CN1170513C - 吸收制品用非均匀激增液体缓冲控制材料 - Google Patents
吸收制品用非均匀激增液体缓冲控制材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种个人护理制品用激增液体缓冲控制材料,它包含一种层合结构,由至少一个面朝穿戴者的渗透率较高的层与至少一个渗透率较低的层组成,其中所述结构的毛细张力为约1~5cm,且从上层到底层的毛细张力差值至少约1cm。该激增液体缓冲控制材料应包含渗透率至少是1000达西的高渗透率层和渗透率小于1000达西的低渗透率层。该激增液体缓冲控制材料还应包含渗透率比低渗透率层高出至少250达西的所述高渗透率层。这样一种层合结构应具有的第一次污染排液的流出量数值占以20ml/s提供的100ml污染排液中的最多30ml。这样的激增液体缓冲控制材料可用于个人护理制品,如尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤、成人失禁用品、妇女卫生用品等。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及吸收制品,特别是用于诸如用即弃尿布、失禁护垫、幼儿护理训练裤或卫生巾之类个人护理制品的吸收结构体。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种吸收制品,其具有设计有以下功能的部分:迅速吸收反复出现的液体激增,暂时控制液体并随后释放给制品的其余部分。
发明背景
个人护理制品是一类吸收制品,包括尿布、训练裤、妇女卫生用品如卫生巾,以及失禁用具等。这类制品旨在用来吸收和保持身体排出物,一般为一次性使用或用即弃,即,在使用了一段较短的时间之后--通常为数小时--便丢掉,并不准备洗涤和再用。此类制品通常紧挨或靠近穿戴者的身体放置,以吸收并保持从身体排出的各种流出物。所有此类典型制品都包括可透液的体侧衬里或面料、不透液的外包覆层或背面层以及布置在体侧衬里与外包覆层之间的吸收结构。吸收结构可包括紧邻体侧衬里并与之处于液体联通接触的激增液体缓冲控制层(surge layer)以及吸收芯,后者通常由纤维素浆粕短绒纤维与吸收性凝胶颗粒的共混物或混合物构成,它紧挨在激增液体缓冲控制层并与之处于液体联通接触。
希望个人护理吸收制品表现出低的从制品的泄漏,使穿戴者有干爽感觉。据发现,排尿可以高达15~20毫升每秒的速率和以高达280厘米每秒的速度发生,而且,吸收服,如尿布,可能因出现从腿部或前后腰区域的泄漏而失去作用。吸收制品若不能迅速吸入液体还可造成这样的情况:在吸收结构尚未来得及将液体吸入之前体侧衬里面向身体的表面上积聚了过多的液体。此种积聚的液体会弄湿穿戴者的皮肤,还会顺着吸收制品的腿口和腰口泄漏,从而导致不适、潜在的皮肤健康问题和弄脏穿戴者的外衣或被褥。
泄漏和积液可由各种各样在制品设计或制品内各个材料的性能上的缺陷造成。导致此类问题的一个原因是,液体被吸入到起吸收并保持身体排出物作用的吸收芯内的速率不足。因此,一个给定吸收制品,特别是吸收制品中使用的体侧衬里和激增液体缓冲控制材料(surgematerials)的液体吸入,必须力图满足或超过预计输送到吸收制品的液体提供速率。吸入速率不足给承受第二、第三或第四次液体激增的制品性能所带来的负面影响尤其严重。另外,多次污染排液均贮存在目标部位,并导致潮湿、沉重的持液材料结构的塌陷和下沉,从而造成湿制品的不合身,此时便会出现泄漏。
已采取了各种各样的措施来减少或消除个人护理吸收制品的泄漏。例如,物理阻挡物,如弹性腿部开口和弹性封边,已被附加到此种吸收制品中。对典型的出现液流激增液体的吸收结构区域(有时称之为目标区)内的吸收材料数量和配置也做了改进。
其他旨在改进吸收制品总吸液能力的措施,集中在体侧衬里及其让液体迅速透入到吸收制品的吸收结构中去的能力上。非织造布材料,包括粘合梳理纤网及纺粘纤网,已被广泛用作体侧衬里。此种非织造布材料通常做成足够稀松和/或多孔以便让液体迅速通过,同时还起到保持使穿戴者皮肤与该衬里下面被打湿的吸收剂隔开的作用。还包括改进衬里材料吸液能力的努力,例如,在衬里材料上开孔,用表面活性剂处理构成衬里材料的纤维以提高衬里的可湿性,以及改变此种表面活性剂的耐久性。
另一项措施是引入一个或多个附加的材料层,典型地位于吸收芯与体侧衬里之间,以提高吸收制品的吸液性能并在吸收芯与紧贴穿戴者皮肤的体侧衬里之间提供隔离。一种此类附加层通常被称之为激增液体缓冲控制层,以采用厚而膨松的非织造布材料制作是合适的。激增液体缓冲控制层,特别是高膨松、高容积的耐压纤维结构,为尚未吸入到吸收芯中去的液体提供暂时保持或吸收的功能,它倾向于减少流体从吸收芯向衬里的倒流或反向浸湿。
尽管已做了这些改进,但是仍需要在吸收制品中使用的衬里材料吸液性能方面做进一步的改进。特别是,需要这样一种衬里材料,它能迅速吸入并随后控制污染排液(insult)向下层的散布过程。这样的改进处理对于狭窄的裆部吸收制品式样是至关重要的,因为它在目标区利用较少的持液贮存材料,并包括一种可将流体转移到较远部位去贮存的分配功能,以便缓解制品合身的问题,起到减少泄漏的作用。本发明提供一种非均匀激增液体缓冲控制材料,当用在吸收制品中时,可提供上述在吸液和控制的扩散方面的改善。
发明概述
本发明的目的是通过一种个人护理制品用激增液体缓冲控制材料达到的,它是一种层合结构,由至少一个渗透率较高的层与至少一个渗透率较低的层组成,其中该结构的毛细张力为约1~5cm且从顶面(穿戴者一侧)到底面的差值至少约1cm。此种层合结构第一次污染排液流出量值应占以20ml/s提供的100ml污染排液中的最多30ml。此种激增液体缓冲控制材料可用于诸如尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤、成人失禁用品、妇女卫生用品之类个人护理制品中,并应具有小于3cm的厚度。本发明的激增液体缓冲控制材料尤其适合用于窄裆(最宽7.6cm)尿布。
附图简述
附图是一种MIST(多次污染排液试验)评价试验用的支架的侧视图。
定义
“用即弃”涵盖通常仅一次使用后便可丢弃,并不准备洗涤和再用。
“前面”和“后面”,在本文通篇被用来指相对于服装本身的关系,而不是指当服装穿在穿戴者身上时所取的位置。
“亲水”描写被接触到纤维的液体润湿的纤维或纤维表面。而材料的润湿度则又可以用所涉及的液体与材料之间的接触角和表面张力来描述。适合测量特定纤维材料的可湿性的设备及技术可由Cahn SFA-222表面力分析仪系统或基本相当的系统来提供。当采用这种系统测量时,接触角小于90°的纤维谓之“可湿”或亲水的,而接触角等于或大于90°的纤维则谓之“不可湿”或疏水的。
“向内”或“向外”是指相当于吸收性穿戴物的中心的位置,具体地说,指沿横向或纵向靠近或远离吸收性穿戴物的纵向及横向中心。
“层”,当用单数时,可具有单个元件或多个元件这双重涵义。
“液体”是指非气态物质和/或能流动并可呈现被倒入或置于其中的容器的内部形状的物质。
“液体联通”是指,诸如尿液之类的液体能够从一个部位移动到另一个部位。
“纵向”和“横向”的意义具有其惯用的涵义。纵轴位于制品被放在平面上并完全展开时的平面内,并且大致平行于当制品被穿在身上时将站立的穿戴者中分为左半边和右半边的垂直平面。横轴位于大致垂直于纵轴制品的平面内。
“颗粒”是指任何例如但不限于,球形颗粒、圆柱纤维或线料之类的几何形式。
“喷洒”及其各种变换说法涵盖借助于施加来自外加的空气或其他气体的压力、重力或离心力通过小孔或喷嘴等强制喷出液体,既可呈诸如螺旋丝状的液流,也可呈粉化颗粒状,喷洒,可以是连续的或非连续的。
“纺粘纤维”是指一种小直径纤维,它借助将熔融热塑性材料从纺丝板的许多细小、通常为圆形的毛细纺丝孔中挤出而成形为长丝,随后挤出的长丝(单丝)的直径被迅速拉细,拉细的方法例如公开在授予Appel等人的美国专利4,340,563及授予Dorschner等人的美国专利3,692,618、授予Matsuki等人的美国专利3,802,817、授予Kinney的美国专利3,338,992及3,341,394、授予Hartman的美国专利3,502,763以及授予Dobo等人的美国专利3,542,615中。纺粘纤维在沉积到凝聚表面上时通常不发粘。纺粘纤维通常为连续的,其平均直径(由至少10个试样测得)大于7微米,更具体地说在约10~20微米范围。这种纤维还可以具有诸如授予Hogle等人的美国专利5,277,976、授予Hills的美国专利5,466,410以及授予Largman等人的美国专利5,069,970和5,057,368中所描述的形状,这些文献描述了非传统形状的纤维。
“熔喷纤维”是指按如下方法制成的纤维:将熔融热塑性材料通过许多细小、通常为圆形的压出板毛细纺丝孔以熔融纤维或长丝形式挤出到会聚的高速的通常是热的气体(如空气)流中,气流将熔融热塑性材料长丝的单丝直径拉细,可达微米级直径。而后,熔喷纤维由高速气流夹带并沉积在凝聚面上,成形为无规散布的熔喷纤维的纤网。此种方法公开在,例如美国专利3,849,241中。熔喷纤维是微(米)纤维,可以是连续或不连续的,平均直径一般小于10微米,沉积到收集表面上时通常是发粘的。
本文所使用的术语“共成形”是指一种方法,其中有至少一个熔喷纺丝头布置在料斗旁,在成形期间,还有其他材料通过该料斗被加入到纤网中。所述其他材料例如可以是浆粕、超吸收剂颗粒、纤维素或短纤维。共成形方法可见诸于共同转让的授予Lau的美国专利4,818,464及授予Anderson等人的美国专利4,100,324。采用共成形方法生产的纤网通常称之为共成形材料。
“共轭纤维”是指一种纤维,其成形方法为:由至少两种聚合物源从分开的挤出机挤出但合在一起纺丝,形成一根纤维。共轭纤维有时也称作多组分或双组分纤维。各聚合物通常彼此不相同,虽然共轭纤维也可以是单组分纤维。各聚合物排列在共轭纤维断面上位置基本固定的、界限鲜明的区域内,并沿共轭纤维的全长连续地延伸。此类共轭纤维的构型,例如可以是皮芯排列的,其中一种聚合物被另一种聚合物包围着,或可以是并列排列的、扇形排列的或海/岛排列的。共轭纤维公开在授予Kaneko等人的美国专利5,108,820、授予Strack等人的美国专利5,336,552以及授予Pike等人的美国专利5,382,400中。对于双组分纤维,聚合物可以75/25、50/50、25/75或任何其它希望的比例存在。该纤维还可具有诸如授予Hogle等人的美国专利5,277,976及授予Largman等人的美国专利5,069,970及5,057,368中所描述的形状,这些专利描述了非传统形状的纤维并全文收作本文的参考。
“双成分纤维”是指由至少两种聚合物经同一挤出机以共混物形式挤出成形的纤维。术语“共混物”的定义见下文。双成分纤维的各种组分不排列在纤维断面上位置相对固定的区域内,该各种聚合物沿纤维的全长通常是不连续的,而通常是形成随机开始和结束的微纤或原纤。双成分纤维有时也称作多成分纤维。这一大类纤维在例如授予Gessner的美国专利5,108,827中有所讨论。有关双组分和双成分纤维的讨论还可见诸于教科书《聚合物共混物及复合物》,John A.Mnson及Leslie H.Sperling著,版权1976 Plenum出版社,Plenum出版公司(纽约)的一个分部,IBSN 0-306-30831-2,273~277页。
“粘合梳理纤网”是指这样制成的纤网:将短纤维送过精梳机或梳理机,将短纤维分梳或松开并使之沿机器方向排列,从而形成大致沿机器方向取向的纤维的非织造纤网。此种纤维通常以成包的形式购入,并被放入开松/混合机或清棉机中将纤维分开,然后再送入梳理机。纤网成形之后,随即采用几种已知粘合方法中的一种或多种予以粘合。此类粘合方法中的一种是粉末粘合,其中粉末状粘合剂被分散到整个纤网中,随后予以活化,通常采用以热空气加热纤网和粘合剂的办法实现。另一种合适的粘合方法是花纹粘合,其中采用加热的热轧辊或超声粘合设备将纤维粘合在一起,通常是沿着一定的区域化粘合花纹进行,虽然希望的话,纤网也可以沿着其整个表面都进行粘合。另一种合适且众所周知的粘合方法,特别是当使用双组分短纤维时,是穿透空气粘合。
“气流成网”是借以成形纤维非织造层的熟知方法。在气流成网中,典型长度在约3~约19mm的短小纤维的束在空气流中分扩散来并夹带于其中,随即沉积到成形网上,通常在真空源的辅助之下。然后,无规分布的纤维在例如热空气或喷洒粘合剂的作用下彼此粘合在一起。
“个人护理制品”是指尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤、成人失禁用品以及妇女卫生用品。
测试方法
多次排液污染试验(MIST评价):在该试验中,由两种或更多种材料组成的织物、材料或结构被置于一个聚丙烯酸支架上,以模拟诸如婴儿的使用者身体曲线。该支架如图1所示。该支架具有从附图所在版面朝里去的宽度33cm,且各端均已加上塞子,高度为19cm,上面二臂的内侧距离是30.5cm,上面二臂之间的交角是60°。支架在沿支架全长方向最低点处有一个6.5mm宽从版面朝里去的狭口。
待试验的材料被放在与试样相同尺寸的一片聚乙烯薄膜上,并一起放在支架上。100ml 8.5克氯化钠每升的盐水溶液以20cc/s的流率污染被测试样,其中喷嘴垂直于材料的中心并在与材料相距1/4英寸(6.4mm)的上方。记录流淌出来的量。将材料立刻从支架上取下,称重并放在密度为0.2g/cc、水平放置的干燥40/60浆粕/超吸收剂垫上,在0.01psi压力作用下,和在经过5、15和30min后称重,以确定从材料上解吸到超吸收剂垫的流体量以及保持在该材料中的流体量。该试验中使用的浆粕短绒和超吸收剂是Kimberly-Clark公司(达拉斯,德克萨斯)CR-2054浆粕和Stockhausen公司(Greensboro,NC 27406)的FAVOR870超吸收剂,不过,其他相当的浆粕和超吸收剂也可使用,条件是:它们能制成500gsm(克/米2)和0.2g/cc的解吸垫,该垫当在自由润胀条件下放在盐水中浸泡5min之后,再沿垫子的厚度方向经受约0.5psi(约3.45kPa)空气压差的作用,例如对其抽吸,5min之后,仍能保持至少20克的盐水溶液每克解吸垫。倘若试样是由其他成分构成的(例如是层合物),则应将各成分或层分开并分别称重以确定液体在各层之间的分配,在各自称重之后再重新装配起来,并放回到短绒/超吸收剂上。重复进行该试验,每次污染均使用新解吸垫,如此,在1.5h内总共引入3次污染,每次之间间隔30min,其间测定流体分配情况。建议,每种样品材料做5次试验。
渗透率:渗透率(k)可根据Kozeny-Carman方程算出。这是一种普遍采用的方法。参考文献包括R.W.Hoyland及R.Field的文章,期刊《纸技术及工业》,1976年12月,291~299页;以及F.A.L.Dullien,《多孔介质的流体传输及孔结构》,1979,学术出版公司,ISBN 0-12-223650-5。
要计算的变量
公式
单位
其中
di=组分i的直径(微米)
ρi=组分i的密度(g/cm3)
xi=组分i在纤网中的质量分数
BW=单位面积试样重量(g/m2)
t=在0.05psi(23.9达因/cm2)或2.39帕(牛顿/m2)荷载下试样厚度(mm)。
渗透率计算实例
对于包含57%南方针叶木浆、40%超吸收剂及3%粘合纤维,且单位重量为617.58g/m2,在0.05psi下松厚度5.97mm的结构,进行了如下范例的渗透率计算。
组分性质如下(注意,形状是近似的)
组分
形状
直径di(微米)
密度ρi,(g/cm 3 )
质量分数xi
南方针叶木 圆柱 13.3 1.55 0.57
超吸收剂 球形 1125 1.50 0.40
粘合剂 圆柱 17.5 0.925 0.03
ρ平均(g/cm3)=0.1034
ε=0.9309
Sv(cm2/g)=1194
ρ纤网(g/cm3)=1.496
S0(cm-1)=Svρ纤网
S0(cm-1)=1194×1.496
S0(cm-1)=1786
K=10.94
k=491达西
材料的卡规(厚度):材料的卡规是厚度的度量,在0.05psi下用Starret型膨松度测试仪进行测定,单位是mm。
密度:材料的密度是以每平方米的克数(gsm)为单位的试样单位面积重量除以在68.9帕下试样以毫米(mm)为单位的膨松度,得到的结果再乘上0.001,就换算为每立方厘米的克数(g/cc)表示的数值。总共测定3个样品,然后取平均,求得密度数值。
吸收结构的芯吸时间及垂直液体流率:约2英寸(5cm)×15英寸(38cm)材料的条形试样,垂直放置,以使试验开始时试验条垂直置于贮液器上方,试验条的下端恰好接触到液体的表面。所使用的液体是8.5g/l的盐水溶液。评估期间,相对湿度应保持在约90~约98%。试验条被置于已知重量和体积的液体上方,当试验条底边缘刚一触及到溶液表面,便启动停表。
记录在不同时间液体前沿在试验条上向上移动的垂直距离以及试验条所吸收的液体重量。用时间对液体前沿高度作图,以确定在约5cm和在约15cm处的芯吸时间。根据这些数据,还可计算出从评估开始到约5cm和到约15cm高度时试验条所吸收的液体重量。在特定高度处试验条垂直液体流率数值的计算方法是,逐一用试验条的单位重量(gsm),液体到达特定高度所需时间,min,以及试验条的宽度,英寸,去除试验条吸收的液体克数。不包含超吸收剂的材料(例如,激增液体缓冲控制材料)的毛细张力是简单地用30min后8.5g/l盐水溶液的平衡垂直芯吸高度来度量的。
详细描述
个人护理制品的传统吸收体系可概括为具有激增液体控制及持液(保持)或SC功能。
激增液体缓冲控制材料,即SC中的S,的作用是,用以迅速接受到来的污染排液,或者吸收、保持、转移或用其他方式控制住液体,不使其泄漏到制品外边。该激增液体缓冲控制层也可称之为吸入层、转移层、输运层等等。典型的激增液体缓冲控制材料,必须能够应付,例如婴儿,每次以大约5~20cc/s的体积流率排出的约60~100cc涌来的污染排液。
保持或持液材料,即SC中的C,必须迅速而有效地吸收污染排液。它们应能够从分配层吸入液体,并且在吸液过程中不发生明显的“凝胶阻液”或由于吸收剂外层的膨胀而阻止液体向吸收剂内部的进一步渗透。持液材料通常包含高速率超吸收剂材料,如聚丙烯酸酯超吸收剂与短绒的共混物。这类材料能够迅速吸入和保持液体。
上面已经提到,起激增液体控制和持液功能的传统吸收体系通常将绝大部分出现的污染排液保持在目标区,也就是裆部。这导致带有裆部的个人护理制品往往做得相当宽。各种市售尿布的持液能力和持液部位的例子载于美国专利申请号08/755,136的表3中,该申请与本申请同一天提交并转让给同一受让人,题为“具有可控储液布局的吸收制品”。
与传统吸收体系不同,专利申请“具有可控储液布局的吸收制品”提供一种吸收体系,它包括的组分经过了设计和安排,并组装在一起,能够在每次污染排液后的一定时间内使液体分布到吸收体系的规定区域,即远离目标区。当采用随意地分为5个区域的吸收体系时,此种吸收体系具有,位于中心目标区的一般在裆部内的流体充数与两端区域中每一区内的流体克数之间的“充满度比”,其在3次相隔30min的污染排液量100ml之后小于5∶1。优选该充满度比小于3∶1,最优选小于2.5∶1。许多目前市售供应的尿布的充满度比为20∶1,50∶1,或甚至更大,就是说,它们将大部分污染排液保持在裆部。
除了传统吸收体系中的激增液体缓冲控制及持液材料之外,最近的工作还引入了夹在S与C层之间的另一种层。这种新的层是一种分配层,从而生产出一种具有激增液体缓冲控制、分配和持液作用的,即“SDC”体系。
分配材料,即SDC中的“D”,必须能够将最初沉积点的流体转移到希望贮存的部位。分配,必须以可接受的速率完成,以便使目标污染排液区,通常即裆部,为下一次污染排液做好准备。所谓“为下一次做好准备”是指,已有足够数量的液体被转移出目标区,以致下一次污染排液仍将造成可接受体积范围内的吸收和外流。两次污染排液之间的时间可从只有数分钟到数小时,通常根据穿戴者的年龄决定。
吸收制品,例如尿布,通常还具有贴着穿戴者身体的衬里以及在最外层的背面层。吸收制品还可包含其他层,例如专利申请号08/754,414中所描述的多功能层,该申请与本申请同一天提交并转让给同一受让人,题为“多功能吸收剂材料及由其制成的制品”。吸收制品中的持液材料还可分成区以提供特定的储液格局并将目标区的液体转移到远距离的贮存区,正如与本申请同一天提交、转让给同一受让人、题为“具有可控储液布局的吸收制品”的专利申请号08/755,136中所描述的。虽然看上去显而易见,但是仍应当指出,为了能够有效地发挥作用,个人护理制品吸收体系中使用的材料与材料之间必须有充分的接触,以便在它们间转移液体。
衬里有时被称之为体侧衬里或面料,它紧靠激增液体缓冲控制材料。沿制品的厚度方向,衬里材料是挨着穿戴者皮肤的那一层,因此是首先与液体或来自穿戴者的其他排出液相接触的层。衬里还起着将穿戴者的皮肤与吸收结构中保持的液体彼此隔开的作用,因此应当伏贴柔顺、手感柔软且无刺激作用。
有各种各样的材料可用来构成本发明的体侧衬里,包括开孔塑料薄膜、机织布、非织造纤网、多孔泡沫塑料、网状泡沫塑料等。已发现,非织造布材料特别适合用来制作体侧衬里,包括聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺(或其他类似的成纤聚合物)长丝的纺粘或熔喷纤网,或者天然聚合物(如人造丝或棉纤维)和/或合成聚合物(如聚丙烯或聚酯)纤维的粘合梳理纤网。例如,体侧衬里可以是合成聚丙烯长丝的非织造纺粘纤网,长丝的平均纤维纤度(根据至少10个试样)为约12~约48微米,更具体地说在约18~约43微米之间。非织造纤网的单位重量,例如为约10.0克每平方米(gsm)~约68.0gsm,更具体地说,为约14.0gsm~约42.0gsm,膨松度或厚度为约0.13mm~约1.0mm,更具体地说,为约0.18mm~约0.55mm,密度为约0.025克每立方厘米(g/cc)~约0.12g/cc,更具体地说,为约0.068g/cc~约0.083g/cc。另外,此种非织造纤网的渗透率可为约150达西~约5000达西。非织造纤网可用选择用量的表面活性剂进行表面处理,例如用约0.28%Triton X-102表面活性剂,或者接受其他方式的加工,以获得要求水平的可湿性和亲水性。若使用表面活性剂,它可以是内添加剂,或者通过任何传统手段,如喷洒、印刷、浸渍、刷涂之类的方法施加到纤网上去。
在最典型的情况下,激增液体缓冲控制层置于体侧衬里和诸如分配或持液层之类的另一层之间并与这二者密切接触和彼此处于液体联通。激增液体缓冲控制层一般地直接在体侧衬里内(不外露)表面的下面。为了进一步提高液体转移能力,希望将激增液体缓冲控制层的上和/或下表面分别附着在衬里和分配层上。可使用合适的传统附着技术,包括但不限于,粘合剂粘合(用水基、溶剂基及热活化的粘合剂)、热粘合、超声粘合、针刺及戳孔,乃至以上方法的组合或其他合适的附着方法。在激增液体缓冲控制层,例如是用粘合剂粘合到体侧衬里上的情况下,粘合剂的施加量应足以提供要求的粘合牢度,而又不过分限制液体从衬里向激增液体缓冲控制层的流动。下面,将更详细地讨论本发明的激增液体缓冲控制层。
如同在前面提到的同一受让人的专利申请“多功能吸收剂材料及由其制成的制品”中所述,使用多功能材料,旨在对激增液体缓冲控制材料起辅助作用,这些作用包括:1)在强制流动,即在实际污染排液期间,接受部分体积的污染排液,2)在污染排液后,使激增液体缓冲控制材料的液体解吸,3)让部分体积的污染排液经由本身(多功能材料)通过,进入到分配材料,以及4)永久地吸收一部分液态污染排液。若使用此种多功能材料,则该多功能材料及激增液体缓冲控制材料应按照前面提到的同一受让人的专利申请“多功能吸收剂材料及由其制成的制品”所述的那样设计成一起发挥作用的。多功能材料的基本结构是一种独特的共混物,由超吸收剂材料、高膨松湿回弹性浆粕以及诸如聚烯烃粘合剂纤维之类的结构稳定成分组成。该多功能材料的渗透率为约100~10000达西,毛细张力为约2~15cm,流出比,在整个使用期限内小于25ml每100ml污染排液。多功能材料的“使用期限”考虑为3次污染排液,每次100ml,间隔30min。为了到达所要求的毛细张力和渗透率,优选的是,多功能材料包含30~75wt%低速超吸收剂、25~70wt%浆粕以及正量~最高约10%数量的粘合剂成分。该材料的密度应为约0.05~0.5g/cc。材料的单位重量将随制品的用途而有所不同,但一般应在约200~700gsm范围。多功能材料优选地位于激增液体缓冲控制与分配层之间。
分配层必须能够将流体从初始沉积点转移到所希望的贮存点。分配,必须以可接受的速率完成,以便使目标污染排液区,通常即裆部,为下一次污染排液做好准备。两次污染排液之间的时间可从只有数分钟列数小时,通常根据穿戴者的年龄决定。为了到达这种输运功能,分配层必须具有高毛细张力数值。分配材料中的毛细张力是根据“垂直液体流率试验”,简单地测定8.5g/ml盐水溶液的平衡垂直芯吸来度量的,不是采用针对包含超吸收剂的材料所给出的试验方法。成功的分配层必须具有比相邻层(朝穿戴者这一侧)大的毛细张力,并优选具有至少约15cm的毛细张力。由于通常在毛细张力与渗透率之间存在相反的关系,如此高的毛细张力表明,分配层通常具有低渗透率。
希望合适的分配材料所具备的另一项液体输运性质是,它在约15cm高度时应表现出的垂直液体流率的合适值是至少约0.002克液体每分钟每平方米(gsm)分配材料每英寸分配层断面宽度,g/(min*gsm*inch),最高值为约0.1g/(min*gsm*inch)。本文所使用的术语--分配材料的“垂直液体流率”数值是用来代表,每分钟每标准化量的分配材料越过某一与中心污染排液区相距规定的垂直高度的界面所输运的液体量。分配材料在约15cm高度的条件下的垂直液体流率可根据本文所描述的试验方法测定。
希望分配材料具有的另一项液体输运性质是,它在约5cm高度条件下表现出的垂直液体流率,以至少约0.01g/(min*gsm*inch)为宜,最高约0.5g/(min*gsm*inch)。一种吸收结构在高度约5cm条件下的垂直液体流率,可根据本文所描述的试验方法测定。
可用以构成分配层的材料包括织造布、非织造纤网。例如,分配层可以是由聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺(或其他成纤聚合物)长丝的熔喷或纺粘纤网构成的非织造布层。此种非织造布层可包括短纤维或其他长度的共轭、双成分及均聚物纤维,或者此类纤维与其他类型纤维的混合物。分配层还可以是天然和/或合成纤维,或者二者的组合构成的粘合梳理纤网以及空气铺网纤网或湿法成网浆粕结构。分配层的单位重量可为35~300gsm,或者更优选地,80~200gsm,其密度为约0.1~0.5g/cc,渗透率为约50~1000达西。
典型的持液材料是纤维素材料或超吸收剂或者其混合物。此类材料通常旨在用来迅速吸收液体并保持液体,通常不将液体释放出去。超吸收剂可从许多制造商购得,包括陶氏化学公司,Midland,MI以及Stockhausen公司,Greensboro,NC。正如在前面提到并属于同一受让人的、题为“具有可控储液布局的吸收制品”的专利申请中所述的,持液材料可分成区,通过对其组成的选择,可将液体从目标区转移到较远的贮存部位。这样一种设计能更有效地利用整个吸收制品,且在例如尿布的情况下,有助于允许生产出更窄裆部的制品,这里所谓“窄裆”是指宽度最大7.6cm的尿布。采用“具有可控储液布局的吸收制品”说明书所建议的储液布局和材料,可使目标区内的液体重量,不足较远的贮存部位中的5倍,这是对先有技术设计的一项重大改进。
背面层有时也叫做外包覆层,是离穿戴者最远的一层。典型的外包覆层由热塑性薄膜构成,如聚乙烯薄膜,基本上不透液。外包覆层的功能是防止包含在吸收结构中的身体流出物打湿或弄脏穿戴者的衣服、被褥或其他与尿布接触的材料。外包覆层例如可以是初始厚度为约0.5密耳(0.012mm)~约5.0密耳(0.12mm)的聚乙烯薄膜。此种聚合物薄膜外包覆层可以经过压花和/或无光整理以提供美学上更令人愉快的外观。用于外包覆层的其他替代结构包括经制作或处理以赋予要求水平的不透液性质的织造布或非织造纤网,或者是织造布或非织造纤网与热塑性薄膜形成的层合物。外包覆层还可任选地由蒸汽或气体可透性微孔“透气性”材料构成,它对蒸汽或气体为可透的,然而对液体则基本上为不可透过的。赋予聚合物薄膜以透气性的方法,例如有,在薄膜聚合物配方中加入填料,将填料/聚合物配制物挤出为薄膜,然后对薄膜施以足够的拉伸以致在填料颗粒周围形成孔隙,从而制成透气性薄膜。一般而言,填料用量越多,拉伸程度越大,则透气程度就越大。背面层还可起机械加固件的配合件的作用,例如在非织造布作为该外表面时。
关于激增液体缓冲控制材料,各种各样的织造布及非织造纤网均可用来构成激增液体缓冲控制层。例如,激增液体缓冲控制层可以是由聚烯烃长丝的熔喷或纺粘纤网组成的非织造布层。此种非织造布层可包含短纤维或其他长度的共轭、双成分及均聚物纤维,或者此类纤维与其他类型纤维的混合物。激增液体缓冲控制层还可以是天然和/或合成纤维构成的粘合梳理纤网以及气流成网纤网或或穿透空气粘合的梳理纤网。粘合梳理纤网结构,例如是粉末粘合梳理纤网、红外粘合梳理纤网或穿透空气粘合梳理纤网。该粘合的梳理纤网还可任选地包括不同纤维的共混物或混合物,且纤维长度,在选择的纤网中还可在约3mm到约60mm之间变化。以往的激增液体缓冲控制层的单位重量至少约0.50盎司每平方码(约17克每平方米),68.9帕下的密度至少约0.010g/cm3,68.9帕下的膨松度至少约1.0mm,膨松度回复至少约75%,渗透率约500~约5000达西,以及单位孔隙体积表面面积至少约20cm2/cm3。激增液体缓冲控制材料的例子可见诸于授予Ellis等人的美国专利5,490,846及授予Latimer的美国专利5,364,382。均匀的激增液体缓冲控制材料公开在与本申请同一天提交并转让给同一受让人、题为“吸收制品用高效激增液体缓冲控制材料”的专利申请号08755,514中。激增液体缓冲控制层可由基本为疏水的材料构成,疏水材料可任选地用表面活性剂处理或其他方法加工,以获得要求程度的可湿性及亲水性。激增液体缓冲控制层可具有大致均匀的厚度和断面面积。
激增液体缓冲控制材料必须以排放污染排液的速率吸入排出液体的全部体积,方可避免上表面积液或流出,还必须将一旦吸入到材料结构内的液体保持住,以防止流出。传统的激增液体缓冲控制材料是低密度、高渗透率和低毛细张力的结构体,它有利于吸入并分散,尤其是在污染排液期间。但是,如此高渗透率、低毛细张力的结构对液体施加的控制力度很低,因此,逐渐扩散的液体能够迅速达到激增液体缓冲控制材料的周边并流出。这是在个人护理制品裆部区域发生泄漏的一个根源,因为在这一部位制品的宽度一般小于制品的长度,同时也是窄裆(小于7.6cm)个人护理制品特别关注的问题。
如果激增液体缓冲控制材料的孔隙体积维持一定,窄裆激增液体缓冲控制材料的厚度必须大于宽裆的式样,或者必须在制品长度方向上提供更多的激增液体缓冲控制材料。而除非额外增加的孔隙体积在溢出之前已充满了液体,否则附加的厚度和/或长度将没有好处。要使得较厚的激增液体缓冲控制材料在污染排液期间充满到较高的高度,就需要较低的渗透率,而要控制液体,就需要较高的毛细张力,这样,才能既将液体保持在结构中,又能够芯吸液体以便使沿制品长度的更多孔隙体积可得到利用。较低的渗透率起着增加液体高度和减缓平面扩散的速度,防止其到达材料的边缘的作用,同时,较高的毛细张力起着将液体保持在材料中,以便在充满期间和充满以后液体均不会从边缘跑出来的作用。
低渗透率、高毛细张力激增液体缓冲控制材料的优点展示在题为“吸收制品用高效激增液体缓冲控制材料”的专利申请中。但是,随着渗透率的降低,表面积液或液体从材料上表面流出的倾向就增加了,尤其是在高污染排液流率时,或者当污染排液沿锐角冲击激增液体缓冲控制材料表面时,限制了激增液体缓冲控制结构的液体渗透。这种效应与使用者的习惯及使用条件密切有关。据发现,一种沿z-方向具有递减渗透率梯度的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中也同时可赋予毛细张力梯度,将提供改善的吸入和控制性能,尤其是对窄裆制品在高流率和大体积污染排液条件下,在许多使用条件方面均有改善。
本发明的激增液体缓冲控制材料旨在用来解决吸液及扩散控制等多方面的关键问题。
液体的吸入是重要的,因为据发现,排尿可以高达15~20ml/s的体积流率和高达280cm/s的速度发生。若不能迅速将此液体吸入,便会造成从腿部或前后腰区域泄漏。吸收制品若不能迅速吸液,还可导致液体在被吸收结构吸收之前在体侧衬里面朝身体的表面上的过量积聚。此种积液会弄湿穿戴者的皮肤,从吸收制品的腿口和腰口泄漏,从而导致不适、潜在的皮肤健康问题,乃至弄脏穿戴者的外衣和被褥。
来自污染排液的液体有控制地扩散是重要的,尤其是在窄裆吸收制品中,因为它可增加激增液体缓冲控制层下面一层与到来的污染排液的接触面积。接触面积越大,便可使所有下面各层的物质得到更充分的利用。
本发明的吸入及控制的扩散目的是通过采用一种激增液体缓冲控制材料达到的,该材料具有沿z方向的渗透率梯度与z方向毛细现象程度递增的结合。更具体地说,本发明的激增液体缓冲控制材料在材料面朝穿戴者的一侧具有较高的渗透率,而在离开穿戴者并朝向以下各层的一侧则具有较低的渗透率。更进一步具体地说,本发明的激增液体缓冲控制层在面朝穿戴者的一侧具有大于1000达西的渗透率,而在离开穿戴者的一侧具有小于1000达西的渗透率。再进一步具体地说,本发明的激增液体缓冲控制层应在其上述层之间具有至少约250达西,特别是至少500达西的渗透率差值。
除了对本发明激增液体缓冲控制材料在渗透率方面的要求之外,此种激增液体缓冲控制材料还必须具有沿z方向的毛细张力梯度,其中激增液体缓冲控制材料在材料面朝穿戴者一侧具有较低的毛细张力,而在离开穿戴者并面朝下面各层的一侧具有较高的毛细张力。更具体地说,本发明的激增液体缓冲控制材料具有1~5cm的毛细张力,而从顶层到底层的差值至少约1cm。
成品激增液体缓冲控制材料的确切渗透率将取决于吸收制品的宽度以及激增液体缓冲控制材料层的厚度。例如,随着激增液体缓冲控制材料的高渗透率上层的厚度的减少,下层的渗透率也必须减少。随着激增液体缓冲控制材料的总宽度的减少,下层激增液体缓冲控制层的渗透率也必须减少。例如,若激增液体缓冲控制材料的宽度是7.6cm且上层的渗透率是1000达西,其厚度是1.1cm,则下层的厚度和渗透率就应分别为1.1cm和980达西。若激增液体材料的宽度减少到5.1cm,同时上层渗透率和厚度不变,则底层的厚度和渗透率应分别为4cm和74达西。若激增液体缓冲控制材料的宽度是7.6cm且上层渗透率是2000达西,且其厚度是0.77cm,则下层的厚度和渗透率应分别为1.4cm和590达西。
激增液体缓冲控制材料的各层还可以是取向的,取向按分别沿纵方向(MD)或横向(CD)的拉伸试验确定。各层可按至少3∶1或更高的MD∶CD取向。此种激增液体材料在实例6中给出。
上及下层激增液体缓冲控制层的渗透率和厚度可通过选择适当的纤维纤度和纤网密度的组合来控制。而且,构成激增液体缓冲控制层的材料可经过选择以保证在多次污染排液期间目标渗透率水平一直得到维持。另外,虽然为了讨论起来方便,一直把激增液体缓冲控制材料作为具有2层的,实际上,该激增液体材料可具有任意的层数,只要整个层合结构的渗透率和毛细张力在本发明权利要求的范围之内即可。
按照Mist评价试验对多种激增液体缓冲控制层做了试验以测定流出量。实例1~6中激增液体缓冲控制材料的宽度是5.1cm,长度是17.4cm,结果获得约100cc的可利用孔隙体积。污染排液是室温下以20ml/s的速率提供的,总量为100ml8.5g/l的盐水溶液。数据载于表中,其中密度(Den.)的单位是g/cc;试样中的层数在“层数”一列给出;渗透率(Perm.)的单位是达西;毛细张力(C.T.是根据平衡垂直芯吸值给出的,单位是cm;试样总厚度(Thick.)的单位是cm;每次污染排液之后的流出量(1st R等等)是按ml给出的,每次污染排液之后的流体保持量(1st F等等),在右边的3列中给出,单位是克。注意,实例4和5是多层激增液体缓冲控制材料,正如渗透率和毛细张力列表明的,其中的数据是对每一组分层而言的。
在下面的实例中,计算所使用的组分性质如下:
大致形状 | 旦 | 密度(g/cc) | 直径(μm) | |
1.5旦人造丝1.8旦BASF PE/PET3旦BASF PE/PET10旦BASF PE/PET | 圆柱圆柱圆柱圆柱 | 1.51.8310 | 1.5501.1651.1651.165 | 11.7014.7819.0934.85 |
聚合物 | 密度(g/cc) |
PETPE人造丝 | 1.380.951.55 |
注意,旦数与直径之间的关系如下:
直径(微米)=(旦数/π×纤维密度×9×105)1/2×104。
对于本发明的激增液体缓冲控制材料,第一次污染排液的流出量数值应小于或等于以20ml/s的速率排出的100ml中的30ml,而其余2次每次应小于或等于30ml。在最优选的实施方案中,所有3次污染排液均具有流出量数值等于或小于25ml。
实例1~4中所描述的材料是穿透空气粘合梳理纤网结构,在双40英寸(102cm)梳理机中试生产线上生产的。该粘合梳理纤网结构是按照大约100gsm的单位重量制造的。实例1~4的试样长度和宽度尺寸分别为6英寸(15cm)×2英寸(5.1cm)。多层100gsm的材料按照表中所示叠合,结果获得如表中所示的要求厚度。制备好的试样包含约150cc按长乘宽乘厚算出的总体积。然而,试验配置导致在15.2cm长度中不到10.2cm为可达及和可用于污染排液,结果约有100cc可达及孔隙体积。经验表明,MIST试验支架中的试样利用了污染排液点两侧各约2英寸的长度,或总共4英寸(10.2cm),而不是整个试样长度,从而导致计算出的孔隙体积是100cc。
实例1
实例1是穿透空气粘合梳理纤网,包含90wt%1.8旦1.5英寸(3.8cm)共轭皮/芯-聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PE/PET)纤维和10wt%1.5旦1.5英寸人造丝纤维。PE/PET纤维可从BASF纤维公司,6805 MorrisonBoulevard,Charlotte,NC 28211-3577购得,它是带有主要成分为聚乙二醇的油剂C S-2的共轭皮/芯-聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PE/PET)纤维。人造丝纤维是1.5旦Merge(合股)18453根纤维,供应商:Courtaulds纤维公司,Axis,Alabama。
实例2
实例2是穿透空气粘合梳理纤网,包含90wt%3.0旦1.5英寸共轭皮/芯-聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PE/PET)纤维和10wt%1.5旦1.5英寸人造丝纤维。PE/PET纤维可从BASF纤维公司,6805 MorrisonBoulevard,Charlotte,NC 282 11-3577购得,它是带有主要成分为聚乙二醇的油剂CS-2的共轭皮/芯-聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PE/PET)纤维。
实例3
实例3是穿透空气粘合梳理纤网,包含90wt%10.0旦1.5英寸共轭皮/芯-PE/PET纤维和10wt%1.5旦1.5英寸人造丝纤维。PE/PET可从BASF纤维公司,6805 Morrison Boulevard,Charlotte,NC 28211-3577购得,它是带有主要成分为聚乙二醇的油剂CS-2的共轭皮/芯-聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PE/PET)纤维。
实例4
实例4是符合本发明标准的双组分梯度结构。上层组分如实例3中所给出,底层如实例1中所给出。
实例5
实例5是符合本发明标准的双组分梯度结构。上层组分如实例2中所给出,底层如实例1中所给出。
实例6
实例6是符合本发明标准的双组分梯度结构。上层组分是60wt%3.0旦1.5英寸共轭PE/PET纤维与40wt%6旦1.5英寸PET纤维的均匀共混物。各组分九层层合在一起制造试验用材料。
该上层组分纤维是由Hoechst Celanese公司,Charlotte,NC,提供的商品名分别为T256和T295的纤维。上层组分的单位重量为约1.5osy(盎司每平方码)(50gsm),密度为约0.014g/cc。上层组分共混纤维是采用备有Web-Master出布辊的Master梳理机,John D.Hollingworth ofWheels公司,Greenville,NC,梳理成网的。上层组分的MD∶CD纤维取向比,按照MD与CD拉伸强度比确定,为约3~5∶1。
底层组分是100wt%的2.2旦1.5英寸聚丙烯纤维,由Hercules化学公司,Wilmington,DE,按商品名T186购得,其单位重量为约1.0osy(35gsm)。经穿透空气粘合之后,该层的密度为约0.067g/cc。该层是采用备有Dof-Master出布辊的Master梳理机,John D.Hollingworth ofWheels公司,梳理成网的。底层组分的MC∶CD纤维取向比,按照拉伸强度比确定,为约12~15∶1。
上层组分的毛细张力为约0.6;底层的为约2.7cm。
实例7
实例7是符合本发明标准的类似于实例6的双组分梯度结构。上层组分是2种纤维的均匀共混物:30wt%3.0旦1.5英寸共轭PE/PET纤维与70wt%6旦1.5英寸PET纤维。底层组分是100wt%2.2旦1.5英寸聚丙烯纤维。每层的供应商及单位重量均与实例6中的相同。没有一层经过梳理来提高取向度。
表
实例
层数
密度
渗透率
毛细张力
厚度
1 st R
2 nd R
3 rd R
1 st F
2 nd F
3 rd F
1 10 0.056 500 3.0 1.93 18 38 28 29.6 23.0 23.2
2 7 0.036 1650 1.7 2.08 37 25 23 7.0 9.5 11.0
3 9 0.047 2500 1.2 2.03 36 34 31 3.1 3.9 4.4
4 4层实例3/5 0.052 2500/500 1.2/3.0 1.85 26 23 19 4.9 6.0 6.7
层实例1
5 3层实例2/5 0.047 1650/500 1.7/3.0 1.85 29 20 20 6.3 7.7 8.5
层实例1
6 18 0.024 7645/770 0.6/2.6 2.09 29 29 28 N/A N/A N/A
7 2 N/A 3400/770 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
注1:表中各参数的单位参见第18页第21~24行。
注2:1stR、2ndR、3rdR、1stF、2ndF和3rdF分别表示第一、第二和第三次污染排液之后的流出量(runoff)(ml)和流体保持量(fluid retained)(克)。
研究了表中的数据后可清楚地看出,厚度与单层激增液体缓冲控制材料大致相同的多层激增液体缓冲控制材料,具有较好(较低)的流(溢)出量结果。这可从实例3与实例4和5的比较看出,实施例4和5尽管整体稍微薄一些但具有比均匀的高渗透率的实例3低的流出量数值。这样的结果违反直觉。
虽然,上面仅详细描述了本发明的几个范例实施方案,但是,本领域技术人员很容易理解,在这些范例实施方案中尚存在许多可能的变换方案,它们在实质上均不偏离本发明的新技术内容和优点。因此,所有此类方案均应包括在如下面所附权利要求规定的本发明范围之内。在权利要求中,手段加上功能的权利要求被用来涵盖本文中为完成所提到的功能时所描述的各种结构,而且,不仅包括各种结构等价物,而且包括各种等价结构。譬如,虽然钉子和螺钉--就钉子采取圆柱表面将木材零件固定在一起而螺钉采取螺旋表面--这种意义上可能不是结构等价物,但是,就固定木材零件的意义上,钉子与螺钉可以是等价结构。
Claims (23)
1.一种个人护理制品用激增液体缓冲控制材料,它包含一种层合结构,由至少一个面朝穿戴者的渗透率较高的层与至少一个渗透率较低的层组成,其中所述结构的毛细张力为约1~5cm,且从顶层到底层的差值至少约1cm,且其中所述高渗透率层的渗透率至少是1000达西,而所述低渗透率层的渗透率小于1000达西。
2.权利要求1的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高渗透率层的渗透率比所述低渗透率层的至少高250达西。
3.权利要求1的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高渗透率层的渗透率比所述低渗透率层的至少高500达西。
4.权利要求1的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高渗透率层是取向的。
5.权利要求1的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述低渗透率层是取向的。
6.权利要求1的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高及低渗透率层是取向的。
7.权利要求1的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其厚度小于3cm。
8.权利要求1的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中第一次污染排液的流出量数值占以20ml/s提供的100ml污染排液中的最多30ml。
9.权利要求8的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中2次另外的污染排液的流出量每次最多是30ml。
10.权利要求9的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所有3次污染排液均具有至多25ml的流出量数值。
11.一种个人护理制品,其选自包含权利要求1的材料的尿布、训练裤、吸收性内裤、成人失禁用品及妇女卫生用品。
12.权利要求11的制品,其中所述个人护理制品是妇女卫生用品。
13.权利要求11的制品,其中所述个人护理制品是成人失禁用品。
14.权利要求11的制品,其中所述个人护理制品是尿布。
15.权利要求14的制品,其中所述尿布具有最大7.6cm的裆部宽度。
16.一种个人护理制品用激增液体缓冲控制材料,它包含一种层合结构,由至少一个面朝穿戴者的渗透率较高的层与至少一个渗透率较低的层组成,其中所述较高渗透率层的毛细张力为约1~2.5cm,所述较低渗透率层的毛细张力为约2.5~5cm。
17.权利要求16的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高渗透率层是取向的。
18.权利要求16的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述低渗透率层是取向的。
19.权利要求16的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高及低渗透率层是取向的。
20.一种个人护理制品用激增液体缓冲控制材料,它包含一种层合结构,由至少一个面朝穿戴者的渗透率较高的层与至少一个渗透率较低的层组成,其中所述较高渗透率层由共轭皮/芯微纤维组成,其渗透率比所述低渗透率层大至少500达西,且毛细张力为约1~2cm;所述较低渗透率层包含均聚物微纤维,其毛细张力为约2.5~5cm,其中所述层中至少一层以纵向∶横向至少3∶1取向。
21.权利要求20的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高渗透率层是取向的。
22.权利要求20的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述低渗透率层是取向的。
23.权利要求20的激增液体缓冲控制材料,其中所述高及低渗透率层是取向的。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/754,417 US5820973A (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1996-11-22 | Heterogeneous surge material for absorbent articles |
US08/754,417 | 1996-11-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1251513A CN1251513A (zh) | 2000-04-26 |
CN1170513C true CN1170513C (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
Family
ID=25034709
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB971999902A Expired - Fee Related CN1170513C (zh) | 1996-11-22 | 1997-11-21 | 吸收制品用非均匀激增液体缓冲控制材料 |
Country Status (14)
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US (2) | US5820973A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0952800B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20000069073A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1170513C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR010629A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU723912C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9713392A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2269805C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69738541T2 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID23975A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL186431B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2192834C2 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199901138T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998022068A1 (zh) |
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US5562650A (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1996-10-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article having an improved surge management |
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IN192766B (zh) | 1994-04-29 | 2004-05-15 | Clemson Niversit Res Foundatio | |
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-
1996
- 1996-11-22 US US08/754,417 patent/US5820973A/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-11-20 AR ARP970105438A patent/AR010629A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-21 EP EP97949545A patent/EP0952800B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1997-11-21 CA CA002269805A patent/CA2269805C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-21 RU RU99113331/14A patent/RU2192834C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-21 CN CNB971999902A patent/CN1170513C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-21 TR TR1999/01138T patent/TR199901138T2/xx unknown
- 1997-11-21 ID IDW990391D patent/ID23975A/id unknown
- 1997-11-21 BR BR9713392A patent/BR9713392A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-21 KR KR1019997004499A patent/KR20000069073A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-21 AU AU72978/98A patent/AU723912C/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-11-21 WO PCT/US1997/021372 patent/WO1998022068A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-21 DE DE69738541T patent/DE69738541T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-21 PL PL97333824A patent/PL186431B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-05-18 US US09/314,492 patent/USRE39919E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0952800A1 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
DE69738541D1 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
CA2269805A1 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
EP0952800B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
AR010629A1 (es) | 2000-06-28 |
PL186431B1 (pl) | 2004-01-30 |
USRE39919E1 (en) | 2007-11-13 |
CA2269805C (en) | 2005-06-14 |
DE69738541T2 (de) | 2009-03-26 |
KR20000069073A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
AU7297898A (en) | 1998-06-10 |
AU723912C (en) | 2001-11-15 |
BR9713392A (pt) | 2000-03-21 |
AU723912B2 (en) | 2000-09-07 |
CN1251513A (zh) | 2000-04-26 |
TR199901138T2 (xx) | 1999-07-21 |
WO1998022068A1 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
RU2192834C2 (ru) | 2002-11-20 |
ID23975A (id) | 2000-06-14 |
US5820973A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
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