一层单位重量约为17克/米2的纤维素织物。
吸收叠层放在分布层的上部(靠近穿用者的身体)。吸收性叠层包括一个140mm宽的下纤维素织物层,其单位重量为17克/米2。将9克超吸收性材料和0.5克木浆纤维经气流法形成到该下织物层上,并使其成为如图2和图3所示的具有一定图案的区域。每个袋都有圆的边缘,其长度约为25mm,其宽度约为12mm。由图2和图3可以看出,大多数袋的长度(较长的尺寸)对应于产品的机器方向。紧紧相邻的两个袋的圆弧端沿产品的机器方向间隔开的距离为6-7mm。这些袋沿产品的横向(垂直于机器方向的方向)间隔开的距离约为6-7mm。包含有这些袋的图案区域的总长度是280mm。如图3所示,该图案区域在距分布层前边缘约25mm的位置开始朝向尿布的前部定位。140mm宽的纤维素上织物层的单位重量为21克/米2,在该上织物层上喷涂均匀盘曲的Cycloflex 70-3998热熔粘结剂(可以NatiomalStarch and Chemcical Co.,of Bridgewater,New Jersey购到),使其单位重量约为15克/米2,并将该上织物层粘结到下纤维素织物层上。保持部分的总长度是395mm。
最终形成的保持部分夹持在由1.25密耳的聚乙烯膜组成的后片(与实例1中使用的薄膜相同)和由亲水性聚丙烯纤维粘纺织物组成的上片之间。上片材料的尺寸基本上随尿布后片一起延伸,组成上片的聚丙烯纤维的纤维旦尼尔范围约为2.9-3.3旦尼尔。这样的纤维形成一种非纺织造的纺粘织物,其单位重量约为22克/米2。用热熔结构粘结剂的花纹将由粘梳织物组成的喷放控制层固定到上片的体侧表面上。该喷放控制材料与实例1中所用的相同,其宽度约为102mm,并且沿尿布的整个长度延伸。该尿布还包括外包片、腿部弹性件、弹性腰带、以及类似物,和序列号为07/757,760美国专利申请中的相同。
对具有上述结构并且使用了表4和表5中所述相同的使用试验。在下面的表6中给出了尿布泄漏试验的结果。表6中的数据分成三个独立的使用试验组。表6中的数据和表3中的数据类型相同、标题相同、含义相同。
表6尿布 超吸收 % % % % %
性材料 1 总 300毫升 90毫升 180毫升 270毫升
泄漏
泄漏
泄漏
泄漏
泄漏 使用试验61* A1 13.1 11.9 3.6 13.8 30.02 B1 6.8 5.5 3.3 2.8 18.23 C1 6.8 5.5 2.1 5.4 17.54* D1 12.9 9.9 3.9 12.9 21.75* E1 10.5 9.0 2.5 9.2 25.8使用试验71 F1 9.2 7.6 1.0 7.1 25.92 G1 9.2 8.4 -2.9 6.9 24.53 H1 9.3 7.8 1.0 5.0 30.94 I1 8.2 7.6 1.6 8.6 24.15 J1 7.9 6.6 0.4 7.1 19.26 K1 9.9 7.8 0.0 8.1 23.67* L1 10.6 8.9 0.7 10.1 26.0使用试验81 G1 6.9 6.4 1.7 5.6 20.82 H1 6.6 6.3 1.6 8.2 15.13 I1 19.9 9.6 3.8 12.4 19.24 J1 7.2 6.9 1.4 9.6 16.35 K1 8.1 7.7 1.0 8.9 25.36* L1 10.4 9.6 1.6 11.4 32.57 M1 9.2 7.8 1.6 11.4 18.2
1从表4中选出的超吸收性材料
*非本发明的实例
参照表6可以看出,使用试验6,7和8中的本发明的吸收性复合物的性能,一般都优于使用本发明以外的超吸收性材料的吸收性复合物。具体地说,使用试验6中的1,4,和5号尿布表现出的总泄漏百分数、300毫升泄漏百分数以及180毫升泄漏百分数都是最高的,申请人认为上述这些数值是能最好地指示性能。类似地,使用试验7中的第7号尿布以及使用试验8中的第6号尿布表现出的总泄漏百分数、300毫升泄漏百分数、以及180毫升泄漏百分数也都是最高的或几乎最高的。
使用试验7和8证实,具有一定范围的“压力吸收性指标”和“涡旋时间”的超吸收性材料一般都适用于本发明。再有,将使用试验7中的第4号和第5号尿布进行比较,就能说明“涡旋时间”的重要性。具体地说,这些尿布中所用的超吸收性材料一般具有相同的“压力吸收性指标”(109.4和110.2)。但在使用试验7中的第4号尿布里和在使用试验8中的第3号尿布里,所用的超吸收材料的“涡旋时间”为92秒。在使用试验7中的第5号尿布里以及在使用试验8中的第4号尿布中,所用的超吸收性材料的“涡旋时间”为12秒。参照表6可以看出,使用具有较小“涡旋时间”的超吸收性材料的尿布的性能一般优于使用较大“涡旋时间”的超吸收性材料的尿布。
比较使用试验7中的第3和第5号尿布,类似地表明“涡旋时间”的重要性。比较使用试验8中的第2和第4号尿布,则既不支持也不抵触“涡旋时间”是超吸收性材料的重要牲这一说法。
考虑到本说明书或这里公开的本发明的实践,本发明其它实施例对于本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。我们的意图是,本说明书和实例仅被认为是典型的例证,本发明的真正范围和精神只由下述权利要求表示。
Claims (78)
1.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说吸收性合物包括:
用来包含超吸收性材料的部件;以及
由所说包含部件包含的这种超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,16小时可提取量约小于13%(按重量计),在所说包含部件中存在的上述超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总量的约40%到约100%(按重量计)。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总量的约50%到约100%(按重量计)。
4.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总量的约60%到约100%(按重量计)。
5.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总量的约70%到约100%(按重量计)。
6.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总量的约80%到约100%(按重量计)。
7.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总量的约90%到约100%(按重量计)。
8.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为105 。
9.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110。
10.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为120 。
11.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为140 。
12.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约10%(按重量计)。
13.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约7%(按重量计)。
14.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约3%(按重量计)。
15.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于所说的包含部件包括一种纤维基质。
16.如权利要求15所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的纤维基质包括指亲水性纤维。
17.如权利要求16所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的亲水性纤维是纤维素纤维。
18.如权利要求1所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的包含部件包括两层材料,此丙层材料中至少一层是透水的,并且所说的超吸收性材料定位在所说两层材料之间。
19.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说吸收性复合物包括纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物,此混合物包括的超吸收性材料占该混合物总重的约30%到约70%(按重量计),此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,16小时可提取量小于约13%(按重量计)。
20.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说混合物包括的超吸收性材料占所说混合物总量的约50%到约70%(按重量计)。
21.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为105。
22.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为110。
23.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为120。
24.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为140。
25.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约10%(按重量计)。
26.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约7%(按重量计)。
27.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约3%(按重量计)。
28.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的纤维是亲水性纤维。
29.如权利要求19所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的亲水性纤维是纤维素纤维。
30.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说吸收性复合物包括:
两层材料,它们结合起来形成适于包含超吸收性材料的袋,这两层材料中至少有一层是透水的;以及
包含在上述袋中的超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸附性指标”至少100,其16小时可提取量小于约13%(按重量计),在上述袋中存在的前述超吸收性材料的数量占该丙层材料和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
31.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说的袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总重量的约50%到约100%(按重量计)。
32.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总重的约60%到约100%(按重量计)。
33.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为105。
34.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为110。
35.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为120。
36.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为140。
37.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约10%(按重量计)。
38.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约7%(按重量计)。
39.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的16小时可提取量小于约3%(按重量计)。
40.如权利要求30所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的透水层是由亲水性纤维构成的。
41.如权利要求40所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的亲水性纤维是纤维素纤维。
42.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说吸收性复合物包括:
用于包含一种超吸收性材料的部件;以及
由所说包含部件包含的这种超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,且其“涡旋时间”小于约45秒,在该包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占该包含部件和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)
43.如权利要求42所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收材料总量的约50%到约100%(按重量计)。
44.如权利要求42所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说的包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占此包含部件和超吸收性材料总重量的约70%到约100%(按重量计)。
45.如权利要求42所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110。
46.如权利要求42所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为140。
47.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物其特征在于,此吸收性复合物包括一种纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物,此种混合物包含的超吸收性材料占该混合物总重的约30%到约70%(按重量计),而这种超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,其“涡旋时间”小于约45秒。
48.如权利要求47所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说混合物包含的超吸收性材料占此混合物总量的约50%到约70%(按重量计)。
49.如权利要求47所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110。
50.如权利要求47所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为140。
51.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物,其特征在于此种吸收性复合物包括:
两层材料,它们结合起来形成适于容纳超吸收性材料的袋,这两层材料中至少有一层有一层是透水的:以及
包含在所说袋中的这种吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收收性指标”至少为100,其“涡旋时间”小于约45秒,在上述袋中存在的这种超吸性材料的数量占该两层材料和超吸收材料总重量的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
52.如权利要求51所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总量的约50%到约100%(按重量计)。
53.如权利要求52所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总重的约70%到约100%。(按重量计)。
54.如权利要求52所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于所说超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110 。
55.如权利要求52所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在所说超吸收材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为140。
56.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合,,其特征在于,这种吸收性复合物包括:
用于包含超吸收性材料的部件;以及
由此包含部件包含的超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110,在此包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占该包含部件和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
57.如权利要求56所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占该包含部件和超吸收性材料总重的约50%到约100%(按重量计)。
58.如权利要求56所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说包含部件中存在的达种超吸收性材料的数量占所说包含部件和所说超吸收性材料总重的约70%到约100%(按重量计)。
59.如权利要求56所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为120。
60.如权利要求56所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为140。
61.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,此吸收性复合物包括纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物其特征在于,吸收性复合物包括纤维和超吸收性材料的一种混合物,此种混合物包含的超吸收性材料占所说混合物总重的约30%到约70%(按重量计),而此种超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110。
62.如权利要求61所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说混合物包含的超吸收性材料占此混合物总重的约50%到约70%(按重量计)。
63.如权利要求61所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为120。
64.如权利要求61所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为140。
65.一种适于用在一次性使用的吸收性衣物中的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,此种吸收性复合物包括:
两层材料,它们结合起来形成适于包含超吸收性材料的袋,而这两层材料中至少有一层是透水的;以及
包含在所说袋中的超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110,在此袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占该两层材料和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
66.如权利要求65所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,在所说袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总重的约50%到约100%(按重量计)。
67.如权利要求65所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总重的约70%到约100%(按重量计)。
68.如权利要求65所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为120。
69.如权利要求65所述的吸收性复合物,其特征在于,所说的超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为140。
70.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此吸收性复合物包括:
用于包含超吸收性材料的部件;以及
由所说包含部件包含的超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为100,其16小时可提取量小于约13%(按重量计),而在上述包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占该包含部件和超吸收性材料总量的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
71.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此吸收性复合物包括:
用于包含一种超吸收性材料的部件;以及
由所说包含部件包含的这种超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,其“涡旋时间”小于约45秒,而在上述包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占该包含部件和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
72.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此吸收性复合物包括:
用于包含一种超吸收性材料的部件;以及
由所说包含部件包含的这种超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为110,而在上述包含部件中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占该包含部件和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
73.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此种吸收性复合物包括纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物,而此混合物包括的超吸收性材料占该混合物总重的约30%到约70%(按重量计),上述超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,其16小时可提取量小于约13%(按重量计)。
74.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此种吸收性复合物包括纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物,而此混合物包括的超吸收性材料占该混合物总重的约30%到约70%(按重量计),且此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,其“涡旋时间”小于约45秒。
75.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此种吸收性复合物包括纤维和超吸收性材料的混合物,而此混合物包括的超吸收性材料占该混合物总重的约30%到约70%(按重量计),且此种超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110。
76.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此种吸收性复合物包括:
两个材料层,它们结合在起形成适于包含超吸收性材料的袋,这两层中至少有一层是透水的;以及
包含在上述袋中的这种超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,并且其16小时可提取量小于13%(按重量计),在此袋中存在的上述超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料的总重量的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
77.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此种吸收性复合物包括:
两个材料层,它们结合在一起形成适于包含超吸收性材料的袋,这两层材料中至少有一层是透水的;以及
包含在上述袋中的这种超吸收性材料,此种超吸收材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少为100,并且其“涡旋时间”小于约45秒,在所说袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总量的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
78.一种一次性使用的吸收性衣物,所说衣物包括:
一个外覆盖层;
一个叠置在所说外覆盖层上的体侧衬层;以及
一种定位在所说外覆盖层和体侧衬层之间的吸收性复合物,此种吸收性复合物包括:
两个材料层,它们结合在一起形成适于包含超吸收性材料的袋,这两层材料至少有一层是透水的;以及
包含在上述袋中的这种超吸收性材料,此超吸收性材料的“压力吸收性指标”至少约为110,而在该袋中存在的这种超吸收性材料的数量占前述两层材料和超吸收性材料总重的约30%到约100%(按重量计)。
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US5425725A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-06-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article which includes superabsorbent material and hydrophilic fibers located in discrete pockets |
US5520673A (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1996-05-28 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article incorporating high porosity tissue with superabsorbent containment capabilities |
-
1994
- 1994-02-02 CA CA002114815A patent/CA2114815C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-02 MX MX9400856A patent/MX213505B/es active IP Right Grant
- 1994-02-21 JP JP6021713A patent/JPH06254118A/ja active Pending
- 1994-02-23 AU AU56327/94A patent/AU5632794A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-02-23 EG EG11194A patent/EG20459A/xx active
- 1994-02-23 CN CN94102130A patent/CN1115169C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-23 BR BR9400651A patent/BR9400651A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-23 TW TW86219335U patent/TW355359U/zh unknown
- 1994-02-23 KR KR1019940003183A patent/KR100312393B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-24 EP EP94102838A patent/EP0615736B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1994-02-24 ES ES94102838T patent/ES2144464T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-24 EP EP99202846A patent/EP0962206A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-02-24 DE DE69424212T patent/DE69424212T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1994-02-24 PL PL94302369A patent/PL174397B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-03-25 US US08/621,390 patent/US5601542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-20 US US08/773,716 patent/US6646179B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-28 HK HK98115896A patent/HK1014492A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5147343A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1992-09-15 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent products containing hydrogels with ability to swell against pressure |
US5147343B1 (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1998-03-17 | Kimberly Clark Co | Absorbent products containing hydrogels with ability to swell against pressure |
US5149335A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1992-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EG20459A (en) | 1999-04-29 |
EP0962206A3 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
AU5632794A (en) | 1994-09-01 |
EP0615736B1 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
CN1095622A (zh) | 1994-11-30 |
BR9400651A (pt) | 1994-09-27 |
JPH06254118A (ja) | 1994-09-13 |
CA2114815A1 (en) | 1994-08-25 |
KR100312393B1 (ko) | 2002-07-08 |
US5601542A (en) | 1997-02-11 |
TW355359U (en) | 1999-04-01 |
DE69424212T2 (de) | 2000-10-12 |
ES2144464T3 (es) | 2000-06-16 |
CA2114815C (en) | 2005-06-14 |
US6646179B1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
MX213505B (zh) | 2003-04-03 |
PL174397B1 (pl) | 1998-07-31 |
KR940019319A (ko) | 1994-09-14 |
DE69424212D1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
EP0615736A1 (en) | 1994-09-21 |
PL302369A1 (en) | 1994-09-05 |
HK1014492A1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
EP0962206A2 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
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