CN111491594B - 热鲁棒的激光探针组件 - Google Patents

热鲁棒的激光探针组件 Download PDF

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CN111491594B
CN111491594B CN201880080453.6A CN201880080453A CN111491594B CN 111491594 B CN111491594 B CN 111491594B CN 201880080453 A CN201880080453 A CN 201880080453A CN 111491594 B CN111491594 B CN 111491594B
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cannula
cylindrical window
probe assembly
proximal end
grin lens
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CN111491594A (zh
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C·库克
刁晨光
M·H·法利
A·米尔斯帕西
K·帕尔托
R·T·史密斯
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Alcon Inc
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Abstract

本披露的某些方面提供了一种热鲁棒的激光探针组件，所述激光探针组件包括插管，其中，一个或多个光纤至少部分地延伸穿过所述插管，以将激光从激光源传输到靶位置。所述探针组件进一步包括：透镜，所述透镜容纳在所述插管中；以及保护部件，所述保护部件压入配合至所述插管的远端，其中，所述透镜定位在所述一个或多个光纤与所述保护部件之间。

Description

热鲁棒的激光探针组件
技术领域
本披露总体上涉及激光探针组件，更特别地涉及在手术(例如，眼科手术)等中使用的这种系统。
背景技术
可以在多种不同的程序和手术过程中使用激光探针组件。作为示例，尤其可以在视网膜激光手术过程中使用激光探针组件以密封视网膜裂孔。激光通常是从激光源穿过光纤缆线传输。光纤缆线在近侧终止于连接至激光源的激光连接器，在远侧终止于由外科医生操纵的探针组件。注意，在本文中，部件的远端是指更靠近患者身体的端部，或者是指激光从激光探针中发出的位置。另一方面，部件的近端是指背向患者身体或接近例如激光源的端部。
探针组件包括手持件，所述手持件联接至部分地插入患者眼睛中的插管。光纤缆线容纳光纤，所述光纤延伸穿过手持件和插管，以将激光传输到患者的视网膜上。在某些情况下，使用透镜放大由光纤传播的激光束并将其投射到患者的视网膜上，以提高性能。透镜放置在光纤的前面，并且附接至插管。
在某些情况下，光纤缆线容纳多于一个光纤，使激光探针组件能够同时递送多于一个光凝固束。例如，在某些情况下，光纤缆线可以容纳四个光纤或多芯光纤。在这种情况下，由于有限空间中(例如，在插管内)功率通量较高，当血液或其他深色物质存在于插管或透镜的端头的前面或至少部分地阻挡或接触插管或透镜的端头时，插管和透镜可能会经受过多的热量。在某些情况下，会产生过多的热量，因为由光纤传播的激光束会被血液或深色物质反射回透镜、插管、和/或透镜与插管之间的粘合剂上。这种过热和热失控会导致插管和透镜熔化，并且还会导致透镜从插管脱离。
发明内容
本披露涉及一种激光探针组件，更特别地涉及在手术(例如，眼科手术)等中使用的这种系统。
某些实施例提供了一种探针组件，所述探针组件包括插管，其中，一个或多个光纤至少部分地延伸穿过所述插管，以将激光从激光源传输到靶位置。所述探针组件进一步包括：透镜，所述透镜容纳在所述插管中；以及保护部件，所述保护部件压入配合至所述插管的远端，其中，所述透镜定位在所述一个或多个光纤与所述保护部件之间。
而且，某些实施例提供了一种手术系统，所述手术系统包括激光源和通过一个或多个光纤连接至激光源的探针组件。所述激光探针组件包括连接至插管的手持件，所述插管包括远端，其中，所述一个或多个光纤延伸穿过所述手持件并且至少部分地穿过所述插管，以将激光从所述激光源传输到靶位置。所述激光探针组件还包括：透镜，所述透镜容纳在所述插管中；以及保护部件，所述保护部件压入配合至所述插管的远端，其中，所述透镜定位在所述一个或多个光纤与所述保护部件之间。
以下描述和相关附图详细阐述了一个或多个实施例的某些说明性特征。
附图说明
附图描绘了一个或多个实施例的某些方面，因此不应视为限制本披露的范围。
图1A展示了包括手持件和插管的探针组件的示例。
图1B展示了图1A的插管的端头的截面视图。
图2A展示了根据一些实施例的、放置在插管的端头处的示例性保护部件的截面视图。
图2B展示了根据一些实施例的、图2A的保护部件的三维视图。
图2C展示了根据一些实施例的、图2A所示的插管的端头的正视图。
图2D展示了根据一些实施例的、图2A所示的插管的端头的三维视图。
图3A至图3E展示了根据一些实施例的、不同形状的透镜和保护部件的多个示例性构型的截面视图。
图4A展示了根据一些实施例的、具有斜面端的保护部件的截面视图。
图4B展示了根据一些实施例的、图4A的保护部件的三维视图。
图4C展示了根据一些实施例的、具有斜面端的保护部件的截面视图。
图4D展示了根据一些实施例的、图4C的保护部件的三维视图。
图4E展示了根据一些实施例的、插入到插管中的图4A的保护部件。
为了便于理解，在可能的情况下，使用相同的附图标记来表示附图中共有的相同元件。预期一个实施例的元件和特征可以有益地并入其他实施例中而无需进一步叙述。
具体实施方式
本披露的方面提供了一种具有保护部件的探针组件。
如上所述，当血液污染透镜或阻挡激光束使得插管内的透镜可能熔化时，功率通量较高的探针组件可能会经受过热。熔化的透镜还可能从插管脱离，从而导致探针组件出现故障。通过将保护部件压入配合至插管的远端，本披露中描述的特定实施例可以克服这些缺陷，其中，透镜定位在一个或多个光纤与保护部件之间。
图1A展示了包括手持件102和插管104的探针组件的100示例。外科医生使用手持件102将插管104(例如圆柱形形状的中空管)引导到患者的身体部位中，所述身体部位可以是患者的眼睛。如图所示，探针组件100同时提供多个光凝固束106，从而产生多个激光点。每个激光点的功率可以在250毫瓦至500毫瓦(mW)之间，使得通过提供多个激光点，穿过插管104的最小功率可以是1瓦(W)。如上所述，可以在延伸穿过插管的光纤的前面放置透镜，以将激光束投射到例如患者眼睛的视网膜表面上。如上所述，光纤的近端连接至激光源，所述激光源联接至手术系统或手术系统的一部分。
图1B展示了插管104的端头的截面视图，其中放置有透镜110以投射由延伸穿过插管104的多个光纤108传播的束106。在某些方面，光纤108代表光纤阵列或多芯光纤。当比如穿过套管针插管(未展示)将插管104放置在患者的身体部位中时，比如当插管104的端头前面存在血液或其他深色物质或所述血液或其他深色物质部分地阻挡或接触透镜110时，束106可以被反射回插管104中。激光束被反射回插管104中，以及插管104对此类束的吸收，增加了插管104内已经产生的热量。如上所述，这种过热可能会使插管104和透镜110熔化，并且还会导致透镜110从插管104脱离。
因此，本文所描述的方面涉及压入配合至探针组件的插管的远端的保护部件。保护部件(例如，保护窗)放置在透镜的远端前面，所述透镜本身放置在一个或多个光纤前面。压入配合的保护部件通过限制透镜沿着插管的移动和/或还通过防止透镜从插管脱离来保护透镜。当保护部件被压入配合到插管的远端中时，它还防止、最小化或至少减少了在手术过程中可能(例如，从患者的身体部位)泄漏到插管中的流体(例如，血液)的量。
图2A展示了放置在插管104的端头处的示例性保护部件212的截面视图。如图所示，保护部件212放置在插管104的远端205处，同时插管104的近端207连接至手持件(例如，图1A中所示的手持件102)。如上所述，插管104的远端205是插入到患者的身体部位中的端部，或者是激光被配置成从探针组件100中发出的位置。而且，如图所示，透镜210包括近端209和远端211。进一步地，保护部件212包括近端215和远端213。
在某些方面，保护部件212包括光学清晰或透明的材料。在某些方面，透明材料具有光焦度，而在某些其他方面，透明材料不具有光焦度。光焦度(也称为屈光度、屈光力、聚焦力或会聚力)是透镜、反射镜或其他光学系统会聚光或发散光的程度。在某些方面，保护部件212可以包括能够耐高温而不熔化的材料。例如，保护部件212可以具有在800℃至2000℃范围内的转变温度。透明材料的示例包括蓝宝石、熔融石英或其他具有高转变温度的玻璃或陶瓷材料。
在某些方面，通过将部件212压入配合到插管104中而将保护部件212附接至插管104。压入配合(也称为过盈配合或摩擦配合)是一种用于将保护部件212固定至插管104的技术，在将保护部件212推入插管104中之后，通过保护部件212与插管104之间的摩擦来实现固定。在某些方面，插管104包括比如不锈钢、镍钛诺(NiTi)或铂铱合金(Pt-lr)等材料。在某些方面，保护部件212包括具有足够的鲁棒性或刚度(例如，硬度或韧性)的材料，使得尤其是当插管104也由刚性材料(例如，不锈钢)制成时，将保护部件212压入配合到插管104中不会导致保护部件212破碎。在某些方面，插管104的内直径可以小于保护部件212的直径。
图2B展示了保护部件212的三维视图。如图所示，在某些方面，保护部件212是圆柱形部件，所述圆柱形部件可以压入配合到插管104的圆柱形开口中。在某些方面，保护部件212的直径可以是350μm±5μm、360μm±5μm、或370μm±5μm。在某些方面，保护部件212的长度可以长至355μm±25μm。
图2C展示了容纳保护部件212的插管104的端头的正视图。
图2D展示了插管104的端头的三维视图。如图所示，保护部件212部分地延伸到插管104的外部。但是在某些方面，保护部件212没有延伸到插管104的外部。例如，保护部件212可以与插管104的外部齐平，或者不延伸至插管104的外部。
如图2A至图2D所示，在某些方面，保护部件(例如，保护部件212)可以具有远端和近端均是平坦的圆柱形形状。然而，在某些方面，保护部件的近端不必是平坦的。例如，保护部件的近端可以是球面或非球面的。具有球面或非球面近端的保护部件可以是有利的，因为在压入配合过程中，球面或非球面近端可以更容易地被引导或插入穿过插管的端头。
而且，如图2A所示，在某些方面，放置在插管104中的透镜(例如，透镜210)具有远端和近端均是平坦的圆柱形形状。这种透镜的示例是梯度折射率(GRIN)透镜。然而，在某些其他方面，可以替代地使用球面或非球面透镜，这可以增加相应探针组件的性能和/或热可靠性。这样，在某些方面，透镜的近端或远端中的至少一个不是平坦的。例如，透镜的近端、远端或两端可以是球面或非球面的。注意，本文所描述的任何不同形状的透镜可以与本文所描述的任何不同形状的保护部件结合使用。
图3A至图3E展示了插管104内的不同形状的透镜和保护部件的多个示例性构型的截面视图。
图3A展示了插管104，光纤108部分地延伸穿过所述插管。如图所示，透镜320在光纤108的远端处，其中透镜的近端是球面的，而远端是平坦的。将保护部件330压入配合到插管104中，以将所述保护部件放置在透镜320的远端处，从而限制透镜320沿着插管104移动和从所述插管脱离。透镜320的球面近端将由光纤108传播的激光束朝向保护部件330的近端的中间转向。
图3B展示了保护具有平坦近端和平坦远端的透镜322的保护部件330。在某些方面，透镜322是GRIN透镜。
图3C展示了保护具有平坦近端和球面远端的透镜324的保护部件330。在某些方面，在透镜324的球面远端与保护部件330的球面近端之间存在光焦度分割，从而使球面像差较小(例如，更高的保真度)。减小球面像差会使得探针组件在患者身体部位(例如，视网膜表面)上投射或传播更清晰的激光点，这可以提高探针组件的性能和准确性。
图3D展示了保护具有球面近端和球面远端的透镜326的保护部件330。在某些方面，透镜326(例如，称为球面透镜)具有比GRIN透镜更高的温度性能。由保护部件330提供的保护允许使用球面透镜，比如透镜326。在某些方面，球面透镜326能够将由光纤108传播的激光束朝向保护部件330的近端的中间聚焦。在图3D的示例中，保护部件330的球面端与透镜326的两个球面端组合，进一步有助于将激光束转向和聚焦。另外，高软化点球面透镜可能能够耐更高的表面温度，这可以提高探针组件的热可靠性。
图3E展示了保护具有平坦近端和平坦远端的透镜322的保护部件332。保护部件332具有非球面近端和平坦远端。在某些方面，保护部件332的非球面端可以被模制。在某些方面，与球面近端相比，具有非球面近端的保护部件可以更容易地被引导或插入穿过插管104的端头。
如上所述，在某些方面，一个或多个保护部件330至332可以具有光焦度，而在其他方面，这些保护部件可以不具有光焦度。而且，在某些方面，在每个3A至3E构型中，光纤的远端接触或接近透镜的近端，而透镜的远端接触或接近保护部件的近端。在这样的方面，透镜的移动一侧(例如，近侧)受到光纤的限制并且另一侧(例如，远侧)受到保护部件的限制。
图4A展示了保护部件的另一示例性形状的截面视图。如图所示，保护部件430的近端包括斜面边缘432和平坦表面434。例如，可以通过使圆柱形部件的近端的边缘成斜面来制造保护部件430。图4B展示了保护部件430的三维视图。保护部件430是有利的，因为保护部件430的斜面形状的近端可以更容易地被引导或插入穿过插管的端头。
图4C展示了保护部件的又一示例性形状的截面视图。如图所示，保护部件440的近端包括斜面边缘442和球面表面444。图4D展示了保护部件440的三维视图。
保护部件(比如保护部件430或440)可以是有利的，因为保护部件的斜面形状的近端可以更容易地被引导或插入穿过插管的端头。保护部件430或440可以与图3A至图3E所示的任何透镜构型320至326结合使用。
在某些方面，插管(例如，插管104)可以由柔性材料(例如，不锈钢、NiTi、Pt-lr等)制成，使得当将直径较大的透镜和/或保护部件插入到插管中时，插管的直径可以扩大。
图4E展示了插入到插管(例如，插管404)中的图4A的保护部件430。如图所示，插管端头的直径已经扩大，并且采用了保护部件430的斜面端的形状。在某些方面，使用直径大于插管在其正常状态下的直径的保护部件是有利的。这是因为，在这样的方面，将保护部件压入配合到插管中消除了、最小化或至少减小了保护部件的外表面与插管的内表面之间的任何未填充的空间或开口。结果，还可以减小流体(比如血液)穿过任何这种未填充的空间或开口泄漏到插管中的任何可能性。
提供前面的描述是为了使本领域的任何技术人员能够实践本文所描述的各种实施例。对这些实施例的各种修改对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，并且本文所定义的一般原理可以应用于其他实施例。因此，权利要求不旨在限于本文所示的实施例，而是与权利要求的语言一致的全部范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种探针组件，包括：
多芯光纤；
插管，其中，所述多芯光纤至少部分地延伸穿过所述插管，以将激光从激光源传输到靶位置；
梯度折射率GRIN透镜，所述GRIN透镜容纳在所述插管中，其中所述多芯光纤接触所述GRIN透镜的近端；以及
圆柱形窗，所述圆柱形窗压入配合至所述插管的远端，其中，所述GRIN透镜的远端接触所述圆柱形窗在所述插管内部的近端，使得所述GRIN透镜的沿着所述插管的移动被限制，并且其中所述圆柱形窗的远端延伸到所述插管的外部，其中所述GRIN透镜定位在所述多芯光纤与所述圆柱形窗之间，并且其中所述GRIN透镜在所述圆柱形窗外面。
2.如权利要求1所述的探针组件，其中，所述圆柱形窗包括透明材料。
3.如权利要求2所述的探针组件，其中，所述圆柱形窗具有光焦度。
4.如权利要求2所述的探针组件，其中，所述圆柱形窗不具有光焦度。
5.如权利要求1所述的探针组件，其中，所述圆柱形窗的近端包括凸面。
6.如权利要求1所述的探针组件，其中，所述圆柱形窗的近端包括球面区段。
7.如权利要求1所述的探针组件，其中，所述圆柱形窗的近端包括模制的非球面区段。
8.如权利要求1所述的探针组件，其中，所述GRIN透镜的近端是弯曲的。
9.如权利要求8所述的探针组件，其中，所述GRIN透镜的近端是球面的。
10.如权利要求1所述的探针组件，其中，所述GRIN透镜的远端是弯曲的。
11.如权利要求10所述的探针组件，其中，所述GRIN透镜的远端是球面的。
12.如权利要求1所述的探针组件，其中，所述圆柱形窗压入配合成使得所述圆柱形窗减少了材料向所述插管中的泄漏。
13.一种手术系统，包括：
激光源；
多芯光纤；
探针组件，所述探针组件通过所述多芯光纤连接至所述激光源，所述探针组件包括：
连接至插管的手持件，所述插管包括远端，其中，所述多芯光纤延伸穿过所述手持件并且至少部分地穿过所述插管，以将激光从所述激光源传输到靶位置；
GRIN透镜，所述GRIN透镜容纳在所述插管中，其中所述多芯光纤接触所述GRIN透镜的近端；以及
圆柱形窗，所述圆柱形窗压入配合至所述插管的远端，其中，所述GRIN透镜的远端接触所述圆柱形窗在所述插管内部的近端，使得所述GRIN透镜的沿着所述插管的移动被限制，并且其中所述圆柱形窗的远端延伸到所述插管的外部，其中所述GRIN透镜定位在所述多芯光纤与所述圆柱形窗之间，并且其中所述GRIN透镜在所述圆柱形窗外面。
14.如权利要求13所述的手术系统，其中，所述圆柱形窗包括透明材料。
15.如权利要求14所述的手术系统，其中，所述圆柱形窗具有光焦度。
16.如权利要求14所述的手术系统，其中，所述圆柱形窗不具有光焦度。
17.如权利要求13所述的手术系统，其中，所述圆柱形窗的近端包括凸面。
18.如权利要求13所述的手术系统，其中，所述圆柱形窗的近端包括球面区段。
19.如权利要求13所述的手术系统，其中，所述圆柱形窗的近端包括模制的非球面区段。
20.如权利要求13所述的手术系统，其中，所述圆柱形窗压入配合成使得所述圆柱形窗减少了材料向所述插管中的泄漏。
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