CN111423416A - Ret的抑制剂 - Google Patents
Ret的抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111423416A CN111423416A CN202010391097.9A CN202010391097A CN111423416A CN 111423416 A CN111423416 A CN 111423416A CN 202010391097 A CN202010391097 A CN 202010391097A CN 111423416 A CN111423416 A CN 111423416A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- compound
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- pyrazol
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- -1 C1-C6Alkoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006716 (C1-C6) heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010033701 Papillary thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004353 pyrazol-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NN(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000030045 thyroid gland papillary carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000023356 medullary thyroid gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 4
- 208000009018 Medullary thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 206010051747 multiple endocrine neoplasia Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 91
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 69
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 68
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 58
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 36
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 34
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 28
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 19
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 17
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 12
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 11
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 9
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004452 carbocyclyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000001594 aberrant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClCCl WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;hexane Chemical class CCCCCC.CCOC(C)=O OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- RZSBWJWWGZZASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-(4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(N=C1)N1C=C(F)C=N1 RZSBWJWWGZZASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001316 cycloalkyl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- XFJRDDYDWNTDCW-LURJTMIESA-N (1S)-1-[5-(4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl]ethanamine Chemical compound FC=1C=NN(C=1)C=1N=CC(=NC=1)[C@H](C)N XFJRDDYDWNTDCW-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 3
- VOWGRXGCGYJWNO-ZETCQYMHSA-N (1S)-1-[6-(4-fluoropyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]ethanamine Chemical compound FC=1C=NN(C=1)C1=CC=C(C=N1)[C@H](C)N VOWGRXGCGYJWNO-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000171 (C1-C6) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- DVXBXZLZIBWDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-4-[6-methyl-2-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1(CCC(CC1)C1=NC(=NC(=C1)C)NC1=NNC(=C1)C)C(=O)O DVXBXZLZIBWDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/30—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/34—One oxygen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/34—One oxygen atom
- C07D239/36—One oxygen atom as doubly bound oxygen atom or as unsubstituted hydroxy radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/38—One sulfur atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract
本文提供野生型RET及其抗性突变体的抑制剂、包含所述化合物的药物组合物、以及使用所述化合物和组合物的方法。
Description
本申请是2016年11月1日递交的申请号为201680076816.X,发明名称为“RET的抑制剂”的分案申请。
本发明涉及对野生型RET及其抗性突变体有活性的RET抑制剂。
优先权要求
本申请要求享有于2105年11月2日提交的U.S.S.N.62/249,784和2016年7月28日提交的U.S.S.N.62/367,960的优先权,其各自以其整体并入本文。
背景
RET(在转染期间经重排)是一种受体酪氨酸激酶,其激活涉及细胞增殖和存活的多个下游途径。RET融合蛋白与若干癌症有关,包括乳头状甲状腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。对激酶融合蛋白表达图谱的基因组学分析鉴定了乳腺癌和结肠癌患者样本中的RET融合蛋白,从而为在多个患者亚群中使用RET抑制剂提供了治疗原理。
RET融合蛋白鉴定为某些癌症的驱动因素推动了使用具有RET抑制活性的经批准的多激酶抑制剂来治疗其肿瘤表达RET融合蛋白的患者。然而,这些药物不能总是以足以抑制RET所需的水平给药,这是由于除RET以外的靶标的抑制所致的毒性。此外,治疗癌症的最大挑战之一是肿瘤细胞对治疗产生抗性的能力。激酶经由突变被重新激活是一种常见的耐药机制。当发生耐药时,患者的治疗选择通常非常有限,并且在大多数情况下癌症进展、不受抑制。因此,需要抑制RET以及其抗性突变体的化合物。
概述
本发明提供了RET和RET突变体、例如RET抗性突变体(如本文所定义)的抑制剂,例如,结构式(I)的抑制剂及其药学上可接受的盐和组合物。本发明还提供了使用本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和组合物来抑制细胞或患者中RET或RET突变体的活性的方法。本发明还进一步提供了使用本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和组合物来治疗患有由异常RET活性介导的病状(例如,癌症)的受试者的方法。
一方面,本发明的特征为结构式(A)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中环A、X1、X2、Y1、Y2、R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R8b、R9、m、n、o和
另一方面,本发明提供了药物组合物,其包含结构式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载体。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种抑制细胞或患者中的RET活性的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括使细胞接触或向患者施用结构式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物的步骤。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种治疗患有由异常RET活性介导的病状的受试者的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种治疗对癌症治疗产生抗性的受试者的方法。在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的结构式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物。
本发明的实施方案
化合物
一方面,本发明的特征为具有结构式(A)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
环A是芳基或杂芳基环;
X1和X2各自独立地选自N和C(R6);
Y1和Y2各自独立地选自-CH2-和-O-,其中Y1或Y2中不超过一个是-O-;
各R1和各R7独立地选自C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤基、C1-C6杂烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、芳烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、硝基、氰基、-C(O)R、-OC(O)R、-C(O)OR、-(C1-C6亚烷基)-C(O)R、-SR、-S(O)2R、-S(O)2-N(R)(R)、-(C1-C6亚烷基)-S(O)2R、-(C1-C6亚烷基)-S(O)2-N(R)(R)、-N(R)(R)、-C(O)-N(R)(R)、-N(R)-C(O)R、-N(R)-C(O)OR、-(C1-C6亚烷基)-N(R)-C(O)R、-N(R)S(O)2R和-P(O)(R)(R);其中烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、杂烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、芳烷基、杂环基和杂环基烷基各自独立地被0-5次出现的Ra取代;或两个R1或两个R7与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成独立地被0-5次出现的Rb取代的环烷基或杂环基环;
R2(当存在时)、R3a、R3b、R4、R8a和R8b(当存在时)各自独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤基、羟基、C1-C6杂烷基和-N(R)(R);其中各烷基、烷氧基和杂烷基任选且独立地被0-5次出现的Ra取代;
R5和R9各自独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基和C1-C6杂烷基;其中各烷基和杂烷基任选且独立地被0-5次出现的Ra取代;
各R6独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤基、C1-C6杂烷基和-N(R)(R);其中各烷基、烷氧基和杂烷基任选且独立地被0-5次出现的Ra取代;
各R独立地选自氢、羟基、卤基、硫醇、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6硫代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6杂烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和杂环基烷基,其中烷基、硫代烷基、烷氧基、杂烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和杂环基烷基各自独立地被0-5次出现的Ra取代,或者2个R1与它们所连接的原子一起形成独立地被0-5次出现的Rb取代的环烷基或杂环基环;
各Ra和各Rb独立地选自C1-C6烷基、卤基、羟基、C1-C6杂烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基或氰基,其中烷基、杂烷基、烷氧基、环烷基和杂环基各自独立地被0-5次出现的R'取代;
各R’独立地选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6杂烷基、卤基、羟基、环烷基或氰基;或者2个R’与它们所连接的原子一起形成环烷基或杂环基环;
m为0、1或2;
n为0、1、2或3;
在一些实施方案中,化合物是具有式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R8b、R9、R、Ra、Rb、R'、m和n各自如针对式A化合物所述。
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R9、R、Ra、Rb、R'、m和n各自如针对式A化合物所述。
在式A、I、Ia或Ib中任一个的一些实施方案中,R1位于5位处。在一些实施方案中,R1位于4位处。在一些实施方案中,R1为C1-C4烷基,其任选被0-3次出现的Ra取代。在一些实施方案中,m为1或2。在一些实施方案中,m为1。在一些实施方案中,m为1;R1位于5位处;且R1为C1-C4烷基,其任选被0-3次出现的Ra取代。在一些实施方案中,R1为-CH3。
在式I或Ia的一些实施方案中,R2选自氢、羟基、卤基和O-C1-C4烷基。在一些实施方案中,R2选自氢、羟基、氟和-OCH3。
在式A、I、Ia或Ib中任一个的一些实施方案中,R3a、R3b、R8a和R8b(其仅存在于式I或Ia中)独立地选自氢和C1-C4烷基,其任选被0-3次出现的Ra取代。在一些实施方案中,R3a、R3b、R8a和R8b各自独立地选自氢和-CH3。在一些实施方案中,R3a和R3b或R8a和R8b中的至少一对同时为氢。
在式A、I、Ia或Ib中任一个的一些实施方案中,R4选自氢、C1-C4烷基和O-C1-C4烷基,其中R4的每个烷基部分任选被0-3次出现的Ra取代。在一些实施方案中,R4选自氢、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-OCH3和-OCH2CH3。
在式A、I、Ia或Ib中任一个的一些实施方案中,R5选自氢和C1-C4烷基,其任选被0-3次出现的Ra取代。在一些实施方案中,R5选自氢和-CH3。
在式A、I、Ia或Ib中任一个的一些实施方案中,各R6独立地选自氢、卤基和C1-C4烷基,其任选被0-3次出现的Ra取代。在一些实施方案中,各R6独立地选自氢、氯和-CH3。在一些实施方案中,不多于一个R6不是氢。
在式A、I、Ia或Ib中任一个的一些实施方案中,R7是任选被0-3次出现的Rb取代的杂芳基。在一些实施方案中,R7选自4-氟吡唑-1-基、4-氯吡唑-1-基、吡唑-1-基和3,5-二甲基吡唑-1-基,它们任选地被0-3次出现的Rb取代。在一些实施方案中,R7是任选被0-3次出现的Rb取代的吡唑-1-基。在一些实施方案中,n为1.在一些实施方案中,n为1;且R7是任选被0-3次出现的Rb取代的吡唑-1-基。
在式A、I、Ia或Ib中任一个的一些实施方案中,R9选自氢和C1-C4烷基,其任选被0-3次出现的Ra取代。在一些实施方案中,R9为氢。在一些实施方案中,R9为C1-C4烷基。在一些实施方案中,R5和R9都为氢。
在一些实施方案中,化合物是具有结构式(Ic)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R8b、R9、m和n如针对式(A)所定义。
在一些实施方案中,化合物是具有结构式(Id)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R8b、R9、m和n如针对式(A)所定义。
在一些实施方案中,化合物是具有结构式Ie的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R9、m和n如针对式(A)所定义。
在一些实施方案中,化合物是具有结构式(If)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R9、m和n如针对式(A)所定义。
另一方面,本发明的特征为具有结构式(II)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X1选自N、CH和C(卤基);
X2选自N和CH;
X3选自N和CH;
R12选自氢、羟基、卤基和O-C1-C4烷基;
R13a、R13b、R18a和R18b各自独立地选自氢和C1-C4烷基;
R14选自氢、-C1-C4烷基和-O-C1-C4烷基;
R15选自氢和-C1-C4烷基;
R16选自氢和-C1-C4烷基;
R17b选自氢和卤基;并且
R17a和R17c独立地选自氢和-C1-C4烷基。
在一些实施方案中,X1选自N、CH和C(Cl);X2选自N和CH;X3选自N和CH;R12选自氢、羟基、氟和-O-CH3;R13a、R13b、R18a和R18b各自独立地选自氢、甲基和乙基;且其中R13a和R13b或R18a和R18b中的至少一对同时为氢;R14选自氢、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-OCH3和-OCH2CH3;R15选自氢和-CH3;R16选自氢和-CH3;R17b选自氢、氯和氟;R17a和R17c同时为氢或-CH3,其中当R17a和R17c同时为-CH3时,R17b为氢。
在一些实施方案中,化合物是具有结构式(IIa)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中X1、X2、X3、R12、R13a、R13b、R14、R15、R16、R17a、R17b、R17c、R18a和R18b如针对式(II)所定义。
在一些实施方案中,化合物是具有结构式(IIb)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中X1、X2、X3、R12、R13a、R13b、R14、R15、R16、R17a、R17b、R17c、R18a和R18b如针对式(II)所定义。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供了式IIIa或式IIIb的化合物:或其药学上可接受的盐,其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R8b、R9、R、Ra、Rb、R'、m和n各自如针对式A化合物所述,包括每个上述变量的更具体的实施方案和方面。
在式IIIb的一些实施方案中,化合物具有式IIIb-1:或其药学上可接受的盐,其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R8b、R9、R、Ra、Rb、R'、m和n各自如针对式A化合物所述,包括每个上述变量的更具体的实施方案和方面。
在式IIIb的一些实施方案中,化合物具有式IIIb-2:或其药学上可接受的盐,其中环A、X1、X2、R1、R2、R3a、R3b、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8a、R8b、R9、R、Ra、Rb、R'、m和n各自如针对式A化合物所述,包括每个上述变量的更具体的实施方案和方面。
在式IIIa、IIIb、IIIb-1和IIIb-2的一些实施方案中,X1和X2各自为C(R6)。在这些实施方案的一个方面中,X1和X2各自为CH。
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R12、R13a、R13b、R14、R15、R16、R17a、R17b、R17c、R18a和R18b如针对式II所定义,包括每个上述变量的更具体的实施方案和方面。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的特征为选自表1中的任何化合物的化合物。
另一方面,本发明的特征为一种药物组合物,其包含本文所述的式A、I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id、II、IIa、IIb、IIIa、IIIb、IIIb-1、IIIb-2、IIIb-3或IIIb-4(例如,表1中的化合物)或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的载体。
另一方面,本发明的特征为一种抑制细胞或患者中的RET活性的方法,所述方法包括使细胞接触或向患者施用本文所述的化合物(例如,表1中的化合物)或其药学上可接受的盐、或其药物组合物。
另一方面,本发明的特征为一种治疗患有由异常RET活性介导的病状的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的本文所述的化合物(例如,表1中的化合物)或其药学上可接受的盐、或其药物组合物。
另一方面,本发明的特征为一种治疗已对癌症治疗产生抗性的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的本文所述的化合物(例如,表1中的化合物)或其药学上可接受的盐、或其药物组合物。
定义
如本文所用,术语“患者”、“受试者”、“个体”和“宿主”是指患有或疑似患有与异常RET表达(即,由通过RET的信号传导引起的RET活性增加)或生物活性相关的疾病或病症的人或非人动物。
“治疗(treat)”和“治疗(treating)”这种疾病或病症是指改善疾病或病症的至少一种症状。这些术语当与如癌症的病状结合使用时,指的是以下一种或多种:阻止癌症生长、造成癌症在重量或体积上缩小、延长患者的预期存活时间、抑制肿瘤生长、减小肿瘤块、减少转移病灶的大小或数量、抑制新转移病灶的发展、延长存活期、延长无进展存活期、延长至进展的时间和/或提高生活质量。
术语“治疗效果”是指通过施用本发明的化合物或组合物在动物、特别是在哺乳动物、更特别是在人中产生有益的局部或全身作用。短语“治疗有效量”是指以合理的效益/风险比有效治疗由RET的过度表达或异常RET生物活性引起的疾病或病状的本发明化合物或组合物的量。这种物质的治疗有效量将根据所治疗的受试者和疾病状况、受试者的体重和年龄、疾病状况的严重程度、施用方式等而变化,所述治疗有效量可易于由本领域技术人员确定。
如本文所用,“产生抗性”意指当首次将药物施用于患者时,患者的症状改善,无论是通过肿瘤体积的减小、新病灶数量的减少抑或医生用以判断疾病进展的一些其它手段所测量;然而,这些症状不再改善,甚至在某些时候会恶化。据说那时患者便对该药物产生了抗性。
“脂族基团”是指直链、支链或环状烃基,包括饱和及不饱和基团,如烷基、烯基和炔基。
“亚烷基”是指烷基的二价基团,例如,-CH2-、-CH2CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2-。
“烯基”是指含有至少一个双键的脂族基团。
“烷氧基(alkoxyl)”或“烷氧基(alkoxy)”是指其上连接有氧基的烷基。代表性烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、叔丁氧基等。术语“卤代烷氧基”是指其中一个或多个氢原子被卤基取代的烷氧基,并且包括其中所有氢都被卤基取代的烷氧基部分(例如,全氟烷氧基)。
“烷基”是指饱和直链或支链烃的一价基团,如1-12、1-10或1-6个碳原子的直链或支链基团,在本文中分别称为C1-C12烷基、C1-C10烷基和C1-C6烷基。示例性烷基包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、2-甲基-1-丙基、2-甲基-2-丙基、2-甲基-1-丁基、3-甲基-1-丁基、2-甲基-3-丁基、2,2-二甲基-1-丙基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3-甲基-1-戊基、4-甲基-1-戊基、2-甲基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、2,2-二甲基-1-丁基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁基、2-乙基-1-丁基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等。
“亚烯基”是指具有两个连接点的烯基。例如,“亚乙烯基”表示基团-CH=CH-。亚烯基也可呈未取代的形式或具有一个或多个取代基的取代形式。
“炔基”是指含有2-12个碳原子且特征为具有一个或多个三键的直链或支链烃链。炔基的实例包括但不限于乙炔基、炔丙基和3-己炔基。三键碳中的一个可以任选地为炔基取代基的连接点。
“亚炔基”是指具有两个连接点的炔基。例如,“亚乙炔基”表示基团-C≡C-。亚炔基也可呈未取代的形式或具有一个或多个取代基的取代形式。
“芳环系统”是本领域公认的并且是指单环、双环或多环烃环系统,其中至少一个环是芳族的。
“芳基”是指芳环系统的一价基团。代表性芳基包括全芳环系统,如苯基、萘基和蒽基;及其中芳族碳环与一个或多个非芳族碳环稠合的环系统,如茚满基、邻苯二甲酰亚胺基、萘基亚胺基或四氢萘基等等。
“芳基烷基”或“芳烷基”是指其中烷基氢原子被芳基取代的烷基部分。芳烷基包括其中多于一个氢原子被芳基取代的基团。“芳基烷基”或“芳烷基”的实例包括苄基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、9-芴基、二苯甲基和三苯甲基。
“芳氧基”是指-O-(芳基),其中杂芳基部分如本文所定义。
“卤基”是指任何卤素的基团,例如,-F、-Cl、-Br或-I。
“杂烷基”是指任选被取代的烷基,其具有一个或多个选自除碳以外的原子的骨架链原子,例如,氧、氮、硫、磷或其组合。可以给出数值范围,例如,C1-C6杂烷基,其是指链中的碳数目,在此实例中包括1至6个碳原子。例如,-CH2OCH2CH3基团被称为“C3”杂烷基。与分子其余部分的连接可以通过杂烷基链中的杂原子或碳。“杂亚烷基”是指任选被取代的二价烷基,其具有一个或多个选自除碳以外的原子的骨架链原子,例如,氧、氮、硫、磷或其组合。
“碳环系统”是指单环、二环或多环烃环系统,其中每个环是完全饱和的或含有一个或多个不饱和单元,但其中环都不是芳族的。
“碳环基”是指碳环系统的一价基团。代表性碳环基包括环烷基(例如,环戊基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等)和环烯基(例如,环戊烯基、环己烯基、环戊二烯基等)。
“环烷基”是指具有3至12个碳的环状、双环、三环或多环非芳族烃基。任何可取代的环原子都可被取代(例如,被一个或多个取代基取代)。环烷基可含有稠环或螺环。稠环是具有共同的碳原子的环。环烷基部分的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环己基、甲基环己基、金刚烷基和降冰片基。
“环烷基烷基”是指其中环烷基和烷基如本文所公开的-(环烷基)-烷基。“环烷基烷基”通过环烷基与母体分子结构键合。
“杂芳环系统”是本领域公认的并且是指单环、双环或多环系统,其中至少一个环既为芳族的又包含至少一个杂原子(例如,N、O或S);且其中其它环都不是杂环基(如下所定义)。在某些情况下,作为芳族的且包含杂原子的环在所述环中含有1、2、3或4个环杂原子。
“杂芳基”是指杂芳环系统的一价基团。代表性杂芳基包括环系统,其中(i)每个环包含杂原子并且是芳族的,例如,咪唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、三唑基、吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吲嗪基、嘌呤基、萘啶基和蝶啶基;(ii)每个环为芳族或碳环基,至少一个芳环包含杂原子且至少一个其它环为烃环或例如吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基(phthalazinyl)、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、咔唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、吡啶并[2,3-b]-1,4-噁嗪-3-(4H)-酮、5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉基和5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉基;及(iii)每个环为芳族或碳环基,且至少一个芳环与另一个芳环共享桥头杂原子,例如,4H-喹嗪基。
“杂环系统”是指单环、双环和多环系统,其中至少一个环是饱和的或部分不饱和的(但非芳族的)且该环包含至少一个杂原子。杂环系统可连接至任何杂原子或碳原子处的侧基,这产生了稳定的结构并且任一环原子可任选地被取代。
“杂环基”是指杂环系统的一价基团。代表性杂环基包括以下环系统,其中(i)每个环为非芳族的且至少一个环包含杂原子,例如,四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻吩基、吡咯烷基、吡咯烷酮基、哌啶基、吡咯啉基、十氢喹啉基、噁唑烷基、哌嗪基、二噁烷基、二氧戊环基、二吖庚因基、噁吖庚因基、噻吖庚因基、吗啉基和奎宁环基;(ii)至少一个环是非芳族的且包含杂原子并且至少一个其它环是芳族碳环,例如,1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基;及(iii)至少一个环是非芳族的且包含杂原子并且至少一个其它环是芳族的且包含杂原子,例如,3,4-二氢-1H-吡喃并[4,3-c]吡啶和1,2,3,4-四氢-2,6-二氮杂萘。
“杂环基烷基”是指被杂环基取代的烷基。
“氰基”是指-CN基团。
“硝基”是指-NO2。
“羟基(Hydroxy)”或“羟基(hydroxyl)”是指-OH。
如本文所用,每个表达的定义,例如,当烷基、m、n等在任何结构中多次出现时,意图独立于其在相同结构中的别处的定义。
本发明的某些化合物可以特定的几何或立体异构形式存在。本发明考虑到所有这些化合物,包括其顺式和反式异构体、R-和S-对映异构体、非对映异构体、(D)-异构体、(L)-异构体、外消旋混合物及它们的其它混合物都落在本发明的范围内。另外的不对称碳原子可存在于取代基如烷基中。所有这些异构体以及它们的混合物都旨在包括于本发明中。
例如,如果需要本发明化合物的特定对映异构体,那么其可通过不对称合成或通过用手性助剂衍生化而制备,其中将所得非对映异构体混合物分离并将辅助基团裂解以提供纯的所需对映异构体。或者,在分子含有碱性官能团如氨基或酸性官能团如羧基的情况下,用合适的光学活性酸或碱形成非对映异构体盐,接着通过分步结晶或本领域公知的色谱手段拆分由此形成的非对映异构体,并随后回收纯的对映异构体。
除非另有说明,当所公开的化合物由结构命名或描述而没有指定立体化学结构且具有一个或多个手性中心时,应理解为代表该化合物的所有可能的立体异构体及其对映异构体混合物。
组合物的“对映异构体过量”或“对映异构体过量%”可使用下面所示的等式来计算。在下面所示的实例中,组合物含有90%的一种对映异构体(例如,S对映异构体)和10%的另一种对映异构体(即,R对映异构体)。
ee=(90-10)/100=80%
因此,含有90%的一种对映异构体和10%的另一种对映异构体的组合物据称具有80%的对映异构体过量。
本文所述的化合物或组合物可含有至少50%、75%、90%、95%或99%一种形式的化合物(例如,S-对映异构体)的对映异构体过量。换言之,此类化合物或组合物含有对映异构体过量的S对映异构体超过R对映异构体。
本文所述的化合物也可在构成所述化合物的一个或多个原子处含有非天然比例的原子同位素。例如,所述化合物可用放射性同位素(例如像氘(2H)、氚(3H)、碳-13(13C)或碳-14(14C))放射性标记。本文所公开的化合物的所有同位素变型,无论是否为放射性的,均涵盖在本发明的范围内。另外,本文描述的化合物的所有互变异构形式都旨在落入本发明的范围内。
所述化合物可适用作游离碱或盐。代表性盐包括氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、戊酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、硬脂酸盐、月桂酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、萘甲酸盐、甲磺酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、乳糖酸盐和月桂基磺酸盐等。(参见,例如Berge等人(1977)“Pharmaceutical Salts”,J.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19。)
如本文所述,本发明化合物可含有“任选被取代的”部分。通常,无论前面有无术语“任选地”,术语“取代的”意指指定部分的一个或多个氢被合适的取代基取代。除非另有说明,“任选取代的”基团可在基团的每个可取代的位置处具有合适的取代基,且当可用超过一个选自指定基团的取代基取代任何给定结构中的超过一个位置时,每个位置上的取代基可以相同或不同。由本发明所设想的取代基的组合优选为使得形成稳定或化学上可行的化合物的那些。如本文所用,术语“稳定的”是指当经受允许化合物制备、检测及在某些实施方案中其回收、纯化和用于本文所公开的一个或多个目的的条件时实质上未改变的化合物。
任选取代的烷基、亚烷基、杂烷基、杂亚烷基、碳环基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的合适的取代基包括卤素、=O、-CN、-ORc、-NRdRe、-S(O)kRc、-NRcS(O)2Rc、-S(O)2NRdRe、-C(=O)ORc、-OC(=O)ORc,-OC(=O)Rc、-OC(=S)ORc、-C(=S)ORc、-O(C=S)Rc、-C(=O)NRdRe、-NRcC(=O)Rc、-C(=S)NRdRe、-NRcC(=S)Rc、-NRc(C=O)ORc、-O(C=O)NRdRe、-NRc(C=S)ORc、-O(C=S)NRdRe、-NRc(C=O)NRdRe、-NRc(C=S)NRdRe、-C(=S)Rc、-C(=O)Rc、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6杂烷基、碳环基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-碳环基、(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-碳环基、杂环基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-杂环基、(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-杂环基、芳基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-芳基、(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-芳基、杂芳基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-杂芳基或(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-杂芳基,其中所述烷基、亚烷基、杂烷基、杂亚烷基、碳环基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基各自任选地被以下一个或多个取代:卤素、ORc、-NO2、-CN、-NRcC(=O)Rc、-NRdRe、-S(O)kRc、-C(=O)ORc、-C(=O)NRdRe、-C(=O)Rc、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基或C1-C6杂烷基,且其中RC为氢、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6杂烷基、碳环基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-碳环基、(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-碳环基、杂环基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-杂环基、(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-杂环基、芳基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-芳基、(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-芳基、杂芳基、(C1-C6-亚烷基)-杂芳基或(C1-C6-杂亚烷基)-杂芳基,其各自任选被以下一个或多个取代:卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6杂烷基、碳环基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基;Rd和Re各自独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6杂烷基;且k为0、1或2。本发明无意以任何方式受上面示例性的取代基列表所限制。
表1.本发明的示例性化合物
这些化合物的药学上可接受的盐也被考虑用于本文所述的用途。
“药学上可接受的盐”是指保留其生物学性质并且对药物用途无毒或在其它方面没有不良作用的本发明化合物的任何盐。药学上可接受的盐可衍生自本领域公知并且包括的各种有机和无机抗衡离子。这些盐包括:(1)与以下有机或无机酸形成的酸加成盐:如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、氨基磺酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、己酸、环戊基丙酸、乙醇酸、戊二酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、山梨酸、抗坏血酸、苹果酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、3-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸、苦味酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、月桂酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、1,2-乙烷-二磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、苯磺酸、4-氯苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-甲苯磺酸、樟脑酸、樟脑磺酸、4-甲基双环[2.2.2]-辛-2-烯-1-甲酸、葡庚糖酸、3-苯基丙酸、三甲基乙酸、叔丁基乙酸、月桂基硫酸、葡糖酸、苯甲酸、谷氨酸、羟基萘甲酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、环己基氨基磺酸、奎宁酸、粘康酸等类似酸;或(2)当存在于母体化合物中的酸性质子出现以下情况时形成的盐:(a)被金属离子取代,例如,碱金属离子、碱土金属离子或铝离子、或碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化锂、氢氧化锌和氢氧化钡、氨;或(b)与以下各物配位:有机碱,如脂族、脂环族、或芳族有机胺,如氨、甲胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、甲基吡啶、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、乙二胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、鸟氨酸、胆碱、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、二乙醇胺、普鲁卡因、N-苄基苯乙胺、N-甲基葡糖胺哌嗪、三(羟甲基)-氨基甲烷、四甲基氢氧化铵等。仅举例来说,药学上可接受的盐还包括钠、钾、钙、镁、铵、四烷基铵等,并且当化合物含有碱性官能团时,包括无毒有机或无机酸的盐,如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、草酸盐等。
药物组合物
本发明的药物组合物包含一种或多种本发明化合物和一种或多种生理学或药学上可接受的载体。术语“药学上可接受的载体”是指涉及携带或运输任何主题组合物或其组分的药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒介物,如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包封材料。每种载体在与主题组合物及其组分相容且对患者无害的意义上必须是“可接受的”。可用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包括:(1)糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;(2)淀粉,如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;(3)纤维素及其衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;(4)粉末状黄蓍胶;(5)麦芽;(6)明胶;(7)滑石;(8)赋形剂,如可可脂和栓剂蜡;(9)油类,如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;(10)二醇类,如丙二醇;(11)多元醇类,如甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露醇和聚乙二醇;(12)酯类,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;(13)琼脂;(14)缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;(15)海藻酸;(16)无热原水;(17)等渗盐水;(18)林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution);(19)乙醇;(20)磷酸盐缓冲溶液;及(21)药物制剂中使用的其它无毒相容性物质。
本发明的组合物可经口、肠胃外、通过吸入喷雾、局部、直肠、鼻腔、口颊、阴道或通过植入式贮库来施用。如本文所用的术语“肠胃外”包括皮下、静脉内、肌内、关节内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、肝内、病灶内以及颅内注射或输注技术。在一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物通过口服、腹膜内或静脉内来施用。本发明组合物的无菌可注射形式可为水性或油性混悬剂。这些混悬剂可根据本领域已知的技术,使用合适的分散剂或润湿剂和助悬剂来配制。无菌可注射的制剂也可为在无毒肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液剂或混悬剂,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液剂。可接受的媒介物和溶剂中可以使用的是水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,通常采用无菌不挥发性油作为溶剂或悬浮介质。
为此目的,可使用任何温和的不挥发性油,包括合成的甘油一酯或甘油二酯。脂肪酸如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物适用于制备注射剂,天然的药学上可接受的油如橄榄油或蓖麻油也一样,尤其是其聚氧乙烯化形式。这些油溶液剂或混悬剂还可含有长链醇稀释剂或分散剂,如羧甲基纤维素或通常用于配制药学上可接受的剂型(包括乳剂和混悬剂)的类似分散剂。其它常用的表面活性剂,如Tween、Spans及其它常用于制备药学上可接受的固体、液体或其它剂型的乳化剂或生物利用度增强剂也可用于配制目的。
本发明的药学上可接受的组合物可以任何口服可接受的剂型经口施用,口服可接受的剂型包括但不限于胶囊、片剂、水性混悬剂或溶液剂。在供经口使用的片剂的情况下,常用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。通常还添加润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁。对于胶囊形式的经口施用,有用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干燥的玉米淀粉。当口服需要水性混悬剂时,将活性成分与乳化剂和助悬剂合并。如果需要,也可以加入某些甜味剂、调味剂或着色剂。
或者,本发明的药学上可接受的组合物可以供直肠给药的栓剂形式施用。这些组合物可通过将试剂与合适的非刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,所述赋形剂在室温下是固体,但在直肠温度下是液体且因此将在直肠中融化释放出药物。这种材料包括可可油、蜂蜡和聚乙二醇。
本发明的药学上可接受的组合物也可局部应用,特别是当治疗目标包括通过局部施用容易接近的区域或器官时,包括眼睛、皮肤或下肠道的疾病。容易为这些区域或器官中的每个制备合适的局部制剂。针对下肠道的局部应用可用直肠栓剂(参见上文)或用合适的灌肠剂来进行。也可使用局部透皮贴剂。
对于局部应用,可将药学上可接受的组合物配制成含有悬浮或溶解于一种或多种载体中的活性组分的合适的软膏剂。用于局部施用本发明化合物的载体包括但不限于矿物油、液体凡士林、白凡士林、丙二醇、聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯化合物、乳化蜡和水。或者,可将药学上可接受的组合物配制成含有悬浮或溶解于一种或多种药学上可接受的载体中的活性组分的合适的洗剂或霜剂。合适的载体包括但不限于矿物油、单硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚山梨酯60、鲸蜡基酯蜡、鲸蜡硬脂醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、苄醇和水。
本发明的药学上可接受的组合物还可通过鼻用气雾剂或吸入剂来施用。这些组合物根据药物制剂领域熟知的技术制备,并且可使用苄醇或其它合适的防腐剂、提高生物利用度的吸收促进剂、碳氟化合物和/或其它常规增溶剂或分散剂在盐水中制备成溶液。
可与载体材料组合以生成呈单一剂型的组合物的本发明化合物的量将随所治疗的宿主和具体的施用模式而改变。
剂量
本发明化合物(包括药学上可接受的盐和氘化变体)的毒性和治疗功效可通过细胞培养物或实验动物中的标准药物程序来确定。LD50是50%群体致死的剂量。ED50是在50%群体中治疗有效的剂量。毒性作用与治疗效果之间的剂量比率(LD50/ED50)是治疗指数。展现大治疗指数的化合物是优选的。虽然可以使用表现毒副作用的化合物,但应小心设计使这些化合物靶向受影响组织的部位的递送系统,以便使对未受感染的细胞的潜在损伤减到最低,并由此降低副作用。
可在配制用于人的剂量范围中使用由细胞培养测定和动物研究获得的数据。此类化合物的剂量可落在包括ED50且几乎没有或没有毒性的循环浓度范围内。剂量可取决于所采用的剂型和所利用的施用途径而在这个范围内变化。对于任何化合物,治疗有效量可从细胞培养测定初步评估。可在动物模型中配制剂量以获得包括如在细胞培养中所确定的IC50(即,实现症状的半数最大抑制的测试化合物浓度)的循环血浆浓度范围。这种信息可用于更准确地测定在人类中有用的剂量。血浆水平可例如通过高效液相色谱来测量。
还应理解,对于任何具体患者的特定剂量和治疗方案将根据以下多种因素而变化,包括所用特定化合物的活性、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、排泄率、药物组合、以及主治医师的判断和所治疗的具体疾病的严重程度。组合物中本发明化合物的量也将取决于组合物中的具体化合物。
治疗
RET融合蛋白在几种类型的癌症中有所涉及。通常,这些RET融合蛋白具有与野生型RET相同的RET激酶结构域;因此,如本文所用,具有与野生型RET相同激酶结构域的任何RET蛋白将被称为“野生型RET”。突变可发生在RET激酶结构域中,导致RET的抗性突变体。
以下示出了经批准或开发用于RET相关病状的示例性化合物的活性。如所示,这些化合物对野生型RET有活性,但对突变形式的活性要低得多。
本发明提供了抑制野生型RET和RET突变体的化合物,例如,对当前标准护理治疗具有抗性的RET突变体(“RET抗性突变体”)。另外,相对于其它激酶,本发明化合物对野生型RET可有选择性,从而导致与抑制其它激酶相关的毒性降低。
可使用结构生物学和计算分析以及通过检查其中序列变化产生用于不同氨基酸的密码子的密码子序列来预测突变。使用这样的方法,预测RET抗性突变体在RET蛋白的804看门残基处和/或在看门残基处或附近的残基处具有点突变。在一些实施方案中,突变可以在804、806、810、865、870、891和918残基中的一个或多个处。RET抗性突变体的具体实例包括:V804L、V804M、V804E、Y806C、Y806S、Y806H、Y806N、G810R、G810S、L865V、L870F、S891A和M918T突变体。
由施用特定抑制剂(例如,已知的RET野生型抑制剂)产生的突变可通过将细胞暴露于突变促进剂如ENU而以实验方式来确定。将细胞洗涤,然后用递增浓度(2-100X增殖IC50)的所选化合物铺板。3-4周后收集细胞向外生长的孔。然后对RET激酶结构域进行测序以鉴定抗性突变(即保留酶活性的RET蛋白的改变形式)。通过将这些细胞暴露于所选化合物可以证实抗性。经实验鉴定的抗性突变体包括V804L、V804E、V804M和Y806H突变体。
由于它们对野生型RET和突变RET的活性,所以本文所述的化合物可用于治疗患有与RET异常活性相关的病状的患者。它们还可用来治疗各种癌症。在一些实施方案中,癌症选自乳头状甲状腺癌(PTC)、甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)、嗜铬细胞瘤(PC)、胰腺导管腺癌、多发性内分泌瘤(MEN2A和MEN2B)、转移性乳腺癌、睾丸癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、慢性骨髓单核细胞性白血病、结直肠癌、卵巢癌和唾液腺癌。
所述化合物还可用于治疗对野生型RET抑制剂产生抗性的患者或具有特定的RET突变体的患者。所述方法包括施用对一种或多种RET抗性突变体有活性的本发明的化合物或组合物的步骤。在某些实施方案中,RET抗性突变体选自V804L、V804M、V804E、Y806C、Y806S、Y806N、Y806H、G810R、G810S、L865V、L870F、S891A和M918T。“活性”意味着化合物当在生物化学测定中测量时具有小于1μM、500nM、250nM、100nM、75nM、50nM、25nM、10nM或5nM的针对至少一种抗性突变体的IC50。
本文所述的化合物和组合物可单独施用或与其它化合物(包括其它RET调节化合物)或其它治疗剂组合施用。在一些实施方案中,本发明的化合物或组合物可与一种或多种选自以下的化合物组合施用:卡博替尼(COMETRIQ)、凡德他尼(CALPRESA)、索拉非尼(NEXAVAR)、舒尼替尼(SUTENT)、雷格拉非尼(STAVARGA)、普纳替尼(ICLUSIG)、贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)、克唑替尼(XALKORI)或吉非替尼(IRESSA)。本发明的化合物或组合物可通过相同或不同给药途径与其它治疗剂同时或相继施用。本发明的化合物可与其它治疗剂一起包含在单一制剂中或在单独的制剂中。
实施例
以下实施例旨在说明,并不意味着以任何方式进行限制。
本发明的化合物(包括其盐和N-氧化物)可使用已知的有机合成技术来制备,并且可根据许多可能的合成路线中的任一个来合成,例如下文和实施例中的合成方案中的那些。以下方案意在提供关于制备本发明化合物的一般指导。本领域技术人员将理解,可使用有机化学的一般知识来修改或优化方案中所示的制备物以制备本发明的各种化合物。
合成方案1:
芳基二卤化物可用卤化有机锂或卤化有机镁试剂(如n-BuLi或i-PrMgCl)处理,然后可将芳基金属试剂加入到酯取代的环己酮(可商购获得或如“酮和硼酸酯中间体的合成”中所述制备)中。剩余的卤化物可接着在SnAr条件或金属催化的偶合条件下与芳胺进行偶合反应,得到三环酯中间体。然后酯可在碱性条件下水解成酸,随后可与胺(可商购获得或如“胺中间体的合成”中所述制备)进行酰胺偶合反应。酰胺是本文所述的RET抑制剂的实例,但也可进一步被修饰。例如,叔醇可用氟化试剂如DAST处理以得到脱氧氟化产物和脱水产物的混合物。脱水产物可在典型的氢化条件如Pd和H2或者Pd和甲酸铵下被还原,得到还原产物,该产物也是RET抑制剂的实例。
合成方案2:
杂芳基二卤化物可在亲核芳族取代反应条件下使用碱如二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)或三乙胺(TEA)在极性溶剂中偶合至氨基吡唑以提供双环系统。双环杂芳基卤化物然后可通过钯介导的偶合反应(例如,Suzuki、Stille、Negishi偶合)偶合到硼、锡或锌烯基或烷基试剂上,以提供三环系统。例如,在合成方案2中,可在Suzuki偶合反应条件下(X=卤基,例如,氯;且M=B(OR)2)将双环杂芳基卤化物偶合至多种酯取代的环己烯基硼酸酯(可商购获得或在标题“乙烯基硼酸酯的合成”下所述的那些),以提供三环羧酸酯中间体。然后可在酸性或碱性条件下水解羧酸酯,得到羧酸中间体。随后可将羧酸中间体偶合到各种胺中间体上,如实施例9中所述的那些,以提供酰胺终产物。
合成方案3:
用活化的锌处理取代的环烷基碘(可商购获得或如“碘化物中间体的合成”中所述制备)。然后通过各种方法活化锌,包括但不限于Reike方法或用TMS-Cl和1,2-二溴乙烷处理。环烷基锌试剂可接着在Negishi偶合条件下在钯催化下偶合至杂芳基卤化物。然后可通过以下步骤将所得产物的硫甲基转化为氯化物:氧化成砜,在酸性条件下水解,并用POCl3或草酰氯进行氯化。随后可在SnAr条件或钯介导的偶合条件下,用芳基胺置换杂芳基氯化物。接着可在酸性或碱性条件下水解三环羧酸酯以提供羧酸中间体。然后可将羧酸中间体偶合到多种胺中间体上,如实施例9中所述的那些中间体,以提供酰胺终产物。
合成方案4:
用活化的锌处理取代的环烷基碘(可商购获得或如“碘化物中间体的合成”中所述制备)。可通过多种方法活化锌,包括但不限于Reike方法或用TMS-Cl和1,2-二溴乙烷处理。然后可在Negishi偶合条件下在钯催化下将环烷基锌试剂偶合至杂芳基二卤化物。接着可在SnAr条件或钯介导的偶合条件下,用芳基胺置换所得产物的剩余卤化物基团。芳基胺可以是未受保护的,或吡唑N-H可被如Boc的多种基团保护。然后可在酸性或碱性条件下水解三环羧酸酯以提供羧酸中间体,由此也从吡唑中除去保护基团。随后可将羧酸中间体偶合到多种胺中间体上,如“胺中间体的合成”中所述的那些中间体,以提供酰胺终产物。
用于制备本发明化合物的反应可在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂可易于由有机合成领域的技术人员选择。合适的溶剂在反应进行的温度(例如,温度范围可从溶剂的冷冻温度至溶剂的沸腾温度)下与起始物质(反应物)、中间体或产物基本上不反应。给定的反应可在一种溶剂或多于一种溶剂的混合物中进行。取决于具体的反应步骤,本领域技术人员可选择用于特定反应步骤的合适溶剂。
本发明化合物的制备可涉及各种化学基团的保护和脱保护。本领域技术人员可易于确定对保护和脱保护的需求以及适当保护基团的选择。保护基团的化学性质可见于例如Wuts和Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第5版,John Wiley&Sons:NewJersey,(2014)中,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
可根据本领域已知的任何合适的方法来监测反应。例如,可通过以下方法来监测产物形成:光谱手段,如核磁共振(NMR)光谱(例如,1H或13C)、红外(IR)光谱、分光光度法(例如,UV-可见)、质谱(MS);或色谱方法,如高效液相色谱(HPLC)或薄层色谱(TLC)。用于化合物表征的分析仪器和方法:
LC-MS:除非另有说明,所有液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)数据(针对纯度和特性分析的样品)用Agilent型号-1260LC系统,使用Agilent型号6120型质谱仪,利用装备有AgilentPoroshel 120(EC-C18,2.7μm粒径,3.0×50mm尺寸)反相柱(在22.4℃下)的ES-API电离获得。流动相是由0.1%甲酸的水溶液和0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液混合物组成。利用在4分钟的过程中从95%含水/5%有机至5%含水/95%有机流动相的恒定梯度。流速恒定在1mL/min。
制备型LC-MS:制备型HPLC是在Shimadzu Discovery 制备系统上进行,所述制备系统配备有Luna 5u C18(2)100A,AXIA填充的250x 21.2mm反相柱(在22.4℃下)。流动相是由0.1%甲酸的水溶液和0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液混合物组成。利用在25分钟的过程中从95%含水/5%有机至5%含水/95%有机流动相的恒定梯度。流速恒定在20mL/min。在Biotage Initiator微波单元中进行微波反应。
质子NMR:除非另有说明,所有1H NMR谱均是用Varian 400MHz Unity Inova400MHz NMR仪器(采集时间=3.5秒,1秒延迟;16至64次扫描)获得。在表征中,所有质子均在DMSO-d6溶剂中以相对于残余DMSO(2.50ppm)的百万分率(ppm)报告。
实施例1.化合物109和110的合成。
步骤1:合成(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物109)和(1S,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物110)
将N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己-3-烯甲酰胺(50mg,0.10mmol)和10%Pd/C(20mg)的MeOH(5mL)溶液在H2氛围(1atm)下在环境温度下搅拌1小时。然后将混合物经由硅藻土垫过滤,并且将过滤的溶液浓缩并通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物109;10.0mg,19.9%)和(1S,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物110;24.8mg,49.5%)。MS(ES+)C27H31FN8O理论值:502;实测值:503[M+H]+。
(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物109):1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.66(s,1H),8.82(s,1H),8.68(d,1H,J=4.4Hz),8.39(s,1H),8.35(d,1H,J=6.8Hz),7.92-7.86(m,3H),6.89(s,1H),6.37(s,1H),6.12(s,1H),5.00-4.97(m,1H),2.50-2.44(m,1H),2.40-2.15(m,7H),1.90-1.85(m,4H),1.55-1.45(m,4H),1.40(d,3H,J=6.4Hz)。
(1S,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物110):1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.62(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),8.66(d,1H,J=4.4Hz),8.38(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),8.23(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.93-7.84(m,3H),6.83(s,1H),6.35(s,1H),6.15(s,1H),5.03-5.00(m,1H),2.59-2.50(m,1H),2.50-2.46(m,1H),2.14-2.02(m,6H),2.02-1.84(m,4H),1.63-1.55(m,4H),1.40(d,3H,J=7.6Hz)。
实施例2.化合物112的合成。
步骤1:合成2-氯-6-甲基-N-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)嘧啶-4-胺
将2,4-二氯-6-甲基-嘧啶(120.00g,736.2mmol,1.00eq)、5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-胺(78.65g,0.81mol,1.10eq)和DIPEA(142.72g,1.10mol,1.50eq)在DMSO(400.00mL)中的悬浮液在60℃下加热16小时,此时TLC(PE/EA,5:1,1:1)分析显示反应完成。将反应混合物冷却至30℃,倒入冰水(800mL)中,并将得到的混合物用MTBE(800mL×10)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(400mL×3)、盐水(400mL×3)洗涤并经Na2SO4干燥。过滤后,减压浓缩滤液,并将残余物由DCM(10mL/g)重结晶,得到呈黄色固体状的2-氯-6-甲基-N-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)嘧啶-4-胺(105.60g,472.14mmol,64%)。结构通过LC-MS和NMR证实。
步骤2:合成4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯
将2-氯-6-甲基-N-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)嘧啶-4-胺(0.530g,2.37mmol)、4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)环己-3-烯甲酸乙酯(0.664g,2.37mmol)和碳酸钾(0.819g,5.92mmol)在二噁烷(8.89ml)和水(2.96ml)中的混合物用氮气鼓泡10分钟,然后加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.137g,0.118mmol)并将反应容器密封。将反应混合物在微波反应器中在125℃下加热80分钟,然后冷却至环境温度并在5:1DCM/IPA与水之间分配。将水层进一步用5:1DCM/IPA萃取。将有机层合并,并经硫酸钠干燥。将干燥的溶液过滤,浓缩并通过硅胶色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至10%甲醇-DCM)纯化,得到黄色固体状的4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯(646mg,80%)。MS(ES+)C18H23N5O2理论值:341;实测值:342[M+H]+。
步骤3:合成4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯。
将钯碳(10wt%,0.125g,0.117mmol)和甲酸铵(0.296g,4.69mmol)加入到4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己-3-烯甲酸乙酯(0.40g,1.2mmol)的乙醇(11.7ml)溶液中,并将所得混合物加热至70℃并持续30分钟。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度,并经由硅藻土过滤,用甲醇冲洗硅藻土。然后将过滤的溶液浓缩到硅胶上并通过硅胶色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至10%甲醇-DCM)纯化,得到4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯,呈顺式:反式的3:1混合物。MS(ES+)C18H25N5O2理论值:343;实测值:344[M+H]+。
步骤4:合成4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酸
在环境温度下将氢氧化锂一水合物(0.029g,0.70mmol)添加到4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸乙酯(0.12g,0.35mmol)于THF(2.8mL)、EtOH(2.8mL)和水的溶液中。将反应混合物搅拌6小时,然后加入浓HCl水溶液(37%,0.072ml,0.87mmol)。将反应混合物浓缩并用于下一步中。
步骤5:合成(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酰胺(化合物112)
在环境温度下将HATU(162mg,0.427mmol)加入到粗制的4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸(72mg,0.23mmol)、(S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙胺盐酸盐(97mg,0.40mmol)和DIEA(0.34mL,1.9mmol)于DMF(3.8mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后在EtOAc与H2O之间分配。将有机层用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(梯度洗脱0-10%甲醇-二氯甲烷,添加有2%三乙胺)纯化,得到白色固体状的(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酰胺(化合物112;26mg,13%产率)。MS(ES+)C26H30FN9O理论值:503;实测值:504[M+H]+。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.88(s,1H),9.48(s,1H),8.66(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.38(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.94–7.81(m,3H),6.83(s,1H),6.16(s,1H)5.02–4.93(m,1H),2-57-2.49(m,1H),2.26-2.16(m,7H),1.99-1.92(m,2H),1.88-1.80(m,2H),1.58-1.36(m,7H)。
实施例3.化合物120的合成。
步骤1:合成(1S,4S)-4-(6-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)-4-羟基环己烷甲酸乙酯和(1R,4R)-4-(6-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)-4-羟基环己烷甲酸乙酯
将2,6-二溴-4-甲基吡啶(1.00g,3.98mmol)在DCM(30mL)中的溶液冷却至-78℃,并且在-78℃下将n-BuLi(2.5M,1.74mL,4.37mmol)逐滴添加到上述溶液中。将该溶液在-78℃下搅拌15分钟,接着添加4-氧代环己烷甲酸乙酯(811mg,4.77mmol),并将所得混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。然后通过加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液淬灭混合物并用DCM萃取。将有机层合并,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶柱(PE:EA=2:1)纯化残余物以得到白色固体状的(1R,4R)-4-(6-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)-4-羟基环己烷甲酸乙酯(通过TLC测得极性较小,500mg,36.7%),MS(ES+)C15H20BrNO3理论值:341,实测值:342[M+H]+;和白色固体状的(1S,4S)-4-(6-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)-4-羟基环己烷甲酸乙酯(通过TLC测得极性较大,500mg,36.7%)。MS(ES+)C15H20BrNO3理论值:341,实测值:342[M+H]+。
步骤2:合成(1S,4S)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸乙酯
将(1s,4s)-4-(6-溴-4-甲基吡啶-2-基)-4-羟基环己烷甲酸乙酯(500mg,1.46mmol)、5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-胺(283mg,2.92mmol)、t-BuXPhos(185mg,0.438mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(200mg,0.219mmol)和KOAc(429mg,4.38mmol)在DMF(2mL)和甲苯(10mL)中的混合物在微波照射下加热至140℃并持续2小时。冷却至环境温度后,将混合物浓缩并通过硅胶柱(PE:EA=1:2)纯化,得到白色固体状的(1s,4s)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸乙酯(80mg,15%)。MS(ES+)C19H26N4O3理论值:358;实测值:359[M+H]+。
步骤3:合成(1S,4S)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸
在25℃下向(1S,4S)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸乙酯(80mg,0.2231mmol)于MeOH(3mL)中的溶液中添加2M NaOH水溶液(0.5mL,1mmol)。将该溶液在25℃下搅拌15小时,然后浓缩以除去MeOH。将水溶液用2M HCl酸化以使pH值达到6,这导致沉淀形成。收集沉淀的固体并干燥,得到黄色固体状的(1S,4S)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸(60mg,81%)。MS(ES+)C17H22N4O3理论值:330;实测值:331[M+H]+。
步骤4:合成(1s,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物120)
将(1S,4S)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸(60mg,0.18mmol)、(S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H吡啶-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙胺盐酸盐(44.0mg,0.1816mmol)、HATU(69.0mg,0.1816mmol)和DIEA(70.4mg,0.545mmol)于DMA(2mL)中的混合物在25℃下搅拌2小时。将溶液浓缩并通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到白色固体状的标题产物(40mg,43%)。MS(ES+)C27H31FN8O2理论值:518;实测值:519[M+H]+。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.71(br.s.,1H),8.92(br.s.,1H),8.69(d,1H,J=4.4Hz),8.39(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),8.31(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.95-7.87(m,3H),6.83(br.s.,1H),6.79(s,1H),6.09(br.s.,1H),5.01-4.98(m,1H),4.89(s,1H),2.50-2.48(m,1H),2.21(s,3H),2.20(s,3H),2.00-1.75(m,4H),1.65-1.50(m,4H),1.41(d,3H,J=7.2Hz)。
实施例4.化合物121和122的合成。
步骤1:合成(1s,4R)-4-氟-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物121)、(1R,4S)-4-氟-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物122)和N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己-3-烯甲酰胺
将(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-羟基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(120mg,0.23mmol)于DCM(6mL)中的混合物冷却至0。℃在0℃下将DAST(111mg,0.69mmol)加入到混合物中,并且在25℃下搅拌所得的混合物2小时。将混合物浓缩并通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到白色固体状的标题化合物(1S,4R)-4-氟-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物121;6.1mg,5.08%)和(1R,4S)-4-氟-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物122;13.2mg,11.0%)。MS(ES+)C27H30F2N8O理论值:520;实测值:521[M+H]+。还得到白色固体状的N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己-3-烯甲酰胺(50mg,43.4%)。MS(ES+)C27H29FN8O理论值:500;实测值:501[M+H]+。
(1S,4R)-4-氟-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物121):1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.73(s,1H),9.01(d,1H,J=2.8Hz),8.69(d,1H,J=4.4Hz),8.41-8.38(m,2H),7.95-7.87(m,3H),6.92(s,1H),6.66(s,1H),6.14(s,1H),5.00(q,1H,J=7.2Hz),2.50-2.31(m,1H),2.21-2.21(m,6H),2.21-1.74(m,8H),1.41(d,3H,J=7.2Hz)。
(1R,4S)-4-氟-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-4-(4-甲基-6-(5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物122):1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.65(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),8.65(d,1H,J=4.4Hz),8.38-8.33(m,2H),7.92-7.84(m,3H),6.83(s,1H),6.67(s,1H),6.30(s,1H),5.04(q,1H,J=7.2Hz),2.70-2.50(m,3H),2.20(s,3H),2.15(s,3H),2.21-1.70(m,6H),1.40(d,3H,J=7.2Hz)。
实施例5:化合物129和130的合成。
步骤1:合成2-氯-4-甲基-6-(甲硫基)嘧啶
将2,4-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶(20.0g,0.123mol)溶于THF(200mL)中。在-5℃下逐滴添加MeSNa(20%水溶液,43g,0.129mol),并将所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。添加H2O(100mL)和EtOAc(100mL),并分离各层。将有机层用盐水(2x)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到黄色固体。将固体用PE(100mL)洗涤,得到目标化合物(9.1g)。MS(ES+)C6H7ClN2S理论值:174;实测值:175[M+H]+。
步骤2:合成1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-(甲硫基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
在N2气流下,在压力容器中将4-碘-1-甲氧基环己烷甲酸甲酯(1.35g,4.53mmol)溶解于二甲基乙酰胺(10mL)中。经由注射器快速加入Rieke锌(5.7mL的50mg/mL在THF中的悬浮液,4.34mmol),并将容器加盖并在环境温度下搅拌15分钟。将该容器在N2气流下打开并且添加2-氯-4-甲基-6-(甲硫基)嘧啶(659mg,3.8mmol),然后添加PdCl2dppf(138mg,0.19mmol)。将容器加盖并加热至80℃持续1小时,然后冷却至室温。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,经由硅藻土过滤,并且将滤液用H2O(3x)、盐水洗涤,经由硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至30%EtOAc-己烷)纯化所得残余物,得到呈无色油状的1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-(甲硫基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸甲酯(828mg,70%)。通过LC/MS中的UV峰积分和NMR积分,确定产物为约3:2的异构体混合物。MS(ES+)C15H22N2O3S理论值:310;实测值:311[M+H]+。
步骤3:合成1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-(甲基磺酰基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
在环境温度下将1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-(甲硫基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸甲酯(825mg,2.66mmol)溶于DCM(12mL)中,接着添加mCPBA(1.10g,6.38mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌16小时,然后添加另一份mCPBA(200mg)。再搅拌4小时后,将反应混合物用DCM稀释,然后用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤。将洗涤过的溶液经由硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,并将所得残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至60%乙酸乙酯-己烷)纯化,得到呈无色油状1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-(甲基磺酰基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸甲酯(808mg,89%)。MS(ES+)C15H22N2O5S理论值:342;实测值:343[M+H]+。
步骤4:合成4-(4-羟基-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
将1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-(甲基磺酰基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸甲酯(600mg,1.75mmol)溶于乙酸(5mL)中并加热至80℃持续1小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至环境温度,减压浓缩,用H2O研磨,并过滤。用另一些H2O洗涤固体,然后减压干燥,得到淡黄色固体状的标题化合物4-(4-羟基-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷甲酸甲酯(390mg,79%)。MS(ES+)C14H20N2O4理论值:280;实测值:281[M+H]+。
步骤5:合成4-(4-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
将4-(4-羟基-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷甲酸甲酯(380mg,1.36mmol)悬浮于POCl3(3.2mL,33.9mmol)中并加热至100℃持续2小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至环境温度,浓缩,并用碎冰处理残余物。将所得的悬浮液用DCM分配,并且将有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液萃取并经由硫酸钠干燥。将干燥的溶液过滤,浓缩,并将所得残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱(梯度洗脱,0至30%乙酸乙酯-己烷)纯化,得到浅橙色油状的4-(4-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷甲酸甲酯(344mg,85%),其在静置后固化。MS(ES+)C14H19ClN2O3理论值:298;实测值:299[M+H]+。
步骤6:合成1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
将4-(4-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷甲酸甲酯(300mg,1.00mmol)、3-甲基-1-吡唑-5-胺(146mg,1.51mmol)、二-叔丁基(2',4',6'-三异丙基-[1,1’-联苯]-2-基)膦(85mg,0.2当量)Pd2(dba)3(92mg,0.1当量)和乙酸钾(394mg,4.02mmol)在氮气下在小瓶中合并,并添加4mL二噁烷。将反应混合物加热至100℃持续1小时,然后冷却至环境温度。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,经由硅藻土过滤,浓缩,并通过硅胶快速柱色谱(梯度洗脱,0至10%甲醇-二氯甲烷)纯化所得残余物,得到褐色泡沫状的1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸甲酯(192mg,53%)。MS(ES+)C18H25N5O3理论值:359;实测值:360[M+H]+。
步骤7:合成(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物129)和(1S,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(化合物130)
使用合成方案1和2中概述的相同的两步程序(水解和酰胺偶合),用PyBOP作为酰胺偶合剂代替HATU,由1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酸甲酯(192mg,0.53mmol)制备标题化合物。产物最初作为非对映异构体混合物(190mg)而分离,然后将其溶解于6mL甲醇中并通过SFC(ChiralPak AD-H 21x250mm,含有于CO2中的0.25%DEA的40%MeOH,2.5mL注入液,70mL/min)纯化。将峰1浓缩,得到白色固体状的(1R,4S)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(29mg,10%)。将峰2浓缩,得到白色固体状的(1s,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-1-甲氧基-4-(4-甲基-6-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-2-基)环己烷甲酰胺(130mg,46%)。
实施例6.化合物149的合成
步骤1:合成4-(2-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-4-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
在N2气流下,在压力容器中将4-碘-1-甲氧基环己烷甲酸甲酯(3.37g,11.3mmol)溶解于二甲基乙酰胺(38mL)中。经由注射器快速加入Rieke锌(17.7mL的50mg/mL在THF中的悬浮液,13.6mmol),并将容器加盖并在环境温度下搅拌15分钟。将容器在N2气流下打开并且添加2,4-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶(1.84g,11.3mmol),然后添加PdCl2dppf(826mg,1.13mmol)。将容器加盖并加热至80℃持续1小时,然后冷却至室温。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,经由硅藻土过滤,并且将滤液用H2O(3x)、盐水洗涤,经由硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至50%EtOAc-己烷)纯化所得残余物,得到无色油状的4-(2-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-4-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯(74mg,2.2%)。MS(ES+)C14H19ClN2O3理论值:298;实测值:299[M+H]+。
步骤2:合成3-((4-(4-甲氧基-4-(甲氧基羰基)环己基)-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯
将4-(2-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-4-基)-1-甲氧基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯(70.5mg,0.236mmol)、3-氨基-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯(69.8mg,0.354mmol)、二-叔丁基(2',4',6'-三异丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)膦(20.0mg,0.2当量)、Pd2(dba)3(21.6mg,0.1当量)和乙酸钾(70mg,0.71mmol)在氮气下在小瓶中合并,并添加0.98mL二噁烷。将反应混合物加热至115℃持续2小时,然后冷却至环境温度。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,经由硅藻土过滤,浓缩到硅胶上,并通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至100%乙酸乙酯-己烷)纯化所得残余物,得到黄色油状的3-((4-(4-甲氧基-4-(甲氧基羰基)环己基)-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯(48mg,44%)。MS(ES+)C23H33N5O5理论值:459;实测值:460[M+H]+。
步骤3:合成1-甲氧基-4-(6-甲基-2-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)环己烷-1-甲酸
将氢氧化锂一水合物(13mg,0.31mmol)加入到3-((4-(4-甲氧基-4-(甲氧基羰基)环己基)-6-甲基嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯(47.7mg,0.104mmol)于THF/MeOH/H2O(17:1:1,1.8mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物加热至60℃并搅拌16小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至环境温度并浓缩,得到粗制的1-甲氧基-4-(6-甲基-2-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)环己烷-1-甲酸(57mg,粗品),其未经任何进一步纯化用于随后的酰胺偶合中。MS(ES+)C17H23N5O3理论值:345;实测值:346[M+H]+。
步骤4:合成((1s,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-1-甲氧基-4-(6-甲基-2-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)环己烷-1-甲酰胺(化合物149)
使用合成方案1和2中概述的相同程序(酰胺偶合),用PyBOP作为酰胺偶合剂代替HATU,由1-甲氧基-4-(6-甲基-2-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)环己烷-1-甲酸(57mg,0.104mmol)制备标题化合物。产物最初作为非对映异构体混合物(36mg)而分离,然后将其溶解于6mL甲醇-DCM(1:1)中,并通过SFC(ChiralPak IC-H 21×250mm,含有于CO2中的0.25%DEA的40%MeOH,1.0mL注入液,70mL/min)纯化。峰1为不需要的异构体,并将峰2浓缩,得到白色固体状的(1s,4R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-1-甲氧基-4-(6-甲基-2-((5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)环己烷-1-甲酰胺(13.4mg,24%)。
中间体的合成
实施例7.酮和硼酸酯中间体的合成
A.1-甲氧基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
标题化合物如WO2014/130810A1第86页中所述制备。
B.1-乙氧基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯
步骤1:合成8-乙氧基-1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸烷-8-甲酸乙酯
将1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸-8-酮(20.0g,128mmol)于CHBr3(3234g,1280mmol)中的溶液冷却至0℃,并且经2.5小时逐滴加入在EtOH(300mL)中的氢氧化钾(57.5g,1024mmol)。搅拌混合物23小时后,浓缩混合物,并将残余物在EtOAc与H2O之间分配。将有机层用盐水洗涤,经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩,得到粗产物,将其通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,PE:EA=15:1至10:1)纯化,得到标题化合物(18.0g)。
步骤2:合成1-乙氧基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯
向8-乙氧基-1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸烷-8-甲酸乙酯(10g,43mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(250mL)中的溶液中添加HCl水溶液(6M,92.5mL),并将混合物在环境温度下搅拌23小时。然后将混合物用H2O稀释并用EtOAc萃取。将有机层用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩,得到粗残余物,将其通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(PE:EA=15:1)纯化,得到产物(8.0g)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ4.20–4.13(m,2H),3.43(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.48–2.39(m,1H),2.24–2.12(m,2H),2.10–2.01(m,1H),1.22(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.0Hz,2H)。
C.6,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯
步骤1:合成2,2-二甲基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯
在0℃下,将甲基溴化镁(3M,109.8mL,329.4mmol)的溶液逐滴添加到CuCN(14.75g,164.7mmol)于乙醚(50mL)中的悬浮液中。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,然后冷却至-78℃。接着逐滴添加2-甲基-4-氧代环己-2-烯-1-甲酸乙酯(10g,54.9mmol)于乙醚(10mL)中的溶液。在-40℃至-20℃下搅拌混合物2小时,然后温至环境温度并持续16小时。将反应混合物小心地加入到饱和氯化铵溶液中。将水层用乙醚萃取两次,合并有机层。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(PE:EA=10:1)纯化残余物,得到2,2-二甲基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯(1.16g)。
步骤2:合成6,6-二甲基-4-(((三氟甲基)磺酰基)氧基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯
将2,2-二甲基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯(1.16g,5.85mmol)和DIPEA(3.03g,23.4mmol)溶于无水甲苯(2mL)中并在45℃下加热10分钟。经10分钟逐滴添加在DCM(20mL)中的三氟甲磺酸酐(6.61g,23.4mmol),并将混合物在45℃下加热2小时。使混合物冷却至室温,浓缩,用水(60mL)稀释并用DCM(2×40mL)萃取。将有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至100%乙酸乙酯-石油醚)纯化粗产物,得到6,6-二甲基-4-(((三氟甲基)磺酰基)氧基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯(1g)。
步骤3:合成6,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯
将6,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯(1g,3.03mmol)、4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(1.15g,4.54mmol)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(73.5mg,0.09mmol)和乙酸钾(891mg,9.08mmol)悬浮于1,4-二噁烷(20mL)中。将反应混合物用氮气冲洗,然后加热至100℃并持续2小时。将混合物冷却至室温,过滤并浓缩,并通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至100%乙酸乙酯-石油醚)纯化所得的棕色油状物,得到6,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯(618mg)。
D.6-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯
使用与上述相同的合成方案,使用2-甲基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯作为原料制备6-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)环己-3-烯-1-甲酸乙酯。
E.2-甲基-5-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯
步骤1:合成2-甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯
将丙烯醛(120g,2.14mol)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(200g,2.00mol)和氢醌(2.2g,20mmol)的混合物在180℃下于密封钢容器中加热1小时。然后将混合物冷却至环境温度并浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=100:1至80:1)纯化残余物,得到浅黄色油状的2-甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯(70g,产率22%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ6.38(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.73-4.70(m,1H),3.76(s,3H),2.25-2.22(m,1H),1.99-1.96(m,2H),1.79-1.77(m,1H),1.49(s,3H)。
步骤2:合成5-羟基-2-甲基四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯
在-5℃下向2-甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯(20.0g,128mmol)于无水四氢呋喃(200mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加硼烷(67mL,1M,在四氢呋喃中)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌3小时。通过TLC监测此反应。通过乙酸钠(10.5g,128mmol)在水(15mL)中的溶液淬灭混合物。然后将混合物在0℃下缓慢地用30%过氧化氢溶液(23.6g,208.2mmol)处理并在30℃下搅拌3小时。接着将混合物在饱和亚硫酸钠溶液与四氢呋喃之间分配。将水层进一步用四氢呋喃(2X)萃取。将合并的有机层用饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1至1:1)纯化残余物,得到浅黄色油状的粗5-羟基-2-甲基四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯(18g,粗产物),将其直接用于下一步。
步骤3:合成2-甲基-5-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯
向5-羟基-2-甲基四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯(18.0g,103mmol)于无水二氯甲烷(200mL)中的溶液中分批添加PCC(45.0g,209mmol)。在环境温度下搅拌反应混合物直到TLC显示反应完成。然后添加石油醚(500mL)并过滤混合物。将滤饼用石油醚(100mL)洗涤,并且真空浓缩滤液,得到浅黄色油状的2-甲基-5-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲酸甲酯(15g,84%产率)。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ4.25(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),4.07(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),3.81(s,3H),2.52-2.44(m,3H),2.11-2.04(m,1H),1.53(s,3H)。
实施例8.碘化物中间体的合成
A.1-甲氧基-4-碘代环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
步骤1:合成1-甲氧基-4-羟基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
将1-甲氧基-4-氧代环己烷甲酸甲酯(4.00g,21.5mmol)溶于甲醇(100mL)中并将溶液冷却至0℃。经20分钟分批加入硼氢化钠(2.03g,53.7mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌30分钟,然后通过加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液使其淬灭。蒸发淬灭的反应混合物以除去MeOH,然后用DCM(3×)萃取含水悬浮液。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到残余物,通过硅胶快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,5%至100%乙酸乙酯-己烷)纯化该残余物,得到无色油状的1-甲氧基-4-羟基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯(2.00g,49.5%)。MS(ES+)C9H16O4理论值:188;实测值:211[M+Na]+。
步骤2:合成1-甲氧基-4-碘代环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯
将1-甲氧基-4-羟基环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯(2.00g,10.6mmol)溶于THF(20mL)中并添加咪唑(723mg,10.6mmol)和三苯基膦(3.34g,12.8mmol)。将混合物冷却至0℃,然后经15分钟逐滴添加碘(3.24g,12.8mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液。使反应混合物升温至环境温度,然后搅拌2天,之后将其倾倒在饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液中并用EtOAc萃取。将有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,并将残余物用己烷(40mL,搅拌20分钟)研磨。过滤混合物,并且蒸发滤液得到残余物,通过硅胶快速柱色谱(梯度洗脱,0至30%乙酸乙酯-己烷)纯化该残余物,得到淡黄色油状的标题化合物(2.37g,75%)。MS(ES+)C9H15IO3理论值:298;实测值:299[M+H]+。
B.1-乙氧基-4-碘代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯。
如上所述用1-乙氧基-4-氧代环己烷-1-甲酸乙酯作为原料制备标题化合物。C11H19IO3理论值:326;实测值:327[M+H]+。
实施例9.胺中间体的合成
A.(S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-胺。
步骤1:合成1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-酮
将4-氟-1H-吡唑(4.73g,55mmol)和碳酸钾(17.27g,125mmol)合并,并在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(41.7mL)中在敞口密封管中搅拌10分钟,然后添加2-溴-5-乙酰基吡啶(10g,50mmol)。将反应管密封并在100℃下搅拌20小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至室温并倒入水(约700mL)中。超声处理混合物并搅拌20分钟,然后通过过滤分离米色固体,用少量水洗涤并干燥,得到1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-酮(9.81g,96%产率)。MS:M+1=206.0。
步骤2:合成(R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
向1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-酮(9.806g,47.8mmol)在THF(96mL)中的室温搅拌溶液中添加(R)-(+)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺(5.79g,47.8mmol),然后添加乙醇钛(IV)(21.8g,96mmol)。将该溶液在75℃下于油浴中搅拌15小时。在下一步之前,将反应溶液冷却至室温,然后冷却至-78℃外(部温度)。经约55分钟向-78℃溶液中逐滴添加L-Selectride(143mL 1N的THF溶液,143mmol)。在添加期间,观察到一些鼓泡。然后在添加完成之后在-78℃下搅拌反应物15分钟,然后升温至室温。从冷浴中取出的样品的LC-MS显示反应完成。将反应物冷却至-50℃并用甲醇(约10mL)缓慢淬灭,然后倒入水(600mL)中并搅拌。通过过滤除去灰白色沉淀,用乙酸乙酯洗涤。将滤液用乙酸乙酯(800mL)稀释,分离各层,并且将有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法纯化粗产物,得到淡黄色固体状的(R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(10.5g,99%纯度,70.3%收率)。MS:M+1=311.1。
步骤3:合成(S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-胺。
将(R)-N-((S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(10.53g,33.9mmol))于甲醇(79mmol)和4N HCl/二噁烷(85mL,339mmol)中的溶液搅拌2.5小时,此时LC-MS显示反应完成。将反应溶液倒入乙醚(300mL)中并形成粘性固体。用乙酸乙酯(200mL)处理混合物并超声处理。倾析溶剂,并且将粘性固体用更多乙酸乙酯(约200mL)处理,超声处理并搅拌。大部分粘性固体转化为悬浮液。通过过滤分离淡黄色固体,用较少量乙酸乙酯洗涤并干燥,得到(S)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-胺(7.419g,产率78%)。LC-MS证实了高纯度的所需产物。MS:M+1=207.1。
B.(S)-1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙-1-胺。
步骤1:合成1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙-1-酮
在环境温度下将氢化钠(60wt%,276mg,6.90mmol)加入到1-(5-氯代吡嗪-2-基)乙酮(800mg,5.11mmol)和4-氟-1H-吡唑(484mg,5.62mmol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(6.0mL)中的混合物中并持续10分钟。然后将反应混合物倒入水(70mL)中并超声处理并搅拌20分钟。通过过滤分离深红色固体,用少量水洗涤,并干燥,得到1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙-1-酮(919mg,产率95%)。MS:M+1=207。
步骤2:合成(R)-N-((S)-1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺
向1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙-1-酮(4.67g,22.7mmol)在THF(45mL)中的室温搅拌溶液中添加(R)-(+)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺(2.75g,22.7mmol),然后添加乙醇钛(IV)(10.3g,45.3mmol)。将该溶液在75℃下于油浴中搅拌20小时。将反应溶液冷却至室温,然后在下一步之前冷却至-78℃。经50分钟向-78℃溶液中逐滴添加L-Selectride(50.1mL 1N的THF溶液,50.1mmol)。在添加期间,观察到一些鼓泡。添加完成之后,将反应物搅拌15分钟,然后升温至室温。从冷浴中取出的样品的LC-MS显示反应完成。将反应物冷却至-60℃,并且用甲醇(1mL)缓慢淬灭,然后倒入水(100mL)中并搅拌。过滤混合物,将固体用乙酸乙酯进一步洗涤。将滤液用乙酸乙酯稀释,并且将有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,并将所得残余物通过快速柱色谱法(梯度洗脱,0至100%乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷)纯化,得到棕色固体状的(R)-N-((S)-1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(1.04g,14%)。MS:M+1=312。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.12(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.73(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.59(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),5.69(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.62(p,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.57(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.12(s,9H)。
步骤3:合成(S)-1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙-1-胺
将(R)-N-((S)-1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙基)-2-甲基丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(1.04g,3.34mmol)于甲醇(7.8mL)和4N HCl/二噁烷(8.34mL,33.4mmol)中的溶液在环境温度下搅拌1.5小时。将反应混合物倒入乙醚(100mL)中,并且通过过滤分离浅米色固体,得到(S)-1-(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)乙-1-胺(689mg,产率85%)。MS:M+1=208。
C.(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)甲胺
步骤1:合成5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-甲腈
向5-氯代吡嗪-2-甲腈(280mg,2.0mmol)于DMF中的溶液中添加4-氟-1H-吡唑(170mg,2.0mmol)和乙酸钾(395mg,4.0mmol)。将混合物在100℃下搅拌4小时,然后冷却至20℃,倒入盐水(25mL)中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层经硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,并通过柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=5:1)纯化,得到5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-甲腈(310mg,82%)。通过LC-MS证实结构。
步骤2:合成(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)甲胺
在0℃下将5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-甲腈(190mg,1.0mmol)和NiCl2(12mg,0.1mmol)于MeOH(5mL)中的混合物中添加NaBH4(380mg,10mmol)。在0℃下搅拌混合物2小时,用NH4Cl水溶液淬灭,并通过HPLC纯化,得到(5-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡嗪-2-基)甲胺(160mg,产率82%)。通过LC-MS证实结构。
D.(6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲胺
步骤1:合成6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)烟腈
向6-氯代烟腈(300mg,2.2mmol)于DMF(10mL)中的溶液中添加3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑(210mg,2.2mmol)和Cs2CO3(1.4g,4.4mmol),并且在90℃下搅拌混合物16小时。然后用H2O(25mL)稀释混合物并过滤。将固体用水洗涤并真空干燥,得到6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)烟腈(320mg,74.6%)。
步骤2:合成((6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯
向于MeOH(10mL)中的6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)烟腈(300mg,1.5mmol)中添加NiCl2(19mg,0.15mmol)、(Boc)2O(654mg,3.0mmol)和NaBH4(142mg,3.8mmol),并将混合物在环境温度下搅拌3小时。添加饱和氯化铵水溶液,并在真空下除去MeOH。将含水悬浮液用乙酸乙酯分配,并将有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(2×50mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,得到450mg目标化合物,将其在无进一步纯化下用于下一步中。
步骤3:合成(6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲胺
将HCl在二噁烷中的溶液(4.0M,10mL)加入到化合物((6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(450mg)中,并将混合物搅拌2小时。然后将混合物减压浓缩,得到浅棕色固体状的标题化合物(350mg),其在无进一步纯化下继续使用。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.51(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.34(s,3H),8.03(dd,J=8.5,2.4Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.14(s,1H),4.12(q,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.59(s,3H),2.21(s,3H)。
E.(6-(4-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲胺
步骤1:合成6-(4-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)烟腈
向6-氯代烟腈(300mg,2.2mmol)于DMF(10mL)中的溶液中添加4-氯-1H-吡唑(227mg,2.2mmol)和Cs2CO3(1.4g,4.4mmol),并在90℃下搅拌混合物16小时。然后用H2O(25mL)稀释混合物并过滤。将固体用H2O洗涤并在真空下干燥,得到6-(4-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)烟腈(380mg,84%),其在不进一步纯化下用于下一步。
步骤2:合成((6-(4-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯
向于MeOH(10mL)中的6-(4-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)烟腈(350mg,1.7mmol)中添加NiCl2(19mg,0.17mmol)、(Boc)2O(741mg,3.4mmol)和NaBH4(163mg,4.3mmol),并将混合物在环境温度下搅拌3小时。添加饱和NH4Cl水溶液,并在真空下除去MeOH。然后将含水悬浮液用EtOAc分配,并将有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(2×50mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,得到480mg标题化合物,将其在无进一步纯化下用于下一步。
步骤3:合成(6-(4-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲胺
将HCl在二噁烷(4.0M,10mL)中的溶液在环境温度下添加到((6-(4-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(450mg,1.5mmol)中。将混合物搅拌2小时,然后减压浓缩,得到浅棕色固体状的标题化合物(290mg),将其在无进一步纯化下使用。MS:M+1=209。
F.(R)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-胺
步骤1-3:(R)-1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-胺
使用与制备此化合物的S对映异构体相同的工序,由1-(6-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)乙-1-酮制备标题化合物,例外的是用(S)-(-)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺代替(R)-(-)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺作为手性助剂。MS(ES+)C10H11FN4理论值:206;实测值:207[M+H]+。
下面指出了可用于制备本文公开的化合物的合成方案。下面还示出了针对本文公开的化合物获得的NMR和LC MS数据。
实施例10:化合物的生物化学活性的测量
为了评估化合物对所关注的相关激酶的活性,使用Caliper LifeSciences电泳迁移率变动技术平台。将荧光标记的底物肽在激酶和ATP存在下孵育,使得反射比例的肽被磷酸化。在反应结束时,使磷酸化(产物)和非磷酸化(底物)肽的混合物在施加的电位差下通过Caliper EZ Reader 2的微流体系统。产物肽上磷酸基团的存在提供了底物肽之间质量和电荷的差异,由此造成样品中底物与产物汇集物的分离。当汇集物通过仪器中的LEDS时,这些汇集物将被检测并解析为单独的峰。这些峰之间的比率因此反映了在那些条件下在该孔中该浓度下的化学物质的活性。
A.KM下的RET野生型测定
在384孔平板的每个孔中,将7.5nM-10nM野生型RET(ProQinase 1090-0000-1)在含有1μM CSKtide(FITC-AHA-KKKKD DIYFFFG-NH2)和25μM ATP的总共12.5μL缓冲液(100mMHEPES pH 7.5、0.015%BriJ 35、10mM MgCl2、1mM DTT)中在25℃下在存在或不存在给药浓度系列的化合物(1%DMSO最终浓度)下孵育120分钟。通过加入70μL终止缓冲液(100mMHEPES pH 7.5、0.015%Brij 35、35mM EDTA和0.2%包被试剂3(Caliper Lifesciences))来终止反应。然后在Caliper EZReader 2上读取平板(方案设定:-1.7psi,上游电压-500,下游电压-3000,后样品sip 35s)。将数据归一化为0%和100%抑制对照并且使用CORELIMS中的4参数拟合计算IC50。
B.KM下的RET
V804L看门突变体测定
在384孔平板的每个孔中,将7.5nM-10nM突变RET(ProQinase 1096-0000-1)在25℃下在含有1μM CSKtide(FITC-AHA-KKKKDDIYFFFG-NH2)和10μM ATP的总共12.5μL缓冲液(100mM HEPES pH 7.5、0.015%BriJ 35、10mM MgCl2、1mM DTT)中在存在或不存在给药浓度系列的化合物(1%DMSO最终浓度)下孵育120分钟。通过加入70μL终止缓冲液(100mMHEPES pH 7.5、0.015%Brij 35、35mM EDTA和0.2%包被试剂3(Caliper Lifesciences))来终止反应。然后在Caliper EZReader 2上读取平板(方案设定:-1.7psi,上游电压-500,下游电压-3000,后样品sip 35s)。将数据归一化为0%和100%抑制对照并且使用CORELIMS中的4参数拟合计算IC50。
在下表中,使用以下名称:<10.00nM=A;10.01-100.0nM=B;且>100nM=C。
以引用的方式并入
本文提及的所有出版物和专利据此通过引用整体并入本文,如同每个单独的出版物或专利具体地和单独地表示为通过引用并入本文。
等效方案
本领域技术人员仅仅使用常规实验将认识到或者能够确定本文所述的发明的具体实施方案的许多等效方案。此类等效方案意图包含于下列权利要求中。
Claims (14)
X1和X2各自独立地选自N和C(R6);
R1位于5位处;且R1为被0-3次出现的Ra取代的C1-C4烷基;
R7为被0-3次出现的Rb取代的吡唑-1-基;
R2选自氢、羟基、卤基和O-C1-C4烷基;
R3a、R3b、R8a和R8b各自为氢和被0-3次出现的Ra取代的C1-C4烷基;
R4选自氢、C1-C4烷基和O-C1-C4烷基,其中R4的每个烷基部分被0-3次出现的Ra取代;
R5选自氢和被0-3次出现的Ra取代的C1-C4烷基;
R9为氢;
各R6独立地选自氢、卤基和被0-3次出现的Ra取代的C1-C4烷基;
各Ra和各Rb独立地选自C1-C6烷基、卤基、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基和氰基,其中烷基、烷氧基、环烷基和杂环基各自独立地被0-5次出现的R′取代;
各R′独立地选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6杂烷基、卤基、羟基、环烷基和氰基;或者2个R′与它们所连接的原子一起形成环烷基或杂环基环;
m为1;以及
n为1。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R3a和R3b或R8a和R8b中的至少一对同时为氢。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R2选自氢、羟基、氟和-OCH3。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R3a、R3b、R8a和R8b各自独立地选自氢和-CH3。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R4选自氢、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-OCH3和-OCH2CH3。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R5选自氢和-CH3。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R6独立地选自氢、氯和-CH3。
8.一种药物组合物,其包含:
如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;和
药学上可接受的载体。
9.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗患有由RET融合蛋白或RET突变体介导的癌症的个体的药物的应用。
10.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗患有非小细胞肺癌的个体的药物的应用。
11.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗患有乳头状甲状腺癌的个体的药物的应用。
12.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗患有甲状腺髓样癌的个体的药物的应用。
13.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗患有结直肠癌的个体的药物的应用。
14.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗患有多发性内分泌瘤的个体的药物的应用。
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