TWI554260B - 使用多面體光學元件之多點雷射手術探頭 - Google Patents

使用多面體光學元件之多點雷射手術探頭 Download PDF

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TWI554260B
TWI554260B TW101128609A TW101128609A TWI554260B TW I554260 B TWI554260 B TW I554260B TW 101128609 A TW101128609 A TW 101128609A TW 101128609 A TW101128609 A TW 101128609A TW I554260 B TWI554260 B TW I554260B
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羅納德Ｔ 史密斯
麥克Ａ 茲卡
達斯汀Ｊ 伯奇
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愛爾康研究有限公司
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Description

使用多面體光學元件之多點雷射手術探頭 參考相關申請案
本案請求美國臨時專利申請案第61/521,447號申請日2011年8月9日的優先權，該案全文係以引用方式併入此處。本案係有關於共同審查中之美國專利申請案第12/959,533號申請日2010年12月3日且係讓與本發明的相同受讓人。
發明領域
本發明係有關於光學手術探頭，及更明確言之，係有關於使用多面體光學元件的多點雷射手術探頭。
發明背景
針對多項應用用途，光學手術探頭遞送光至手術視野。某些用途中，遞送光至手術視野的多點可能有用。舉例言之，於視網膜組織的泛視網膜光凝固中，可能期望遞送雷射光至多個點，因而縮短泛視網膜光凝固手術的手術時間。曾經採用各項技術來產生多點樣式的多重光束。舉例言之，一個辦法使用繞射分束器元件來將一輸入光束劃分成多個點，該等多個點耦合至多根光纖，遞送該等多點至視網膜。但也期望有個多點產生器可配置於該光學手術探頭之遠端來更容易從單一入射光束而產生多點，故該多點產生器可更容易地用於既有雷射光源，而無需額外組件來對齊該雷射手術探頭與該等光源。
困難可能出現在該光學手術探頭遠端使用繞射分束器。舉例言之，繞射分束器元件產生多個較高繞射層級，比較一次點樣式，此等層級的光強度相當低，就其效應而言並非經常性地可忽略。至於另一個實例，在不同折射介質中，一繞射元件無法具有相同效能。舉例言之，若繞射分束器元件係置於空氣以外的介質中，諸如鹽水或油中，該繞射分束器元件的顯微表面凸紋結構的凹部可被具有與空氣不同折射率的物質填充，可能破壞點樣式。至於另一個實例，各點間隔可因不同波長而改變，當瞄準光束具有某個色彩而治療光束具有不同色彩時可能成問題。最後，繞射元件經常為昂貴且難以製造，當該繞射元件須經建構來嵌合入小面積時尤為如此，諸如23號或更小型手術儀器用手術探頭的遠梢端。因此，仍然需要有使用在該手術探頭之一遠端的光學元件而在一目標區產生多點的光學手術探頭。
發明概要
本發明之特定實施例係提出一種含括具有一多面體光學黏著物元件的多點產生器之熱穩健光學手術探頭。於本發明之特定實施例中，光學手術探頭包括一手持件，係經組配來光學耦合至一光源及在該手持件之一遠端的一套管。該探頭更進一步包含在該手持件內部之至少一個光導。該光導係經組配來攜帶一光束從該光源至該手持件遠端。該探頭也包括一多點產生器在該套管內，含括一多面 體光學黏著物，具有一多面體端面係與該光導之一遠端隔開。該多面體端面包括與該光束路徑為斜向之至少一個小面。於若干實施例中，該探頭也包括在該光導之該遠端的一高傳導性套接管。於其它實施例中，該套管係從透明材料製成。
本發明之其它目的、特徵及優點藉參考附圖及後文圖式之詳細說明部分及申請專利範圍將更為彰顯。
圖式簡單說明
圖1顯示依據本發明之一特定實施例具有一高導熱性套接管的多點產生器；圖2顯示依據本發明之一特定實施例具有一透明套管的多點產生器；圖3顯示依據本發明之另一實施例具有一透明套管的多點產生器。
較佳實施例之詳細說明
共同審查中之美國專利申請案第12/959,533號，申請日2010年12月3日且讓與本案之相同受讓人，描述使用多面體光學元件之多點雷射手術探頭。多個本發明之實施例提出額外特徵來協助多面體光學黏著物之用於光學手術探頭。更明確言之，若干本發明之實施例提出一種使用多面體光學黏著物的熱穩健光學手術探頭。容後詳述，本發明之特定實施例結合額外特徵來減少手術探頭中將發展出「熱點」的可能，熱點將可能造成多面體光學黏著物或鄰接套接管 及套管的黏著物降級及/或失敗。
於若干本發明之實施例中，位在探頭遠端內部的套接管係經修改來改良將熱從該探頭的遠梢端導離的能力。第一項修改係將材料從典型使用的低導熱率不鏽鋼改成具有遠更高導熱率的材料，諸如銅或銀。套接管材料無需為可生物相容性，原因在於套接管係與探頭外部為實體上隔開。如此許可使用比較任何可得的可生物相容性材料具有遠更高導熱率的非可生物相容性材料，諸如銅或銀。較高導熱率許可更有效地將熱導離探頭的遠端。第二項修改係對筒狀套接管加上一遠側屏蔽件，該屏蔽件防止光反射離黏著物小面，免於照明且被套管所吸收。取而代之，反射光照明且由高導熱率套接管所實質上吸收，有效地將熱導離探頭遠端。
於本發明之另一個實施例中，吸收性套管係以一透明套管置換，其將來自黏著物小面的反射光透射入套管外部的周圍區域。如此導致探頭遠端溫度的顯著減低。由於導向手術醫師的高強度透射光會干擾醫師的視網膜視力，已有多個裝置來阻擋或散逸此等光，包括在透明套管外部的反射性、漫射性、或半透明層，及在透明套管外部的且藉一絕緣氣隙而與其實體上隔開的一不透明筒狀套管。此一不透明套管並不必要由高度導熱材料製成，反而可由硬挺而強勁的材料諸如不鏽鋼製成，提供額外結構強度給探頭遠端。
圖1例示說明依據本發明之一特定實施例，適合用來定 置於一光學手術探頭遠端的多點產生器100。於該闡釋之實施例中，具有球形透鏡106諸如藍寶石球形透鏡的一多面體光學黏著物104係位在一套管108內部。在該套管108內部為套住一光纖112的高傳導性套接管110。光纖112傳遞諸如來自照明源(圖中未顯示)的光，諸如雷射光。
高熱傳導性套接管110(後文稱作為「高傳導性套接管」)係從具有比較習常用在光學手術探頭的不鏽鋼材料(具有典型約15瓦特/米-度K(W/m-K))顯著更高導熱率的材料製成。用於本說明書之目的，「高傳導性」將係指具有超過100 W/m-K的導熱率的材料。適當實例包括銅(導熱率372 W/m-K)、標準純銀(410 W/m-K)、或純銀(427 W/m-K)。因高傳導性套接管110係藉多面體光學黏著物104而套在套管108內部，故高傳導性套接管110無需由可生物相容性材料製成，許可考慮使用尋常不用在光學手術探頭的高傳導性材料。
高傳導性套接管110含括一側鞘套114延伸而遠端超過光纖112。側鞘套114係定向來接收從多面體光學黏著物104的各個小面反射的光。雖然從多面體光學黏著物104而來的反射於能量上比較入射光束為相當低(約為入射能的5%)，但此等反射可能在套管108上產生「熱點」。給定套管108尋常係從不鏽鋼或其它不良傳導材料製成，該材料也非高度反射性，如此可導致雷射能被吸收，轉而導致過量熱積聚接近多面體光學黏著物104，或接近連結套接管110至套管的黏著物114(圖中未顯示)的可能。如此可能降級光學手術 探頭的效能。側鞘套114截取反射光束來防止光束到達套管，且因套接管110的材料為高度傳導性，藉由吸收反射束在套接管110內產生的熱快速分散，避免套接管110的平衡熱顯著升高。
圖2例示說明依據本發明之熱穩健多點產生器的另一個實施例。於該闡釋之實施例中，套管108係由透明材料製成。該材料較佳係為可生物相容性，但若不是可生物相容性，則外表面套管108也可經被覆或經處理來改良可生物相容性。透明套管108許可反射光通過套管108來避免形成熱點。於特定實施例中，套管108為漫射性，故散逸光不會形成可能造成手術醫師分心的可見光點。舉例言之，套管108表面可由半透明材料製成，可經化學磨砂或機械磨砂(諸如藉刮擦或藉酸蝕)，或可被覆以漫射性被覆層。於其它實施例中，套管108為透明，但圍繞以反射性被覆層，諸如銀。反射性被覆層阻止光逃進手術醫師的視野內，而同時仍然將光反射離開多面體光學黏著物104，許可熱容易地從梢端導離。銀或反射性被覆層外表面可經氧化或被覆來改良可生物相容性。
圖3例示說明透明套管108的另一個實施例。於該闡釋之實施例中，不透明外套管120套住透明套管108。不透明外套管120可從習知可生物相容性材料製成，且較佳具有相對吸收性，但無需為高度傳導性。外套管120及透明套管108係藉氣隙隔開。氣隙提供透明套管108間的熱絕緣，透明套管108也係從絕緣材料例如玻璃製成。在外套管120產生的 任何熱皆可被導離進入探頭的其它部件或環繞外套管120的生物材料。外套管120與多面體光學黏著物104間的絕熱，減少過量熱堆積接近多面體光學黏著物104的可能。
本發明係藉此舉例說明，熟諳技藝人士將可做出多項修改。雖然係以細節描述本發明，但須瞭解可未悖離本發明請求專利之範圍做出多項變化、取代及變更。
100‧‧‧多點產生器
104‧‧‧多面體光學黏著物
106‧‧‧球形透鏡
108‧‧‧透明套管、套管
110‧‧‧套接管、高傳導性套接管
112‧‧‧光纖
114‧‧‧側鞘套
120‧‧‧不透明外套管
圖1顯示依據本發明之一特定實施例具有一高導熱性套接管的多點產生器；圖2顯示依據本發明之一特定實施例具有一透明套管的多點產生器；圖3顯示依據本發明之另一實施例具有一透明套管的多點產生器。
100‧‧‧多點產生器
104‧‧‧多面體光學黏著物
106‧‧‧球形透鏡
108‧‧‧套管
110‧‧‧高傳導性套接管
112‧‧‧光纖
114‧‧‧側鞘套

Claims (4)

  1. 一種光學手術探頭，其係包含：一手持件，其包含一金屬套管，該金屬套管位在該手持件之一遠端；一個光導，其延伸於該金屬套管內；該光導係經組配來攜帶來自一光源之一光束通過該金屬套管；一個多點產生器，其形成在該金屬套管之一遠側開口內且經組配來封閉該金屬套管之該遠側開口，該多點產生器包含：一個多面體端面，其與在該金屬套管內鄰近面向之該光導之一遠端相隔開，該多面體端面包括與該光束之一路徑呈斜向的至少一個小面；及一球形透鏡，其與該多面體端面相距定位；以及一高傳導性套接管，其包圍該光導之該遠端且與該金屬套管呈熱接觸，該高傳導性套接管包含一側鞘套(side-shield)部分延伸超出該光導之該遠端且經組配來屏蔽該套管免於該多點產生器之該多面體端面所反射之一部分的該光束。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之探頭，其中該高傳導性套接管係由銀製成。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之探頭，其中該高傳導性套接管係由銅製成。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之探頭，其中該高傳導性套接管係具有至少372瓦特/米-度K(W/m-K)之一導熱率。
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