CN103732124A - 使用分面光学元件的多光斑激光外科探头 - Google Patents

使用分面光学元件的多光斑激光外科探头 Download PDF

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CN103732124A
CN103732124A CN201280038754.5A CN201280038754A CN103732124A CN 103732124 A CN103732124 A CN 103732124A CN 201280038754 A CN201280038754 A CN 201280038754A CN 103732124 A CN103732124 A CN 103732124A
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R·T·史密斯
M·A·齐卡
D·J·伯克
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Abstract

在本发明的特定实施例中，一种光学外科探头包括配置为光学耦合到光源的手持件和位于手持件的远端的套管。探头还包括在手持件内的至少一个光导。光导配置为将来自光源的光束传输到手持件的远端。探头还包括位于套管中的多光斑生成器，多光斑生成器包括分面光学粘合剂，分面光学粘合剂具有与光导的远端隔开的分面端表面。分面端表面包括倾斜于光束的路径的至少一个面。在一些实施例中，探头还包括位于光导的远端的高传导率套圈。在其他实施例中，套管由透明材料形成。

Description

使用分面光学元件的多光斑激光外科探头
相关申请
本申请要求于2011年8月9日提交的美国临时申请序列号61／521，447的优先权，其内容通过引用并入本文。本申请涉及共同未决的美国专利申请序列号12／959，533，其于2010年12月3日提交并且与本申请共同转让。
技术领域
本发明涉及光学外科探头，更具体地，涉及使用分面(faceted)光学元件的多光斑激光外科探头。
背景技术
光学外科探头将光输送到用于各种应用的外科区域。在一些应用中，将光输送到手术区域中的多个斑点是有用的。例如，在视网膜组织的泛视网膜光凝中，可期望的是将激光输送到多个斑点，以便减少泛视网膜光凝程序的时间。各种技术已经被用来针对多光斑图案产生多个光束。例如，一种方案使用衍射分束器元件，以将入射光束划分为被耦合到多个光纤的多个光斑，该多个光纤将该多个光斑输送到视网膜。但是，也可期望具有多光斑生成器，其可以布置在光学外科探头的远端以更容易地从单一输入光束产生多个光斑，以使得多光斑生成器可以更容易地与现有的激光源一起使用，而不需要额外的部件将激光外科探头与源对准。
在光学外科探头的远端使用衍射分束器元件时会出现困难。作为一个示例，衍射分束器元件产生大量更高的衍射级，并且虽然这些衍射级在光强度上比主光斑图案相对较低，但是就其影响而言并不总是可以忽略它们。作为另一示例，衍射元件在不同折射率介质中可能表现不同。例如，如果衍射分束器元件被布置到不同于空气的介质中，如盐溶液或油中，则衍射分束器元件的微观表面浮雕结构的凹陷部分可被填充折射率不同于空气的材料，这会毁坏光斑图案。作为又一个示例，光斑之间的间隔可能对于不同的波长而改变，这在瞄准光束具有特定颜色而治疗光束具有不同颜色时可能会产生问题。最后，衍射元件常常很昂贵并且难以制造，并且在衍射元件必须被构造为适配小区域(诸如用于23号(23-gauge)或更小的外科器械的外科探头的远端尖端)的情况下更加如此。因此，仍然需要一种光学外科探头，其可以使用在外科探头的远端处的光学元件在目标区域产生多个光斑。
发明内容
本发明的特定实施例提供一种热鲁棒的光学外科探头，其包括具有分面光学粘合剂元件的多光斑生成器。在本发明的特定实施例中，一种光学外科探头包括配置为光学耦合到光源的手持件和位于手持件的远端的套管。探头还包括位于手持件内的至少一个光导。光导配置为将来自光源的光束传输到手持件的远端。探头还包括位于套管中的多光斑生成器，多光斑生成器包括分面光学粘合剂，分面光学粘合剂具有与光导的远端隔开的分面端表面。分面端表面包括倾斜于光束的路径的至少一个面。在一些实施例中，探头还包括位于光导的远端的高传导率套圈。在其他实施例中，套管由透明材料形成。
参照附图以及附图和权利要求的以下描述，本发明的其他目的、特征和优点将变得明显。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明特定实施例的具有高热传导性套圈的多光斑生成器；
图2示出根据本发明特定实施例的具有透明套管的多光斑生成器；以及
图3示出根据本发明替代实施例的具有透明套管的多光斑生成器。
具体实施方式
与本申请共同转让的、于2010年12月3日提交的共同未决的美国申请序列号12／959，533描述了一种使用分面光学粘合剂的多光斑光学外科探头。本发明的各种实施例提供附加的特征，以促进分面光学粘合剂在光学外科探头中的使用。特别是，本发明的某些实施例提供使用分面光学粘合剂的热鲁棒光学外科探头。如下面详细描述的，本发明的特定实施例包括附加的特征，以减少“热斑”在外科探头中发生的可能性，“热斑”会导致分面光学粘合剂或粘合套圈和套管的粘合剂劣化和／或失效。
在本发明的某些实施例中，位于探头的远端内的套圈被修改以提高其从探头的远端尖端传导热的能力。第一修改是将材料从通常使用的、低热传导率的不锈钢改变为具有高得多的热传导率的材料，例如铜或银。套圈的材料不必是生物相容的，因为它在物理上与探头的外部隔离。这允许选择非生物相容性材料，诸如具有比任何可用的生物相容性材料高得多的热传导率的铜或银。较高的热传导率更有效地传导热量远离探头的远端。第二修改是添加远端侧屏蔽体到圆柱形套圈，其防止从粘合剂面反射的光照明套管并且被套管吸收。相反，反射光照明高热传导率套圈并且基本上由高热传导率套圈吸收，该高热传导率套圈高效地传导热量远离探头的远端。
在本发明的替代实施例中，以透明套管替换吸收套管，透明套管将来自粘合剂面的反射光透射到套管外部的周围区域中。这导致探头的远端的温度显著降低。因为指向外科医生的高强度透射光可能与他观看视网膜发生干扰，各种手段可用于阻止或消除这个光，包括在透明套管外侧上的反射、漫射或半透明的层和在透明套管外侧并且物理上与其间隔绝缘空气间隙的不透明圆柱形套管。这一不透明套管不必由高热传导性材料制成，而是可以由刚性和强的材料(诸如不锈钢)形成，其对于探头的远端提供附加的结构强度。
图1示出根据本发明特定实施例的适于布置在光学外科探头的远端的多光斑生成器100。在所描绘的实施例中，具有诸如蓝宝石球透镜的球透镜106的分面光学粘合剂104位于套管108内。保持光纤112的高传导率套圈110位于套管108内。光纤112输送来自照明源(未示出)的诸如激光的光。
高热传导率套圈110(在下文中称为“高传导率套圈”)由热传导率明显高于通常在光学外科探头中使用的不锈钢材料(其通常是大约15W／m-K)的材料形成。对于本说明书的目的，“高传导率”指的是具有超过100W／m-K的热传导率的材料。合适的示例包括铜(372W／m-K的传导率)、标准银(410W／m-K)或纯银(427W／m-K)。因为高传导率套圈110由分面光学粘合剂104封装在套管108内，高传导率套圈110不必由生物相容性材料制成，这允许考虑通常不用于光学外科探头中的高传导率材料。
高传导率套圈110包括自光纤112向远端延伸的侧屏蔽体114。侧屏蔽体114被取向为接收从分面光学粘合剂104的面反射的光。虽然来自分面光学粘合剂104的反射在能量上比入射光束相对较低(入射能量的大约5％)，但是这样的反射仍然可能在套管108上产生“热斑”。假如套管108通常由不锈钢或其他相对传导不良且反射性不高的材料形成，这会导致激光能量被吸收，从而造成过量的热积累在分面光学粘合剂104附近或将套圈110接合到套管114的粘合剂(未示出)附近的可能性。这会降低光学外科探头的性能。侧屏蔽体114拦截反射光束，以防止它们到达套管，并且由于套圈110的材料为高传导性的，通过在套圈110吸收反射光束而产生的任何热量被迅速地消散，从而防止套圈110的平衡温度显著升高。
图2示出根据本发明的热鲁棒多光斑生成器的替代实施例。在所描绘的实施例中，套管108由透明材料形成。该材料优选是生物相容性的，但如果不是，外表面套管108也可被涂覆或处理，以提高生物相容性。透明套管108允许反射光穿过套管108，以避免形成热斑。在特定实施例中，套管108是漫射性的，以使得逃出的光不会形成可能分散外科医生注意力的可见光光斑。例如，套管108的表面可以由半透明材料制成，可以是化学或机械磨砂(如通过刮擦或酸蚀刻)，或者可以涂覆有漫射涂层。在替代实施例中，套管108是透明的，但由反射涂层(诸如银)包围。反射涂层防止光进入外科医生的视野，同时仍将光反射离开分面光学粘合剂104，从而允许热量容易传导离开尖端。银或反射涂层的外表面可进行氧化或涂覆，以提高生物相容性。
图3示出透明套管108的替代实施例。在所描绘的实施例中，不透明外套管120围绕透明套管108。不透明外套管120可以由传统的生物相容性材料形成，并且其优选为相对吸收性的，但是它不必是高传导性的。外套管120与透明套管108通过空气间隙隔开。空气间隙提供透明套管108之间的热绝缘，并且透明套管108也可以由如玻璃的绝缘材料形成。任何产生于外套管120中的热量都可以传导到探头的其他部分或包围外套管120的生物材料中。外套管120与分面光学粘合剂104之间的热绝缘减少了过量的热累积在分面光学粘合剂104附近的可能性。
在本文中通过示例说明了本发明，并且本领域普通技术人员可以进行各种修改。虽然详细说明了本发明，但应理解，在不偏离本发明要求保护的范围的情况下，可以作出各种改变、替换和变更。

Claims (10)

1.一种光学外科探头，包括：
手持件，所述手持件配置为光学耦合到光源；
在所述手持件的远端的套管；
在所述手持件内的至少一个光导，所述至少一个光导配置为将来自所述光源的光束传输到所述手持件的远端；
在所述套管中的多光斑生成器，所述多光斑生成器包括分面光学粘合剂，所述分面光学粘合剂具有与所述光导的远端隔开的分面端表面，所述分面端表面包括相对于所述光束的路径倾斜的至少一个面；以及
在所述光导的远端的高传导率套圈。
2.如权利要求1所述的探头，其中所述高传导率套圈由银形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的探头，其中所述高传导率套圈由铜形成。
4.如权利要求1所述的探头，其中所述高传导率套圈包括侧屏蔽体，所述侧屏蔽体为所述套管屏蔽来自所述分面光学粘合剂的反射光。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述高传导率套圈具有至少372W／m-K的热传导率。
6.一种光学外科探头，包括：
手持件，所述手持件配置为光学耦合到光源；
在所述手持件的远端的透明套管；
在所述手持件内的至少一个光导，所述至少一个光导配置为将来自所述光源的光束传输到所述手持件的远端；
在所述套管中的多光斑生成器，所述多光斑生成器包括分面光学粘合剂，所述分面光学粘合剂具有与所述光导的远端隔开的分面端表面，所述分面端表面包括相对于所述光束的路径倾斜的至少一个面。
7.如权利要求6所述的探头，其中所述透明套管是半透明的。
8.如权利要求6所述的探头，其中所述透明套管是磨砂的。
9.如权利要求6所述的探头，其中所述透明套管还包括在所述套管的外部上的高反射涂层。
10.如权利要求6所述的探头，其中所述透明套管由不透明外套管包围，所述不透明外套管由空气间隙与所述透明套管隔开。
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